Profile AnalysisPrint State Energy Profile
(overview, data, & analysis)
Last Updated: September 18, 2025
Overview
Located in the center of the continental United States, Nebraska is a plains state with rolling hills that include about 20,000 square miles of sandhills, the largest sand dune formation in the Western Hemisphere. Those sandhills cover one-fourth of the state and sit on top of a vast, shallow aquifer that extends beneath parts of eight states and provides crucial groundwater for agriculture in the region.1,2,3 The groundwater and the fertile soils of the prairie that cover much of Nebraska make it a leading agricultural state.4,5,6,7 Nebraska produces the nation's third-largest corn crop, and, using corn as a feedstock, the state is the nation's second-largest producer of fuel ethanol.8,9,10 The broad plains that occupy much of Nebraska also have some of the nation's best wind energy resources.11,12 The wide rivers that cross the state provide hydropower potential, and the abundant sunshine, especially in western Nebraska, offers a good solar resource.13,14,15 Crop residues supply a plentiful biomass resource as well.16 Nebraska has modest fossil fuel resources and production, primarily from crude oil.17 The state also produces small amounts of natural gas.18 Uranium, the source for nuclear reactor fuel, was mined in northwestern Nebraska, but the state's only in-situ uranium mine, Crowe Butte, suspended operations in 2018.19,20
Nebraska ranks among the 10 states with the highest per capita energy consumption.
The industrial sector, which includes agriculture, is the end-use sector that consumes the most energy in Nebraska. It accounts for about 44% of the state's total energy consumption.21 Nebraska is one of the nation's major meat processing centers, and the energy-intensive agricultural and food processing industries are leading contributors to the state's GDP. Other energy-intensive industries in Nebraska are chemical manufacturing—particularly of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and fertilizers—and machinery manufacturing.22,23,24,25 The transportation sector, Nebraska's second-largest energy user, accounts for about 24% of the state's total energy consumption. The residential and commercial sectors each account for 16%.26 Nebraska's weather varies greatly from season to season. Hot summer temperatures occasionally exceed 110°F and harsh winter temperatures can fall to minus 30°F, which can result in high seasonal energy consumption for air conditioning and heating.27 The state's energy-intensive industries, and weather extremes contribute to Nebraska ranking among the 10 states with the highest per capita energy consumption.28,29
Electricity
Coal provides the largest share of Nebraska's electricity generation, and 3 of the state's 10 largest power plants by capacity and 4 by actual generation are coal-fired. Although coal-fired power plants fueled 43% of the state's total net generation in 2024, the amount of electricity generated by coal was the lowest since 1999.30,31 In 2024, wind, nuclear energy, natural gas, and hydroelectric power provided almost all the rest of Nebraska's in-state electricity generation. Wind surpassed nuclear power's contribution for the first time in 2019, and accounted for 32% of Nebraska's total net generation in 2024.32 The state's one operating nuclear power plant, Cooper Nuclear Station, supplied 16% of Nebraska's power in 2024, down from 30% in 2010. A second, smaller nuclear power plant—Fort Calhoun Nuclear Station, which was located along the Missouri River on the state's eastern border—was powered down in 2016.33,34,35 Natural gas-fired generation was at a record high in 2024 and provided 4% of in-state generation. The state's 10 utility-scale hydroelectric power plants accounted for 3% of net generation in 2024.36,37
Nebraska’s average electricity price is among the six lowest states.
