Profile AnalysisPrint State Energy Profile
(overview, data, & analysis)
Last Updated: December 21, 2023
Overview
New Jersey plays a major role in the supply of energy to the entire Northeast region.
New Jersey is the most densely populated state in the nation at nearly 1,300 residents per square mile.1 Despite its extensive Atlantic Ocean beaches and its northern highlands that are part of the Appalachian chain, New Jersey is the only state where every county is considered urban by the U.S. Census Bureau.2 Even though it is the fourth-smallest state by land area, New Jersey plays a major role in the supply of energy to the entire Northeast region.3 Shipping terminals on the Delaware River on the state's western boundary and at the New York-New Jersey harbor have extensive connecting pipeline, rail, and storage terminals that make the state a hub for the distribution of petroleum products throughout the northeastern states.4 Although the state has no fossil energy reserves, it has some renewable resources, primarily solar and biomass from landfills and other municipal solid wastes.5,6,7,8
New Jersey is located on the Atlantic coast between New York, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. It was nicknamed the Garden State in 1876 because of its role in food production for the nearby major cities at the time.9 Today, the state lies along the heavily traveled East Coast transportation corridor, and New Jersey has more miles of roadway per square mile of land area than any other state. The petroleum-dependent transportation sector consumes more energy than any other sector in the state.10 Many New Jersey residents commute to work in the New York City or Philadelphia metropolitan areas, and the state has some of the nation's longest average commute times.11 Long commutes contributed to the transportation sector, accounting for about one-third of the state's energy consumption in 2021. Even with the moderating impacts of the ocean on New Jersey's varied climate, the residential sector followed closely, at almost three-tenths of state energy use, and the commercial sector consumed more than one-fourth. Despite New Jersey's energy-intensive chemical manufacturing, food and beverage manufacturing, and petroleum refining industries, the industrial sector's energy consumption accounted for just 12% of the state's total energy use.12,13 New Jersey is among the 10 states with the highest gross domestic product (GDP) and has been for the last 50 years.14 The state is also among the 10 states that use the lowest amount of energy per dollar of GDP. In 2021, New Jersey's per capita total energy consumption was less than in all but 10 other states.15,16
Petroleum
New Jersey does not have any crude oil production or reserves, but the state has two operating oil refineries.17 Those two refineries have a combined capacity of about 418,500 barrels per calendar day and produce a wide range of refined petroleum products, including motor gasoline, distillate fuel oil, aviation jet fuel, and petrochemical feedstocks.18 One of the state's refineries is also the largest producer of asphalt on the East Coast.19,20 Four other New Jersey refineries closed between 2010 and 2017.21 Some of the shutdown refinery sites were converted into petroleum storage terminals, using the pipeline, railroad, highway, and marine infrastructure already at those locations.22,23,24
In addition to getting crude oil shipments by rail, New Jersey's refineries receive crude oil imports and petroleum products by tanker from all over the world at the New York-New Jersey Harbor.25 A large part of the harbor, which is the biggest petroleum products hub in the United States with a bulk terminal storage capacity of about 75 million barrels, is on the New Jersey side of the port.26 Several major petroleum product pipelines also cross New Jersey. Colonial Pipeline, the nation's largest refined product pipeline, has its northern terminus in Linden, New Jersey. Colonial supplies petroleum products from Gulf Coast refineries to the New York and New England markets.27 Other pipeline systems distribute refined petroleum products from New Jersey terminals and refineries to upstate New York and Pennsylvania.28,29
New Jersey is the 13th-largest petroleum-consuming state, but the 10th smallest in per capita petroleum use.
