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Overview
Data

Analysis

Table CT6. Industrial sector energy consumption estimates, 1960-2023, United States

Table CT6. Industrial sector energy consumption estimates, 1960-2023, United States
Year	Coal	Net imports of coal coke	Natural gas ^a		Petroleum						Hydro- electric power ^e^,f	Biomass		Geo- thermal ^f	Solar ^f^,i	Electricity ^j	End use ^f^,k		Electrical system energy losses ^l		Total ^f^,k
	Coal	Net imports of coal coke	Natural gas ^a		Distillate fuel oil	HGL ^b	Motor gasoline ^c	Residual fuel oil	Other^d	Total	Hydro- electric power ^e^,f	Wood and waste ^f^,g	Losses and co- products ^h		Solar ^f^,i	Electricity ^j
	Million short tons		Billion cubic feet		Million barrels						Billion kWh	Wood and waste ^f^,g	Losses and co- products ^h		Billion kWh
1960	177	(s)	5,771		174	122	73	252	370	991	4	– –	– –	– –	NA	324	– –		– –		– –
1961	170	(s)	5,961		175	126	69	242	381	993	3	– –	– –	– –	NA	337	– –		– –		– –
1962	172	(s)	6,233		183	137	70	244	402	1,037	3	– –	– –	– –	NA	360	– –		– –		– –
1963	180	(s)	6,545		181	149	67	244	440	1,081	3	– –	– –	– –	NA	377	– –		– –		– –
1964	192	(s)	6,893		184	164	65	248	482	1,143	3	– –	– –	– –	NA	405	– –		– –		– –
1965	201	-1	7,112		197	172	65	252	499	1,185	3	– –	– –	– –	NA	429	– –		– –		– –
1966	205	-1	7,546		210	179	61	259	533	1,242	3	– –	– –	– –	NA	464	– –		– –		– –
1967	195	-1	7,794		212	186	58	253	544	1,253	3	– –	– –	– –	NA	485	– –		– –		– –
1968	192	-1	8,367		210	214	58	250	577	1,309	3	– –	– –	– –	NA	521	– –		– –		– –
1969	187	-1	8,956		214	251	56	254	598	1,374	3	– –	– –	– –	NA	559	– –		– –		– –
1970	187	-2	9,249		211	255	55	258	611	1,390	3	– –	– –	– –	NA	571	– –		– –		– –
1971	159	-1	9,594		217	261	52	257	615	1,403	3	– –	– –	– –	NA	589	– –		– –		– –
1972	161	-1	9,624		237	310	48	280	659	1,534	3	– –	– –	– –	NA	641	– –		– –		– –
1973	162	(s)	10,185		252	331	49	295	708	1,635	3	– –	– –	– –	NA	686	– –		– –		– –
1974	155	2	9,769		231	335	45	275	684	1,570	3	– –	– –	– –	NA	685	– –		– –		– –
1975	147	1	8,365		230	315	43	240	647	1,474	3	– –	– –	– –	NA	688	– –		– –		– –
1976	146	(s)	8,598		263	329	40	290	707	1,628	3	– –	– –	– –	NA	754	– –		– –		– –
1977	139	1	8,474		295	335	37	308	784	1,760	3	– –	– –	– –	NA	786	– –		– –		– –
1978	134	5	8,405		300	336	34	273	833	1,777	3	– –	– –	– –	NA	809	– –		– –		– –
1979	145	3	8,398		303	488	31	263	865	1,950	3	– –	– –	– –	NA	842	– –		– –		– –
1980	127	-1	8,198		227	473	30	215	827	1,772	3	– –	– –	– –	NA	815	– –		– –		– –
1981	128	-1	8,055		238	468	30	172	651	1,560	3	– –	– –	– –	NA	826	– –		– –		– –
1982	105	-1	6,941		225	479	26	166	584	1,481	3	– –	– –	– –	NA	745	– –		– –		– –
1983	103	-1	6,621		196	436	21	126	628	1,407	3	– –	– –	– –	NA	776	– –		– –		– –
1984	118	(s)	7,231		207	517	30	141	638	1,534	3	– –	– –	– –	NA	838	– –		– –		– –
1985	116	-1	6,867		192	514	41	119	617	1,484	3	– –	– –	– –	NA	837	– –		– –		– –
1986	111	-1	6,502		199	483	39	117	653	1,492	3	– –	– –	– –	NA	831	– –		– –		– –
1987	112	(s)	7,103		196	517	39	93	692	1,537	3	– –	– –	– –	NA	858	– –		– –		– –
