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Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS)

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Release date: September 2021
Revised date: September 2022
Table B9.  Year constructed, floorspace, 2018
Total floorspace (million square feet)
  Year constructed
  All
buildings		 Before 1946 1946 to 1959 1960 to 1969 1970 to 1979 1980 to 1989 1990 to 1999 2000 to 2009 2010 to 2018
All buildings 96,423 9,246 6,937 10,360 13,061 13,465 15,535 17,500 10,319
Building floorspace (square feet)                  
1,001 to 5,000  8,025 1,129 748 919 1,088 1,067 1,167 1,183 725
5,001 to 10,000  10,204 1,091 808 1,288 1,536 1,509 1,559 1,318 1,097
10,001 to 25,000 15,838 1,721 1,325 1,797 2,029 1,844 2,782 3,272 1,068
25,001 to 50,000 13,957 1,162 953 1,698 1,954 1,928 2,734 2,212 1,315
50,001 to 100,000  15,302 1,247 1,339 1,257 1,926 2,263 2,259 3,168 1,842
100,001 to 200,000  13,003 1,045 977 1,058 1,573 1,774 2,192 2,570 1,813
200,001 to 500,000  11,776 897 612 1,478 1,697 1,649 1,663 2,242 1,538
Over 500,000  8,317 955 Q 864 1,258 1,431 1,179 1,535 920
Principal building activity                  
Education 13,623 1,371 1,995 1,999 1,584 1,247 2,148 2,241 1,038
Food sales  1,006 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
Food service  1,385 254 Q 139 140 127 213 289 163
Health care  4,018 305 200 403 617 529 396 955 613
Inpatient  2,259 Q 151 323 421 258 168 486 285
Outpatient  1,760 Q Q Q 196 271 228 469 328
Lodging  6,976 333 357 874 762 1,389 880 1,205 1,178
Mercantile  10,781 401 606 1,108 1,288 1,541 1,799 2,767 1,269
Retail (other than mall)  5,193 306 Q 545 442 528 1,007 1,334 646
Enclosed and strip malls  5,588 Q Q 564 846 1,013 793 1,433 623
Office  16,662 2,826 582 1,282 2,268 3,441 2,505 2,346 1,413
Public assembly  7,192 1,054 537 669 944 532 1,222 1,482 753
Public order and safety  1,538 Q Q Q Q Q 248 471 Q
Religious worship  5,471 775 498 816 696 595 898 906 Q
Service  6,240 411 455 1,040 1,042 680 970 986 656
Warehouse and storage  17,483 694 1,208 1,350 2,800 2,325 3,527 3,087 2,491
Other  2,435 Q Q 296 Q 327 437 323 Q
Vacant  1,612 377 Q 188 Q Q Q Q Q
Census region                  
Northeast 15,951 2,874 1,539 2,045 2,263 2,015 1,948 2,107 1,159
Midwest 25,932 3,027 1,714 2,806 3,889 2,933 4,110 4,846 2,609
South 34,907 2,041 2,420 3,758 4,243 5,244 6,158 7,050 3,994
West 19,633 1,304 1,264 1,752 2,666 3,272 3,320 3,497 2,557
Climate zonea                  
Cold or very cold 7,044 796 676 810 998 844 1,012 1,312 598
Cool 26,768 3,531 1,688 2,890 4,116 2,925 4,222 4,380 3,016
Mixed mild 25,096 3,128 2,017 2,485 2,842 3,553 4,062 4,436 2,572
Warm 25,085 1,449 1,853 3,192 3,545 3,840 3,917 4,667 2,622
Hot or very hot 12,429 342 702 983 1,560 2,303 2,322 2,706 1,511
Number of floors                  
1 43,576 1,570 3,348 4,306 5,674 6,380 8,074 9,188 5,036
2 23,300 2,185 1,502 2,957 3,814 2,912 3,772 3,989 2,169
3 10,516 2,275 1,168 1,108 1,217 1,110 1,334 1,385 920
4 to 9 13,031 2,163 766 1,428 1,534 1,382 1,824 2,203 1,730