New Jersey is the 13th-largest petroleum-consuming state, but it uses less petroleum per capita than all but nine other states.30 The transportation sector accounts for about 80% of the petroleum consumed in the state, almost two-thirds of it as motor gasoline.31,32 New Jersey requires the statewide use of reformulated gasoline blended with ethanol to reduce emissions of smog-forming and toxic pollutants.33 Although the state does not have any ethanol production plants, the New York-New Jersey Harbor area is the primary distribution hub for ethanol supplies for the East Coast.34 Facilities in New Jersey receive ethanol deliveries by rail from the Midwest.35 New Jersey's industrial sector uses about 15% of the petroleum consumed in the state. The residential sector accounts for slightly more than 3%, and about one in nine New Jersey households use petroleum products, mostly heating oil, as their primary source for home heating.36 One of the three storage sites for the 1-million-barrel federal Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve is in New Jersey. The reserve was established in 2000 to avert heating oil shortages in the region during extreme winter weather.37 The commercial sector accounted for the rest, about 3%, of the state's petroleum consumption.38
Natural gas
New Jersey does not produce natural gas, nor does the state have any natural gas reserves.39,40 New Jersey also does not have any natural gas storage fields. About two-fifths of the natural gas that enters New Jersey is not consumed there. Natural gas leaves the state via several interstate pipelines that cross New Jersey and deliver natural gas to New York and New England.41,42 New pipeline projects will bring natural gas produced from Pennsylvania's Marcellus Shale into the Northeast through New Jersey.43,44,45
New Jersey is the nation's 14th largest natural gas consumer. However, in part because of its large population, New Jersey uses less natural gas per capita than almost two-thirds of the states.46 In 2022, New Jersey's electric power sector made up the largest share of natural gas consumption, after briefly falling below the residential sector in 2021 for the first time since 2014. Electricity generation accounted for almost 35% of the state's total natural gas deliveries to consumers. The residential sector closely followed and accounted for about 33% of the state's natural gas consumption. Seven out of ten New Jersey households use natural gas as their primary home heating fuel. The commercial sector used about 21% of the natural gas delivered to consumers, and the industrial sector accounted for nearly 11% of the state total. A small amount of natural gas was consumed by the transportation sector as vehicle fuel and separately for pipeline and distribution use.47,48
Electricity
In 2022, natural gas and nuclear power fueled more than 90% of New Jersey’s total electricity generation.
Natural gas and nuclear energy account for almost all of New Jersey's electricity net generation. In 2022, the two fueled more than 90% of the total electricity produced in the state. Natural gas accounted for about 49% of New Jersey's total electricity generation and nuclear power provided about 42% in 2022.49 Nuclear power's contribution declined in recent years following the permanent shutdown of the state's Oyster Creek single reactor nuclear power plant in 2018. Oyster Creek was the nation's oldest operating power reactor at the time.50,51 Following the closure of Oyster Creek, New Jersey provided financial support for the state's three nuclear power reactors at its two remaining nuclear power plants to prevent their closures.52,53 Renewable resources supplied about 8% of New Jersey's total generation in 2022. Solar energy, at both utility-scale (1 megawatt or larger) and small-scale (less than 1 megawatt) facilities, accounted for almost all of New Jersey's renewable electricity generation. The rest was produced from biomass, with small amounts from wind and hydropower.54 New Jersey's last two coal-fired power plants shut down in 2022, and coal fueled less than 1% of the state's total in-state electricity generation that year, down from 10% in 2010.55,56
New Jersey consumes more electricity than it produces, and in 2022, New Jersey obtained nearly one-fifth of its power from generators in other states by way of the regional grid.57 The commercial sector accounted for half of all electricity use in the state. The residential sector, where one in six households use electricity for heating and even more use air conditioning, accounted for two-fifths.58 Almost all of the rest of the state's electricity went to the industrial sector, although a small amount of electricity is used in the transportation sector, which consists of New Jersey's railways and subway system.59,60 New Jersey's clean energy plan includes a goal to register 330,000 electric vehicles by 2025. As of 2022, the state had 87,000 registered battery electric vehicles and another nearly 27,000 plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The state offers financial incentives for purchasing electric vehicles and for installing charging stations.61,62 As of late 2023, New Jersey had 1,164 public electric vehicle charging stations.63
Renewable energy
In 2022, New Jersey ranked fifth in the nation in electricity generation from small-scale solar power systems.
