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Table ET2. Total end-use energy price and expenditure estimates, 1970-2023, United States
Table ET2. Total end-use energy price and expenditure estimates, 1970-2023, United States







Year		 Primary energy




Electricity k



Total
energy h,i,j



Coal		 Coal coke

Natural
gas a		 Petroleum Biomass


Total h,i,j

Exports
Imports		 Distillate
fuel oil b
HGL c		 Jet
fuel d		 Motor
gasoline e		 Residual
fuel oil
Other f
Total		 Wood and
waste g,h
Prices in dollars per million Btu
1970 0.48 1.27 0.93 0.68 1.18 1.45 0.73 2.85 0.44 1.39 1.82 1.35 1.31 4.98 1.65
1971 0.53 1.20 1.17 0.72 1.24 1.48 0.77 2.90 0.59 1.46 1.90 1.37 1.39 5.30 1.76
1972 0.57 1.01 1.01 0.78 1.24 1.51 0.77 2.88 0.61 1.50 1.91 1.39 1.43 5.54 1.84
1973 0.63 0.96 1.47 0.82 1.47 2.03 0.91 3.10 0.73 1.58 2.11 1.44 1.58 5.86 2.02
1974 1.23 1.37 2.20 0.98 2.46 2.85 1.57 4.32 1.77 2.61 3.20 1.55 2.32 7.42 2.87
1975 1.51 2.37 3.47 1.28 2.62 3.02 2.05 4.65 1.86 2.94 3.50 1.55 2.65 8.61 3.33
1976 1.50 2.05 3.41 1.56 2.78 3.27 2.25 4.84 1.84 3.08 3.64 1.58 2.85 9.13 3.57
1977 1.56 2.32 3.06 1.88 3.13 3.74 2.59 5.13 2.08 3.27 3.92 1.64 3.16 10.11 3.98
1978 1.73 2.87 2.90 2.08 3.27 3.70 2.87 5.24 2.01 3.46 4.05 1.67 3.32 10.92 4.23
1979 1.74 2.26 3.45 2.45 4.70 4.60 3.90 7.11 2.68 4.71 5.47 1.93 4.30 11.78 5.22
1980 1.87 2.54 3.19 3.05 6.72 5.78 6.36 9.84 3.60 7.04 7.68 2.26 5.84 13.95 6.89
1981 2.07 2.55 3.28 3.60 8.04 6.35 7.57 10.94 4.57 8.68 8.95 2.53 6.77 16.14 8.04
1982 2.10 2.49 3.10 4.45 7.79 6.86 7.23 10.39 4.53 7.88 8.61 2.61 6.90 18.16 8.47
1983 1.91 2.76 2.25 5.03 7.34 7.41 6.53 9.12 4.42 7.66 7.97 2.45 6.66 18.62 8.40
1984 1.90 2.68 3.27 5.04 7.39 7.17 6.25 8.89 4.71 7.80 7.83 2.55 6.54 18.50 8.30
1985 1.84 2.76 2.99 4.91 7.24 6.82 5.91 9.01 4.33 7.63 7.78 2.51 6.50 19.05 8.38
1986 1.74 2.63 3.11 4.46 5.70 6.65 3.92 6.79 2.34 6.06 5.93 2.15 5.22 19.05 7.32
1987 1.61 3.37 2.40 4.13 5.99 6.24 4.03 7.23 2.78 6.03 6.22 2.10 5.31 18.74 7.36
1988 1.63 2.85 2.90 4.08 5.86 6.06 3.80 7.33 2.30 5.66 6.14 2.12 5.22 18.68 7.29
1989 1.62 2.98 3.79 4.15 6.48 5.69 4.39 8.02 2.60 6.03 6.69 1.58 5.51 18.98 7.59
1990 1.63 3.53 3.80 4.17 7.72 7.00 5.68 9.12 3.07 6.53 7.73 1.58 6.19 19.32 8.29
1991 1.64 2.86 3.41 4.12 7.33 7.06 4.83 8.93 2.73 6.37 7.46 1.68 6.00 19.84 8.25
1992 1.63 2.78 3.35 4.19 7.12 6.40 4.52 8.96 2.16 6.00 7.28 1.61 5.90 20.06 8.16
1993 1.59 2.88 3.22 4.46 7.11 6.43 4.29 8.89 2.18 5.95 7.25 1.52 5.95 20.38 8.29
1994 1.58 2.46 3.31 4.55 7.05 6.76 3.95 8.99 2.27 5.85 7.27 1.48 5.99 20.33 8.33
1995 1.58 2.71 3.43 4.20 7.03 6.67 4.00 9.24 2.41 6.11 7.44 1.47 5.96 20.29 8.31
