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Minnesota   Minnesota Profile

State Profile and Energy Estimates

Changes to the State Energy Data System (SEDS) Notice: In October 2023, we updated the way we calculate primary energy consumption of electricity generation from noncombustible renewable energy sources (solar, wind, hydroelectric, and geothermal). Visit our Changes to 1960—2022 conversion factor for renewable energy page to learn more.

Profile DataPrint State Energy Profile
(overview, data, & analysis)

Last Update: April 18, 2024 Next Update: May 16, 2024                                                                                                                                               See full record of updates

Data in this section highlight only a small number of the many series available for this state. Use the "more" links on this page or the "Find" tool to access EIA's additional state-level data.

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Energy Indicators  
Demography Minnesota Share of U.S. Period
Population 5.7 million 1.7% 2023  
Civilian Labor Force 3.1 million 1.9% Feb-24  
Economy Minnesota U.S. Rank Period
Gross Domestic Product $ 446.5 billion 20 2022  
Gross Domestic Product for the Manufacturing Sector $ 58,695 million 17 2022  
Per Capita Personal Income $ 68,010 15 2022  
Vehicle Miles Traveled 57,471 million miles 21 2022  
Land in Farms 25.4 million acres 14 2023  
Climate Minnesota U.S. Rank Period
Average Temperature 43.9 degrees Fahrenheit 46 2023  
Precipitation 24.1 inches 38 2023  
Prices  
Petroleum Minnesota U.S. Average Period find more
Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase -- $ 72.26 /barrel Jan-24  
Natural Gas Minnesota U.S. Average Period find more
City Gate $ 4.61 /thousand cu ft $ 4.76 /thousand cu ft Jan-24 find more
Residential $ 8.66 /thousand cu ft $ 11.82 /thousand cu ft Jan-24 find more
Coal Minnesota U.S. Average Period find more
Average Sales Price -- $ 54.46 /short ton 2022  
Delivered to Electric Power Sector $ 2.31 /million Btu $ 2.48 /million Btu Jan-24  
Electricity Minnesota U.S. Average Period find more
Residential 14.04 cents/kWh 15.45 cents/kWh Jan-24 find more
Commercial 11.51 cents/kWh 12.68 cents/kWh Jan-24 find more
Industrial 9.13 cents/kWh 8.10 cents/kWh Jan-24 find more
Reserves  
Reserves Minnesota Share of U.S. Period find more
Crude Oil (as of Dec. 31) -- -- 2021 find more
Expected Future Production of Dry Natural Gas (as of Dec. 31) -- -- 2021 find more
Expected Future Production of Natural Gas Plant Liquids -- -- 2021 find more
Recoverable Coal at Producing Mines -- -- 2022 find more
Rotary Rigs & Wells Minnesota Share of U.S. Period find more
Natural Gas Producing Wells -- -- 2020 find more
Capacity Minnesota Share of U.S. Period
Crude Oil Refinery Capacity (as of Jan. 1) 440,000 barrels/calendar day 2.4% 2023  
Electric Power Industry Net Summer Capacity 17,872 MW 1.5% Jan-24  
Supply & Distribution  
Production Minnesota Share of U.S. Period find more
Total Energy 520 trillion Btu 0.5% 2021 find more
Crude Oil -- -- Jan-24 find more
Natural Gas - Marketed -- -- 2022 find more
Coal -- -- 2022 find more
Total Utility-Scale Net Electricity Generation Minnesota Share of U.S. Period find more
Total Net Electricity Generation 5,137 thousand MWh 1.4% Jan-24  
Utility-Scale Net Electricity Generation (share of total) Minnesota U.S. Average Period
Petroleum-Fired NM 0.4 % Jan-24 find more
Natural Gas-Fired 28.2 % 42.2 % Jan-24 find more
Coal-Fired 34.0 % 19.9 % Jan-24 find more
Nuclear 8.1 % 18.2 % Jan-24 find more
Renewables 29.2 % 18.8 % Jan-24  
Stocks Minnesota Share of U.S. Period find more
Motor Gasoline (Excludes Pipelines) 349 thousand barrels 2.9% Jan-24  
Distillate Fuel Oil (Excludes Pipelines) 2,136 thousand barrels 2.2% Jan-24 find more
Natural Gas in Underground Storage 6,554 million cu ft 0.1% Jan-24 find more
Petroleum Stocks at Electric Power Producers 80 thousand barrels 0.4% Jan-24 find more
Coal Stocks at Electric Power Producers 2,680 thousand tons 2.2% Jan-24 find more
