Profile AnalysisPrint State Energy Profile
(overview, data, & analysis)
Last Updated: February 20, 2025
Overview
South Carolina is located on the U.S. East Coast halfway between New York City and Miami. Bordered by North Carolina to the north, Georgia to the south and west, and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, South Carolina experiences humid, hot summers and mild winters.1,2 The state does not have any economically recoverable fossil fuel reserves, but has renewable energy resources and produces considerable amounts of nuclear power.3,4,5 South Carolina's topography gradually rises from its Atlantic Ocean islands in the southeast to the Blue Ridge Mountains in the northwest. Hurricanes and tropical storms occasionally strike South Carolina or come close to its coastline, and they can damage the state's power plants, electric grid, and other energy infrastructure. South Carolina ranks fifth among states that have taken the most direct hits from hurricanes. The coastal plain, which covers two-thirds of South Carolina, is known as the South Carolina Low Country and extends westward across the swamps and flatlands of the outer coastal plain to the fertile low hills of South Carolina's inner coastal plain until it reaches the Fall Line, an area of waterfalls and rapids. The remaining one-third of the state, known as the Up Country, includes the forested hills of the Piedmont region and South Carolina's mountains.6,7,8 The state is crossed by many large rivers that flow from the Up Country to the ocean, and South Carolina's rivers and lakes contain considerable hydropower potential.9 Two-thirds of South Carolina land area is covered with forests, and the wood waste from the state's forests, lumber mills, and wood products industry yields significant biomass resources.10,11 Methane from waste landfills in more densely populated areas provides South Carolina with an additional biomass resource.12
South Carolina uses more than twice as much energy as it produces.
South Carolina consumes more than twice as much energy as it produces, and its energy consumption and energy production each rank near the midpoint of the states.13,14,15 The industrial sector consumes the most energy and accounts for 31% of South Carolina's total energy use.16 Manufacturing activities are a major contributor to South Carolina's GDP and include chemicals; motor vehicle assembly; plastics and rubber; paper manufacturing; machinery; and electrical equipment and computers. Although agriculture contributes less than 1% to South Carolina's GDP, the state has more than 22,000 farms in the state and milk is the state's official beverage.17,18,19 The transportation sector is the second-largest energy-consuming sector and accounts for about 29% of the state's energy use, primarily as motor gasoline and diesel fuel.20,21 South Carolina's coastal islands, beaches, mild winters, and lower cost of living draw new residents, propelling the state into the top five in population growth from 2020 to 2024.22,23 The residential sector consumes 23% of the state's energy and the commercial sector accounts for about 18%.24
Electricity
In 2023, South Carolina ranked third in the nation in nuclear power generation.
Nuclear energy is the leading source of electricity generation in South Carolina and produced 55% of total in-state electricity in 2023.25 South Carolina ranks third in the nation, after Illinois and Pennsylvania, in both nuclear power generating capacity and the amount of electricity generated by nuclear energy.26 The state has a total of seven operating reactors at four nuclear power plants.27 Four of the five largest power plants by generation in South Carolina are nuclear.28 One of these plants, the H.B. Robinson Nuclear Plant, was the first commercial nuclear power plant in the Southeast and was the largest U.S. generating plant when it came online in 1971.29 Santee Cooper, the largest state-owned electric and water utility in South Carolina, is seeking proposals to acquire the two partially constructed generating units at the V.C. Summer Nuclear Station. Interest is due, in part, to increasing demand for electricity for data centers.30
Natural gas fuels four of South Carolina's ten largest power plants by both capacity and generation.31 The amount of electricity generated in the state from natural gas more than doubled between 2013 and 2023, with natural gas accounting for 23% of the state's generation in 2023. Natural gas-fired generation exceeded the state's coal-fired generation for the first time in 2018. In 2023, South Carolina's four coal-fired power plants accounted for 15% of total generation, almost half as much electricity as coal provided in 2013. The state's second-largest coal-fired power plant, with 1,130 megawatts in generating capacity, is scheduled to close at the end of 2030.32,33 Two of the state's four coal-fired plants will be replaced by natural-gas fired units when they are retired.34 Almost all of the state's remaining electricity generation, about 7%, was provided by renewable resources, including solar power, hydroelectric power, and biomass consisting of wood waste and landfill gas.35,36
South Carolina generates about two-tenths more electricity than it consumes and sends its surplus power across the regional grid to other states.37 South Carolina ranks among the top one-fifth of the states in per capita residential electricity sales, in part because of the high demand for air conditioning during the state's hot and humid summer months, where 95% of homes use air conditioning.38,39 The residential sector accounts for the largest share of electricity sales at 38% of the state's total. About 7 in 10 South Carolina households use electricity as their primary energy source for home heating. The state ranks 9th in the nation in average electricity use per household for air conditioning.40,41,42 South Carolina ranks among the top 10 states in residential sector per capita electricity use.43
In November 2024, South Carolina had 579 public electric vehicle charging locations.44
Petroleum
South Carolina has no crude oil reserves or production nor any petroleum refineries in the state.45,46 All petroleum products arrive from out of state or from overseas, and most enter South Carolina at the Port of Charleston or by way of two major refined product pipelines from the Gulf Coast: the Colonial Pipeline and the PPL Pipeline. These pipelines deliver refined products at several locations in the state on their way to the Northeast from the Gulf Coast.47,48,49
South Carolina has the second lowest motor gasoline price in the nation.