1996 1.57 2.20 3.87 4.62 7.92 8.18 4.82 9.86 2.69 6.49 8.18 1.38 6.54 20.16 8.77
1997 1.58 2.64 3.25 4.96 7.72 7.57 4.53 9.83 3.00 6.42 8.07 1.31 6.59 20.13 8.83
1998 1.54 3.73 3.07 4.64 6.64 6.09 3.35 8.47 2.21 5.39 6.86 1.44 5.81 19.80 8.22
1999 1.53 3.88 2.83 4.65 7.25 6.77 4.01 9.32 2.62 6.04 7.59 1.57 6.31 19.52 8.58
2000 1.50 3.64 2.66 5.97 9.94 9.79 6.64 11.91 4.48 7.75 10.09 1.83 8.29 20.03 10.33
2001 1.59 3.27 3.04 7.49 9.26 9.77 5.72 11.36 4.24 7.10 9.60 2.27 8.48 21.41 10.78
2002 1.69 3.25 3.04 5.97 8.69 8.30 5.33 10.71 3.99 7.37 9.05 2.33 7.71 21.15 10.10
2003 1.67 3.88 3.49 7.65 10.09 10.57 6.46 12.36 5.04 8.19 10.56 2.06 9.17 21.85 11.44
2004 1.92 3.28 7.23 8.64 12.30 12.56 8.93 14.72 5.19 9.11 12.60 2.34 10.86 22.38 12.90
2005 2.46 3.39 8.92 10.64 16.49 14.95 12.86 17.98 6.51 11.41 15.90 3.30 13.69 23.92 15.57
2006 2.71 3.19 6.31 10.92 18.66 17.32 14.80 20.40 7.87 13.95 18.21 3.27 15.40 26.15 17.40
2007 2.81 3.66 7.84 10.40 20.05 19.31 16.01 22.34 8.44 15.59 19.89 3.37 16.37 26.84 18.34
2008 3.39 4.33 18.76 11.68 26.52 23.92 22.56 26.09 12.44 20.09 24.72 4.07 19.84 28.62 21.53
2009 3.71 4.17 10.82 9.12 17.16 16.76 12.61 18.97 9.81 17.23 17.43 3.75 14.42 28.90 17.26
2010 3.92 6.74 13.37 8.54 21.05 19.10 16.32 22.64 11.67 21.35 20.98 3.86 16.47 28.92 18.92
2011 4.53 8.75 15.71 8.21 27.08 22.82 22.64 28.59 15.37 26.38 26.67 4.19 20.07 29.12 21.87
2012 4.59 8.65 13.64 7.28 27.99 17.10 23.04 29.42 16.97 26.24 26.92 4.00 20.05 28.98 21.84
2013 4.10 8.91 8.55 7.56 [R ] 27.64 16.54 22.12 28.61 16.16 26.62 26.28 4.21 19.42 [R ] 29.64 21.42
2014 3.75 9.94 4.73 8.33 26.76 17.68 20.63 27.49 14.58 26.32 25.53 4.62 [R ] 19.07 30.74 21.33
2015 3.54 9.28 5.90 7.14 18.64 10.68 [R ] 12.12 20.22 8.92 20.25 18.03 [R ] 3.85 [R ] 14.09 30.66 17.31
2016 3.18 8.75 5.78 6.55 15.84 [R ] 10.18 9.83 18.04 6.70 17.58 15.77 3.50 [R ] 12.49 30.26 15.95
2017 3.40 9.32 7.11 7.19 18.29 12.69 [R ] 12.09 20.26 8.83 18.71 17.95 3.57 [R ] 14.12 30.88 17.32
2018 3.56 10.53 10.66 7.12 [R ] 21.88 14.20 15.72 22.52 11.74 22.07 20.62 3.63 [R ] 15.69 31.02 18.61
2019 3.92 11.29 12.34 6.98 20.93 10.92 14.61 21.61 11.25 21.84 19.44 3.66 [R ] 14.91 [R ] 31.05 17.96
2020 3.55 10.56 10.22 6.74 17.18 9.21 [R ] 9.79 18.01 7.81 18.91 16.03 2.73 [R ] 12.46 31.19 16.24
2021 3.50 10.18 10.81 8.28 22.50 [R ] 15.14 14.51 24.80 11.93 23.28 21.87 3.38 [R ] 16.91 32.66 19.98
2022 5.10 13.79 20.50 10.76 [R ] 34.70 15.47 26.05 32.41 19.95 31.94 30.20 4.36 [R ] 23.03 [R ] 36.35 25.66
2023 5.84 15.84 18.58 9.64 29.66 11.35 20.90 29.02 16.59 27.75 26.05 4.26 20.23 37.34 23.59
Expenditures in million dollars
1970 2,393 78 4 9,741 6,173 2,395 1,441 31,596 1,249 4,166 47,021 450 59,530 23,345 82,875
