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Minnesota   Minnesota Profile

State Profile and Energy Estimates

Changes to the State Energy Data System (SEDS) Notice: In October 2023, we are updating the way we calculate primary energy consumption of electricity generation from noncombustible renewable energy sources (solar, wind, hydroelectric, and geothermal). Visit our Changes to 1960—2022 conversion factor for renewable energy page to learn more.

Profile DataPrint State Energy Profile
(overview, data, & analysis)

Last Update: September 21, 2023 | Next Update: October 19, 2023                                                                                                                                                 See full record of updates

Data in this section highlight only a small number of the many series available for this state. Use the "more" links on this page or the "Find" tool to access EIA's additional state-level data.

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Energy Indicators  
Demography Minnesota Share of U.S. Period
Population 5.7 million 1.7% 2022  
Civilian Labor Force 3.1 million 1.9% Jul-23  
Economy Minnesota U.S. Rank Period
Gross Domestic Product $ 446.5 billion 20 2022  
Gross Domestic Product for the Manufacturing Sector $ 58,695 million 17 2022  
Per Capita Personal Income $ 68,010 15 2022  
Vehicle Miles Traveled 57,171 million miles 22 2021  
Land in Farms 25.4 million acres 15 2022  
Climate Minnesota U.S. Rank Period
Average Temperature 40.0 degrees Fahrenheit 47 2022  
Precipitation 26.8 inches 35 2022  
Prices  
Petroleum Minnesota U.S. Average Period find more
Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase -- $ 68.58 /barrel Jun-23  
Natural Gas Minnesota U.S. Average Period find more
City Gate $ 4.70 /thousand cu ft $ 4.68 /thousand cu ft Jun-23 find more
Residential $ 18.40 /thousand cu ft $ 20.16 /thousand cu ft Jun-23 find more
Coal Minnesota U.S. Average Period find more
Average Sales Price -- $ 36.50 /short ton 2021  
Delivered to Electric Power Sector $ 2.36 /million Btu $ 2.47 /million Btu Jun-23  
Electricity Minnesota U.S. Average Period find more
Residential 15.54 cents/kWh 16.11 cents/kWh Jun-23 find more
Commercial 13.40 cents/kWh 12.81 cents/kWh Jun-23 find more
Industrial 9.86 cents/kWh 8.21 cents/kWh Jun-23 find more
Reserves  
Reserves Minnesota Share of U.S. Period find more
Crude Oil (as of Dec. 31) -- -- 2021 find more
Expected Future Production of Dry Natural Gas (as of Dec. 31) -- -- 2021 find more
Expected Future Production of Natural Gas Plant Liquids -- -- 2021 find more
Recoverable Coal at Producing Mines -- -- 2021 find more
Rotary Rigs & Wells Minnesota Share of U.S. Period find more
Natural Gas Producing Wells -- -- 2020 find more
Capacity Minnesota Share of U.S. Period
Crude Oil Refinery Capacity (as of Jan. 1) 439,000 barrels/calendar day 2.4% 2022  
Electric Power Industry Net Summer Capacity 18,414 MW 1.6% Jun-23  
Supply & Distribution  
Production Minnesota Share of U.S. Period find more
Total Energy 520 trillion Btu 0.5% 2021 find more
Crude Oil -- -- Jun-23 find more
Natural Gas - Marketed -- -- 2021 find more
Coal -- -- 2021 find more
Total Utility-Scale Net Electricity Generation Minnesota Share of U.S. Period find more
Total Net Electricity Generation 5,086 thousand MWh 1.4% Jun-23  
Utility-Scale Net Electricity Generation (share of total) Minnesota U.S. Average Period
Petroleum-Fired 0.2 % 0.3 % Jun-23 find more
Natural Gas-Fired 32.6 % 45.3 % Jun-23 find more
Coal-Fired 23.6 % 16.2 % Jun-23 find more
Nuclear 20.2 % 18.2 % Jun-23 find more
Renewables 22.9 % 19.6 % Jun-23  
Stocks Minnesota Share of U.S. Period find more
Motor Gasoline (Excludes Pipelines) 261 thousand barrels 2.0% Jun-23  
Distillate Fuel Oil (Excludes Pipelines) 1,447 thousand barrels 1.7% Jun-23 find more
Natural Gas in Underground Storage 5,683 million cu ft 0.1% Jun-23 find more
Petroleum Stocks at Electric Power Producers 103 thousand barrels 0.4% Jun-23 find more
Coal Stocks at Electric Power Producers 3,001 thousand tons 2.3% Jun-23 find more
