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Overview
Data

Analysis

Table CT2. Primary energy consumption estimates, 1960-2023, United States <br> (trillion Btu)

Table CT2. Primary energy consumption estimates, 1960-2023, United States
(trillion Btu)
Year	Fossil fuels															Fossil fuels (as commingled)					Nuclear electric power		Renewable energy														Electricity net imports ^l	Total ^f^,j
	Coal	Net imports of coal coke	Natural gas excluding supplemental gaseous fuels ^a		Petroleum									Total		Fossil fuels (as commingled)							Hydro- electric power ^e^,f	Biomass								Geo- thermal ^f	Solar ^f^,k	Wind	Total ^f^,j
					Petroleum											Natural gas including supplemental gaseous fuels ^a		Distillate fuel oil including biofuels ^a		Motor gasoline including fuel ethanol ^a				Biomass
					Distillate fuel oil excluding biofuels ^a		HGL ^b	Jet fuel ^c	Motor gasoline excluding fuel ethanol ^a	Residual fuel oil	Other ^d	Total				Natural gas including supplemental gaseous fuels ^a		Distillate fuel oil including biofuels ^a		Motor gasoline including fuel ethanol ^a				Wood and waste ^f^,g		Fuel ethanol ^h	Biodiesel	Renewable diesel	Losses and co- products ⁱ	Total ^f^,j
1960	9,831	-6	12,385		3,992		866	739	7,631	3,517	3,129	19,874		42,084		12,385		3,992		7,631	6		510	1,320		NA	NA	NA	NA	1,320		(s)	NA	NA	1,830		15	43,935
1961	9,618	-8	12,926		4,045		891	827	7,752	3,450	3,204	20,168		42,705		12,926		4,045		7,752	20		531	1,295		NA	NA	NA	NA	1,295		(s)	NA	NA	1,826		8	44,558
1962	9,905	-6	13,731		4,266		973	977	8,051	3,432	3,299	20,997		44,627		13,731		4,266		8,051	26		587	1,300		NA	NA	NA	NA	1,300		(s)	NA	NA	1,888		2	46,543
1963	10,415	-7	14,419		4,353		1,052	1,044	8,310	3,388	3,498	21,644		46,471		14,419		4,353		8,310	38		577	1,323		NA	NA	NA	NA	1,323		1	NA	NA	1,900		(s)	48,410
1964	10,968	-10	15,298		4,371		1,124	1,121	8,464	3,487	3,673	22,240		48,495		15,298		4,371		8,464	40		615	1,337		NA	NA	NA	NA	1,337		1	NA	NA	1,953		7	50,494
1965	11,582	-18	15,779		4,519		1,170	1,215	8,806	3,691	3,784	23,184		50,527		15,779		4,519		8,806	43		672	1,335		NA	NA	NA	NA	1,335		1	NA	NA	2,008		(s)	52,578
1966	12,145	-25	17,006		4,645		1,234	1,354	9,219	3,938	3,945	24,334		53,461		17,006		4,645		9,219	64		675	1,369		NA	NA	NA	NA	1,369		1	NA	NA	2,045		4	55,573
1967	11,917	-15	17,965		4,766		1,312	1,670	9,507	4,098	3,919	25,273		55,139		17,965		4,766		9,507	88		768	1,340		NA	NA	NA	NA	1,340		1	NA	NA	2,109		-1	57,336
1968	12,338	-17	19,205		5,094		1,460	1,941	10,114	4,201	4,155	26,965		58,490		19,205		5,094		10,114	142		771	1,419		NA	NA	NA	NA	1,419		1	NA	NA	2,192		-2	60,821
1969	12,383	-36	20,658		5,244		1,678	2,017	10,595	4,539	4,249	28,322		61,327		20,658		5,244		10,595	154		865	1,440		NA	NA	NA	NA	1,440		2	NA	NA	2,307		4	63,791
1970	12,269	-58	21,693		5,401		1,667	1,973	11,091	5,057	4,312	29,500		63,404		21,693		5,401		11,091	239		856	1,431		NA	NA	NA	NA	1,431		2	NA	NA	2,289		7	65,939
1971	11,603	-33	22,365		5,658		1,700	2,061	11,532	5,269	4,322	30,541		64,477		22,365		5,658		11,532	413		920	1,432		NA	NA	NA	NA	1,432		2	NA	NA	2,354		12	67,256