10 or more 6,000 1,052 154 561 821 1,681 532 735 464
Elevators and escalators
(more than one may apply)		                  
Any elevators 36,501 4,973 2,040 3,691 4,588 5,181 5,300 6,650 4,077
1 elevator 14,215 2,130 1,102 1,534 1,608 1,227 2,303 2,825 1,487
2 to 5 elevators 13,316 1,689 695 1,317 1,557 2,038 1,789 2,490 1,740
6 or more elevators 8,970 1,155 243 840 1,423 1,916 1,208 1,335 850
Any escalators 3,753 Q Q 366 576 933 703 450 Q
Number of workers (main shift)                  
Fewer than 5 21,065 2,788 1,895 2,722 2,925 2,397 3,580 3,029 1,729
5 to 9 10,323 1,092 836 1,228 1,255 1,542 1,496 1,874 1,001
10 to 19 11,348 1,064 621 958 2,197 1,325 2,174 1,510 1,499
20 to 49 16,132 983 1,407 1,594 2,071 2,352 2,571 3,429 1,726
50 to 99 12,961 1,096 912 1,524 1,649 1,716 1,809 2,485 1,770
100 to 249 12,442 898 818 1,235 1,320 1,518 2,095 3,273 1,286
250 or more 12,152 1,326 449 1,100 1,644 2,616 1,810 1,900 1,308
Weekly operating hours                  
Fewer than 40 10,776 1,855 1,018 1,347 1,418 1,415 1,403 1,505 815
40 to 48 18,826 1,510 1,920 2,205 2,664 2,429 3,097 3,272 1,728
49 to 60 22,845 2,832 1,837 2,391 3,333 3,182 3,921 3,387 1,963
61 to 84 14,727 1,135 778 1,525 1,899 2,381 2,182 3,029 1,797
85 to 167 10,038 391 536 785 1,313 1,062 1,990 2,500 1,460
Open continuously 19,213 1,523 848 2,108 2,434 2,995 2,943 3,807 2,555
Ownership and occupancy                  
Nongovernment owned 74,728 6,537 4,584 7,492 10,354 11,390 12,124 13,822 8,425
Owner occupied 45,355 4,925 3,159 4,816 6,265 6,230 7,435 7,929 4,597
Leased to tenant(s) 28,382 1,451 1,297 2,591 3,916 4,978 4,607 5,801 3,740
Unoccupied 990 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
Government owned 21,695 2,708 2,353 2,868 2,707 2,075 3,411 3,678 1,894
Federal 1,946 337 Q 361 241 Q 351 Q Q
State 6,888 796 747 1,126 1,064 644 879 1,117 514
Local 12,861 1,575 1,456 1,381 1,402 1,344 2,181 2,339 1,183
Party responsible for operation
of energy systems		                  
Building owner 79,282 8,244 6,090 8,585 10,605 10,877 12,701 14,008 8,171
Business owner or tenant 12,842 564 772 1,275 1,902 1,764 2,031 2,828 1,706
Property management 1,994 Q Q Q Q 370 512 447 Q
Other 2,306 252 Q Q 377 454 291 217 Q
Provider of direct input on energy-
related equipment purchases		                  
Building owner 82,862 8,335 6,383 8,979 11,228 11,164 13,489 14,642 8,642
Business owner or tenant 7,585 365 304 772 852 1,312 1,130 1,876 974
Property management 1,072 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
Other 4,904 467 Q 561 907 893 567 734 554
Number of establishments                  
1 65,391 6,383 5,300 7,346 8,327 7,887 10,787 11,532 7,829
2 to 5 16,431 1,454 988 1,570 2,777 2,289 2,720 3,220 1,414
6 to 10 5,539 409 329 622 759 885 873 1,314 347
11 to 20 3,894 Q Q 301 352 1,032 524 864 Q
More than 20 3,999 416 Q 432 652 1,185 492 463 Q
Currently unoccupied 1,168 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
Campus or complex activity                  
Not part of a campus or complex 56,609 5,820 4,121 6,066 8,173 8,040 8,928 9,617 5,845