Nebraska is the only state in which all electricity providers are publicly-owned—either public power districts, municipal power systems, or rural electric cooperatives. Nebraska's average electricity price is among the 6 lowest states, while it is one of the top 10 states in per capita electricity sales.38,39,40 The largest share of annual electricity sales go to the state's commercial and industrial sectors, where each account for about 35% of total sales. In 2024, the retail sales to the commercial sector exceeded sales to the industrial sector for the first time in over two decades, in part due to the increasing number of data centers in Nebraska.41,42,43 Nebraska has the third-largest number of industrial electricity customers in the nation, after Texas and California.44 A significant amount of Nebraska's industrial electricity consumption is seasonal demand from farms, where electricity is used to run irrigation systems. Electricity sales to Nebraska's residential sector, where 3 in 10 households rely on electricity for home heating, accounted for about 30% of the state total and are less than in nearly three fourths of the states. However, Nebraska's per capita residential electricity sales are greater than in all but 15 other states.45,46,47 Overall, more electricity is produced in Nebraska than is consumed there, with about one-tenth of the state's generation sent to other states over the regional grid.48 In mid-2025, Nebraska had 295 public electric vehicle charging locations, most of which are located along Interstate 80 that stretches 455 miles across the state from Omaha to the Wyoming border.49,50,51
Renewable energy
Renewable resources provided 36% of Nebraska's total electricity net generation in 2024.52 Wind energy resources are excellent across the entire state, and wind powers almost all of the state's renewable generation, almost 89% in 2024.53,54 Almost all of the state's wind farms are in eastern Nebraska.55 As of mid-2025, Nebraska had about 3,500 megawatts of installed wind power capacity at 33 utility-scale (1 megawatt or larger) wind farms. The Grande Prairie Wind Farm, which came online in 2016, is the state's largest wind farm, with a capacity of 400 megawatts with 200 wind turbines.56,57
Hydroelectric facilities produced 8% of Nebraska's renewable electricity generation in 2024.58 The state has 10 utility-scale conventional hydroelectric power plants, including one at the federal Gavins Point Dam on the Missouri River. The power plant is the state's largest hydroelectric facility and has three generating units with 34 megawatts of capacity each.59,60
Western Nebraska has the state's greatest solar resources.61 Although solar energy contributed about 2% of the state's renewable generation in 2024, solar-powered generation has more than tripled since 2020.62 The largest solar power plant in the state is an 81-megawatt facility that came online in May 2024 near Omaha.63,64 As of mid-2025, Nebraska had nearly 174 megawatts of total solar photovoltaic capacity, including 37 megawatts of customer-sited, small-scale (less than 1-megawatt) capacity.65 More solar power generating facilities are in development in the state.66
Nebraska has other renewable resources including biomass and geothermal energy. Power plants that use landfill gas and other waste biomass to generate electricity accounted for less than 1% of the state's total renewable electricity generation in 2024.67 Moderate geothermal energy potential exists across much of the state, but only a few small areas in northern Nebraska have the high-temperature resources needed for power generation. Nebraska does not generate any utility-scale electricity from geothermal energy.68,69 However, geothermal energy is used in the state to heat houses, commercial buildings, and schools.70
Nebraska is the nation’s second-largest producer of fuel ethanol.
Nebraska is a major biofuels manufacturer and is second only to Iowa in the production of fuel ethanol.71 The state has 24 ethanol production plants that together can make about 2.4 billion gallons of ethanol annually.72 Nebraska accounts for about 13% of the nation's fuel ethanol production. In 2023, the state's ethanol plants produced about 23 times more fuel ethanol than was consumed in the state. Most of the ethanol produced in Nebraska is shipped to other states.73,74,75
Nebraska does not have a renewable portfolio standard that requires utilities to generate a specific amount of their electricity from renewable energy sources.76 However, utilities are required to provide net metering and interconnections to qualifying customer systems that put excess electricity on the grid from generating capacities of up to 25 kilowatts, unless the total net-metered electricity equals 1% of the utility's average peak demand for the year.77,78 Customer generators must pay for the costs of the interconnection, but the utility provides the metering system at no cost to the customer.79
Petroleum
Nebraska's modest crude oil reserves account for about 0.02% of the nation's total.80 Wells in the state have produced commercial quantities of crude oil since 1939. Nebraska's annual crude oil production peaked at nearly 25 million barrels in 1962, but declined in 2024 to 1.4 million barrels, which was the lowest in more than 70 years.81,82,83 Almost all the state's crude oil production is from wells in western and southwestern Nebraska.84
Nebraska does not have any crude oil refineries, but pipelines that cross the state deliver crude oil to facilities in neighboring states.85,86 A crude oil pipeline that crosses southern Nebraska transports crude oil, primarily from Wyoming, to refineries in the Midwest.87 A second pipeline crosses the southwestern corner of the state, bringing crude oil from Wyoming to Cushing, Oklahoma.88 A third pipeline runs south across eastern Nebraska to a location near the Kansas border, where it splits. One section moves crude oil from Canada and North Dakota south to the Cushing hub and from there to Texas refineries along the Gulf Coast. The other branch brings crude oil east to refineries in Illinois.89,90 A network of petroleum product pipelines and terminals supply refined products from refining centers in nearby states to Nebraska markets.91
Distillate fuel oil accounts for a larger share of Nebraska’s petroleum consumption than in all other states except Wyoming and North Dakota.