1971 2,265 45 5 10,782 6,750 2,483 1,582 33,478 1,634 4,444 50,370 459 63,836 26,202 90,038
1972 2,438 31 5 11,847 7,359 2,834 1,601 35,346 1,699 4,771 53,609 489 68,358 29,712 98,070
1973 2,725 33 40 12,639 9,274 3,883 1,938 39,667 2,159 5,314 62,234 515 78,120 33,774 111,894
1974 5,059 44 193 14,660 14,625 5,256 3,139 54,194 4,866 8,277 90,357 558 110,783 42,586 153,369
1975 5,843 75 156 17,639 15,222 5,224 4,150 59,446 4,532 8,491 97,064 546 121,174 50,680 171,854
1976 5,767 67 111 21,855 17,881 5,995 4,506 64,977 5,359 9,922 108,641 637 136,943 56,972 193,916
1977 5,698 71 139 25,377 21,332 6,842 5,417 70,591 6,455 11,786 122,423 709 154,274 66,225 220,499
1978 6,079 49 411 28,491 22,894 6,649 6,130 74,513 5,865 13,338 129,390 800 165,121 74,159 239,280
1979 6,570 81 340 34,504 32,183 9,392 8,533 95,916 8,412 18,774 173,211 979 215,523 82,051 297,575
1980 6,157 130 52 42,705 39,893 10,929 13,856 124,408 11,127 26,035 226,248 1,224 276,255 98,095 374,350
1981 6,794 74 43 50,019 47,323 11,925 15,575 138,138 11,636 28,567 253,165 1,424 311,446 116,455 427,901
1982 5,708 61 9 57,055 43,482 12,975 14,955 130,305 10,516 22,442 234,676 1,505 299,089 127,393 426,482
1983 5,114 46 2 61,627 41,249 14,151 13,979 115,803 7,479 21,704 214,365 1,512 282,891 134,731 417,622
1984 5,798 69 47 65,648 44,117 14,201 15,097 114,429 8,673 22,979 219,496 1,596 292,893 142,420 435,313
1985 5,431 77 43 62,119 43,470 13,755 14,747 118,048 7,262 22,263 219,546 1,585 289,111 149,233 438,343
1986 4,904 66 25 53,396 34,807 12,847 10,505 91,529 4,198 18,403 172,288 1,349 232,298 151,793 384,091
1987 4,551 48 55 51,436 37,356 12,973 11,448 99,864 4,623 18,908 185,171 1,286 242,942 154,685 397,627
1988 4,869 77 194 54,966 38,360 12,909 11,318 103,323 3,791 17,990 187,691 1,363 249,505 162,063 411,568
1989 4,719 80 217 58,629 42,511 12,271 13,434 112,720 3,989 18,604 203,528 2,146 269,719 169,332 439,051
1990 4,748 50 72 57,469 48,794 13,845 17,784 126,558 4,879 21,408 233,268 1,889 297,961 176,691 474,652
1991 4,485 56 100 58,597 44,864 15,122 14,609 123,118 4,112 20,064 221,888 2,020 287,672 184,767 472,440
1992 4,322 48 174 61,847 44,669 14,307 13,559 125,249 3,421 19,691 220,897 2,027 289,939 186,906 476,845
1993 4,208 76 172 67,880 45,347 14,119 13,002 126,560 3,174 19,379 221,581 1,978 295,743 196,532 492,275
1994 4,164 60 274 69,525 46,511 16,243 12,474 130,068 3,212 19,565 228,073 2,049 304,025 200,831 504,856
1995 4,160 91 325 66,251 47,083 16,197 12,526 136,647 3,211 19,978 235,641 2,461 308,747 205,876 514,624
1996 4,049 88 244 76,517 55,905 21,086 15,770 148,344 3,414 21,607 266,125 2,340 349,187 211,105 560,293
1997 4,007 83 253 81,793 55,421 19,781 15,000 149,668 3,192 22,896 265,958 2,190 354,118 213,843 567,962