South Carolina's total and per capita petroleum consumption rank near the middle of all the states.50 The transportation sector consumes about 9 out of 10 barrels of the petroleum used in the state, most of which is motor gasoline and diesel fuel.51,52 South Carolina is among the top one-fourth of states in per capita motor gasoline expenditures, in part because of sales to nonresidents who travel on the state's major interstate corridors along the Eastern Seaboard. The state has the second lowest average motor gasoline price in the nation, after Georgia.53,54 The sale of conventional gasoline without ethanol is allowed statewide, although most gasoline sold in the United States is blended with at least 10% ethanol.55,56,57 South Carolina has no fuel ethanol production plants, but the state accounts for about 2% of U.S. ethanol consumption.58,59 South Carolina produces no biodiesel, but the state consumes almost 8 million gallons yearly, equal to less than 1% of U.S. total biodiesel use.60,61 Only 4 in 100 South Carolina households rely on petroleum products, mainly propane, for home heating.62
Natural gas
South Carolina has no economically recoverable natural gas reserves or production.63,64 All natural gas consumed in the state arrives by way of interstate pipelines. Several major interstate pipeline systems transport natural gas from the Gulf Coast, and the supply enters South Carolina through Georgia.65 Slightly more than half of the natural gas that South Carolina receives continues to northern markets through North Carolina and to the south through Georgia.66
Natural gas consumption by South Carolina’s electric power sector more than doubled in the last decade.
South Carolina's per capita natural gas consumption ranks among the lowest one-fourth of the states, but its total natural gas use is near the midpoint of the states.67 Over the past decade, natural gas use in South Carolina has increased the most in the electric power sector, where natural gas consumption more than doubled from 2013 to 2023.68,69 South Carolina's electric power sector use of natural gas has exceeded that of any other energy-consuming sector since 2009 and accounted for 55% of the state's total natural gas consumption in 2023. Industrial sector natural gas demand remained above 95 billion cubic feet for the sixth consecutive year and accounted for 28% of the state's total natural gas use. The residential sector accounted for 9% of the state's natural gas consumption.70 Winters are generally mild, and overall demand for heating in the state is relatively low.71 About one in four households in the state use natural gas for home heating.72 The commercial sector made up 7% of the state's natural gas use.73
Renewable energy
In 2023, South Carolina’s total solar power generation was more than four times greater than in 2018.