1972	12,110	-26	22,682		6,210		1,927	2,141	12,259	5,820	4,563	32,919		67,685		22,682		6,210		12,259	584		941	1,503		NA	NA	NA	NA	1,503		5	NA	NA	2,449		26	70,745
1973	12,960	-7	22,595		6,575		1,959	2,167	12,797	6,477	4,831	34,806		70,354		22,595		6,575		12,797	910		940	1,529		NA	NA	NA	NA	1,529		7	NA	NA	2,476		49	73,788
1974	12,651	56	21,730		6,267		1,914	2,030	12,535	6,056	4,619	33,421		67,857		21,730		6,267		12,535	1,272		1,038	1,540		NA	NA	NA	NA	1,540		8	NA	NA	2,586		43	71,759
1975	12,656	14	19,977		6,061		1,811	2,047	12,798	5,649	4,332	32,699		65,345		19,977		6,061		12,798	1,900		1,034	1,499		NA	NA	NA	NA	1,499		11	NA	NA	2,544		21	69,810
1976	13,576	(s)	20,381		6,679		1,877	2,026	13,415	6,445	4,700	35,142		69,099		20,381		6,679		13,415	2,111		979	1,713		NA	NA	NA	NA	1,713		12	NA	NA	2,705		29	73,944
1977	13,907	15	19,972		7,126		1,867	2,126	13,760	7,047	5,156	37,083		70,977		19,972		7,126		13,760	2,702		763	1,838		NA	NA	NA	NA	1,838		12	NA	NA	2,613		59	76,351
1978	13,770	125	20,068		7,296		1,848	2,164	14,211	6,936	5,464	37,919		71,881		20,068		7,296		14,211	3,024		967	2,038		NA	NA	NA	NA	2,038		10	NA	NA	3,015		67	77,988
1979	15,042	63	20,688		7,039		2,214	2,204	13,487	6,485	5,646	37,076		72,868		20,688		7,039		13,487	2,776		966	2,152		NA	NA	NA	NA	2,152		13	NA	NA	3,131		69	78,844
1980	15,461	-35	20,227		6,110		2,135	2,190	12,648	5,772	5,304	34,160		69,812		20,384		6,110		12,648	2,739		953	2,472		NA	NA	NA	NA	2,472		17	NA	NA	3,442		71	76,065
1981	15,938	-16	19,750		6,014		2,098	2,062	12,631	4,791	4,289	31,884		67,555		19,928		6,014		12,631	3,008		900	2,587		7	NA	NA	6	2,600		19	NA	NA	3,519		113	74,196
1982	15,269	-22	18,367		5,679		2,095	2,072	12,538	3,939	3,858	30,180		63,794		18,515		5,679		12,538	3,131		1,066	2,630		19	NA	NA	16	2,665		17	NA	NA	3,747		100	70,772
1983	15,867	-16	17,212		5,720		1,983	2,141	12,697	3,260	4,196	29,997		63,061		17,348		5,720		12,697	3,203		1,144	2,841		34	NA	NA	29	2,904		21	NA	(s)	4,069		121	70,453
1984	17,014	-11	18,390		6,065		2,230	2,414	12,867	3,151	4,267	30,993		66,385		18,503		6,065		12,867	3,553		1,107	2,894		42	NA	NA	35	2,972		26	(s)	(s)	4,105		135	74,177
1985	17,540	-13	17,714		6,098		2,252	2,497	13,098	2,759	4,164	30,867		66,107		17,843		6,098		13,098	4,076		970	2,923		51	NA	NA	42	3,016		32	(s)	(s)	4,018		140	74,341
1986	17,241	-17	16,603		6,196		2,158	2,682	13,487	3,255	4,372	32,151		65,978		16,718		6,196		13,487	4,380		1,003	2,825		59	NA	NA	48	2,932		35	(s)	(s)	3,971		122	74,451
1987	17,950	9	17,647		6,328		2,339	2,843	13,816	2,901	4,591	32,818		68,424		17,750		6,328		13,816	4,754		863	2,755		68	NA	NA	55	2,878		37	(s)	(s)	3,777		158	77,113
1988	18,886	40	18,460		6,655		2,373	2,982	14,105	3,170	4,888	34,174		71,559		18,563		6,655		14,105	5,587		771	2,892		69	NA	NA	55	3,016		35	(s)	(s)	3,823		108	81,077
1989	19,055	30	19,607		6,712		2,403	3,059	14,050	3,144	4,797	34,165		72,858		19,716		6,712		14,050	5,602		928	3,034		70	NA	NA	56	3,159		59	52	7	4,206		37	82,703
