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Release
date: September 2021 Revised date: September 2022 |
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Table B8. Year constructed, number of buildings, 2018 | |||||||||
Number of buildings (thousand) | |||||||||
Year constructed | |||||||||
All buildings |
Before 1946 | 1946 to 1959 | 1960 to 1969 | 1970 to 1979 | 1980 to 1989 | 1990 to 1999 | 2000 to 2009 | 2010 to 2018 | |
All buildings | 5,918 | 709 | 517 | 685 | 831 | 794 | 921 | 924 | 537 |
Building floorspace (square feet) | |||||||||
1,001 to 5,000Â | 2,833 | 401 | 267 | 328 | 399 | 372 | 409 | 411 | 246 |
5,001 to 10,000Â | 1,359 | 144 | 114 | 164 | 208 | 206 | 203 | 175 | 145 |
10,001 to 25,000 | 981 | 103 | 83 | 116 | 124 | 112 | 174 | 203 | 66 |
25,001 to 50,000 | 386 | 32 | 25 | 46 | 54 | 54 | 79 | 63 | 35 |
50,001 to 100,000Â | 218 | 18 | 19 | 19 | 27 | 31 | 33 | 44 | 27 |
100,001 to 200,000Â | 93 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 11 | 13 | 16 | 18 | 13 |
200,001 to 500,000Â | 40 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 5 |
Over 500,000Â | 9 | 1 | Q | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
Principal building activity | |||||||||
Education | 437 | 35 | 65 | 51 | 59 | 55 | 86 | 60 | 26 |
Food sales | 163 | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
Food service | 286 | 64 | Q | 32 | 26 | 26 | 34 | 50 | 32 |
Health care | 137 | 11 | 6 | 11 | 17 | 27 | 18 | 32 | 15 |
Inpatient | 9 | Q | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
Outpatient | 129 | Q | Q | Q | 16 | 25 | 18 | 30 | 14 |
Lodging | 207 | 11 | 14 | 28 | 16 | 26 | 36 | 27 | 49 |
Mercantile | 517 | 45 | 48 | 95 | 65 | 63 | 49 | 100 | 52 |
Retail (other than mall)Â | 350 | 42 | Q | 63 | 43 | 40 | 30 | 59 | 33 |
Enclosed and strip malls | 167 | Q | Q | 32 | 22 | 22 | 19 | 41 | 19 |
Office | 970 | 163 | 54 | 82 | 159 | 164 | 130 | 152 | 67 |
Public assembly | 488 | 104 | 33 | 61 | 63 | 35 | 70 | 78 | 43 |
Public order and safety | 81 | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | 18 | Q |
Religious worship | 439 | 98 | 44 | 59 | 74 | 34 | 58 | 55 | Q |
Service | 867 | 67 | 68 | 135 | 143 | 108 | 125 | 139 | 82 |
Warehouse and storage | 1,004 | 38 | 113 | 68 | 121 | 150 | 235 | 162 | 117 |
Other | 113 | Q | Q | 11 | Q | 12 | 35 | 16 | Q |
Vacant | 208 | 41 | Q | 17 | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
Census region | |||||||||
Northeast | 793 | 171 | 80 | 122 | 79 | 92 | 107 | 82 | 59 |
Midwest | 1,719 | 259 | 135 | 207 | 256 | 180 | 237 | 281 | 164 |
South | 2,143 | 182 | 170 | 204 | 311 | 329 | 354 | 377 | 215 |
West | 1,264 | 98 | 132 | 152 | 184 | 193 | 223 | 183 | 99 |
Climate zonea | |||||||||
Cold or very cold | 539 | 87 | 61 | 54 | 72 | 65 | 65 | 93 | 42 |
Cool | 1,727 | 267 | 127 | 219 | 253 | 190 | 235 | 247 | 190 |
Mixed mild | 1,216 | 180 | 119 | 128 | 133 | 155 | 214 | 193 | 94 |
Warm | 1,606 | 132 | 136 | 213 | 244 | 249 | 239 | 281 | 111 |
Hot or very hot | 831 | 43 | 74 | 71 | 128 | 134 | 169 | 111 | 101 |
Number of floors | |||||||||
1 | 4,106 | 259 | 348 | 484 | 610 | 590 | 696 | 719 | 400 |
2 | 1,286 | 244 | 117 | 154 | 184 | 153 | 176 | 155 | 103 |