Nebraska consumes less total petroleum than nearly three-fourths of the states. However, on a per capita basis, it uses more petroleum than more than two-thirds of the states.92 The transportation sector accounts for about four-fifths of the state's petroleum use, and most of it is consumed either as motor gasoline or as distillate fuel oil.93,94 Distillate fuel oil includes diesel fuel, used both on-highway for transportation fuel and off-highway for industrial use by agricultural machinery.95 Distillate fuel oil accounts for a larger share (42%) of Nebraska's petroleum consumption than all but two states, Wyoming and North Dakota.96 Conventional motor gasoline without ethanol added can be sold statewide in Nebraska, although most gasoline sold in Nebraska and other states is blended with at least 10% ethanol.97,98 In addition to the widespread availability of motor gasoline blended with 10% ethanol, the state has over 100 fueling stations that sell E85, a blend of 85% ethanol and 15% motor gasoline, ranking 14th in the nation.99
The industrial sector is the second-largest petroleum-consuming sector in the state and accounts for about 16% of the state's petroleum use. Industrial use includes agriculture, where Nebraska ranks fourth in the nation for diesel fuel consumption for off-highway farm equipment. The residential and commercial sectors combined account for about 5% of the state's petroleum consumption.100,101 About 8 in 100 Nebraska households heat their homes with petroleum products, mainly propane.102 Nebraska has 38 power plants with petroleum-fired generators, some of which are backup units during periods of high electricity demand, but electricity generation accounts for a small amount of the state's petroleum consumption.103,104
Natural gas
Nebraska does not have significant natural gas reserves.105 Natural gas production in the state declined from a high of 15 billion cubic feet in 1960 to 265 million cubic feet in 2023.106 Nebraska receives most of its natural gas from interstate pipelines, primarily from Kansas, Colorado, and Wyoming. About 93% of the natural gas that enters Nebraska leaves the state and continues on to markets elsewhere, primarily to Iowa and Colorado. Smaller amounts of natural gas go to Missouri, Kansas, and South Dakota.107 Typically, some of the natural gas that remains in Nebraska is stored in the state's one natural gas storage field, which can hold about 35 billion cubic feet.108,109
Nebraska's industrial sector, which includes agriculture, accounts for 56% of the state’s natural gas deliveries.
In 2024, Nebraska's industrial sector, which includes agriculture, accounted for 56% of the natural gas deliveries in the state.110 The residential sector, where about 6 out of 10 households use natural gas for heating, is the second-largest natural gas consumer and accounts for 18% of the state's natural gas deliveries.111,112 The commercial sector makes up 17% of Nebraska's natural gas use and the state's electric power sector accounts for 9%. A small amount of natural gas is used as vehicle fuel in the transportation sector.113
Coal
Although coal fuels 43% of Nebraska's total electricity generation, the state does not have any significant coal reserves and has no coal production.114,115 Most of the coal consumed in Nebraska arrives primarily by rail from the nearby low-sulfur coal fields in Wyoming's Powder River Basin.116,117 More than nine-tenths of the coal consumed in Nebraska is used for electricity generation.118 A small amount of coal goes to industrial plants in the state.119
Endnotes
1 The Nebraska Sandhills, Sandhill Landscape, accessed August 13, 2025.
2 Nebraska Corn Board, What is the Ogallala Aquifer?, accessed August 4, 2025.
3 Maps of the World, US State Map, Nebraska Map, Nebraska on US Map, accessed August 25, 2025.
4 NETSTATE, Nebraska, The Geography of Nebraska, updated February 25, 2016.
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7 U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service, News Release, Nebraska Rank in U.S. Agriculture, accessed August 25, 2025.
8 U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service, Crop Production, 2024 Summary (January 2025), p. 10.
9 Ethanol Producer Magazine, U.S. Ethanol Plants, accessed August 4, 2025.
10 U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), State Energy Data System, Table P4B, Primary Energy Production Estimates, Biofuels, in Thousand Barrels, Ranked by State, 2023.
11 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, WINDExchange, Maps & Data, accessed August 4, 2025.
12 U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, U.S. Installed and Potential Wind Power Capacity and Generation, U.S. Potential Wind Capacity in Megawatts (MW) at 80 Meters, accessed August 4, 2025.