1990	19,168	5	19,628		6,422		2,259	3,129	13,872	2,820	4,999	33,501		72,301		19,752		6,422		13,872	6,104		999	2,626		62	NA	NA	49	2,737		63	56	10	3,865		8	82,278
1991	18,989	10	20,033		6,210		2,466	3,025	13,781	2,657	4,651	32,790		71,822		20,148		6,210		13,781	6,422		986	2,654		72	NA	NA	56	2,782		65	58	10	3,901		67	82,213
1992	19,118	35	20,724		6,351		2,595	3,001	13,973	2,518	5,031	33,469		73,345		20,844		6,351		13,973	6,479		864	2,787		81	NA	NA	64	2,932		67	60	10	3,932		87	83,843
1993	19,836	27	21,255		6,466		2,557	3,028	14,141	2,479	4,920	33,592		74,710		21,376		6,466		14,236	6,410		957	2,737		95	NA	NA	74	2,906		70	62	10	4,005		95	85,220
1994	19,904	58	21,757		6,718		2,777	3,154	14,360	2,342	5,107	34,458		76,177		21,870		6,718		14,466	6,694		888	2,839		106	NA	NA	82	3,028		66	63	12	4,056		153	87,080
1995	20,099	61	22,721		6,812		2,791	3,132	14,680	1,955	4,976	34,346		77,226		22,833		6,812		14,794	7,075		1,061	2,901		114	NA	NA	86	3,101		60	64	11	4,297		134	88,732
1996	21,002	23	23,151		7,168		2,951	3,274	14,967	1,952	5,280	35,593		79,769		23,262		7,168		15,049	7,087		1,185	3,014		82	NA	NA	61	3,157		64	65	11	4,481		137	91,474
1997	21,444	46	23,372		7,298		2,956	3,308	15,127	1,828	5,552	36,069		80,932		23,477		7,298		15,231	6,597		1,216	2,919		104	NA	NA	80	3,103		66	64	11	4,461		116	92,106
1998	21,583	67	22,912		7,352		2,809	3,357	15,559	2,036	5,611	36,724		81,286		23,016		7,352		15,674	7,068		1,103	2,726		115	NA	NA	86	2,927		68	63	10	4,173		88	92,615
1999	21,582	58	22,925		7,587		3,193	3,462	15,889	1,905	5,701	37,737		82,302		23,026		7,587		16,008	7,610		1,090	2,754		119	NA	NA	90	2,963		71	62	15	4,202		99	94,213
2000	22,576	65	23,815		7,927		3,216	3,580	15,991	2,091	5,352	38,157		84,613		23,907		7,927		16,127	7,862		940	2,773		137	NA	NA	99	3,008		69	59	19	4,096		115	96,686
2001	21,906	29	22,748		8,170		2,895	3,426	16,201	1,861	5,534	38,088		82,771		22,836		8,170		16,345	8,029		740	2,374		144	1	NA	108	2,627		69	57	23	3,516		75	94,391
2002	21,903	61	23,514		8,020		3,006	3,340	16,619	1,605	5,532	38,122		83,599		23,582		8,020		16,790	8,145		902	2,397		171	2	NA	130	2,701		73	55	35	3,766		72	95,582
2003	22,323	51	22,823		8,341		2,905	3,265	16,715	1,772	5,715	38,713		83,909		22,891		8,341		16,949	7,960		941	2,403		233	2	NA	168	2,806		77	54	38	3,916		22	95,807
2004	22,464	138	22,927		8,642		2,976	3,383	17,023	1,990	6,136	40,148		85,678		22,988		8,642		17,316	8,223		916	2,510		293	3	NA	201	3,008		80	53	48	4,106		39	98,045
2005	22,793	44	22,567		8,745		2,812	3,475	17,022	2,111	6,062	40,227		85,632		22,632		8,745		17,358	8,161		922	2,538		335	12	NA	227	3,112		84	52	61	4,231		85	98,109
2006	22,444	61	22,225		8,831		2,768	3,379	17,058	1,581	6,127	39,743		84,474		22,293		8,831		17,511	8,215		987	2,496		453	33	NA	280	3,262		86	54	91	4,480		63	97,231
2007	22,748	25	23,671		8,858		2,835	3,358	16,859	1,659	5,815	39,384		85,828		23,735		8,858		17,428	8,459		845	2,502		569	45	NA	369	3,485		91	57	118	4,595		107	98,988
2008	22,383	41	23,836		8,346		2,656	3,193	15,999	1,432	5,165	36,792		83,051		23,898		8,346		16,799	8,426		869	2,494		800	39	NA	519	3,851		97	61	189	5,068		112	96,658
