Profile AnalysisPrint State Energy Profile
(overview, data, & analysis)
Last Updated: March 20, 2025
Overview
Georgia has the largest land area of any state east of the Mississippi River. Located on the Atlantic coast at the southern end of the Blue Ridge Mountains in the Appalachians, elevations in northeastern Georgia rise to almost 5,000 feet. Between the mountains and the ocean are the rolling hills of the Piedmont region and Georgia's broad Atlantic and East Gulf coastal plains.1 Despite its location near the Appalachian coalfields and oil and natural gas basins, Georgia does not have any significant fossil fuel reserves.2 Nuclear power supplies almost three-fifths of the primary energy produced in Georgia, and the rest comes from renewable resources, specifically biomass, solar energy, and hydropower.3 Two-thirds of the state is forested and Georgia leads the nation in available commercial timberland.4,5 The state has many wood processing mills, wood-fueled power plants, and wood pellet manufacturers.6,7 Although most of Georgia's natural lakes are in the southern part of the state, the larger, man-made lakes and reservoirs that provide hydroelectric power are concentrated in the river valleys of northern Georgia.8 The state's solar potential is among the highest in the Southeast.9 Although Georgia has little onshore wind energy potential, the state has large areas with substantial wind energy resources in the Atlantic Ocean off the coastline.10 In January 2025, the federal government temporarily withdrew all federal offshore areas from leasing for wind energy development.11
Major highways and the world’s busiest passenger airport help make Georgia sixth in the nation in transportation sector energy consumption.
Georgia ranks among the top 10 states in the nation in total energy consumption, but with its large population (eighth-highest in the nation) and mild climate, the state's per capita energy consumption is less than in three-fifths of the states.12,13,14 The transportation sector accounts for the largest share of Georgia's total energy consumption at three-tenths.15 Major interstate highways and Atlanta's international airport, the world's busiest passenger airport with over 100 million passengers a year, help make Georgia sixth among the states in total transportation sector energy consumption.16,17 The industrial sector accounts for the second-largest share of state energy use at slightly more than one-fourth, followed closely by the residential sector, which accounts for slightly less than one-fourth of Georgia's energy consumption.18 The state has several energy-intensive industries, including the manufacture of food, beverage, tobacco products, chemicals, and paper.19 With Georgia's warm and humid climate, air conditioning is widely used, and the residential sector's per capita energy consumption is near the midpoint of the states.20,21,22 The commercial sector makes up almost one-fifth of the state's total energy use.23
Electricity
Two new nuclear reactors at Georgia’s Vogtle nuclear plant created the nation’s largest nuclear power plant.
Natural gas and nuclear power fuel three-fourths of Georgia's total in-state electricity net generation. In 2024, the amount of electricity generated by natural gas accounted for 41% of the state's total net generation.24 Georgia was the third-largest nuclear power-producing state, with nuclear power providing 34% of the state's generation.25 The state has two nuclear power plants. The Edwin Hatch nuclear power plant, which began operating in the 1970s, has two reactors with a combined generating capacity of about 1,700 megawatts. The Vogtle nuclear plant in Waynesboro came online in the late 1980s with two reactors. A third reactor was added in mid-2023, and a fourth reactor began operating in early 2024. The two new reactors almost doubled the plant's generating capacity and made Vogtle the nation's largest nuclear power plant with about 4,500 megawatts of capacity.26,27,28
Coal and renewable resources provide almost all the rest of Georgia's electricity generation. Coal-fired power plants fueled at least one-third of Georgia's in-state electricity generation through 2013, but coal's contribution declined with the retirement of about 6,100 megawatts of the state's coal-fired capacity over the decade that followed.29,30 In 2024, coal fueled about 13% of Georgia's total in-state generation. Renewable resources—mainly solar energy, biomass, and hydroelectric power—provided 12% of the state's net generation. Small amounts of petroleum liquids and petroleum coke as well as a few multifuel generators supplied the rest of Georgia's electricity.31
Although Georgia is among the top 10 electricity-producing states, it typically uses more power than it generates. During the past decade, Georgia acquired, on average, about one-sixth of the electricity it consumed each year from other states over the regional grid.32,33 In 2024, Georgia's residential sector, where nearly three in five households use electricity for heating and almost all households have air conditioning, accounted for about 42% of the state's electricity sales.34,35,36 The commercial sector consumed 36% of the state's electricity and the industrial sector used 22%. The transportation sector used a small amount of the state's electricity for rail service.37 Additionally, Georgia ranked 11th in the nation in the number of registered electric vehicles in 2023 and had about 2,000 electric vehicle charging stations at the end of 2024.38,39
