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Nevada   Nevada Profile

State Profile and Energy Estimates

Changes to the State Energy Data System (SEDS) Notice: In October 2023, we updated the way we calculate primary energy consumption of electricity generation from noncombustible renewable energy sources (solar, wind, hydroelectric, and geothermal). Visit our Changes to 1960—2022 conversion factor for renewable energy page to learn more.

Profile AnalysisPrint State Energy Profile
(overview, data, & analysis)

Last Updated: April 20, 2023

Overview

Tourism to Las Vegas and Reno helps make the transportation sector Nevada’s biggest energy consumer.

Known as the Silver State, Nevada is rich in mineral deposits, particularly gold and silver.1,2 It is also rich in renewable energy resources.3 The Sierra Nevada Mountains brush the western edge of Nevada, and the open prairie and deep canyons of the Columbia Plateau occupy the northeastern part of the state. However, almost all of Nevada is within the Great Basin, an arid area with no outlet to the sea. The state's iconic buttes and flat-topped mesas are scattered between the mountain ranges that rise from the desert floor.4,5 The sun-bathed desert provides Nevada with the greatest solar power potential in the nation, and the state has substantial solar energy development.6 Geothermal resources are also widespread in Nevada, and the state ranks second in the nation, after California, in its electricity generating capacity at geothermal power plants.7,8,9 Although Nevada has the lowest average annual precipitation in the nation, it has one of the nation's largest hydroelectric facilities, Hoover Dam. The Dam spans the Colorado River between Nevada and Arizona and supplies the region with electricity.10,11 Nevada's mountain slopes are home to the state's mostly juniper and pinyon pine forests, and the mountain ridges have the state's greatest wind power potential, but only a small amount of the state's electricity is generated from wind or biomass.12,13 Nevada does not have any significant crude oil, natural gas, or coal reserves and has no nuclear power plants.14,15 However, the state is the nation's only lithium producer. Lithium is used in the manufacturing of the rechargeable batteries used in portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and grid storage applications.16 A northern Nevada lithium deposit is thought to be the largest in North America, and construction of an open pit mine began at that location in 2023.17,18

Nevada is one of the largest sources of gold in the world and the state's mines account for about three-fourths of the gold produced in the United States.19,20 In 1859, the discovery of silver and gold drew a rush of settlers to Nevada.21 Today, the state's population growth is among the fastest in the nation, but Nevada remains among the 10 least densely populated states.22,23 The federal government owns about four-fifths of Nevada's land, the largest share of any state. The U.S. Bureau of Land Management manages grazing, mining, and energy development on most of those public lands.24,25 Although mining for gold, silver, lithium, and other minerals remains important, the state's economy now includes: aerospace and defense; information technology; health; manufacturing and logistics; natural resource technologies; and tourism.26 Las Vegas and Reno are tourist destinations for gaming and entertainment, and the leisure and hospitality industry is the state's largest employer despite a sharp drop in early 2020 as a result of the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.27,28

In part because of tourism, Nevada's transportation sector accounts for about one-third of the state's total energy consumption. The residential sector consumes more than one-fourth of the total energy used in the state, the industrial sector accounts for more than one-fifth, and the commercial sector uses one-fifth.29 Almost three-fourths of the state's residents live in southern Nevada in Clark County, which borders the Colorado River and includes the city of Las Vegas.30 Despite the heavy use of air conditioning in the state during the long, hot summers, Nevada's per capita energy consumption is less than in about three-fourths of the states.31,32,33 The amount of energy consumed for each dollar of GDP in Nevada is well below the national average.34 Overall, Nevada ranks sixth-lowest among the states in energy production, and uses more than six times as much energy as is produced in the state.35

Electricity

Nevada’s largest power plant by capacity and generation is natural gas-fired and recycles three-fourths of the water it uses.