2009	19,691	-24	23,421		7,592	[R ]	2,707	2,883	15,805	1,173	4,618	34,778	[R ]	77,867	[R ]	23,487		7,655	[R ]	16,714	8,355		933	2,387		910	41	NA	603	3,940		105	63	252	5,292	[R ]	116	91,631	[R ]
2010	20,828	-6	24,568		7,965	[R ]	2,881	2,963	15,570	1,228	4,713	35,320	[R ]	80,710	[R ]	24,634		8,010	[R ]	16,632	8,434		888	2,685		1,061	33	NA	727	4,506		111	68	323	5,896		89	95,129	[R ]
2011	19,664	11	24,954		8,097	[R ]	2,811	2,950	15,110	1,058	4,611	34,637	[R ]	79,266	[R ]	25,015		8,209	[R ]	16,175	8,269		1,090	2,675		1,065	113	8	756	4,616		116	76	410	6,307	[R ]	127	93,969	[R ]
2012	17,381	4	26,076		7,780	[R ]	2,887	2,901	15,022	849	4,393	33,831	[R ]	77,291	[R ]	26,138		7,895	[R ]	16,085	8,062		943	2,618		1,064	115	10	711	4,517		117	94	480	6,150		161	91,664	[R ]
2013	18,039	-17	26,789		7,836	[R ]	3,166	2,969	15,240	731	4,455	34,396	[R ]	79,206	[R ]	26,845		8,048	[R ]	16,332	8,244		916	2,835		1,092	182	39	714	4,861		117	120	573	6,586	[R ]	197	94,234	[R ]
2014	17,997	-22	27,377		8,280	[R ]	3,067	3,042	15,361	590	4,315	34,656	[R ]	80,008	[R ]	27,439		8,489	[R ]	16,473	8,338		885	2,914	[R ]	1,111	181	38	766	5,012	[R ]	118	161	620	6,795	[R ]	182	95,322	[R ]
2015	15,549	-18	28,180		8,176	[R ]	3,221	3,204	15,788	595	4,381	35,366	[R ]	79,077	[R ]	28,241		8,399	[R ]	16,941	8,337		850	2,824	[R ]	1,153	191	48	791	5,008	[R ]	118	196	651	6,822	[R ]	227	94,463	[R ]
2016	14,227	-19	28,393		7,867	[R ]	3,184	3,350	16,051	751	4,506	35,709	[R ]	78,310	[R ]	28,453		8,166	[R ]	17,238	8,427		914	2,720	[R ]	1,187	266	57	821	5,053	[R ]	117	251	774	7,109	[R ]	227	94,073	[R ]
2017	13,840	-29	28,057		7,977	[R ]	3,272	3,481	16,002	784	4,523	36,041	[R ]	77,908	[R ]	28,126		8,259	[R ]	17,201	8,419		1,025	2,671	[R ]	1,199	253	62	847	5,034	[R ]	118	329	868	7,373	[R ]	192	93,893	[R ]
2018	13,250	-26	31,163		8,450	[R ]	3,720	3,533	16,013	729	4,446	36,889	[R ]	81,277	[R ]	31,236		8,711	[R ]	17,209	8,438		998	2,741	[R ]	1,197	243	57	855	5,095	[R ]	118	384	930	7,525	[R ]	152	97,392	[R ]
2019	11,315	-21	32,236		8,374	[R ]	3,897	3,608	15,960	631	4,395	36,865	[R ]	80,395	[R ]	32,300		8,622	[R ]	17,166	8,452		982	2,672	[R ]	1,206	231	99	835	5,047	[R ]	116	430	1,010	7,585	[R ]	133	96,565	[R ]
2020	9,183	-13	31,655		7,718	[R ]	3,956	2,234	13,834	478	4,110	32,331	[R ]	73,155	[R ]	31,721		7,973	[R ]	14,883	8,251		973	2,399	[R ]	1,050	239	107	735	4,535	[R ]	118	511	1,153	7,290	[R ]	161	88,858	[R ]
2021	10,549	-49	31,688		8,242	[R ]	4,230	2,835	15,095	721	4,391	35,251	[R ]	77,439	[R ]	31,758		8,356	[R ]	16,250	8,131		858	2,422	[R ]	1,155	218	158	789	4,752	[R ]	118	627	1,290	7,646	[R ]	134	93,350
2022	9,886	-56	33,362	[R ]	8,357	[R ]	3,957	3,228	15,073	756	4,296	35,331	[R ]	78,523	[R ]	33,439	[R ]	8,469	[R ]	16,236	8,061	[R ]	869	2,441	[R ]	1,163	212	225	808	4,873	[R ]	118	765	1,482	8,107	[R ]	141	94,832	[R ]
2023	8,170	-32	33,609		8,123		4,124	3,422	15,306	629	4,390	35,460		77,207		33,775		8,238		16,485	8,099		836	2,257		1,179	246	376	819	4,915		119	880	1,437	8,187		65	93,557