Renewable energy
In 2024, renewable resources accounted for 12% of Georgia's total in-state electricity generation. Solar energy provided the largest share of the state's renewable generation for the third year in a row. Solar energy accounted for half of Georgia's total in-state renewable electricity generation and it supplied nearly 7% of the state's total net generation. Almost all of it was from utility-scale facilities with greater than 1 megawatt of capacity.40 At the beginning of 2025, Georgia had about 5,200 megawatts of utility-scale solar photovoltaic (PV) generating capacity.41 The five largest solar facilities in the state each have generating capacities of more than 200 megawatts, and the three largest began operating in late 2024 and early 2025.42 The state has some small-scale, customer-sited solar PV installations that have capacities of less than 1 megawatt each, such as roof-top panels, but only 6% of the state's solar generation came from small-scale generators. However, Georgia's total combined electricity generation from utility-scale and small-scale solar PV more than doubled between 2020 and 2024.43
Georgia ranks first among the states in electricity generation from biomass.
In 2024, biomass, primarily wood and wood-derived fuels, was the second-largest source of Georgia's renewable generation. Biomass accounted for three-tenths of the state's renewable generation and about 3% of Georgia's total generation.44 The state ranks first in the amount of electricity generated from biomass resources.45 About 22 million acres of Georgia's 24 million acres of forest are available for commercial use, and there are many wood product manufacturing plants in the state. Georgia has six wood pellet manufacturing plants, including the nation's largest with a capacity of 826,733 tons per year. Georgia's combined wood pellet production capacity is about 1.8 million tons per year.46,47 The state is also one of the nation's top wood pellet exporters. Most of the wood pellet exports go to Europe where they are used as fuel for electricity generation.48
With 14 river basins and thousands of dams, Georgia has abundant hydroelectric power resources.49,50 The state has 27 conventional hydroelectric power plants and 4 hydroelectric pumped-storage facilities.51 In 2024, conventional hydroelectric power accounted for almost one-fifth of Georgia's electricity generation from renewable resources and 2% of the state's total generation.52 The state was the 7th-largest hydroelectric power producer east of the Mississippi River and the 15th-largest producer of hydroelectricity in the nation.53 Georgia's hydroelectric pumped-storage facilities supplement state power supplies in periods of high electricity demand. During periods of low demand for electricity, water is pumped from a lower reservoir to an upper reservoir using relatively inexpensive power. The water is released from the upper reservoir in periods of high demand, generating electricity as the water flows back through turbines on its way to the lower reservoir. Although pumped storage facilities use more power than they generate, they can supply power in periods of peak demand when it is needed.54
Georgia has no utility-scale wind-powered electricity generation.55 The state has limited onshore wind energy potential, all of it in small areas on the mountain ridges along the state's northern border and in a narrow strip along the state's 100-mile Atlantic coastline. Georgia has additional wind resource potential offshore in the Atlantic Ocean.56,57 In January 2025, the federal government temporarily withdrew all federal offshore areas from leasing for wind energy development.58
Georgia does not produce any biodiesel, but the state consumes about 13 million gallons of biodiesel annually.59,60 Georgia also consumes 461 million gallons of fuel ethanol a year.61 Almost all motor gasoline sold in the United States is blended with at least 10% ethanol.62 Georgia has one ethanol plant, which uses ethanol to make up to 10 million gallons of cleaner-burning jet fuel annually.63
Georgia does not have a renewable energy portfolio standard, nor does it have a voluntary renewable energy target. However, several utilities in the state offer financial incentives that promote energy efficiency, renewable generation, and electric vehicle use. State policies include electric vehicle tax incentives, as well as energy standards for public buildings, interconnection guidelines, and solar easement regulations.64 Georgia allowed, but did not require, utilities to offer net metering. However, in 2019 a regulatory change required the state's largest utility to offer net metering for up to 5,000 rooftop solar customers or 32 megawatts of capacity, whichever came first. That limit was reached in 2021.65