Primary or secondary school 5,106 393 638 835 438 449 1,025 890 438
College or university 3,761 322 363 677 660 307 448 533 451
Office complex 3,823 393 Q 300 249 960 618 686 Q
Retail complex 4,573 Q Q Q 527 765 677 1,181 691
Storage complex 5,684 Q Q Q 528 579 1,526 1,543 714
Religious campus or complex 3,209 480 649 450 332 Q 328 631 Q
Health care complex 2,838 267 151 353 470 339 288 664 306
Lodging or resort complex 1,575 Q Q Q Q 266 Q Q Q
Transportation complex 774 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
Government complex 1,706 317 Q Q Q Q Q 302 Q
Other 6,765 719 Q 529 919 1,183 959 1,121 1,077
Predominant exterior wall material                  
Brick, stone, or stucco 46,134 6,688 4,204 5,782 5,199 6,019 6,279 7,958 4,005
Concrete (block or poured) 19,357 1,285 1,848 2,311 3,378 2,448 3,483 3,144 1,460
Concrete panels 8,331 Q Q 420 1,120 1,220 1,512 1,852 1,994
Siding or shingles 5,992 789 302 572 855 1,017 816 993 648
Metal panels 12,198 Q 385 947 1,844 1,831 2,730 2,590 1,572
Window glass 2,192 N Q Q 306 545 359 372 443
Other 2,219 Q Q Q 358 385 357 591 Q
Predominant roof material                  
Metal surfacing 20,936 983 862 1,495 2,556 2,930 4,890 4,596 2,624
Synthetic or rubber 31,563 2,312 2,318 3,179 4,576 4,006 4,925 5,875 4,371
Built-up 19,308 2,580 1,962 2,747 2,831 2,891 2,299 2,908 1,089
Slate or tile shingles 3,997 763 453 293 500 615 691 454 Q
Wooden materials (including
shingles)		 1,568 Q Q Q Q Q Q 366 Q
Asphalt, fiberglass, or
other shingles		 14,058 1,818 991 1,926 1,872 1,673 1,752 2,616 1,411
Concrete 1,968 345 Q Q Q 493 Q 144 Q
Other 3,026 238 Q 382 402 556 520 541 Q
Roof tilt                  
Flat 54,253 4,871 4,281 6,477 8,175 8,031 8,183 9,110 5,123
Shallow pitch 27,609 1,838 1,563 2,504 3,782 3,664 5,044 5,420 3,795
Steeper pitch 14,561 2,537 1,093 1,379 1,104 1,770 2,308 2,969 1,400
Cool roof characteristics (more than one may apply)                  
White/reflective coating or paint 32,799 1,789 2,142 3,114 4,168 4,807 5,484 6,350 4,946
White/reflective tiles or shingles 2,713 284 Q 282 387 444 337 584 219
Aluminum coating 6,149 412 Q 611 982 965 1,015 1,253 656
Ballasted roof system 6,277 480 436 771 827 1,099 1,262 1,022 379
Other cool roof property 1,603 Q Q Q Q Q Q 429 Q
Renovations since 2000
(more than one may apply)		                  
Any type of renovation 45,165 5,441 4,090 6,052 7,290 7,712 7,604 6,314 662
Addition or annex 10,854 1,165 1,076 1,358 1,727 1,121 2,169 1,863 375
Reduction in floorspace 1,784 288 Q Q 420 Q Q Q Q
Roof replacement 20,862 2,856 2,284 3,345 3,572 4,064 2,990 1,604 Q
Interior wall reconfiguration 21,283 2,860 1,662 2,343 3,397 4,025 3,632 3,044 319
Window replacement 10,977 2,156 1,551 1,810 1,833 1,578 1,183 761 Q
HVAC equipment upgrade 27,575 3,593 2,631 4,151 4,661 5,108 4,185 2,965 281
Lighting upgrade 29,098 3,797 2,619 4,128 4,495 5,065 5,008 3,568 417
Electrical upgrade 15,761 2,849 1,739 2,153 2,781 2,413 2,014 1,580 Q
Plumbing system upgrade 15,537 2,680 1,560 2,210 2,647 2,799 1,879 1,540 Q