Natural gas fuels the largest share of Nevada's electricity generation, and 8 of the state's 10 largest power plants by capacity and 7 of the 10 largest by generation are natural gas-fired.36 In 2022, natural gas fueled 56% of Nevada's total in-state electricity generation from both utility-scale (greater than 1 megawatt capacity) and small-scale (less than 1 megawatt capacity) plants.37 Because Nevada is the driest state in the nation, minimizing the use of scarce water is a priority. The state's largest generating plant, the 1,100-megawatt Chuck Lenzie Generating Station near Las Vegas, uses high-efficiency natural gas combined-cycle technology and recycles three-fourths of the water it uses. The facility also reduces water use with a dry-cooling system that allows the combined-cycle plant to use 7% as much water as an equivalent conventional water-cooled power plant.38

In 2022, renewable energy resources—mainly solar, geothermal, and hydroelectric power—accounted for 37% of Nevada's total in-state electricity net generation. Solar thermal and utility- and small-scale solar photovoltaic (PV) energy together supplied about 23% of the state's total, while geothermal energy provided 9%. Hoover Dam, one of the nation's largest hydroelectric dams, is on Nevada's border with Arizona and has power plants in both states.39 Hydroelectric power, including Nevada's share of Hoover Dam, provided about 4% of the state's total electricity net generation in 2022. Wind and biomass provided the rest of Nevada's renewable generation.40

Coal fueled about 6% of Nevada's total electricity generation in 2022, down from more than 51% two decades earlier.41 Two of the state's coal-fired power plants, which were located in southern Nevada, closed in the previous decade and a third coal-fired power plant that supplies electricity to northern Nevada towns is scheduled to retire in 2025.42,43 The only other coal-fired power plant in Nevada is an industrial facility that began operating in 2008. It provides electricity to gold and copper mining operations in the desert near Elko and sells its excess generation to the regional electricity transmission company.44,45

In 2022, total electricity consumption in Nevada was nearly evenly distributed among the state's residential, industrial, and commercial sectors, and Nevada's average electricity price was less than in more than half the states.46,47 The residential sector, where more than one in three households use electricity for home heating and most use air conditioning, accounted for more than one-third of the state's electricity consumption.48,49 The commercial sector, including the famously bright lights on the Las Vegas strip, used about one-third, and the industrial sector consumed almost all the rest. Nevada's transportation sector accounted for a small amount of the state's electricity consumption.50 Nevada also continues to add charging stations to its electric highway infrastructure. As of March 2023, there were almost 480 public electric vehicle charging stations in Nevada, more than 80 of which were direct current fast-charging facilities.51,52

Nevada's electricity consumption sometimes exceeds in-state generation, and additional electricity supplies enter Nevada over high-voltage transmission lines from other states.53 Prior to 2014, two separate transmission grids provided power to Nevada. The one in the southern part of the state supplied the Las Vegas area, and the one in the northern part of the state supplied many communities, including the Elko and Reno areas. In 2014, the One Nevada transmission project, which runs the length of the state, connected the two grids. That connection, along with other newer transmission lines in the state, links renewable electricity generation near Las Vegas and Reno, as well as in more remote parts of Nevada, to the state's population centers.54,55 Another large-scale transmission project in development will cross through Nevada, allowing delivery of power generated from renewable resources in Wyoming to market centers in California, Arizona, and Nevada.56,57

Renewable energy

Nevada has a first-of-its-kind hybrid geothermal-solar power plant, which combines geothermal power with solar PV and solar thermal generation.

In 2022, renewable energy sources generated 37% of Nevada's total electricity generation from both utility- and small-scale facilities. Utility-scale solar PV facilities generated more electricity than the state's hydroelectric plants for the first time in 2016, and more power than geothermal energy for the first time in 2017. Since 2016, the share of Nevada's in-state electricity generation from all solar sources has nearly tripled. In 2022, utility-scale and small-scale solar power—including from solar thermal power plants—provided almost two-thirds of Nevada's in-state generation from all renewable sources and 23% of the state's total electricity generation.58 Nevada leads the nation in solar power potential and ranks sixth in the nation in total solar capacity and generation.59,60