Fueling Stations Minnesota Share of U.S. Period
Motor Gasoline 2,060 stations 1.9% 2021  
Propane 42 stations 1.7% Aug-23  
Electric Vehicle Charging Locations 660 stations 1.2% Aug-23  
E85 419 stations 9.8% Aug-23  
Compressed Natural Gas and Other Alternative Fuels 285 stations 10.2% Aug-23  
Consumption & Expenditures  
Summary Minnesota U.S. Rank Period
Total Consumption 1,816 trillion Btu 18 2021 find more
Total Consumption per Capita 319 million Btu 19 2021 find more
Total Expenditures $ 22,680 million 22 2021 find more
Total Expenditures per Capita $ 3,971 27 2021 find more
by End-Use Sector Minnesota Share of U.S. Period
Consumption
    »  Residential 415 trillion Btu 2.0% 2021 find more
    »  Commercial 348 trillion Btu 2.0% 2021 find more
    »  Industrial 608 trillion Btu 1.9% 2021 find more
    »  Transportation 444 trillion Btu 1.6% 2021 find more
Expenditures
    »  Residential $ 5,104 million 1.8% 2021 find more
    »  Commercial $ 3,611 million 1.8% 2021 find more
    »  Industrial $ 4,011 million 1.7% 2021 find more
    »  Transportation $ 9,954 million 1.6% 2021 find more
by Source Minnesota Share of U.S. Period
Consumption
    »  Petroleum 115 million barrels 1.6% 2021 find more
    »  Natural Gas 495 billion cu ft 1.6% 2021 find more
    »  Coal 10 million short tons 1.9% 2021 find more
Expenditures
    »  Petroleum $ 12,508 million 1.6% 2021 find more
    »  Natural Gas $ 3,221 million 1.7% 2021 find more
    »  Coal $ 392 million 1.7% 2021 find more
Consumption for Electricity Generation Minnesota Share of U.S. Period find more
Petroleum 21 thousand barrels 1.3% Jun-23 find more
Natural Gas 7,728 million cu ft 0.9% Apr-23 find more
Coal 706 thousand short tons 2.1% Jun-23 find more
Energy Source Used for Home Heating (share of households) Minnesota U.S. Average Period
Natural Gas 64.7 % 46.5 % 2021  
Fuel Oil 1.3 % 4.1 % 2021  
Electricity 19.4 % 41.0 % 2021  
Propane 11.1 % 5.0 % 2021  
Other/None 3.5 % 3.5 % 2021  
Environment  
Renewable Energy Capacity Minnesota Share of U.S. Period find more
Total Renewable Energy Electricity Net Summer Capacity 6,614 MW 2.1% Jun-23  
Ethanol Plant Nameplate Capacity 1,418 million gal/year 8.0% 2023  
Renewable Energy Production Minnesota Share of U.S. Period find more
Utility-Scale Hydroelectric Net Electricity Generation 57 thousand MWh 0.3% Jun-23  
Utility-Scale Solar, Wind, and Geothermal Net Electricity Generation 1,001 thousand MWh 2.2% Jun-23  
Utility-Scale Biomass Net Electricity Generation 106 thousand MWh 2.7% Jun-23  
Small-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Generation 34 thousand MWh 0.5% Jun-23  
Fuel Ethanol Production 30,446 thousand barrels 8.5% 2021  
Renewable Energy Consumption Minnesota U.S. Rank Period find more
Renewable Energy Consumption as a Share of State Total 16.4 % 18 2021  
Fuel Ethanol Consumption 7,148 thousand barrels 18 2021  
Total Emissions Minnesota Share of U.S. Period find more
Carbon Dioxide 83.2 million metric tons 1.7% 2021  
Electric Power Industry Emissions Minnesota Share of U.S. Period find more
Carbon Dioxide 23,176 thousand metric tons 1.4% 2021  
Sulfur Dioxide 14 thousand metric tons 1.2% 2021  
Nitrogen Oxide 21 thousand metric tons 1.7% 2021  

Notes & Sources

-- = No data reported.
*  = Value is less than half of the smallest unit of measure (e.g., for values with no decimals, the smallest unit is 1 then values less than 0.5 are shown as *.)
NA = Not available.
NM = Not meaningful due to large relative standard error or excessive percentage change.
W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.
Note: Small differences between source data and values displayed here may be due to independent rounding.
Note: Components of "Utility-scale net electricity generation (share of total)" may not add to 100% because "Total utility-scale net electricity generation" includes net generation from petroleum coke, pumped storage hydroelectric, other gases, and other energy sources, which are not shown separately.
Note: Territory data may be estimates based on EIA's Short-Term Energy Outlook.