Solar energy at both utility-scale (1 megawatt or larger) and small-scale (less than 1 megawatt) facilities, hydropower, and biomass are South Carolina's primary renewable resources used for generating electricity and accounted for 7% of total in-state net generation in 2023.74 An increasing amount of South Carolina's renewable electricity generation comes from solar energy, which surpassed biomass-fueled generation in 2020 for the first time and conventional hydropower in 2021. Solar power accounted for 3% of the state's total net generation in 2023, with total solar electricity generation more than four times greater than in 2018. Utility-scale solar has grown faster than small-scale solar over the last five years, adding 219 megawatts in generating capacity in 2023 and providing 82% of total solar power in the state. An additional 1,600 megawatts of solar generating capacity is scheduled to come online in the state by 2026.75,76
South Carolina has 33 utility-scale hydroelectric generating plants in South Carolina, including 3 large pumped-storage facilities—one of which is the fourth-largest generating facility in the state, with 1,680 megawatts of generating capacity. South Carolina is third among the states with the most pumped-storage hydropower capacity, about 13% of the U.S. total.77,78,79 Pumped-storage hydroelectric plants generate electricity during peak demand periods, when power prices are higher, using water pumped into an elevated storage reservoir during off-peak periods and then releasing it to flow back to a lower reservoir through turbine generators when additional power is needed.80 Most of the conventional hydroelectric facilities, which accounted for 2% of net generation in 2023, are located in the northwestern part of the state.81,82
South Carolina ranks among the top 10 states in total biomass-fueled generation, which accounted for about 2% of the state's generation in 2023.83,84 With nearly 13 million acres of forest that cover about two-thirds of the state, forestry is a leading industry in South Carolina, and there are eight utility-scale power plants in the state that burn wood and wood waste for generating electricity.85,86,87 The state's biomass resources also provide feedstock for one wood pellet manufacturing plant, with a production capacity of about 551,000 tons per year, about 4% of the U.S. total. A second plant, with a production capacity of 32,000 tons per year as of October 2024, is temporarily not in operation.88
South Carolina has nine landfill gas-fueled generating facilities. In 2001, Santee Cooper became the first utility in the state to produce electricity with methane gas from landfills.89,90 The state's first utility-scale anaerobic digester project came online in 2011 and generates power from methane gas captured from manure at a hog farm. Two plants using poultry waste came online in 2013 and 2015.91 The state's first renewable natural gas (RNG) project began in 2023 converting landfill gas into RNG, which is distributed through the local natural gas pipeline system.92,93 South Carolina also has biomass resources in the form of agricultural residues from corn, cotton, wheat, and soybean crops.94
South Carolina does not have substantial onshore wind energy resources, but it does have offshore wind potential.95 In May 2022, the U.S. Department of the Interior leased two areas for wind power development in federal waters located off the North Carolina-South Carolina border coastline, in the Carolina Long Bay.96 While the state does not currently have any installed utility-scale wind generating capacity, it has several manufacturers and assemblers of wind turbine components.97 In January 2025, the federal government temporarily withdrew all federal offshore areas from leasing for wind energy development.98 South Carolina also has low-temperature geothermal resources, but they are mostly used for geothermal heat pumps that provide heating and cooling in commercial and residential buildings.99
In 2014, South Carolina's legislature authorized the creation of a voluntary Distributed Energy Resource Program to increase in-state renewable electricity generating capacity. The program's goals were met when renewables fueled 12% of the state's total utility-scale generating capacity at facilities at the end of 2021.100,101 The share of South Carolina's renewable generating capacity increased to 14% of the total generating capacity by the end of 2023.102 The state also provides financial incentives for households and businesses to install solar panel systems and geothermal heat pumps.103,104
Coal
South Carolina has no coal production and no economically recoverable coal reserves.105 Coal is used in the state almost exclusively for electricity generation.106 By 2023, in-state coal-fired generation had declined by almost 40% since 2013.107 Almost all the coal needed for the coal-fired power plants arrives by rail from Kentucky, Illinois, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. The industrial sector also receives a small amount of coal.108 The Port of Charleston used to handle significant shipments of coal, but now it only exports minor amounts, only 3 short tons in 2023, and the port saw no imports in 2023.109,110
Endnotes
1 WorldAtlas, North America, United States, Maps of South Carolina, updated January 18, 2024.
2 North Carolina Institute for Climate Studies, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, State Climate Summaries 2022, South Carolina.
3 U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), South Carolina Profile Data, Reserves, Supply & Distribution, Environment, accessed January 16, 2025.
4 National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Geospatial Data Science Data and Tools, Biomass, Geothermal, Solar, Wind, accessed January 3, 2024.
5 U.S. EIA, U.S. Energy Atlas, All Energy Infrastructure and Resources, South Carolina, Renewable Resources, Fossil Resources, accessed January 16, 2025.
6 Alund, Natalie Neysa, "Top 5 states hit by hurricanes most often: See how many they've had since 1851," USA Today (December 20, 2024).