Nevada is one of seven states with utility-scale electricity generation from geothermal energy, and the state is second only to California in geothermal-sourced power production.61 Geothermal resources account for one-fourth of Nevada's generation from all renewable sources and 9% of the state's total electricity generation.62 Among the state's electricity generating facilities is a first-of-its-kind hybrid geothermal-solar power plant, which combines geothermal power with solar PV and solar thermal generation. That facility began as a geothermal power plant in 2009, and PV panels were added later, creating a baseload geothermal facility with peaking solar generation in daytime, when air conditioning demand is greatest. In 2015, the facility added a solar thermal power plant, which raises the temperature of the geothermal fluids and increases the efficiency and amount of generation from the geothermal power plant.63

Almost all of the rest of Nevada's renewable generation comes from its hydroelectric power plants, primarily Hoover Dam, the state's third-largest power plant by capacity and sixth-largest by generation.64,65 Built in less than five years during the Great Depression, Hoover Dam has a generating capacity of about 2,080 megawatts, half of which is in Nevada and half is in Arizona. The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation operates the dam, which supplies electricity to Nevada, Arizona, and California. Hoover Dam is a National Historic Landmark.66,67,68

Nevada's wind resource potential is on scattered mountain ridges across the state.69 Because the federal government owns and manages 80% of the state's land, most utility-scale wind projects need federal approval.70,71 Nevada's first utility-scale commercial wind farm opened in 2012. The 150-megawatt wind farm is the only utility-scale wind project online in the state. No new utility-scale wind projects were in development as of February 2023.72

Nevada first enacted a Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) in 1997 and has modified it several times since, most recently in 2019. It now requires that at least 50% of the electricity that utilities sell to Nevada customers must come from renewable sources by 2030. The incremental goal for 2022-23 was 29%, which included 6% from solar energy.73,74

Petroleum

Nevada does not have any significant crude oil reserves and has only a modest amount of production.75,76 Petroleum exploration in the state was sporadic during the past century.77 Nevada's crude oil production reached a high of more than 4 million barrels per year in 1990, but annual production declined rapidly after that. In 2022, the state produced less than 230,000 barrels.78 Nevada has one crude oil refinery. It can process about 2,000 barrels of crude oil per calendar day and produces only asphalt and road oil.79,80 The state gets its additional needed petroleum products from out of state. Las Vegas receives refined petroleum products like motor gasoline and diesel fuel by pipeline from refineries in Salt Lake City and Los Angeles, and the Reno area receives petroleum products from refineries in the San Francisco Bay area.81,82

Nevada's transportation sector consumes most of the petroleum products used in the state. In 2020, 86% of the petroleum consumed in Nevada went to that sector.83 Federal regulations require that both the Las Vegas and the Reno metropolitan areas use oxygenated motor gasoline during the winter months. Additionally, motor gasoline sold during the summer in Washoe County, including the Reno area, is a reduced volatility blend that lowers the emissions that contribute to the formation of ground-level ozone.84,85 Ethanol is used as an oxygenate for motor gasoline, but there are no fuel ethanol plants in Nevada.86 Ethanol is shipped into the state by rail and blended with motor gasoline at Nevada's petroleum product terminals.87 The industrial sector consumes most of the petroleum that is not used in the state's transportation sector. It accounted for about 9% of Nevada's petroleum consumption in 2020. The commercial sector used about 3% and the residential sector, where about 3 in 100 Nevada households use petroleum products, mostly propane, for home heating, accounted for almost all the rest. A small amount is used for power generation.88,89 On a per capita basis, Nevada uses less petroleum than more than two-thirds of the states.90

Natural gas

Nevada has no significant natural gas reserves and only a minimal amount of natural gas production.91 Almost all of the state's natural gas is produced from oil wells, and all of that natural gas is used to operate equipment in the fields where it is produced.92,93,94 Interstate pipelines bring the natural gas supply Nevada consumers use from other states. In 2021, most of the natural gas that entered Nevada came through Utah. Nevada consumers used slightly more than one-fourth of the natural gas that entered the state. The rest continued on, with about three-fourths going to California and one-fourth to Oregon.95 In 2022, the electric power sector used 65% of the natural gas delivered to Nevada consumers. The residential sector, where nearly three in five households use natural gas as their primary home heating fuel, consumed 17% of the state's natural gas deliveries.96 The commercial sector used about 12% of the natural gas delivered to Nevada consumers, and the industrial sector accounted for 6%. The transportation sector used a small amount of natural gas as compressed natural gas vehicle fuel.97