Petroleum
Georgia does not have any crude oil production or proved petroleum reserves.66,67 None of the nearly 200 crude oil exploration wells drilled in the state during the 20th century were successful.68,69 Georgia's last crude oil refinery closed at the end of 2014.70,71 No crude oil pipelines cross the state, but Georgia receives refined petroleum products from two interstate petroleum product pipelines—the Colonial Pipeline and the PPL Pipeline (formerly known as the Plantation Pipeline). These pipelines move gasoline and other petroleum products through Georgia to supply half a dozen other southern and eastern states.72,73 A third interstate pipeline—the Dixie Pipeline—supplies propane to customers in Georgia and six other southeastern states.74 The Port of Savannah also receives petroleum product imports from around the world.75
As in many states, petroleum provides the largest share of the energy consumed in Georgia, accounting for one-third of the state's total energy use.76 The state ranks among the top 10 states in total petroleum consumption, but is among the lowest one-fourth of states in per capita petroleum use.77 The transportation sector accounts for almost nine-tenths of the state's petroleum use. About three-fifths of that is motor gasoline.78,79 Georgia's extensive transportation network—including interstate highways, the nation's fastest growing port, the world's busiest passenger airport, and two major railroads—uses much of the rest of the petroleum consumed in the state's transportation sector as diesel fuel or jet fuel.80,81 The state's industrial sector is the second-largest petroleum consumer, and it uses about 8% of the petroleum consumed in Georgia. The commercial sector accounts for almost 3% of the state's petroleum use, and the residential sector, where fewer than 5 in 100 households heat with petroleum products (mostly propane), consumes 1%.82,83 The electric power sector uses a very small amount of petroleum.84
Natural gas
Georgia does not have any natural gas proved reserves or production.85,86 Georgia receives the natural gas it needs from other states. Most of Georgia's natural gas supply arrives by pipeline through Alabama, with a small amount coming from South Carolina.87 In the past, the state also received natural gas from other countries through the Elba Island liquefied natural gas (LNG) import terminal.88 The state's LNG imports peaked in 2007, but as U.S. natural gas production has increased in the past 16 years, Georgia's import volumes have declined from a peak of about 170 billion cubic feet in 2007 to none since 2021.89,90 Because of shifting market conditions, the Elba Island LNG terminal added liquefaction facilities to enable the export of up to 350 million cubic feet of natural gas per day. The terminal began commercial export operations in 2019.91,92 In 2023, the Elba Island export terminal sent nearly 109 billion cubic feet of LNG to 15 countries. About three-fifths of the natural gas that entered Georgia in 2023 left the state, and most of it continued on to South Carolina and Florida.93
Georgia’s electric power sector accounts for almost three-fifths of the state’s natural gas consumption.
Although natural gas consumption in Georgia is greater than in almost four-fifths of the states, Georgia's per capita natural gas consumption is less than in about two-thirds of the states.94 In 2023, 57% of the natural gas delivered to Georgia consumers was used for electricity generation, making the electric power sector the state's largest natural gas consumer.95 The industrial sector was the second-largest natural gas consumer and accounted for one-fifth of state use. The residential sector, where about four out of ten Georgia households use natural gas for home heating, made up about one-sixth of the state's natural consumption.96,97 The commercial sector accounted for most of the rest of state natural gas use. The transportation sector consumed a small amount of natural gas as vehicle fuel.98 The state has 17 public access and 31 private compressed natural gas vehicle fueling locations.99
Coal
Georgia has no active coal mines and only a small amount of recoverable coal reserves.100 Some coal mining occurred in Georgia as early as the 1830s, but commercial production ended in the mid-1980s.101 Because many of the state's coal-fired power plants retired during the past 16 years, coal consumption in Georgia's electric power sector declined from about 41 million tons in 2007 to about 8.6 million tons in 2023. Almost all of the coal used in Georgia fuels electricity generation, but 2% of the coal consumed in the state goes to industrial facilities.102,103 In 2023, coal from Wyoming, Illinois, and a few other states went to Georgia's two remaining coal-fired power plants, and the state's industrial plants received coal from Kentucky.104,105 The Port of Savannah handles a small amount of U.S. coal exports. No coal imports have arrived at the port since 2019.106