7 NETSTATE, South Carolina, The Geography of South Carolina, accessed January 16, 2025.
8 World Atlas, Maps of South Carolina, updated January 18, 2024.
9 South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, South Carolina State Water Assessment, Chapter 9, Special Topics (2009).
10 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Forestry in South Carolina, accessed January 16, 2025.
11 South Carolina Department of Commerce, Wood/Biomass, accessed January 16, 2025.
12 U.S. EIA, Renewable Electricity Infrastructure and Resources Dashboard, Filter by State: South Carolina, Filter by Primary Energy Source: Biomass, accessed January 17, 2025.
13 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table P3, Total Primary Energy Production and Total Energy Consumption Estimates in Trillion Btu, 2022.
14 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C10, Total Energy Consumption Estimates, Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Energy Consumption Estimates per Real Dollar of GDP, Ranked by State, 2022.
15 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table P5B, Primary Energy Production Estimates, Renewable and Total Energy, in Trillion Btu, Ranked by State, 2022.
16 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F35, Total Energy Consumption, Price, and Expenditure Estimates, 2022.
17 U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Interactive Data Tables, Regional Data, GDP and Personal Income, Annual Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by State, SAGDP2 GDP in current dollars, South Carolina, All statistics in table, 2023.
18 U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2023 State Agriculture Overview South Carolina, updated January 16, 2025.
19 Discover South Carolina, Discover South Carolina's State Drink: Milk, accessed January 16, 2025.
20 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F35, Total Energy Consumption, Price, and Expenditure Estimates, 2022.
21 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C3, Primary Energy Consumption Estimates, 2022.
22 Price, Leah, "Strong In-Migration to South Carolina in Recent Years," South Carolina Department of Employment and Workforce (January 23, 2024).
23 U.S. Census Bureau, National Population Totals and Components of Change: 2020-2024, Tables, Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, District of Columbia and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2020 and July 1, 2024 (NST-EST2024-POP) in XLSX.
24 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F35, Total Energy Consumption, Price, and Expenditure Estimates, 2022.
25 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, South Carolina, 2001-23.
26 U.S. EIA, Electric Power Annual (October 17, 2024), Table 3.13, Utility Scale Facility Net Generation from Nuclear Energy, Table 4.7.A, Net Summer Capacity of Utility Scale Units by Technology and by State, 2023 and 2022 (Megawatts).
27 U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, South Carolina, update June 28, 2023.
28 U.S. EIA, South Carolina Electricity Profile 2023, Table 2B, Ten largest plants by generation, 2023, as XLSX file.
29 Duke Energy Corporation, Nuclear Education, Robinson Nuclear, a pioneer in nuclear energy (October 22, 2013).
30 Santee Cooper, "Santee Cooper Seeking Proposals to Acquire and Finish V.C. Summer Nuclear Station Expansion," Press Release (January 22, 2025).
31 U.S. EIA, South Carolina Electricity Profile 2023, Table 2A, Ten largest plants by capacity, 2023, and Table 2B, The largest power plants by generation, 2023, in XLSX format.
32 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, South Carolina, 2001-23.
33 U.S. EIA, Electricity, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of December 2024, Plant State: South Carolina, Technology: Conventional Steam Coal.
34 Alfini, Michelle, "Regulators give Duke Energy the goahead for new gas plants to replace two coal-fired facilities," WSOC-TV (January 7, 2025).
35 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, South Carolina, 2001-23.
36 U.S. EIA, Electricity, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of December 2024, Plant State: South Carolina, Technology: Wood/Wood Waste Biomass, Landfill Gas.
37 U.S. EIA, South Carolina Electricity Profile 2023, Table 10, Supply and disposition of electricity, 1990 through 2023, South Carolina.
38 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C17, Electricity Sales to Ultimate Customers, Total and Residential, Total and per Capita, Ranked by State, 2022.
39 U.S. EIA, 2020 RECS Survey Data, State Data, Housing characteristics, Highlights for air conditioning in U.S. homes by state, 2020.
40 U.S. Electricity Data Browser, Retail sales of electricity, South Carolina, 2001-23.
41 U.S. Census Bureau, Tables, Table B25040, House Heating Fuel, South Carolina, 2023 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.