Coal

There are no commercial coal deposits or coal mines in Nevada.98 However, the state's two coal-fired power plants, one utility operated and the other an industrial facility that generates power for its own use, are both located in northern Nevada. They are among the 10 largest power plants by generation in the state and they consumed about 1.6 million tons of coal in 2022.99,100 The North Valmy Generating Station is Nevada's only remaining utility-owned coal-fired power plant. It receives coal shipped by rail from mines in Wyoming, Utah, and Colorado. The TS Power industrial coal-fired power plant receives the coal it needs by truck and rail from Utah.101,102 Annual total coal consumption in Nevada in 2021 was about one-fifth the amount used in the state in 2001.103

Energy on tribal lands

Nevada has 19 federally recognized tribes and is home to more than 50,000 Native Americans.104,105 There are a total of 32 reservations or tribal colonies in the state.106 The largest of the state's reservations covers almost a half-million acres, but most of Nevada's reservations are small, and the state's tribal areas cover about 1.2 million acres in total, which is less than 2% of the state.107,108

Tribal lands, like most of Nevada, have abundant solar resources, and solar energy is the primary renewable energy resource used by the state's tribes.109 Nevada's Moapa River Indian Reservation is the site of the nation's first utility-scale solar power plant built on tribal land. Construction of the 250-megawatt Moapa Southern Paiute Solar Project—located about 30 miles northeast of Las Vegas on land leased from the Moapa Tribe—began in 2014, and the facility became fully operational in 2017. It is one of the largest solar installations in Nevada.110,111 The project's solar power is sold to the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, and the Moapa Band of Paiutes receives revenues from the project.112 A second, larger, solar power plant is under construction on the reservation. The 300-megawatt Eagle Shadow Mountain project is scheduled for completion in August 2023.113 Two other large solar projects are also in development on the Moapa reservation. The 300-megawatt Southern Bighorn Solar Project has received final approval and the 200-megawatt Arrow Canyon Solar Project is complete but is not yet operational.114,115 Other Nevada tribes also have built solar projects on their reservations. The Washoe Tribe of Nevada and California installed seven ground-mounted small-scale solar PV projects at community buildings on tribal land.116 The Yerington Paiute Tribe created an energy plan and has installed solar panels as it works toward a goal of energy self-sufficiency. Ground-mounted solar panels provide power to several buildings as well as to well pumps used for irrigation and at a water treatment plant on the reservation.117,118

Geothermal energy potential also exists on Nevada's tribal lands. The Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe's reservation near Reno, the largest reservation in Nevada, and the Walker River reservation are ranked among the top five reservations in the nation with the greatest potential for geothermal-sourced electricity generation.119 The Pyramid Lake tribe investigated their reservation's geothermal resource potential. Although the reservation is in an area where other non-tribal geothermal power plants are located, the reservation's geothermal resources have not been developed, and there are no geothermal projects on Nevada's tribal lands.120,121,122