Endnotes
1 NETSTATE, Georgia, The Geography of Georgia, accessed February 19, 2025.
2 U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Georgia Profile Data, Reserves, accessed February 19, 2025.
3 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table P2, Primary Energy Production Estimates in Trillion Btu, 2022.
4 Georgia Forestry Commission, Georgia Forest Facts, accessed February 19, 2025.
5 Georgia Forestry Association, #1 Forestry State, A National and Global Leader in Forestry, accessed February 19, 2025.
6 U.S. EIA, Electricity, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of January 2025, Plant State: Georgia, Technology: Wood/Wood Waste Biomass.
7 U.S. EIA, Monthly Densified Biomass Fuel Report, Table 1, Densified biomass fuel manufacturing facilities in the United States by state, region, and capacity, November 2024.
8 Parker, Amanda K., "Reservoirs," New Georgia Encyclopedia, Geography & Environment, Conservation & Management, updated September 3, 2019.
9 Roberts, Billy J., Global horizontal Solar Irradiance, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (February 22, 2018).
10 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, WINDExchange, Wind Energy in Georgia, Maps & Data, accessed February 19, 2025.
11 The White House, "Temporary Withdrawal of All Areas on the Outer Continental Shelf from Offshore Wind Leasing and Review of the Federal Government's Leasing and Permitting Practices for Wind Projects," Press Release (January 20, 2025).
12 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C11, Total Energy Consumption Estimates by End-Use Sector, Ranked by State, 2022.
13 U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. and World Population Clock, Annual Population Estimate, Most Populous States, accessed February 19, 2025.
14 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C14, Total Energy Consumption Estimates per Capita by End-Use Sector, Ranked by State, 2022.
15 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F35, Total Energy Consumption, Price, and Expenditure Estimates, 2022.
16 Airports Council International, "Top 10 Busiest Airports in the World Shift with the Rise of International Air Travel Demand," Press Release (April 15, 2024).
17 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F35, Total Energy Consumption, Price, and Expenditure Estimates, 2022.
18 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F35, Total Energy Consumption, Price, and Expenditure Estimates, 2022.
19 U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Data, Interactive Data, GDP & Personal Income, Annual Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by State, SAGDP2 GDP in Current Dollars, Georgia, All statistics in table, 2023.
20 Knox, Pam, "Georgia's Climate Is Peachy!" The CoCoRaHS, ‘State Climate' Series, accessed February 19, 2025.
21 U.S. EIA, Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS), 2020 RECS Survey Data, State Data, Highlights for air conditioning in U.S. homes by state, 2020.
22 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C14, Total Energy Consumption Estimates per Capita by End-Use Sector, Ranked by State, 2022.
23 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F35, Total Energy Consumption, Price, and Expenditure Estimates, 2022.
24 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, Georgia, Annual, 2001-24.
25 U.S. EIA, Electric Power Monthly (February 2025), Table 1.9.B.
26 U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Georgia, accessed February 19, 2025.
27 U.S. EIA, Electricity, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of January 2025, Plant State: Georgia, Technology: Nuclear.
28 U.S. EIA, "Plant Vogtle Unit 4 begins commercial operation," Today in Energy (May 1, 2024).
29 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, Georgia, Annual, 2001-24.
30 U.S. EIA, Electricity, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Retired Generators as of January 2025, Plant state: Georgia, Technology: Conventional Steam Coal.
31 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, Georgia, Annual, 2001-24.