Insulation upgrade 7,980 1,758 949 743 1,577 1,222 770 836 Q
Fire, safety, or security upgrade 19,985 2,818 2,060 2,520 3,700 3,906 2,802 1,950 Q
Structural upgrade 4,203 961 246 620 664 787 365 468 Q
Other 1,168 Q Q Q Q Q 271 382 Q
No renovations 43,832 3,805 2,847 4,308 5,771 5,753 7,931 11,186 2,231
Buildings constructed 2013 or later 7,426 N N N N N N N 7,426
Energy sources
(more than one may apply)		                  
Electricity 94,844 9,149 6,823 10,258 12,902 13,298 15,066 17,254 10,094
Natural gas 67,722 6,318 5,019 7,811 9,088 8,770 10,386 12,833 7,498
Fuel oil 21,185 2,341 1,346 1,858 2,842 3,200 3,031 4,069 2,498
District heat 6,745 1,356 686 1,174 985 727 585 721 511
District chilled water 4,288 520 296 711 661 469 562 569 500
Propane 10,157 907 771 1,013 1,604 1,557 1,524 1,540 1,241
Solar 3,820 402 Q 414 323 544 623 817 529
Wood, coal, and other 2,113 Q Q Q 342 Q Q Q Q
Space-heating energy sources
(more than one may apply)		                  
Electricity 45,603 3,182 3,086 4,141 6,039 7,878 7,544 8,248 5,484
Natural gas 58,042 5,466 4,507 6,662 7,830 7,272 8,967 11,365 5,974
Fuel oil 4,134 810 585 531 552 242 573 475 Q
District heat 6,547 1,352 648 1,168 974 712 545 709 438
Propane 3,896 481 Q 344 509 821 621 462 340
Other sources1 927 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
Primary space-heating
energy source		                  
Electricity 27,618 1,520 1,422 2,117 3,720 4,880 5,017 5,365 3,576
Natural gas 50,060 4,844 4,023 6,141 6,509 6,284 7,641 9,318 5,300
Fuel oil 2,223 549 328 343 Q Q Q Q Q
District heat 6,090 1,290 577 1,068 912 637 477 709 419
Propane 2,290 394 Q Q Q 441 483 401 Q
Other sources1 380 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
Cooling energy sources
(more than one may apply)		                  
Electricity 84,526 7,615 5,933 8,984 11,434 12,390 13,613 15,788 8,769
Natural gas 400 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
District chilled water 4,288 520 296 711 661 469 562 569 500
Water-heating energy sources
(more than one may apply)		                  
Electricity 47,125 4,017 3,477 4,419 6,415 7,344 7,785 8,639 5,029
Natural gas 46,652 4,004 3,278 5,542 6,033 6,169 7,001 9,423 5,202
Fuel oil 1,807 350 Q 194 Q Q Q 304 Q
District heat 4,206 974 383 688 647 410 358 402 344
Propane 1,947 Q Q Q Q Q 279 Q Q
Cooking energy sources
(more than one may apply)		                  
Electricity 30,509 2,578 2,190 3,216 3,613 4,819 4,724 6,402 2,967
Natural gas 27,705 2,496 2,084 3,275 3,180 3,750 4,265 5,857 2,798
Propane 3,101 434 Q 302 569 343 373 619 204
Energy end uses
(more than one may apply)		                  
Buildings with space heating 88,661 8,625 6,525 9,782 11,792 12,447 13,947 16,005 9,537
Buildings with cooling 87,506 8,061 6,151 9,369 11,888 12,648 13,966 16,243 9,180
Buildings with water heating 87,717 8,442 6,479 9,520 11,726 12,397 13,593 16,142 9,418
Buildings with cooking 43,580 4,294 3,401 5,017 5,196 6,230 6,542 8,800 4,101
Buildings with manufacturing 6,871 474 465 584 1,313 892 1,071 1,351 721
Buildings with electricity