Endnotes

1 NETSTATE, The State of Nevada, updated July 28, 2017.
2 NETSTATE, Nevada Economy, updated December 19, 2017.
3 U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Nevada Profile Data, Environment, accessed March 18, 2023.
4 NETSTATE, Nevada, The Geography of Nevada, The Land, updated February 25, 2016.
5 National Park Service, Great Basin National Park, Nevada, The Great Basin, updated April 22, 2021.
6 Nebraska Energy Office, Comparison of Solar Power Potential by State, accessed March 18, 2023.
7 Roberts, Billy, Geothermal Resource of the United States, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (February 22, 2018).
8 NV Energy, Geothermal Resources, accessed March 18, 2023.
9 U.S. EIA, Electric Power Monthly (February 2022), Table 6.2.B.
10 Nag, Oishimaya Sen, "States That Receive the Least Amount of Rain," World Atlas (April 29, 2019).
11 U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Hoover Dam, Frequently Asked Questions and Answers, Hydropower at Hoover Dam, updated August 1, 2018.
12 Nevada Division of Forestry, Nevada Forest Health Highlights 2019, accessed March 18, 2023
13 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, Nevada, All fuels (utility-scale), 2001-22.
14 U.S. EIA, Nevada Profile Data, Reserves, accessed March 18, 2023.
15 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, WINDExchange, Wind Energy In Nevada, accessed March 18, 2023.
16 U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2022, Lithium, p. 100.
17 Dentzer, Bill, "Nevada's Next Boom, High Demand Poised to Spur Silver State's Lithium Production," Las Vegas Review-Journal (October 2, 2021).
18 Angueira, Gabriela Aoun, "Construction starts on Nevada's Thacker Pass lithium mine," High Country News (March 6, 2023).
19 NETSTATE, Nevada Economy, updated December 19, 2017.
20 U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2022, Gold, p. 73.
21 Online Nevada Encyclopedia, Comstock Lode, accessed March 18, 2023.
22 World Population Review, Fastest Growing States 2023, accessed March 18, 2023.
23 Statista, Population density in the U.S. by federal states including the District of Columbia in 2021, accessed March 18, 2023.
24 Congressional Research Service, Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data, updated February 21, 2020, p. 7-10.
25 U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management, BLM Nevada, accessed March 18, 2023.
26 Nevada Governor's Office of Economic Development, Key Industries, accessed March 18, 2023.
27 U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Economy at a Glance, Nevada, accessed March 18, 2023.
28 U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Databases, Tables & Calculators by Subject, Nevada, 2013-23.
29 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C1, Energy Consumption Overview: Estimates by Energy Source and End-Use Sector, 2020.
30 U.S. Census Bureau, QuickFacts, Clark County, Nevada, Nevada, United States, Population, Census, July 1, 2021.
31 U.S. EIA, Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS), 2020 RECS Survey Data, State Data, Highlights for air conditioning in U.S. homes by state, 2020.
32 Thompson, Jeff, "Nevada's Extremes Reign Supreme," The CoCoRaHS ‘State Climates' Series, accessed March 20, 2023.
33 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C14, Total Energy Consumption Estimates per Capita by End-Use Sector, Ranked by State, 2020.
34 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C12, Total Energy Consumption, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Energy Consumption per Real Dollar of GDP, Ranked by State, 2020.
35 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table P3, Total Primary Energy Production and Total Energy Consumption Estimates in Trillion Btu, 2020.
36 U.S. EIA, Nevada Electricity Profile 2021, Tables 2A, 2B.
37 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation all sectors, Nevada, Fuel Type (Check all), Annual, 2022.
38 NV Energy, Chuck Lenzie Generating Station, updated May 2017.
39 U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Hoover Dam, Frequently Asked Questions and Answers, Hydropower at Hoover Dam, updated August 1, 2018.
40 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation all sectors, Nevada, Fuel Type (Check all), Annual, 2022.
41 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation all sectors, Nevada, All fuels, Coal, Small-scale solar photovoltaic, Annual, 2001-22.
42 U.S. EIA, Electricity, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Retired Generators as of February 2023 and Inventory of Operating Generators as of February 2023.
43 NV Energy, Our Power Supply, NV Energy-Owned Generating Resources, accessed March 21, 2023.
44 U.S. EIA, Electricity, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of February 2023.