1998 3,635 104 292 72,096 47,880 15,241 11,239 132,730 2,097 20,634 229,820 2,183 307,921 218,361 526,283
1999 3,528 86 226 72,057 53,988 19,038 13,878 149,260 2,382 23,544 262,090 2,399 340,214 218,413 558,627
2000 3,535 103 249 94,990 77,009 27,970 23,781 192,153 5,308 28,374 354,595 2,867 456,133 231,577 687,711
2001 3,636 109 191 110,770 73,984 25,543 19,602 185,752 3,475 24,862 333,218 3,055 450,759 245,483 696,242
2002 3,590 64 244 90,697 68,559 22,980 17,802 179,796 3,657 25,729 318,523 3,376 416,366 247,598 663,964
2003 3,570 70 239 115,983 82,514 28,168 21,096 209,493 4,441 28,707 374,419 2,938 497,078 257,992 755,070
2004 4,154 107 1,232 129,410 104,845 34,408 30,219 254,873 5,693 35,277 465,315 3,074 603,077 268,133 871,210
2005 5,060 147 780 150,548 142,282 38,874 44,679 312,047 7,942 42,912 588,736 4,965 749,943 295,787 1,045,730
2006 5,371 128 636 146,374 163,345 45,355 50,007 357,286 9,504 52,054 677,552 5,053 834,858 323,962 1,158,821
2007 5,447 131 478 146,962 175,783 51,081 53,754 389,282 10,566 54,667 735,133 5,054 892,944 340,925 1,233,869
2008 6,352 210 1,676 168,530 219,381 59,610 72,046 438,237 14,709 62,029 866,011 5,947 1,048,305 360,454 1,408,759
2009 5,447 135 93 125,401 130,154 [R ] 43,052 36,354 317,082 9,658 44,646 580,947 [R ] 4,321 716,074 [R ] 350,435 1,066,509 [R ]
2010 6,648 245 403 122,312 166,848 [R ] 54,862 [R ] 48,346 376,491 12,461 54,542 713,550 [R ] 5,686 848,354 [R ] 365,913 1,214,267 [R ]
2011 7,377 210 552 118,510 220,469 [R ] 64,039 [R ] 66,773 462,435 14,755 63,327 891,798 [R ] 6,364 1,024,390 [R ] 368,009 1,392,400 [R ]
2012 7,150 209 384 100,466 219,455 [R ] 49,258 66,845 473,216 13,041 58,550 880,365 [R ] 6,086 994,241 [R ] 360,863 1,355,104 [R ]
2013 6,509 186 29 114,595 [R ] 220,818 [R ] 52,282 65,668 467,328 10,524 59,745 876,365 [R ] 6,874 1,004,187 [R ] 372,068 1,376,255 [R ]
2014 5,879 233 9 131,943 [R ] 224,896 [R ] 54,050 62,745 452,821 7,188 58,515 860,215 [R ] 7,575 [R ] 1,005,388 [R ] 389,872 1,395,260 [R ]
2015 4,993 197 20 107,679 [R ] 155,144 [R ] 34,296 [R ] 38,820 342,578 4,448 46,040 621,326 [R ] 6,169 [R ] 739,991 [R ] 388,344 1,128,335 [R ]
2016 3,907 217 33 97,574 [R ] 128,473 [R ] 32,306 [R ] 32,928 310,961 4,544 39,279 548,490 [R ] 5,449 [R ] 655,237 [R ] 383,567 1,038,804 [R ]
2017 4,134 280 10 109,574 [R ] 150,028 [R ] 41,408 [R ] 42,095 348,456 6,330 41,821 630,138 [R ] 5,400 [R ] 748,977 [R ] 387,222 1,136,199 [R ]
2018 4,256 301 31 118,777 [R ] 188,754 [R ] 52,673 [R ] 55,550 [R ] 387,586 7,616 47,856 740,034 [R ] 5,741 [R ] 868,538 [R ] 403,349 1,271,887 [R ]