generation		 29,457 2,365 1,526 2,737 3,892 4,234 4,337 6,243 4,123
Buildings with lighting 94,122 9,082 6,744 10,213 12,872 13,298 14,896 17,082 9,935
Percentage of floorspace heated                  
Not heated 7,762 621 412 578 1,269 1,018 1,588 1,495 782
1 to 50% 10,623 962 917 1,156 1,298 1,604 1,886 1,709 1,092
51 to 99% 20,174 2,668 1,316 2,071 2,410 3,047 2,892 3,775 1,996
100% 57,864 4,995 4,292 6,556 8,084 7,797 9,170 10,521 6,449
Percentage of floorspace cooled                  
Not cooled 8,917 1,184 785 991 1,173 817 1,569 1,257 1,139
1 to 50% 19,722 1,727 2,003 2,289 3,119 2,867 3,008 2,958 1,750
51 to 99% 26,277 3,442 1,667 2,994 3,005 3,428 4,134 4,850 2,756
100 41,507 2,892 2,482 4,085 5,763 6,352 6,824 8,435 4,673
Percentage lit when open                  
Zero Q N Q Q N N Q Q Q
1 to 50% 14,172 2,094 1,209 1,630 2,493 1,468 2,295 1,965 1,018
51 to 99% 38,847 3,723 2,810 4,478 4,564 5,840 5,861 7,665 3,906
100% 39,877 2,958 2,637 3,993 5,687 5,760 6,580 7,329 4,932
Building never open/electricity
not used		 2,998 471 Q 231 318 396 660 386 Q
Percentage lit during off hours                  
Zero 15,537 1,759 1,244 1,678 2,281 1,539 3,038 2,594 1,404
1 to 50 69,761 6,780 4,948 7,405 9,302 10,327 10,789 12,666 7,544
51 to 100 7,237 464 568 910 1,042 1,118 884 1,392 859
Building always open with
no "off hours"		 2,309 Q Q 265 277 314 356 602 Q
Electricity not used 1,579 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
Heating equipment
(more than one may apply)		                  
Packaged heating units 48,064 2,753 3,177 4,626 5,970 6,863 8,146 10,006 6,524
Furnaces 17,272 2,025 1,377 1,880 2,194 2,485 2,824 2,717 1,769
Individual space heaters 21,122 1,601 1,801 2,467 3,289 3,149 3,166 3,690 1,958
Boilers 28,831 3,808 2,406 3,651 3,551 3,714 4,062 4,790 2,850
Heat pumps 15,110 1,443 1,260 1,440 1,814 2,602 1,815 2,898 1,837
District heat 6,547 1,352 648 1,168 974 712 545 709 438
Duct reheat 7,418 288 266 684 851 1,689 1,182 1,715 743
Other 821 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
Cooling equipment
(more than one may apply)		                  
Packaged air-conditioning units 56,290 3,609 3,920 5,945 7,532 7,910 9,450 11,588 6,336
Residential-type central air
conditioners		 18,270 2,217 1,372 1,926 2,477 2,386 2,920 3,069 1,904
Individual air conditioners 13,619 2,053 1,393 2,028 1,959 1,999 1,387 1,835 965
Central chillers 17,926 2,002 1,181 2,398 2,723 2,820 2,592 2,850 1,360
Heat pumps 11,098 897 1,039 1,200 1,399 1,856 1,487 1,687 1,533
District chilled water 4,288 520 296 711 661 469 562 569 500
Swamp coolers 2,070 Q Q Q 214 470 421 265 Q
Other Q Q N Q N Q Q Q Q
HVAC features
(more than one may apply)		                  
Economizer cycle 34,087 2,804 2,045 3,557 4,228 5,007 4,777 7,134 4,535
Variable air volume (VAV) system 29,268 2,673 1,753 2,542 3,907 4,268 4,656 5,971 3,498
Dedicated outside air system (DOAS) 9,027 681 829 1,112 1,239 1,119 1,107 1,739 1,200
Demand controlled ventilation (DCV) 10,474 803 1,055 1,086 1,360 1,217 1,759 1,673 1,519
Regular HVAC maintenance 78,015 7,168 5,527 7,859 10,715 10,829 12,294 14,834 8,789