13 Geology.com, Nebraska Lakes, Rivers and Water Resources, accessed August 4, 2025.
14 American Rivers, Licensed Hydropower Dams of the United States, accessed August 25, 2025.
15 U.S. Department of Energy, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Direct Normal Solar Irradiance (February 22, 2018).
16 Roberts, Billy J., Crop Residue in the United States, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (January 15, 2014).
17 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Crude Oil Production, Annual-Thousand Barrels per Day, Nebraska, 2019-24.
18 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Production, Marketed Production, Annual-Million Cubic Feet, 2019-24.
19 U.S. EIA, 2022 Domestic Uranium Production Report - Annual (May 2023), Table 5, U.S. uranium in-situ recovery plants by owner, location, capacity, and operating status at the end of the year 2018-22, p. 7.
20 U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Crow Butte Uranium Recovery Facility, p. 4, accessed August 4, 2025.
21 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C1, Energy Consumption Overview: Estimates by Energy Source and End-Use Sector, 2023.
22 University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Announce, U.S. Livestock Industry Trends and Nebraska's Role, accessed August 5, 2025.
23 Nebraska Department of Labor, Nebraska Workforce Trends (Fall 2024), p. 3.
24 "What is Nebraska Known for Manufacturing?" Nebraska Warehouse (August 18, 2023).
25 U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Interactive Data, Regional Data, GDP & Personal Income, Annual Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by State, SAGDP2 GDP in current dollars, Nebraska, All statistics in table, 2024.
26 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C1, Energy Consumption Overview: Estimates by Energy Source and End-Use Sector, 2023.
27 Dutcher, Al, "Nebraska: Home of the Whopper," Nebraska's Climate, The Community Collaborative Rain, Hail & Snow Network, ‘State Climates' Series, accessed August 5, 2025.
28 U.S. EIA, Nebraska Profile Data, Energy Indicators, Population, updated August 21, 2025.
29 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C14, Total Energy Consumption Estimates per Capita by End-Use Sector, Ranked by State, 2023.
30 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors (thousand megawatthours), Nebraska, Annual 2001-24.
31 U.S. EIA, Nebraska Electricity Profile 2023 (October 23, 2024), Tables 2A, 2B, 5, available in XLSX format.
32 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors (thousand megawatthours), Nebraska, Annual 2001-24.
33 King-Homan, Laura, "Timeline of Fort Calhoun Station history," The Wire, (July 4, 2016).
34 U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Nebraska, updated March 10, 2021.
35 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors (thousand megawatthours), Nebraska, Annual, Nuclear, Small-scale solar photovoltaic, 2001-24.
36 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors (thousand megawatthours), Nebraska, Annual 2001-24.
37 U.S. EIA, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of July 2025, Plant State: Nebraska, Technology: Petroleum Liquids.
38 Nebraska Power Association, Public Power, Benefits, accessed August 7, 2025.
39 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Average retail price of electricity, All sectors, All states, Annual, 2001-24.
40 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C17, Electricity Sales to Ultimate Customers, Total and Residential, Total and per Capita, Ranked by State, 2023.
41 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Retail sales of electricity, Nebraska, All sectors, Residential, Commercial, Industrial, Annual, 2001-24.
42 U.S. EIA, State energy Data System, State Energy Consumption Estimates 1960 Through 2023, Table CT5, Commercial sector energy consumption estimates, selected year, 1960-2023, Nebraska, and Table CT6, Industrial sector energy consumption estimates, selected year, 1960-2023, Nebraska, p. 312-313.
43 Somerville, Madeleine, "Data Center Construction Projects Underway in 2025," Under The Hard Hat (March 7, 2025).
44 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Number of customer accounts, Industrial, Geography (Check all), Annual, 2008-24.
45 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Retail sales of electricity (million kilowatthours), Nebraska, All sectors, Residential, Commercial, Industrial, Annual, 2001-24.
46 U.S. Census Bureau, Tables, Table B25040, House Heating Fuel, Nebraska, 2023 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.
47 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C17, Electricity Sales to Ultimate Customers, Total and Residential, Total and per Capita, Ranked by State, 2023.