32 U.S. EIA, Electric Power Monthly (February 2025), Table 1.3.B.
33 U.S. EIA, Georgia Electricity Profile 2023, Table 10, Supply and disposition of electricity, 1990 through 2023.
34 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Retail sales of electricity, Georgia, Annual, 2001-24.
35 U.S. Census Bureau, Tables, Table B25040, House Heating Fuel, Georgia, 2023 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.
36 U.S. EIA, Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS), 2020 RECS Survey Data, State Data, Highlights for air conditioning in U.S. homes by state, 2020.
37 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Retail sales of electricity, Georgia, Annual, 2001-24.
38 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F39, Electric light-duty vehicles overview, 2023.
39 U.S. EIA, Monthly Energy Review (January 2025), Appendix F.1, Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure, monthly state file, XLS.
40 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, Georgia, Annual, 2001-24.
41 U.S. EIA, Electricity, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of January 2025, Plant State: Georgia, Technology: Solar Photovoltaic.
42 U.S. EIA, Electricity, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of January 2025, Plant State: Georgia, Technology: Solar Photovoltaic.
43 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, Georgia, Annual, 2001-24.
44 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, Georgia, Annual, 2001-24.
45 U.S. EIA, Electric Power Monthly (February 2025), Table 1.15.B.
46 Georgia Forestry Association, The #1 Forestry State in the Nation, updated July 2023.
47 U.S. EIA, Monthly Densified Biomass Fuel Report (January 31, 2025), Table 1, Densified biomass fuel manufacturing facilities in the United States by state, region, and capacity, November 2024.
48 Muhammad, Andrew, "U.S. Wood Pellets Exports Continue to Reach Record Levels," Southern Ag Today (March 9, 2023).
49 Meyer, Judith L., and Gretchen Loeffler, "River Basins," New Georgia Encyclopedia, Geography & Environment, updated December 10, 2019.
50 Parker, Amanda K., "Reservoirs," New Georgia Encyclopedia, Geography & Environment, updated September 3, 2019.
51 U.S. EIA, Electricity, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of January 2025. Plant State: Georgia, Technology: Conventional Hydroelectric, Hydroelectric Pumped Storage.
52 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, Georgia, Annual, 2001-24.
53 U.S. EIA, Electric Power Monthly (February 2025), Table 1.10.B.
54 U.S. EIA, "Pumped storage provides grid reliability even with net generation loss," Today in Energy (July 8, 2013).
55 U.S. EIA, Net generation for all sectors, Georgia, Annual, 2001-24.
56 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, WINDExchange, Maps & Data, accessed February 20, 2025.
57 U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2011, Table 360, Coastline and Shoreline of the United States by State.
58 The White House, "Temporary Withdrawal of All Areas on the Outer Continental Shelf from Offshore Wind Leasing and Review of the Federal Government's Leasing and Permitting Practices for Wind Projects," Press Release (January 20, 2025).
59 U.S. EIA, U.S. Biodiesel Plant Production Capacity (August 15, 2024), Detailed annual production capacity by plant is available in XLSX format.
60 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F30, Biodiesel Consumption Estimates, 2022.
61 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F29, Fuel ethanol consumption estimates, 2022.
62 U.S. EIA, "Almost all U.S. gasoline is blended with 10% ethanol," Today in Energy (May 4, 2016).
63 Chipman, Kim, "World's first ethanol-to-jet fuel plant opens in Georgia," Farm Progress (January 25, 2024).
64 NC Clean Energy Technology Center, DSIRE, Georgia, Programs, accessed February 20, 2025.
65 NC Clean Energy Technology Center, DSIRE, Georgia, Net Metering, updated January 2, 2025.
66 U.S. EIA, Crude Oil Production, Annual, Annual-Thousand Barrels, 2018-23.
67 U.S. EIA, Proved Nonproducing Reserves, Crude Oil, Annual, 2016-21.
68 Swanson, David E., and Andrea Gernazian, Petroleum Exploration Wells in Georgia, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Georgia Geologic Survey Information Circular 51 (1979), Introduction.