42 U.S. EIA, 2020 RECS Survey Data, State Data, Consumption & expenditures, Table CE4.6EL.ST, Electricity consumption by end use by state - averages, 2020.
43 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C17, Electricity Sales to Ultimate Customers, Total and Residential, Total and per Capita, Ranked by State, 2022.
44 U.S. EIA, Monthly Energy Review (December 2024), Appendix F monthly state file, XLS, Public Ports only and Public & Private Ports combined.
45 U.S. EIA, South Carolina Profile Data, Reserves, Supply & Distribution, accessed January 21, 2025.
46 U.S. EIA, Number and Capacity of Petroleum Refineries, PAD District 1, 2019-24.
47 U.S. EIA, Petroleum and Other Liquids, Company Level Imports, in XLSX format, October 2022 to October 2024.
48 Colonial Pipeline Company, System Map, accessed January 21, 2025.
49 Kinder Morgan, Inc., Products Pipelines, Overview, Southeast Operations, accessed January 21, 2025.
50 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C15, Petroleum Consumption Estimates, Total and per Capita, Ranked by State, 2022.
51 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F16, Total Petroleum Consumption Estimates, 2022.
52 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C2, Energy Consumption Estimates for Selected Energy Sources in Physical Units, 2022.
53 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table E20, Motor Gasoline Price and Expenditure Estimates, Ranked by State, 2022.
54 U.S. Department of Commerce, Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics 2022, Table 5.4.1. (VM-2).
55 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gasoline Standards, Reformulated Gasoline, accessed January 21, 2025.
56 American Petroleum Institute, U.S. Gasoline Requirements, U.S Gasoline RVP Requirements for summer 2025 (May 1-Sep. 15 at terminal and June 1 to Sep. 15 at retail), accessed January 21, 2025.
57 U.S. EIA, "New EPA ruling expands sale of 15% ethanol blended motor gasoline," Today in Energy (July 16, 2019).
58 U.S. EIA, South Carolina Profile Data, Environment, Renewable Energy Production, Fuel Ethanol Production, 2022.
59 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F29, Fuel Ethanol Consumption Estimates, 2022.
60 U.S. EIA, Petroleum & Other Liquids, U.S. Biodiesel Plant Production Capacity (August 15, 2024), Detailed annual production capacity by plant is available in XLSX format.
61 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F30, Biodiesel Consumption Estimates, 2022.
62 U.S. Census Bureau, Tables, Table B25040, House Heating Fuel, South Carolina, 2023 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.
63 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Reserves Summary as of Dec. 31, Wet NG, 2016-21.
64 U.S. EIA, South Carolina Profile Data, Supply & Distribution, Production, Natural Gas - Marketed, accessed January 22, 2025.
65 U.S. EIA, U.S. Energy Atlas, All Energy Infrastructure and Resources, South Carolina, accessed January 22, 2025.
66 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas, International and Interstate Movements of Natural Gas by State, South Carolina, 2018-23.
67 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C16, Natural Gas Consumption Estimates, Total and per Capita, Ranked by State, 2022.
68 U.S. EIA, South Carolina Natural Gas Deliveries to Electric Power Consumers 1997-2023.
69 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Consumption by End Use, South Carolina, Annual, 1997-23.
70 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Consumption by End Use, South Carolina, Annual, 1997-23.
71 Mizzell, Hope, "Low Country, Upstate and a Lot of Weather in Between-South Carolina's Climate," CoCoRaHS ‘State Climates' Series, accessed January 22, 2025.
72 U.S. Census Bureau, Tables, Table B25040, House Heating Fuel, South Carolina, 2023 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.
73 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Consumption by End Use, South Carolina, Annual, 2018-23.
74 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, annual, South Carolina, 2001-23.
75 U.S. EIA, Electricity, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of December 2024, Inventory of Planned Generators as of December 2024, Plant State: South Carolina, Technology: Solar Photovoltaic.
76 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, South Carolina, 2001-23.
77 U.S. EIA, Electricity, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of December 2024, Plant State: South Carolina, Technology: Conventional Hydroelectric, Hydroelectric Pumped Storage.