1988	118	2	7,479		194	530	37	87	743	1,591	3	– –	– –	– –	NA	896	– –		– –		– –
1989	117	1	7,886		196	519	38	65	734	1,552	3	– –	– –	– –	NA	926	– –		– –		– –
1990	115	(s)	8,255		198	498	35	65	775	1,571	3	– –	– –	– –	NA	946	– –		– –		– –
1991	109	(s)	8,360		185	548	37	53	717	1,540	3	– –	– –	– –	(s)	947	– –		– –		– –
1992	106	1	8,698		190	583	37	62	783	1,655	3	– –	– –	– –	(s)	973	– –		– –		– –
1993	106	1	8,872		192	570	34	71	754	1,620	3	– –	– –	– –	(s)	977	– –		– –		– –
1994	107	2	8,913		191	623	37	67	787	1,704	6	– –	– –	– –	(s)	1,008	– –		– –		– –
1995	106	2	9,384		194	631	38	54	760	1,677	5	– –	– –	– –	(s)	1,013	– –		– –		– –
1996	103	1	9,685		204	655	38	53	813	1,764	6	– –	– –	– –	(s)	1,034	– –		– –		– –
1997	102	2	9,714		207	661	41	46	853	1,808	6	– –	– –	– –	(s)	1,038	– –		– –		– –
1998	96	3	9,493		208	630	38	37	855	1,768	5	– –	– –	– –	(s)	1,051	– –		– –		– –
1999	93	2	9,158		204	703	29	33	869	1,838	5	– –	– –	– –	(s)	1,058	– –		– –		– –
2000	94	3	9,293		206	704	29	38	818	1,795	4	– –	– –	– –	(s)	1,064	– –		– –		– –
2001	91	1	8,463		223	625	57	32	848	1,786	3	– –	– –	– –	(s)	997	– –		– –		– –
2002	84	2	8,640		207	657	59	30	847	1,801	4	– –	– –	– –	(s)	990	– –		– –		– –
2003	86	2	8,273		201	617	62	35	880	1,795	4	– –	– –	– –	(s)	1,012	– –		– –		– –
2004	86	6	8,354		208	651	71	40	941	1,911	3	– –	– –	– –	(s)	1,018	– –		– –		– –
2005	84	2	7,713		217	608	68	45	924	1,862	3	– –	– –	– –	(s)	1,019	– –		– –		– –
2006	82	2	7,669		217	624	72	38	944	1,895	3	– –	– –	– –	(s)	1,011	– –		– –		– –
2007	79	1	7,881		217	636	59	31	902	1,845	2	– –	– –	– –	(s)	1,028	– –		– –		– –
2008	76	2	7,890		233	553	48	31	804	1,669	2	– –	– –	– –	(s)	1,010	– –		– –		– –
2009	61	-1	7,443		186	590	47	21	716	1,559	2	– –	– –	– –	(s)	917	– –		– –		– –
2010	70	(s)	8,112		200	650	51	19	726	1,646	2	– –	– –	– –	(s)	971	– –		– –		– –
2011	68	(s)	8,317		214	655	50	21	711	1,652	2	– –	– –	– –	(s)	991	– –		– –		– –
2012	64	(s)	8,622		220	700	50	11	688	1,669	2	– –	– –	– –	1	986	– –		– –		– –
2013	65	-1	8,909		219	751	52	8	694	1,724	3	– –	– –	– –	1	985	– –		– –		– –
2014	64	-1	9,158		237	720	42	6	667	1,672	1	– –	– –	– –	1	998	– –		– –		– –
2015	58	-1	9,098		203	773	51	5	678	1,710	1	– –	– –	– –	1	987	– –		– –		– –
2016	51	-1	9,274		200	776	52	8	685	1,722	1	– –	– –	– –	2	977	– –		– –		– –
2017	51	-1	9,526		209	807	52	8	696	1,771	1	– –	– –	– –	2	984	– –		– –		– –
2018	50	-1	10,112		217	919	53	7	683	1,879	1	– –	– –	– –	3	1,001	– –		– –		– –
2019	47	-1	10,240		209	948	53	7	678	1,895	1	– –	– –	– –	3	1,002	– –		– –		– –
2020	40	-1	10,064		185	998	53	5	632	1,874	1	– –	– –	– –	4	959	– –		– –		– –
2021	43	-2	10,225		206	1,071	52	7	631	1,967	1	– –	– –	– –	4	1,001	– –		– –		– –
2022	42	-2	10,408	[R ]	208	1,039	55	7	600	1,908	1	– –	– –	– –	4	1,020	– –		– –		– –
2023	38	-1	10,518		203	1,105	55	6	593	1,961	1	– –	– –	– –	5	1,009	– –		– –		– –
	Trillion Btu
1960	4,548	-6	5,973		1,016	461	381	1,584	2,278	5,720	12	680	NA	NA	NA	1,107	18,034		2,233		20,268
1961	4,351	-8	6,170		1,018	476	364	1,520	2,347	5,725	11	695	NA	NA	NA	1,149	18,094		2,280		20,373
1962	4,393	-6	6,451		1,064	520	369	1,536	2,475	5,964	12	728	NA	NA	NA	1,228	18,770		2,392		21,162