45 Peltier, Robert, "TS Power Plant, Eureka County, Nevada," POWER Magazine (October 15, 2008).
46 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Retail sales of electricity, Nevada, All sectors, Residential, Commercial, Industrial, Transportation, Other, Annual, 2022.
47 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Average retail price or electricity, Geography (Check all), All sectors, Annual, 2022.
48 U.S. Census Bureau, Nevada, Table B25040, House Heating Fuel, 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.
49 U.S. EIA, Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS), 2020 RECS Survey Data, State Data, Highlights for air conditioning in U.S. homes by state, 2020.
50 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Retail sales of electricity, Nevada, All sectors, Residential, Commercial, Industrial, Transportation, Other, Annual, 2022.
51 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Alternative Fuels Data Center, Electric Vehicle Charging Station Locations, Nevada, Electric, Public, Charger Type-All and DC Fast Charging, accessed March 20, 2023.
52 Nevada Governor's Office of Energy, Nevada Electric Highway (May 16, 2019).
53 U.S. EIA, Nevada Electricity Profile 2021, Table 10, Supply and disposition of electricity, 1990 through 2021.
54 NVEnergy, NV Energy's Clean Energy Commitment, updated November 30, 2020.
55 NVEnergy, "One Nevada Transmission Line Begins Serving Customers," Press Release (January 23, 2014).
56 TransWest Express LLC, Critical grid infrastructure to connect the West, accessed March 20, 2023.
57 TransWest Express LLC, Schedule and timeline, accessed March 20, 2023.
58 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, Nevada, All fuels, Conventional hydroelectric, Other renewables, Wind, Geothermal, Biomass, All solar, All utility-scale solar, Small-scale solar photovoltaic, Utility-scale thermal, Annual, 2010-22.
59 Nebraska Energy Office, Comparison of Solar Power Potential by State, accessed March 21, 2023.
60 U.S. EIA, Electric Power Monthly (February 2023), Tables 1.17.B, 1.18.B, 6.2.B.
61 U.S. EIA, Electric Power Monthly (February 2023), Table 1.16.B.
62 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, Nevada, Conventional hydroelectric, Other renewables, Small-scale solar photovoltaic, Geothermal, Annual, 2022.
63 Richter, Alexander, Stillwater, NV - triple hybrid geothermal and solar plant, Think Geoenergy (May 7, 2021).
64 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, Nevada, Conventional hydroelectric, Other renewables, Wind, All solar, Geothermal, Biomass, Annual 2022.
65 U.S. EIA, Nevada Electricity Profile 2021, Tables 2A, 2B.
66 U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Hoover Dam, Hoover Dam Historical Information, updated February 8, 2017.
67 U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Hoover Dam, Frequently Asked Questions and Answers, Hydropower at Hoover Dam, updated August 1, 2018.
68 U.S. EIA, Electricity, Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (EIA-860A/860B), 2021 Form EIA-860 Data, Schedule 3, 'Generator Data' (Operable Units Only), Hoover Dam (AZ) and Hoover Dam (NV).
69 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, WINDExchange, Nevada 80-Meter Wind Resource Map, accessed March 22, 2023.
70 Congressional Research Service, Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data, updated February 21, 2020, p. 7-9.
71 U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Rights-of-Way, accessed March 22, 2023.
72 U.S. EIA, Electricity, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of February 2023 and Inventory of Planned Generators as of February 2023).
73 State of Nevada Public Utilities Commission, Renewable Portfolio Standard, accessed March 22, 2023.
74 NC Clean Energy Technology Center, DSIRE, Nevada Renewable Portfolio Standard, updated May 19, 2021.
75 U.S. EIA, Crude Oil Proved Reserves, Reserves Changes, and Production, Annual, Proved Reserves as of December 31, 2015-20.
76 U.S. EIA, Crude Oil Production, Annual Thousand Barrels, 2017-22.
77 University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, Oil & Gas Historical Summary, accessed March 22, 2023.
78 U.S. EIA, Nevada Field Production of Crude Oil, 1981-2022.
79 U.S. EIA, Number and Capacity of Petroleum Refineries, Nevada, Annual (as of January 1), 2017-22.
80 U.S. EIA, Production Capacity of Operable Petroleum Refineries, Nevada, Annual (as of January 1), 2017-22.
81 Holly Energy Partners, UNEV Pipeline, accessed March 22, 2023.
82 Kinder Morgan, Products Pipelines, SFPP and CALNEV Pipeline, accessed March 22, 2023.
83 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F16, Total Petroleum Consumption Estimates, 2020.
84 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, State Winter Oxygenated Fuel Program Requirements for Attainment or Maintenance of CO NAAQS, EPA420-B-08-006 (January 2008).