Renewable resources provide about 8% of New Jersey's total in-state electricity generation, most of it from solar energy. In 2022, solar energy accounted for 87% of the state's renewable generation. More than two-thirds of that is from small-scale (less than 1 megawatt) solar photovoltaic (PV) installations, like rooftop panels, and the rest is from utility-scale solar farms with capacities of 1-megawatt or more.64 Overall, New Jersey ranked eighth among the states in total installed solar photovoltaic (PV) generating capacity, tenth in total solar power generation, and fifth in generation from small-scale solar power systems.65 By September 2023, solar power capacity in New Jersey totaled 3,620 megawatts, and more than two-thirds of it was at small-scale installations, such as rooftop solar panels.66 The state's largest solar farm has 21.3 megawatts of generating capacity and began operating in June 2021. The newest, a 20-megawatt solar farm, came online in January 2023. Several smaller, utility-scale projects are scheduled to come online by mid-2024.67 New Jersey has a community solar program that allows groups of households to benefit from solar power by connecting to remotely located solar arrays within their utility service territory. The program is aimed at renters, those who live in multi-family buildings, households that do not have property suitable for solar, or people that cannot afford the cost of a solar installation. Customers receive a credit on their power bills for the electricity that is generated.68,69
Biomass fuels about 1% of New Jersey's total electricity generation, but it accounted for the second-largest share of the state's renewable electricity generation in 2022, at about 12%.70 In large part because of New Jersey's population density, three-fourths of the state's biomass generating capacity is fueled by municipal solid waste, and almost all the rest is fueled with landfill gas. The state's largest biomass-fueled facility is a 60-megawatt power plant at a waste disposal site near Newark's International Airport.71
New Jersey has two utility-scale onshore wind power facilities located on the state's Atlantic Ocean coastline—a 1.5-megawatt single turbine located across from Staten Island in the New York City area, which is currently out of service, and a 7.5-megawatt five-turbine wind farm in Atlantic City.72,73,74 In 2022, wind energy supplied about 0.4% of New Jersey's renewable electricity generation and a very small amount of the state's total generation.75 New Jersey has more wind power potential offshore.76 The state set goals for offshore wind development. The original goal was 3,500 megawatts of offshore wind power by 2030, which was then increased to 7,500 megawatts by 2035.77 In 2022, New Jersey increased its wind power goal to 11,000 megawatts by 2040.78
Hydropower accounted for slightly less than 0.1% of New Jersey's renewable electricity generation in 2022.79 The state has two small conventional hydroelectric plants near New York City with a combined capacity of about 12 megawatts. However, the smaller one with about 2 megawatts of capacity is out of service for the foreseeable future, and the larger one had one of its three units out of service as of late 2023. New Jersey also has a 460-megawatt hydroelectric pumped storage facility in the northwestern corner of the state near its border with Pennsylvania.80 Pumped-storage hydroelectric facilities are used when power needs are high. During periods of low power demand, the facility uses less costly electricity to pump water from a lower reservoir to an upper reservoir. Then, during periods when power demand and electricity prices are higher, the water is released from the upper reservoir and flows down through generating turbines on its way back to the lower reservoir, producing electricity. Although the plant uses more power than it generates, it supplies power in periods of peak demand when electricity prices are highest.81
New Jersey adopted a renewable portfolio standard in 1999, and the state legislature has since enacted several substantial revisions to the standard, including: increased use of solar energy, offshore wind energy, small-scale hydroelectric, and waste-to-energy facilities. The law was updated most recently in May 2018 and now requires that 50% of electricity sold in New Jersey come from approved renewable sources by 2030, a portion of which must be from offshore wind.82 In 2019, New Jersey released its Energy Master Plan: Pathway to 2050, which is a blueprint for meeting 100% of the state's energy needs with clean energy by 2050. The plan calls for carbon-neutral electricity generation, electrification of transportation, increased energy efficiency, improvements to the transmission grid, and building sector improvements that include expanding the net zero carbon homes incentive programs. The plan also calls for installing 2,000 megawatts of battery energy storage by 2030.83
New Jersey enacted an energy efficiency resource standard (EERS) in May 2018. The EERS requires that electric and natural gas utilities implement programs to reduce energy consumption. Each electric utility must achieve annual reductions in electricity demand that are equal to 2% of the average annual demand in the prior three years. Each natural gas public utility must achieve annual reductions in natural gas consumption equal to 0.75% of the average annual use during the prior three years within five years of the start of its natural gas energy efficiency program.84 New Jersey also requires that electric utilities offer net metering to residential, commercial, and industrial customer-sited renewable facilities. In 2018, the state legislature limited net metering to 5.8% of each electric power supplier's prior year total statewide electricity sales.85
Coal
New Jersey does not have any coal reserves or production.86 The state's electric power sector has received all of New Jersey's coal deliveries since 2008. The state's annual coal consumption has declined from more than 4 million short tons in 2008 to about 242,000 short tons in 2022 as coal-fired generation decreased.87 The state's last two coal-fired power plants closed in mid-2022.88
Endnotes
1 U.S. Census Bureau, Data, Historical Population Density Data (1910-2020), updated April 26, 2021.
2 World Population Review, US States, New Jersey Population 2023, New Jersey Population Density and Area.
3 U.S. Census Bureau, State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates, updated December 16, 2021.
4 Walsh, Kevin J., "The Port of New York and New Jersey, a Critical Hub of Global Commerce," Forbes (October 26, 2011).
5 National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Geospatial Data Science Data and Tools, Solar, Biomass, Wind, Water, accessed November 19, 2023.
6 U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Crude Oil Proved Reserves, Reserves Changes, and Production, Proved Reserves as of 12/31, 2016-21.
7 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Reserves Summary as of Dec. 31, Dry Natural Gas, 2016-21.
8 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report 2022 (October 3, 2023), Table 15, Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines, Estimated Recoverable Reserves, and Demonstrated Reserve Base by Mining Method, 2022.