1963	4,599	-7	6,764		1,055	565	354	1,532	2,687	6,192	11	775	NA	NA	NA	1,288	19,622		2,547		22,170
1964	4,923	-10	7,126		1,071	623	341	1,559	2,916	6,509	11	827	NA	NA	NA	1,382	20,767		2,720		23,488
1965	5,134	-18	7,350		1,150	650	342	1,582	3,026	6,750	11	855	NA	NA	NA	1,463	21,545		2,878		24,424
1966	5,224	-25	7,810		1,223	679	321	1,626	3,219	7,068	11	902	NA	NA	NA	1,582	22,572		3,180		25,752
1967	4,942	-15	8,064		1,234	705	303	1,590	3,277	7,109	12	895	NA	NA	NA	1,655	22,661		3,266		25,928
1968	4,867	-17	8,621		1,224	802	305	1,569	3,473	7,372	12	982	NA	NA	NA	1,778	23,614		3,568		27,182
1969	4,719	-36	9,220		1,247	932	295	1,594	3,604	7,672	11	1,014	NA	NA	NA	1,909	24,509		3,802		28,311
1970	4,664	-58	9,498		1,226	930	288	1,624	3,686	7,755	11	1,019	NA	NA	NA	1,948	24,836		3,992		28,828
1971	3,951	-33	9,851		1,266	948	275	1,618	3,716	7,823	11	1,040	NA	NA	NA	2,011	24,654		4,094		28,748
1972	3,996	-26	9,881		1,381	1,119	254	1,761	3,974	8,489	11	1,113	NA	NA	NA	2,187	25,651		4,471		30,121
1973	4,044	-7	10,452		1,469	1,192	255	1,858	4,277	9,051	11	1,165	NA	NA	NA	2,341	27,057		4,790		31,847
1974	3,855	56	10,022		1,346	1,207	235	1,728	4,124	8,640	11	1,159	NA	NA	NA	2,337	26,080		4,794		30,874
1975	3,658	14	8,571		1,339	1,126	223	1,509	3,895	8,092	11	1,063	NA	NA	NA	2,346	23,754		4,794		28,549
1976	3,642	(s)	8,804		1,530	1,161	211	1,822	4,230	8,953	11	1,220	NA	NA	NA	2,573	25,203		5,345		30,548
1977	3,443	15	8,685		1,719	1,161	196	1,937	4,691	9,705	11	1,281	NA	NA	NA	2,682	25,822		5,778		31,599
1978	3,302	125	8,604		1,750	1,158	178	1,716	4,989	9,790	10	1,400	NA	NA	NA	2,761	25,993		5,897		31,890
1979	3,583	63	8,584		1,764	1,756	162	1,655	5,164	10,501	11	1,405	NA	NA	NA	2,873	27,019		6,058		33,077
1980	3,155	-35	8,409		1,324	1,718	158	1,349	4,915	9,464	11	1,600	NA	NA	NA	2,781	25,338		5,921		31,259
1981	3,148	-16	8,280		1,389	1,678	160	1,081	3,909	8,216	11	1,689	6	NA	NA	2,817	24,095		5,878		29,973
1982	2,544	-22	7,145		1,313	1,691	138	1,047	3,531	7,719	11	1,634	16	NA	NA	2,542	21,547		5,221		26,767
1983	2,489	-16	6,831		1,142	1,502	112	791	3,786	7,334	11	1,845	29	NA	NA	2,648	21,131		5,360		26,492
1984	2,843	-11	7,464		1,203	1,823	160	889	3,851	7,926	11	1,883	35	NA	NA	2,859	22,978		5,672		28,650
1985	2,777	-13	7,096		1,119	1,813	218	748	3,759	7,656	11	1,875	42	NA	NA	2,855	22,260		5,803		28,063
1986	2,646	-17	6,714		1,160	1,730	206	736	3,980	7,812	11	1,866	48	NA	NA	2,834	21,880		5,614		27,495
1987	2,670	9	7,343		1,141	1,873	206	582	4,195	7,996	11	1,858	55	NA	NA	2,928	22,837		5,844		28,681
1988	2,831	40	7,720		1,130	1,909	193	546	4,491	8,268	11	1,933	55	NA	NA	3,059	23,885		6,213		30,097
1989	2,774	30	8,149		1,139	1,888	199	410	4,418	8,053	9	1,784	56	2	(s)	3,158	23,982		6,589		30,571
1990	2,754	5	8,520		1,150	1,781	185	411	4,672	8,200	10	1,634	49	2	(s)	3,226	24,359		6,603		30,962
1991	2,600	10	8,637		1,078	1,958	193	334	4,339	7,901	10	1,595	56	2	(s)	3,230	24,003		6,544		30,547
1992	2,512	35	8,996		1,107	2,098	194	387	4,709	8,495	10	1,640	64	2	(s)	3,319	25,030		6,800		31,829