Building automation system (BAS) controls heating/cooling 40,462 3,125 2,630 3,663 5,061 5,781 6,516 8,638 5,047
Internet-connected/smart thermostat 5,966 583 Q 516 799 770 881 1,147 960
Programmable thermostat 20,882 1,759 1,260 2,111 3,020 3,017 3,659 4,042 2,015
Main equipment replaced since
2000 (more than one may apply)		                  
Heating 32,451 4,048 3,354 5,357 6,267 7,060 6,365 N N
Cooling 23,013 3,847 2,539 4,029 4,004 4,532 4,061 N N
Water-heating equipment                  
Centralized system 59,280 6,344 4,679 7,434 7,509 7,927 9,015 10,195 6,177
Distributed system 14,307 1,155 865 1,008 2,617 2,163 2,057 2,974 1,468
Combination of centralized and
distributed system		 14,129 943 935 1,077 1,599 2,307 2,522 2,973 1,774
Generation technologies
(more than one may apply)		                  
Reciprocating engine generators 25,163 2,082 1,342 2,384 3,189 3,593 3,617 5,360 3,595
Solar panels 3,750 396 Q 383 323 544 608 817 513
Other generation technology 2,055 Q Q Q 495 235 367 396 Q
Lighting equipment types
(more than one may apply)		                  
Incandescent 21,081 2,940 1,466 2,707 2,790 3,640 2,548 3,517 1,473
Standard fluorescent 72,932 6,953 5,288 8,127 10,038 10,892 11,306 13,705 6,623
Compact fluorescent 33,696 3,553 1,976 3,857 4,571 5,284 4,842 6,374 3,239
High-intensity discharge (HID) 11,356 934 637 1,135 1,888 1,624 1,593 2,510 1,034
Halogen 15,012 990 842 1,609 2,299 2,542 2,306 3,174 1,251
LED 61,847 5,536 4,669 6,651 7,960 8,941 9,734 11,309 7,047
Other Q N Q N Q Q Q Q Q
Refrigeration equipment
(more than one may apply)		                  
Any refrigeration 77,589 7,101 5,637 8,512 10,145 10,770 12,087 14,893 8,443
Walk-in units 29,384 2,518 2,099 3,362 3,334 4,355 4,301 6,358 3,058
Cases or cabinets 28,517 2,245 1,853 2,866 3,223 3,904 4,428 6,439 3,560
Large cold storage areas 3,592 181 192 453 487 655 428 801 Q
Commercial ice makers 34,672 2,670 2,108 3,528 4,203 4,636 5,267 7,773 4,486
Residential-type or compact units 64,735 5,739 4,819 7,168 8,635 9,485 10,042 11,935 6,913
Vending machines 42,071 2,953 2,584 4,559 5,141 6,331 6,678 8,544 5,280
No refrigeration 18,834 2,145 1,300 1,848 2,917 2,695 3,448 2,606 1,876
Office equipment
(more than one may apply)		                  
Desktop computers 82,012 7,315 5,647 8,908 11,086 11,274 13,118 15,395 9,269
With multiple monitors 50,844 4,583 3,204 5,334 6,555 7,517 7,950 9,919 5,781
Laptop computers 69,375 6,570 5,075 7,573 9,384 9,555 10,600 12,647 7,972
Dedicated servers 51,595 4,316 3,320 5,250 6,506 7,735 8,039 9,950 6,480
Tablets charged in building 48,778 4,085 3,449 5,090 6,372 6,661 7,779 9,695 5,647
Large floor-standing office devices2 54,088 4,958 3,495 5,716 7,291 7,865 8,517 10,073 6,173
Smaller desktop office devices2 74,467 6,713 5,323 8,112 9,789 10,560 11,546 14,100 8,325
Interactive whiteboards 16,939 1,661 1,910 1,989 1,778 2,367 2,891 2,869 1,473
Televisions/video displays 63,618 5,384 4,227 6,782 8,028 9,363 9,959 12,134 7,742
Point-of-sales devices/cash registers 33,606 2,675 2,378 4,118 3,952 4,670 5,450 6,763 3,600