9 Kiffel-Alcheh, Jamie, "New Jersey, Why's It Called That?," National Geographic, accessed November 19, 2023.
10 Stockingblue, Miles of Roadway per Square Mile of Land in US States (March 30, 2018).
11 Fanning, Caroline, "This Is the Average Commute Time in Every U.S. State," Reader's Digest (December 21, 2022).
12 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C11, Total Energy Consumption Estimates by End-Use Sector, Ranked by State, 2021.
13 U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Interactive Data, Regional Data, GDP and Personal Income, Annual Gross Domestic Product by State, GDP in current dollars, NAICS, New Jersey, All statistics in table, 2022.
14 Desjardins, Jeff, "Animation: The 20 Largest State Economies by GDP in the Last 50 Years," Visual Capitalist (August 22, 2019).
15 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C10, Total Energy Consumption Estimates, Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Energy Consumption Estimates per Real Dollar of GDP, Ranked by State, 2021.
16 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C14, Total Energy Consumption Estimates per Capita by End-Use Sector, Ranked by State, 2021.
17 U.S. EIA, Crude Oil Proved Reserves, Reserves Changes, and Production, Proved Reserves as of 12/31 and Estimated Production, 2016-21.
18 U.S. EIA, Number and Capacity of Petroleum Refineries, Total Number of Operable Refineries, and Atmospheric Crude Oil Distillation Operable Capacity, Annual as of January 1, 2018-23.
19 PBF Energy, Refineries, Paulsboro, New Jersey, accessed November 20, 2023.
20 Phillips 66, Bayway Refinery, accessed November 20, 2023.
21 U.S. EIA, Refinery Capacity Report 2023 (June 21, 2023), Table 13, Refineries Permanently Shutdown by PAD District Between January 1, 1991 and January 1, 2023.
22 "Sunoco Can Send, Receive Products from Eagle Point," Reuters (June 12, 2012).
23 Caroom, Eliot, "Perth Amboy refinery to get new life from $200 million overhaul," NJ.com, updated August 8, 2012.
24 Buckeye Global Marine Terminal, Perth Amboy, accessed November 20, 2023.
25 U.S. EIA, Petroleum & Other Liquids, Company Level Imports, Port State, New Jersey, January-August 2023.
26 American Fuel and Petrochemical Manufacturers, The Fuel and Petrochemical Supply Chains (2018), p. 23.
27 Colonial Pipeline Company, System Map, and About Us, accessed November 21, 2023.
28 Buckeye Partners, L.P., Buckeye Pipeline System New Jersy-New York-Pennsylvania., accessed November 21, 2023.
29 Buckeye Partners, L.P., System Map, accessed November 21, 2023.
30 U.S. EIA, Table C15, Petroleum Consumption, Total and per Capita, Ranked by State, 2021.
31 U.S. EIA, Table F16, Total Petroleum Consumption Estimates, 2021.
32 U.S. EIA, Table C8, Transportation Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, 2021.
33 Larson, B. K., U.S. Gasoline Requirements as of January 2018, ExxonMobil, accessed November 22, 2023.
34 U.S. EIA, U.S. Fuel Ethanol Plant Production Capacity (August 7, 2023), U.S. fuel ethanol plant count by state, 2023.
35 "Kinder Morgan Completes Dedicated Ethanol Pipeline in NJ," Ethanol Producer Magazine (April 3, 2012).
36 U.S. Census Bureau, House Heating Fuel, New Jersey, Table B25040, 2022 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.
37 U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve, About NEHHOR, accessed November 22, 2023.
38 U.S. EIA, Table F16, Total Petroleum Consumption Estimates, 2021.
39 U.S. EIA, Dry Natural Gas Proved Reserves, Proved Reserves as of Dec. 31, Annual, 2016-21.
40 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Production, Gross Withdrawals, Annual, 2017-22.
41 U.S. EIA, Underground Natural Gas Storage Capacity, Total Number of Existing Fields, Annual, 2017-22.
42 U.S. EIA, International & Interstate Movements of Natural Gas by State, New Jersey, Annual, 2017-22.
43 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas, Pipelines, Natural Gas Pipeline Projects (XLS), accessed November 26, 2023.
44 Bresswein, Kurt, "Pipeline update: Where these 2 projects through the Lehigh Valley stand, amid continuing Pa. natural gas boom," LehighValleyLive.com (June 9, 2019).
45 U.S. EIA, "New natural gas pipeline capacity expands access to export and Northeast markets," Today in Energy (November 17, 2021).
46 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C16, Natural Gas Consumption, Total and per Capita, Ranked by State, 2021.