2019 4,439 271 35 116,535 [R ] 179,287 [R ] 42,450 [R ] 52,707 [R ] 370,930 6,435 46,754 698,562 [R ] 5,679 [R ] 824,980 [R ] 398,774 1,223,754 [R ]
2020 3,382 179 41 105,992 [R ] 136,183 [R ] 36,384 [R ] 21,864 [R ] 268,098 3,325 37,677 503,531 [R ] 3,871 [R ] 616,638 [R ] 390,934 1,007,572 [R ]
2021 3,683 526 31 132,847 [R ] 192,533 [R ] 63,948 41,144 [R ] 403,022 7,915 48,023 756,585 [R ] 4,866 [R ] 897,487 [R ] 419,304 1,316,791 [R ]
2022 5,104 793 34 179,144 [R ] 302,191 [R ] 61,111 [R ] 84,102 [R ] 526,258 13,563 60,757 1,047,982 [R ] 6,362 [R ] 1,237,834 [R ] 481,757 1,719,591 [R ]
2023 5,386 595 95 154,644 257,778 46,696 71,503 478,453 9,363 51,371 915,165 5,732 1,080,427 488,124 1,568,551

Footnotes:

a Includes supplemental gaseous fuels that are commingled with natural gas.

b Beginning in 2009, includes biodiesel blended into distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 2011, includes renewable diesel blended into distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 2021, includes biodiesel and renewable diesel product supplied.

c Hydrocarbon gas liquids, include natural gas liquids and refinery olefins.

d Through 2004, includes kerosene-type and naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005, includes kerosene-type jet fuel only; naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other petroleum."

e Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline.

f Includes asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants, petroleum coke, and the “other petroleum products” category. See technical notes, Section 4.

g Wood, wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste. Prior to 2001, includes non-biomass waste.

h There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1988 and 1989 due to the expanded coverage of the use of wood and biomass waste beginning in 1989.

i There are no direct fuel costs for hydroelectric, geothermal, solar, or wind energy.

j For 1981 through 1992, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline that is not included in the motor gasoline column.

k Electricity sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other energy service providers.

Where shown, R = Revised data.

Notes: · Price estimates are weighted averages of price estimates, and expenditure estimates are the sum of expenditure estimates for the residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation sectors. · Expenditure totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web page: All data are available at https://www.eia.gov/state/seds/seds-data-complete.php.

Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, State Energy Data System. See technical notes. https://www.eia.gov/state/seds/