What is U.S. electricity generation by energy source?
In 2019, about 4,127 billion kilowatthours (kWh) (or about 4.13 trillion kWh) of electricity were generated at utility-scale electricity generation facilities in the United States.1 About 63% of this electricity generation was from fossil fuels—coal, natural gas, petroleum, and other gases. About 20% was from nuclear energy, and about 18% was from renewable energy sources.
The U.S. Energy Information Administration estimates that an additional 35 billion kWh of electricity generation was from small-scale solar photovoltaic systems in 2019.2
| Energy source | Billion kWh | Share of total |
|---|---|---|
| Total - all sources | 4,127 | |
| Fossil fuels (total) | 2,582 | 62.6% |
| Natural Gas | 1,586 | 38.4% |
| Coal | 965 | 23.4% |
| Petroleum (total) | 18 | 0.4% |
| Petroleum liquids | 12 | 0.3% |
| Petroelum coke | 7 | 0.2% |
| Other gases | 13 | 0.3% |
| Nuclear | 809 | 19.6% |
| Renewables (total) | 728 | 17.6% |
| Wind | 295 | 7.1% |
| Hydropower | 288 | 7.0% |
| Solar | 72 | 1.7% |
| Photovoltaic | 69 | 1.7% |
| Solar thermal | 3 | 0.1% |
| Biomass (total) | 58 | 1.4% |
| Wood | 39 | 0.9% |
| Landfill gas | 10 | 0.3% |
| Municipal solid waste (biogenic) | 6 | 0.1% |
| Other biomass waste | 2 | 0.1% |
| Geothermal | 15 | 0.4% |
| Pumped storage hydropower3 | -5 | -0.1% |
| Other sources3 | 13 | 0.3% |
1 Utility-scale electricity generation is electricity generation from power plants with at least one megawatt (or 1,000 kilowatts) of total electricity generating capacity. Data are for net electricity generation.
2 Small-scale solar photovoltaic systems are electricity generators with less than one megawatt of electricity generating capacity that are usually at or near the location where the electricity is consumed. Most small-scale solar photovoltaic systems are installed on building rooftops.
3 Pumped storage hydroelectricity generation is negative because most pumped storage electricity generation facilities use more electricity than they produce on an annual basis. Most pumped storage systems use fossil fuels or nuclear energy for pumping water to the storage component of the system.
Learn more:
Electric Power Monthly: Chapter 1: Net Generation
Electric Power Annual: Chapter 3: Net Generation
Monthly Energy Review: Electricity
Energy Explained: Electricity in the United States
Last updated: November 2, 2020
Other FAQs about Electricity
- What is the outlook for home heating fuel prices this winter?
- How much does it cost to generate electricity with different types of power plants?
- Does EIA publish electric utility rate, tariff, and demand charge data?
- How many power plants are there in the United States?
- How much of U.S. carbon dioxide emissions are associated with electricity generation?
- How much of U.S. energy consumption and electricity generation comes from renewable energy sources?
- How many alternative fuel and hybrid vehicles are there in the United States?
- How is electricity used in U.S. homes?
- How much electricity does an American home use?
- How much electricity is used for lighting in the United States?
- Does EIA publish data on peak or hourly electricity generation, demand, and prices?
- What is the difference between electricity generation capacity and electricity generation?
- How much electricity does a nuclear power plant generate?
- How much electricity is lost in electricity transmission and distribution in the United States?
- What is the efficiency of different types of power plants?
- How many smart meters are installed in the United States, and who has them?
- How many nuclear power plants are in the United States, and where are they located?
- How old are U.S. nuclear power plants, and when was the newest one built?
- What is U.S. electricity generation by energy source?
- How much energy does the world consume by each energy end-use sector?
- Does EIA publish energy consumption and price data for cities, counties, or by zip code?
- How much does it cost to build different types of power plants in the United States?
- Does EIA publish electricity consumption and price data by state and by utility?
- How much of world energy consumption and production is from renewable energy?
- Does EIA publish the location of electric power plants and transmission lines?
- Can electric utility customers choose their electricity supplier?
- How much coal, natural gas, or petroleum is used to generate a kilowatthour of electricity?
- Does EIA have data on each power plant in the United States?
- What types and amounts of energy are produced in each state?
- Does EIA have county-level energy production data?
- Does EIA have data on costs for electricity transmission and distribution?
- Does EIA have projections for energy production, consumption, and prices for individual states?
- How much electricity is used for cooling in the United States?