47 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Consumption by End Use, New Jersey, Annual, 2017-22.
48 U.S. Census Bureau, House Heating Fuel, New Jersey, Table B25040, 2022 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.
49 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, New Jersey, Fuel Type (Check all), Annual, 2022.
50 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, New Jersey, Nuclear, Annual, 2001-22.
51 U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station, Decommissioning (March 23, 2022).
52 Rivard, Ry, "Is BPU having buyer's remorse over $300M nuclear subsidies?," Politico (November 17, 2021).
53 U.S. EIA, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of October 2023.
54 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, New Jersey, Fuel Type (Check all), Annual, 2022.
55 U.S. EIA, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of October 2023, and Inventory of Retired Generators as of October 2023.
56 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, New Jersey, All fuels, Coal, Small-scale solar photovoltaic, Annual, 2001-22.
57 U.S. EIA, New Jersey Electricity Profile 2022, Table 10, Supply and disposition of electricity, 1990 through 2022.
58 U.S. Census Bureau, House Heating Fuel, New Jersey, Table B25040, 2022 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.
59 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, New Jersey, Retail sales of electricity (million kilowatthours), 2022.
60 U.S. EIA, Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS), 2020 RECS Survey Data, State Data, Consumption and expenditures, Table CE4.1EL.ST Annual household site end-use electricity consumption in the United States by state-totals and percentages, 2020, Air conditioning.
61 New Jersey's Clean Energy Program, Electric Vehicle Incentive Programs, accessed November 20, 2023.
62 U.S. Department of Energy, Alternative Fuels Data Center, Vehicle Registration Counts by State, accessed November 26, 2023.
63 New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, NJ Public Electric Vehicle Charging Locator, accessed November 26, 2023.
64 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, New Jersey, Net generation for all sectors, All fuels, Conventional hydroelectric, Other renewables, All solar, Small-scale solar photovoltaic, Utility-scale photovoltaic, Annual, 2022.
65 U.S. EIA, Electric Power Monthly (February 2023), Tables 1.17.B, 6.2.B.
66 U.S. EIA, Electric Power Monthly (November 2023), Table 6.2.B.
67 U.S. EIA, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of October 2023, Inventory of Planned Generators as of October 2023.
68 New Jersey Senate Budget and Appropriations Committee, Statement to Senate No. 2314 (April 5, 2018), p. 5.
69 New Jersey Public Board of Utilities, "NJBPU Makes Community Solar Pilot Program Permanent," Press Release (August 16, 2023).
70 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, New Jersey, Net generation for all sectors, New Jersey, All fuels, Biomass, Small-scale solar photovoltaic, Annual, 2001-22.
71 U.S. EIA, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of October 2023.
72 Vogt, Erin, "Busted wind turbine in Bayonne, NJ has been wasting money for years," New Jersey 101.5 (February 7, 2023).
73 Atlantic County Utilities Authority, Projects, Jersey-Atlantic Wind Farm, accessed November 26, 2023.
74 U.S. EIA, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of October 2023.
75 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, New Jersey, Net generation for all sectors, All fuels, Conventional hydroelectric, Other renewables, Wind, Small-scale solar photovoltaic, Annual, 2022.
76 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, WINDExchange, U.S. Offshore 90-Meter Wind Resource Potential, accessed November 26, 2023.
77 New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Offshore Wind, accessed November 26, 2023.
78 State of New Jersey Governor Phil Murphy, "Governor Murphy Signs Executive Order Increasing Offshore Wind Goal to 11,000 MW by 2040," Press release (September 21, 2022).
79 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, New Jersey, Net generation for all sectors, Conventional hydroelectric, Other renewables, Small-scale solar Photoelectric, Annual, 2022.
80 U.S. EIA, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of October 2023.
81 U.S. EIA, Energy Explained, Hydropower explained, Hydroelectric power is produced with moving water, Pumped-storage hydropower facilities, updated April 20, 2022.
82 NC Clean Energy Technology Center, DSIRE, New Jersey, Renewables Portfolio Standard, updated November 8, 2023.
83 State of New Jersey, 2019 New Jersey Energy Master Plan, Pathways to 2050, accessed November 26, 2023.
84 NC Clean Energy Technology Center, DSIRE, Energy Efficiency Resource Standard, updated June 7, 2018.
85 NC Clean Energy Technology Center, DSIRE, Net Metering, New Jersey, updated June 22, 2022.
86 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report 2022 (October 3, 2023), Tables 1, 15, 26.
87 U.S. EIA, Coal Data Browser, New Jersey, Total consumption (short tons), Annual, 2000-22.
88 U.S. EIA, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Retired Generators as of October 2023.