Fueling Stations Minnesota Share of U.S. Period
Motor Gasoline 2,060 stations 1.9% 2021  
Propane 42 stations 1.7% Mar-24  
Electric Vehicle Charging Locations 753 stations 1.2% Mar-24  
E85 408 stations 9.5% Mar-24  
Biodiesel, Compressed Natural Gas, and Other Alternative Fuels 287 stations 10.2% Mar-24  
Consumption & Expenditures  
Summary Minnesota U.S. Rank Period
Total Consumption 1,816 trillion Btu 18 2021 find more
Total Consumption per Capita 319 million Btu 19 2021 find more
Total Expenditures $ 22,680 million 22 2021 find more
Total Expenditures per Capita $ 3,971 27 2021 find more
by End-Use Sector Minnesota Share of U.S. Period
Consumption
    »  Residential 415 trillion Btu 2.0% 2021 find more
    »  Commercial 348 trillion Btu 2.0% 2021 find more
    »  Industrial 608 trillion Btu 1.9% 2021 find more
    »  Transportation 444 trillion Btu 1.6% 2021 find more
Expenditures
    »  Residential $ 5,104 million 1.8% 2021 find more
    »  Commercial $ 3,611 million 1.8% 2021 find more
    »  Industrial $ 4,011 million 1.7% 2021 find more
    »  Transportation $ 9,954 million 1.6% 2021 find more
by Source Minnesota Share of U.S. Period
Consumption
    »  Petroleum 115 million barrels 1.6% 2021 find more
    »  Natural Gas 507 billion cu ft 1.6% 2022 find more
    »  Coal 10,478 thousand short tons 2.0% 2022 find more
Expenditures
    »  Petroleum $ 12,508 million 1.6% 2021 find more
    »  Natural Gas $ 4,767 million 1.8% 2022 find more
    »  Coal $ 439 million 1.6% 2022 find more
Consumption for Electricity Generation Minnesota Share of U.S. Period find more
Petroleum NM NM Jan-24 find more
Natural Gas 10,121 million cu ft 0.9% Jan-24 find more
Coal 952 thousand tons 2.2% Jan-24 find more
Energy Source Used for Home Heating (share of households) Minnesota U.S. Average Period
Natural Gas 65.3 % 46.2 % 2022  
Fuel Oil 1.2 % 3.9 % 2022  
Electricity 18.7 % 41.3 % 2022  
Propane 11.2 % 5.0 % 2022  
Other/None 3.6 % 3.5 % 2022  
Environment  
Renewable Energy Capacity Minnesota Share of U.S. Period find more
Total Renewable Energy Electricity Net Summer Capacity 6,754 MW 2.0% Jan-24  
Ethanol Plant Nameplate Capacity 1,418 million gal/year 8.0% 2023  
Renewable Energy Production Minnesota Share of U.S. Period find more
Utility-Scale Hydroelectric Net Electricity Generation 63 thousand MWh 0.3% Jan-24  
Utility-Scale Solar, Wind, and Geothermal Net Electricity Generation 1,329 thousand MWh 2.9% Jan-24  
Utility-Scale Biomass Net Electricity Generation 107 thousand MWh 2.6% Jan-24  
Small-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Generation 17 thousand MWh 0.4% Jan-24  
Fuel Ethanol Production 30,446 thousand barrels 8.5% 2021  
Renewable Energy Consumption Minnesota U.S. Rank Period find more
Renewable Energy Consumption as a Share of State Total 16.4 % 18 2021  
Fuel Ethanol Consumption 7,148 thousand barrels 18 2021  
Total Emissions Minnesota Share of U.S. Period find more
Carbon Dioxide 83.2 million metric tons 1.7% 2021  
Electric Power Industry Emissions Minnesota Share of U.S. Period find more
Carbon Dioxide 22,327 thousand metric tons 1.4% 2022  
Sulfur Dioxide 14 thousand metric tons 1.3% 2022  
Nitrogen Oxide 21 thousand metric tons 1.7% 2022  

Notes & Sources

-- = No data reported.
*  = Value is less than half of the smallest unit of measure (e.g., for values with no decimals, the smallest unit is 1 then values less than 0.5 are shown as *.)
NA = Not available.
NM = Not meaningful due to large relative standard error or excessive percentage change.
W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.
Note: Small differences between source data and values displayed here may be due to independent rounding.
Note: Components of "Utility-scale net electricity generation (share of total)" may not add to 100% because "Total utility-scale net electricity generation" includes net generation from petroleum coke, pumped storage hydroelectric, other gases, and other energy sources, which are not shown separately.
Note: Territory data may be estimates based on EIA's Short-Term Energy Outlook.