85 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gasoline Standards, Gasoline Reid Vapor Pressure, accessed March 22, 2023.
86 U.S. EIA, U.S. Fuel Ethanol Plant Production Capacity, U.S. fuel ethanol plant count by state, 2022.
87 U.S. EIA, Movements of Crude Oil and Selected Products by Rail between PAD Districts, Fuel Ethanol, Annual, 2017-22.
88 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F16, Total Petroleum Consumption Estimates, 2020.
89 U.S. Census Bureau, Nevada, Table B25040, House Heating Fuel, 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.
90 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C15, Petroleum Consumption, Total and per Capita, Ranked by State, 2020.
91 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Reserves Summary as of December 31, 2016-21, Dry Natural Gas.
92 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Production, Nevada, Annual, 2016-21.
93 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Consumption by End Use, Nevada, Annual, 2017-22.
94 Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, Oil and Gas Resources, Natural Gas, accessed March 22, 2023.
95 U.S. EIA, International and Interstate Movements of Natural Gas by State, Nevada, Annual, 2016-21.
96 U.S. Census Bureau, Nevada, Table B25040, House Heating Fuel, 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.
97 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Consumption by End Use, Nevada, Annual, 2017-22.
98 U.S. EIA, Nevada, Profile Data, Reserves and Supply & Distribution, accessed March 22, 2023.
99 U.S. EIA, Nevada Electricity Profile 2021, Table 2B.
100 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Consumption for electricity generation for electric power, Nevada, Coal, Annual, 2022.
101 U.S. EIA, Electricity, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of February 2023.
102 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Distribution Report 2021 (October 2022), Nevada, Table DS-24, Domestic Coal Distribution, by Destination State, 2021.
103 U.S. EIA, Coal Data Browser, Total Consumption, Nevada, Annual, 2001-21.
104 U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs, "Indian Entities Recognized and Eligible to Receive Services from the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs," Federal Register, Vol. 88, No. 8, Thursday, January 12, 2023, Notices, p. 2012-16.
105 U.S. Census Bureau, Quick Facts Nevada, accessed March 23, 2023.
106 Nevada Indian Commission, Map of Nevada Tribes, Indian Reservations and Colonies of Nevada, accessed March 23, 2023.
107 Nevada Legislature, Nevada's Great Basin Tribes, accessed March 24, 2023.
108 NETSTATE, The Geography of Nevada, Total Area, updated February 25, 2016.
109 Roberts, Billy J., Direct Normal Solar Irradiance, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (February 22, 2018).
110 Lott, Melissa C., "First utility-scale solar project on tribal land breaks ground in Nevada," Scientific American (April 5, 2014).
111 Gagiuc, Anca, "Moapa Southern Paiute Solar Project Begins Operation," Commercial Property Executive (March 22, 2017).
112 U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Center for Innovative Finance Support, Project Profile: Moapa Southern Paiute Solar Project, Clark County, Nevada, accessed March 25, 2023.
113 "8minutenergy and NV Energy Announce Largest Solar Project on Tribal Land," Renewable Energy Magazine (May 31, 2018).
114 U.S. EIA, Electricity, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of February 2023, and Inventory of Planned Generators as of February 2023.
115 U.S. Department of the Interior, "Interior Department Advances Two Solar Energy Projects on Tribal Lands," Press Release (July 16, 2021).
116 U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Indian Energy Policy and Programs, Project Reports for Washoe Tribe of Nevada and California, 2015 Project, Washoe Tribe Clean Energy Project, Final Technical Report (March 18, 2016).
117 Yerington Paiute Tribe Energy Plan (March 2014), p. 2.
118 Black Rock Solar, Installations, Search, Results For: Yerington Paiute Tribe, accessed March 25, 2023.
119 U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Indian Energy, Developing Clean Energy Projects on Tribal Lands, Data and Resources for Tribes, DOE/IE-0012 (December 2012), p. 26.
120 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Geothermal Technologies Office 2013 Peer Review, Comprehensive Evaluation of the Geothermal Resource Potential within the Pyramid Lake Paiute Reservation (April 23, 2013).
121 Noel, Donna Marie, "Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe Geothermal Energy Project," accessed March 25, 2023.
122 U.S. EIA, Nevada Profile Overview, View the interactive map, Indian Lands and Geothermal Power Plant Map Layers, accessed March 25, 2023.