1993	2,500	27	9,129		1,117	2,037	178	446	4,550	8,328	10	1,666	74	2	(s)	3,334	25,028		6,825		31,852
1994	2,507	58	9,202		1,110	2,251	192	419	4,743	8,715	21	1,779	82	3	(s)	3,439	25,765		7,032		32,796
1995	2,500	61	9,678		1,130	2,269	200	337	4,592	8,527	18	1,847	86	3	(s)	3,455	26,136		7,036		33,172
1996	2,438	23	9,999		1,186	2,344	200	335	4,890	8,954	20	1,907	61	3	(s)	3,527	26,893		7,144		34,037
1997	2,396	46	10,109		1,202	2,366	212	291	5,121	9,191	19	1,915	80	3	(s)	3,542	27,264		7,131		34,396
1998	2,254	67	9,882		1,210	2,249	199	230	5,132	9,021	18	1,784	86	3	(s)	3,587	26,663		7,320		33,982
1999	2,188	58	9,438		1,186	2,512	151	207	5,229	9,286	16	1,791	90	4	(s)	3,611	26,444		7,434		33,878
2000	2,259	65	9,550		1,199	2,498	150	241	4,914	9,001	14	1,781	99	4	(s)	3,631	26,374		7,568		33,942
2001	2,194	29	8,674		1,299	2,212	295	203	5,105	9,113	11	1,571	108	5	(s)	3,400	25,073		7,079		32,152
2002	2,020	61	8,865		1,203	2,313	308	190	5,084	9,099	13	1,543	130	5	(s)	3,379	25,089		7,006		32,095
2003	2,044	51	8,510		1,169	2,185	323	220	5,271	9,169	14	1,511	168	3	(s)	3,454	24,899		7,068		31,967
2004	2,046	138	8,573		1,213	2,292	371	249	5,636	9,761	11	1,613	201	4	(s)	3,473	25,797		7,156		32,953
2005	1,954	44	7,930		1,262	2,138	354	281	5,539	9,575	11	1,604	227	4	(s)	3,477	24,804		7,092		31,896
2006	1,914	61	7,881		1,258	2,171	374	239	5,661	9,703	10	1,606	280	4	(s)	3,451	24,884		6,913		31,797
2007	1,864	25	8,098		1,256	2,207	302	193	5,415	9,373	5	1,562	369	5	(s)	3,507	24,782		7,118		31,901
2008	1,792	41	8,103		1,348	1,904	245	194	4,823	8,514	6	1,486	519	5	(s)	3,444	23,884		6,924		30,807
2009	1,394	-24	7,629		1,073	1,992	238	130	4,300	7,733	6	1,336	603	4	1	3,130	21,784		6,090		27,874
2010	1,625	-6	8,302		1,153	2,207	260	120	4,360	8,099	6	1,577	727	4	1	3,314	23,619		6,414		30,034
2011	1,567	11	8,502		1,235	2,172	254	135	4,275	8,071	6	1,602	756	4	1	3,382	23,874		6,354		30,228
2012	1,516	4	8,823		1,270	2,351	252	70	4,138	8,081	8	1,621	711	4	2	3,363	24,103		6,220		30,324
2013	1,547	-17	9,131		1,264	2,545	263	48	4,157	8,276	12	1,676	714	4	3	3,362	24,683		6,135		30,818
2014	1,529	-22	9,450		1,364	2,409	210	41	4,010	8,033	4	1,685	766	4	4	3,404	24,832		6,148		30,980
2015	1,380	-18	9,427		1,168	2,618	258	34	4,074	8,151	5	1,666	791	4	5	3,366	24,749		5,899		30,647
2016	1,206	-19	9,610		1,154	2,592	262	52	4,198	8,258	4	1,648	821	4	7	3,333	24,846		5,693		30,539
2017	1,197	-29	9,863		1,202	2,673	264	50	4,254	8,444	5	1,610	847	4	8	3,358	25,274		5,618		30,892
2018	1,178	-26	10,465		1,251	3,024	269	43	4,176	8,764	4	1,597	855	4	9	3,414	26,233		5,592		31,826
2019	1,117	-21	10,607		1,203	3,139	267	41	4,151	8,801	4	1,563	835	4	11	3,420	26,312		5,409		31,721
2020	939	-13	10,417		1,065	3,252	269	32	3,874	8,493	3	1,516	735	4	12	3,272	25,349		4,946		30,295
2021	1,037	-49	10,577		1,185	3,519	264	46	3,884	8,898	3	1,527	789	4	14	3,414	26,184		5,192		31,376
2022	986	-56	10,753	[R ]	1,198	3,240	276	47	3,713	8,474	3	1,469	808	4	15	3,482	25,907	[R ]	5,134	[R ]	31,041	[R ]
2023	911	-32	10,864		1,169	3,455	276	39	3,665	8,605	3	1,388	819	4	16	3,444	25,946		4,951		30,897