Footnotes:

^a Supplemental gaseous fuels (SGF) and biofuels are consumed with natural gas and petroleum products. In this table, SGF and biofuels are removed from natural gas and petroleum so that a fossil fuel total can be calculated without double-counting. Biofuels are included in "Renewable energy."

^b Hydrocarbon gas liquids, include natural gas liquids and refinery olefins.

^c Through 2004, includes kerosene-type and naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005, includes kerosene-type jet fuel only; naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other petroleum."

^d Includes asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants, petroleum coke, and the “other petroleum products” category. See technical notes, Section 4.

^e Conventional hydroelectric power. For 1960 through 1989, includes hydroelectric pumped-storage, which cannot be separately identified.

^f There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1988 and 1989 due to the expanded coverage of renewable energy sources beginning in 1989.

^g Wood, wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste. Beginning in 2006, includes small amount of other biomass liquids that are biodiesel.

^h Excludes denaturant. Because of differences in data sources and estimation methods, the ratio of fuel ethanol consumption and motor gasoline consumption should not be interpreted as the average ethanol blend rate.

ⁱ Losses and co-products from the production of biodiesel and fuel ethanol.

^j Beginning in 2006, adjusted for the double-counting of other biomass liquids that are biodiesel, which are included in both wood & waste and biodiesel, but should be counted only once in Total. Beginning in 2014, U.S. total includes other biofuels not allocated to the states.

^k Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy.

^l Electricity traded with Canada and Mexico. Calculated by converting net imports in kilowatthours by 3,412 Btu per kilowatthour.

NA = Not available.

Where shown, R = Revised data and (s) = Value less than +0.5 and greater than -0.5 trillion Btu.

Notes: · Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. · The continuity of these data series estimates may be affected by changing data sources and estimation methodologies. See the technical notes for each type of energy.

Web page: All data are available at https://www.eia.gov/state/seds/seds-data-complete.php.

Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, State Energy Data System. See technical notes. https://www.eia.gov/state/seds/