78 U.S. EIA, South Carolina Electricity Profile 2023, Table 2A, Ten largest plants by capacity, 2023.
79 U.S. EIA, Hydropower explained, Where hydropower is generated, updated June 21, 2024.
80 U.S. EIA, Energy Explained, Hydropower explained, Hydroelectric power is produced with moving water, Pumped-storage hydropower facilities, updated April 20, 2023.
81 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, South Carolina, 2001-23.
82 U.S. EIA, Renewable Electricity Infrastructure and Resources Dashboard, Filter by State: South Carolina, Filter by Primary Energy Source: Hydroelectric, Hydro - Pumped Storage, accessed January 23, 2025.
83 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, South Carolina, 2001-23.
84 U.S. EIA, Electric Power Annual (October 17, 2024), Table 3.19, Utility Scale Facility Net Generation from Biomass by State, by Sector, 2023 and 2022 (Thousand Megawatthours).
85 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forests of South Carolina, 2020.
86 South Carolina Forestry Commission, The Economic Impact of South Carolina's Forestry Industry (October 2022), Executive Summary.
87 U.S. EIA, Electricity, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of December 2024, South Carolina, Technology: Wood/Wood Waste Biomass.
88 U.S. EIA, Monthly Densified Biomass Fuel Report, Table 1, Densified biomass fuel manufacturing facilities in the United States by state, region, and capacity, October 2024.
89 U.S. EIA, Electricity, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of December 2024, Plant State: South Carolina, Technology: Landfill Gas.
90 Santee Cooper, "Santee Cooper Provides 20 Years of Green Power," Press Release (September 13, 2021).
91 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Livestock Anaerobic Digester Database, South Carolina, accessed January 23, 2025.
92 "The Landfill Group: South Carolina RNG Project Now Operational," Biomass Magazine (July 25, 2023).
93 "South Carolina Gets Its First RNG Project," Gas Compression Magazine (August 9, 2023).
94 Harris, Robert A. and Tim Adams, Potential for Biomass Energy Development in South Carolina, p. 25, accessed January 21, 2025.
95 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, WINDExchange, Wind Energy in South Carolina, Maps & Data, accessed January 23, 2025.
96 U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, South Carolina Activities, accessed January 23, 2025.
97 Southeastern Wind Coalition, Offshore Wind in South Carolina, accessed January 23, 2025.
98 The White House, "Temporary Withdrawal of All Areas on the Outer Continental Shelf From Offshore Wind Leasing and Review of the Federal Government's Leasing and Permitting Practices for Wind Projects," Press Release (January 20, 2025).
99 South Carolina Energy Office, Renewable Energy, Geothermal, accessed January 17, 2024.
100 NC Clean Energy Technology Center, DSIRE, South Carolina Distributed Energy Resource Program, updated December 5, 2023.
101 U.S. EIA, Electric Power Annual 2021 (November 7, 2022), Previous Issues, Table 4.7.A, Net Summer Capacity of Utility Scale Units by Technology and by State, 2021 and 2020 (Megawatts).
102 U.S. EIA, Electric Power Annual (October 17, 2024), Table 4.7.A, Net Summer Capacity of Utility Scale Units by Technology and by State, 2023 and 2022 (Megawatts).
103 NC Clean Energy Technology Center, DSIRE, South Carolina, Solar Energy, Small Hydropower, and Geothermal Tax Credit (Personal), updated March 8, 2024.
104 NC Clean Energy Technology Center, DSIRE, South Carolina, Solar Energy, Small Hydropower, and Geothermal Tax Credit (Corporate), updated March 8, 2024.
105 U.S. EIA, South Carolina Profile Data, Reserves, Supply & Distribution, accessed January 16, 2025.
106 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report (October 30, 2024), Table 26, U.S. Coal Consumption by End Use Sector, Census Division, and State, 2023 and 2022.
107 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, South Carolina, 2001-23.
108 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Distribution Report (October 30, 2024), Domestic distribution of U.S. coal by destination state, consumer, destination and method of transportation, South Carolina, Table DS-34, Domestic Coal Distribution, by Destination State, 2023.
109 SC Picture Project, Charleston Coal Tipple, accessed January 28, 2025.
110 U.S. EIA, Quarterly Coal Report (January 3, 2025), Table 13, U.S. Coal Exports by Customs District, and Table 20, Coal Imports by Customs District.