Footnotes:

^a Includes supplemental gaseous fuels that are commingled with natural gas.

^b Hydrocarbon gas liquids, include natural gas liquids and refinery olefins.

^c Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline. There is a discontinuity in this time series between 2014 and 2015 because of coverage. See technical notes, Section 4.

^d Includes asphalt and road oil, kerosene, lubricants, petroleum coke, and the “other petroleum products” category. See technical notes, Section 4.

^e Conventional hydroelectric power. For 1960 through 1989, includes hydroelectric pumped-storage, which cannot be separately identified.

^f There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1988 and 1989 due to the expanded coverage of renewable energy sources beginning in 1989.

^g Wood, wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste. Prior to 2001, includes non-biomass waste.

^h Losses and co-products from the production of biodiesel and fuel ethanol.

ⁱ Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy. Excludes a small amount of solar thermal energy consumed as heat that is included in the residential sector.

^j Electricity sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other energy service providers.

^k Beginning in 1980, adjusted for the double-counting of supplemental gaseous fuels, which are included in both natural gas and the other fossil fuels from which they are mostly derived, but should be counted only once in End use and Total. For 1981 through 1992, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline that is not included in the motor gasoline column. Beginning in 2009, includes a small amount of wind energy consumed by industrial utility-scale facilities.

^l Incurred in the generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity plus plant use and unaccounted for electrical system energy losses. Pre-1990 estimates are not comparable to those for later years. See Section 6 of technical notes for an explanation of changes in methodology.

kWh = Kilowatthours. – – = Not applicable. NA = Not available.

Where shown, R = Revised data and (s) = Physical unit value less than 0.5 or Btu value less than 0.05.

Notes: · Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. · The industrial sector includes industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants. · The continuity of these data series estimates may be affected by the changing data sources and estimation methodologies. See the technical notes for each type of energy.

Web page: All data are available at https://www.eia.gov/state/seds/seds-data-complete.php.

Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, State Energy Data System. See technical notes. https://www.eia.gov/state/seds/