48 U.S. EIA, Nebraska Electricity Profile 2023, Table 10, available in XLSX format.
49 U.S. EIA, Monthly Energy Review (July 2025), Appendix F monthly state file, XLS, Public Ports only and Public & Private Ports combined.
50 U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Alternative Fueling Station Locator, Filters: Nebraska, Electric, Public Access, accessed August 7, 2025.
51 Country Roads, Nebraska - Interstate 80 Westbound, accessed August 25, 2025.
52 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors (thousand megawatthours), Nebraska, Annual, 2001-24.
53 U. S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, WINDExchange, Maps & Data, accessed August 7, 2025.
54 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors (thousand megawatthours), Nebraska, Annual, 2001-24.
55 Nebraska Department of Environment and Energy, Wind Development in Nebraska, accessed August 12, 2025.
56 U.S. EIA, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of July 2025, Plant State: Nebraska, Technology: Onshore Wind Turbine.
57 Nebraska Department of Environment and Energy, State Energy Information, Energy Statistics, Fuels, Wind, Wind Energy Generation in Nebraska, accessed August 12, 2025.
58 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors (thousand megawatthours), Nebraska, Annual, 2001-24.
59 U.S. EIA, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of July 2025, Plant State: Nebraska, Technology: Conventional Hydroelectric.
60 Arens, Curt, "Gavins Point Dam recreation, power and flood control," FarmProgress (September 27, 2024).
61 Nebraska Department of Environment and Energy, State Energy Information, Energy Statistics, Fuels, Solar Thermal & Photovoltaic, Solar Photovoltaic Resources Map, accessed August 12, 2025.
62 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors (thousand megawatthours), Nebraska, Annual, 2001-24.
63 U.S. EIA, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of July 2025, Plant State: Nebraska, Technology: Solar Photovoltaic.
64 AES Corporation, Platteview solar project, accessed August 12, 2025.
65 U.S. EIA, Electric Power Monthly (June 2025), Table 6.2.B.
66 Nebraska Department of Environment and Energy, State Energy Information, Energy Statistics, Fuels, Solar Thermal & Photovoltaic, Solar Energy Generation in Nebraska, Projects Under Development, accessed August 12, 2025.
67 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors (thousand megawatthours), Nebraska, Annual, 2001-24.
68 Roberts, Billy J., Geothermal Resources of the United States, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (February 22, 2018).
69 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors (thousand megawatthours), Nebraska, Annual, 2001-24.
70 Nebraska Department of Environment and Energy, State Energy Information, Energy Statistics, Fuels, Geothermal Projects in Nebraska, accessed August 12, 205.
71 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table P4B, Primary Energy Production Estimates, Biofuels, in Thousand Barrels, Ranked by State, 2023.
72 U.S. EIA, U.S. Fuel Ethanol Plant Production Capacity (August 15, 2024), Detailed annual production capacity by plant is available in XLSX.
73 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table P4B, Primary Energy Production Estimates, Biofuels, in Thousand Barrels, Ranked by State, 2023.
74 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F31, Fuel Ethanol Consumption Estimates, 2023.
75 University of Nebraska Lincoln, Economic Impacts of the Nebraska Ethanol and Co-Products Industry (February 2025), p. 12.
76 Center for Climate And Energy Solutions, State Climate Policy Maps, State Climate Policy Maps, Electricity sector Policies, accessed August 13, 2025.
77 NC Clean Energy Technology Center, DSIRE, Nebraska, Interconnection Guidelines, updated June 10, 2024.
78 NC Clean Energy Technology Center, DSIRE, Nebraska, Net Metering, updated March 10, 2025.
79 Nebraska Legislature, 70-2003. Local distribution utility; interconnect qualified facility of customer-generator; interconnection agreement; requirements; powers and duties, accessed August 13, 2025.
80 U.S. EIA, U.S. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Reserves, Year-end 2023 (June 25, 2025), Table 6, Crude oil and lease condensate proved reserves, reserves changes, by states and areas, 2023 (million barrels).
81 Nebraska Department of Environment and Energy, Energy Statistics, Petroleum, Crude Oil Production in Nebraska, accessed August 6, 2025.
82 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System: 1960-2023, Production, Ranked by State, Primary energy production in physical units - fossil fuels and nuclear, 1960-2023, XLSX, Crude Oil, Nebraska.