69 Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Environmental Protection Division, Georgia Geologic Survey Information Circulars, IC-77, Petroleum Exploration Wells in Georgia, 1979-1984 (1988), p. 1.
70 U.S. EIA, Number and Capacity of Petroleum Refineries, Georgia, Annual (as of January 1), 2019-24.
71 U.S. EIA, Refinery Capacity Report (June 14, 2024),2023, Table 13, Refineries Permanently Shutdown By PAD District Between January 1, 1990 and January 1, 2024.
72 Colonial Pipeline Company, System Map, accessed February 21, 2025.
73 Kinder Morgan, Inc., Products (SE) Pipe Line Corporation, accessed February 21, 2025.
74 Enterprise Products Partners L.P., Dixie Pipeline, accessed February 21, 2025.
75 U.S. EIA, Petroleum and Other Liquids, Company Level Imports, Previous Issues, January—December 2024.
76 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C1, Energy Consumption Overview: Estimates by Energy Source and End-Use Sector, 2022.
77 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C15, Petroleum Consumption Estimates, Total and per Capita, Ranked by State, 2022.
78 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F16, Total Petroleum Consumption Estimates, 2022.
79 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C8, Transportation Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, 2022.
80 Georgia Power, Economic Development, Why Georgia, Transportation, accessed February 24, 2025.
81 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C8, Transportation Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, 2022.
82 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F16, Total Petroleum Consumption Estimates, 2022.
83 U.S. Census Bureau, Tables, Table B25040, House Heating Fuel, Georgia, 2023 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.
84 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F16, Total Petroleum Consumption Estimates, 2022.
85 U.S. EIA, Dry Natural Gas Proved Reserves, Annual, 2016-21.
86 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Production, Annual-Million Cubic Feet, 2018-23.
87 U.S. EIA, International & Interstate Movements of Natural Gas by State, Georgia, Annual, 2018-23.
88 U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, United States LNG Import Terminals Existing, updated January 30, 2025.
89 U.S. EIA, U.S. Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals, Annual, 1936-2024.
90 U.S. EIA, Georgia Natural Gas International Receipts, 1967-2023.
91 U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, United States LNG Export Terminals Existing, update February 25, 2025.
92 Will, Owen, "Kinder Morgan brings final Elba Island LNG liquefaction unit online," LNG Industry (August 28, 2020).
93 U.S. EIA, International & Interstate Movements of Natural Gas by State, Georgia, Annual, 2018-23.
94 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C16, Natural Gas Consumption, Total and per Capita, Ranked by State, 2022.
95 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Consumption by End Use, Georgia, Annual, 2018-23.
96 U.S. Census Bureau, Tables, Table B25040, House Heating Fuel, Georgia, 2023 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.
97 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Consumption by End Use, Georgia, Annual, 2018-23.
98 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Consumption by End Use, Georgia, Annual, 2018-23.
99 U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Alternative Fuels Data Center, Alternative Fueling Station Locator, Virginia, Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), Public and Private Access, Available, accessed February 24, 2025.
100 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report (October 30, 2024), Table 1, Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Mine Type, 2023 and 2022, and Table 15, Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines, Estimated Recoverable Reserves, and Demonstrated Reserve Base by Mining Method, 2023.
101 Cooksey, Elizabeth B., "Dade County," New Georgia Encyclopedia, updated June 23, 2022.
102 U.S. EIA, Coal Data Browser, Total Consumption, Georgia, 2001-23.
103 U.S. EIA, Electricity, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Retired Generators as of January 2025, Plant State: Georgia, Technology: Conventional Steam Coal.
104 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Distribution Report (October 30, 2024), By Coal Destination State, Georgia, Table DS-9, Domestic Coal Distribution, by Destination State, 2023.
105 U.S. EIA, Electricity, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of January 2025, Plant State: Georgia, Technology: Conventional Steam Coal.
106 U.S. EIA, Quarterly Coal Report, Previous reports, 4th Quarter 2019-23, Table 13, Coal Exports by Customs District and Table 20, Coal Imports by Customs District.