Food preparation or serving areas
in non-food service buildings
(more than one may apply)		                  
Snack bar/concession stand/coffee shop 10,361 1,033 595 1,280 1,249 1,639 1,438 1,868 1,258
Fast food/small restaurant 9,759 693 358 880 1,110 2,052 1,556 2,289 822
Cafeteria/large restaurant 14,531 1,390 1,499 2,103 1,899 1,916 2,050 2,308 1,367
Commercial kitchen/
food preparation area		 17,698 1,580 1,282 1,783 2,197 2,297 2,491 4,272 1,797
Small kitchen area 20,519 2,417 1,658 2,535 2,664 2,949 3,130 3,534 1,631
Separate computer areas
(more than one may apply)		                  
Server closet 48,722 4,097 3,081 4,643 6,352 7,300 7,861 9,397 5,992
Data center 11,383 1,169 728 1,079 1,574 1,590 1,638 2,079 1,526
Computer-based training room 16,556 1,224 1,447 1,995 1,972 2,505 2,783 3,283 1,347
Student or public computer center 12,527 1,058 1,399 1,665 1,712 1,534 1,820 2,055 1,285
Window and interior lighting
features (more than one may
apply)		                  
Multipaned windows 72,694 6,405 4,750 6,774 9,350 10,225 11,824 14,316 9,050
Tinted window glass 44,363 2,494 2,564 3,939 6,453 7,466 6,594 9,054 5,799
Reflective window glass 17,929 1,484 659 1,293 1,840 3,291 2,526 4,139 2,696
External overhangs or awnings 28,718 2,032 2,172 2,977 3,280 3,974 4,146 6,069 4,069
Skylights or atriums 19,815 1,411 936 2,121 2,678 3,322 3,315 3,157 2,875
Light scheduling 33,552 2,665 1,805 2,652 3,876 5,645 5,140 7,430 4,340
Occupancy sensors 44,304 3,894 2,551 3,952 5,569 6,109 6,495 8,994 6,739
Multi-level lighting or dimming 14,424 1,399 742 1,342 1,611 2,303 2,086 2,908 2,033
Daylight harvesting 7,244 358 391 745 816 1,069 1,409 1,320 1,137
Plug-load control 1,961 Q Q Q Q 187 377 374 440
Demand responsive lighting 2,045 Q Q Q Q Q Q 340 Q
Building automation system (BAS) for lighting 16,645 850 490 872 1,841 2,417 2,873 4,430 2,872
Electric vehicle (EV) charging                  
Charging stations associated with the building 10,165 684 388 932 981 1,674 1,688 1,980 1,838
 
Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-871A of the 2018 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey
Notes: Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. The Guide to the 2018 CBECS Tables and CBECS Terminology contain definitions of terms used in these tables and comparisons between previous CBECS tables. You can access both references from http://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/.
Data are sample survey estimates with RSEs published in a tab on the Excel worksheet for this table.
aClimate zones are based on ASHRAE Standard 169-2021; see https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/maps.php#defined.
bOther sources includes wood, coal, solar, and all other energy sources.
cOffice devices refers to any combination of printers, copiers, scanners, or FAX machines.
Q = Data withheld either because the relative standard error (RSE) was greater than 50% or fewer than 20 buildings in reporting sample.
N = No buildings in reporting sample.