83 U.S. EIA, Crude Oil Production, Annual-Thousand Barrels, 2024.
84 Nebraska Department of Environment and Energy, Energy Statistics, Petroleum, Crude Oil Production by County, accessed August 6, 2025.
85 U.S. EIA, Number and Capacity of Petroleum Refineries, Total Number of Operable Refineries, Annual (as of January 1), 2025.
86 U.S. EIA, Nebraska Profile Overview, Interactive Map, Nebraska, Layer List: Pipelines and Transmission, Crude Oil Pipelines, accessed August 6, 2025.
87 Enbridge Inc., Interactive Map, Platte Pipeline, accessed August 6, 2025.
88 Tallgrass Energy Partners, LP, System Map, accessed August 6, 2025.
89 TC Energy Corporation, Keystone Pipeline System Map, accessed July 5, 2024.
90 TC Energy Corporation, Operations Maps, accessed July 5, 2024.
91 U.S. EIA, Nebraska Profile Overview, Interactive Map, Nebraska, Layer List: Pipelines and Transmission, Crude Oil Pipelines, Petroleum Product Pipelines, accessed August 6, 2025.
92 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C15, Petroleum Consumption Estimates, Total and per Capita, Ranked by State, 2023.
93 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F16, Total Petroleum Consumption Estimates, 2023.
94 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C2, Energy Consumption Estimates for Selected Energy Sources in Physical Units, 2023.
95 U.S. EIA, Glossary, Distillate Fuel Oil, accessed August 6, 2025.
96 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C2, Energy Consumption Estimates for Selected Energy Sources in Physical Units, 2023.
97 U.S. EIA, "Almost all U.S. gasoline is blended with 10% ethanol," Today in Energy (May 4, 2016).
98 Southern States Energy Board, U.S. Gasoline Requirements, updated January 2018.
99 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Alternative Fuels Data Center, Alternative Fueling Station Counts by State, updated August 6, 2025.
100 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F16, Total Petroleum Consumption Estimates, 2023.
101 U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics Series 2023, Private and Commercial Nonhighway Use of Gasoline - 2023, Table MF-24.
102 U.S. Census Bureau, Tables, Table B25040, House Heating Fuel, Nebraska, 2023 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.
103 U.S. EIA, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of July 2025, Plant State: Nebraska, Technology: Petroleum Liquids.
104 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F16, Total Petroleum Consumption Estimates, 2023.
105 U.S. EIA, U.S. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Reserves, Year-end 2023 (June 25, 2025), Table 8, Natural gas, wet after lease separation, proved reserves, reserves changes, by states and areas, 2023.
106 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data Systems, State Energy Production Estimates 1960 Through 2023, Table PT1, Primary Energy Production Estimates in Physical Units, Nebraska, 1960-2023, p. 70.
107 U.S. EIA, International and Interstate Movements of Natural Gas by State, Nebraska, Annual, 2017-23.
108 U.S. EIA, Underground Natural Gas Storage Capacity, Total Number of Existing Fields, Annual, 2023.
109 U.S. EIA, Underground Natural Gas Storage Capacity, Total Storage Capacity, Annual, 2023.
110 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Consumption by End Use (Million Cubic Feet), Nebraska, Annual, 2018-24.
111 U.S. Census Bureau, Tables, Table B25040, House Heating Fuel, Nebraska, 2023 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.
112 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Consumption by End Use (Million Cubic Feet), Nebraska, Annual, 2018-24.
113 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Consumption by End Use (Million Cubic Feet), Nebraska, Annual, 2018-24.
114 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors (thousand megawatthours), Nebraska, Annual 2001-24.
115 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report (October 30, 2024), Table 1, Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Mine Type, 2023 and 2022, and Table 15, Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines, Estimated Recoverable Reserves, and Demonstrated Reserve Base by Mining Method, 2023.
116 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Distribution Report (October 30, 2024), Domestic distribution of U.S. coal by: Destination State, Nebraska, Table DS-23, Domestic Coal Distribution, by Destination State, 2023.
117 Nebraska Public Power District, Coal Generation, accessed August 6, 2025.
118 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report (October 30, 2024), Table 26, U.S. Coal Consumption by End Use Sector, Census Division, and State, 2023 and 2022.
119 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Distribution Report (October 30, 2024), Domestic distribution of U.S. coal by: Destination State, Nebraska, Table DS-23, Domestic Coal Distribution, by Destination State, 2023.