3 | 370 | 164 | 40 | 32 | 24 | 33 | 30 | 26 | 20 |
4 to 9 | 142 | 39 | 12 | 15 | 12 | 14 | 17 | 22 | 12 |
10 or more | 16 | 4 | Q | 1 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
Elevators
and escalators (more than one may apply) |
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Any elevators | 503 | 89 | 32 | 49 | 45 | 61 | 68 | 104 | 56 |
1 elevator | 366 | 67 | 26 | 39 | 31 | 38 | 50 | 76 | 38 |
2 to 5 elevators | 121 | 20 | 6 | 9 | 11 | 19 | 16 | 26 | 16 |
6 or more elevators | 16 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 2 |
Any escalators | 14 | Q | Q | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | Q | Q |
Number of workers (main shift) | |||||||||
Fewer than 5 | 3,270 | 453 | 292 | 407 | 465 | 380 | 521 | 478 | 275 |
5 to 9 | 1,116 | 129 | 113 | 133 | 143 | 181 | 147 | 169 | 102 |
10 to 19 | 713 | 64 | 51 | 68 | 135 | 107 | 120 | 92 | 74 |
20 to 49 | 492 | 35 | 42 | 42 | 48 | 74 | 79 | 118 | 54 |
50 to 99 | 201 | 16 | 10 | 26 | 27 | 32 | 32 | 38 | 20 |
100 to 249 | 90 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 12 | 16 | 23 | 8 |
250 or more | 37 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 8 | 5 | 7 | 4 |
Weekly operating hours | |||||||||
Fewer than 40 | 1,370 | 249 | 146 | 154 | 219 | 163 | 195 | 169 | 75 |
40 to 48 | 1,483 | 165 | 115 | 188 | 220 | 228 | 215 | 247 | 104 |
49 to 60 | 1,250 | 157 | 137 | 151 | 173 | 148 | 217 | 160 | 106 |
61 to 84 | 645 | 53 | 52 | 76 | 71 | 105 | 89 | 125 | 75 |
85 to 167 | 465 | 32 | 29 | 55 | 45 | 62 | 78 | 118 | 46 |
Open continuously | 705 | 52 | 38 | 61 | 103 | 88 | 127 | 104 | 131 |
Ownership and occupancy | |||||||||
Nongovernment owned | 4,982 | 593 | 442 | 592 | 690 | 682 | 772 | 760 | 452 |
Owner occupied | 3,249 | 434 | 310 | 377 | 440 | 405 | 528 | 486 | 269 |
Leased to tenant(s) | 1,581 | 143 | 108 | 203 | 213 | 236 | 231 | 270 | 178 |
Unoccupied | 152 | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
Government owned | 937 | 116 | 75 | 94 | 141 | 112 | 149 | 164 | 86 |
Federal | 70 | Q | Q | 9 | Q | Q | 8 | Q | Q |
State | 256 | 37 | 21 | 30 | 33 | 33 | 34 | 49 | 20 |
Local | 610 | 77 | 53 | 54 | 95 | 74 | 107 | 93 | 58 |
Party
responsible for operation of energy systems |
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Building owner | 4,872 | 619 | 449 | 551 | 639 | 656 | 769 | 749 | 440 |
Business owner or tenant | 831 | 65 | 66 | 109 | 169 | 107 | 99 | 151 | 66 |
Property management | 97 | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | 38 | 17 | Q |
Other | 118 | 20 | Q | Q | 18 | 18 | Q | 8 | Q |
Provider
of direct input on energy- related equipment purchases |
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Building owner | 5,127 | 628 | 476 | 583 | 693 | 683 | 799 | 799 | 466 |
Business owner or tenant | 483 | 41 | 32 | 66 | 71 | 77 | 70 | 85 | 41 |
Property management | 49 | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
Other | 260 | 38 | Q | 33 | 63 | 32 | 31 | 34 | Q |
Number of establishments | |||||||||
1 | 4,719 | 576 | 414 | 552 | 631 | 591 | 761 | 733 | 462 |
2 to 5 | 811 | 96 | 64 | 95 | 140 | 121 | 110 | 132 | 54 |
6 to 10 | 135 | 7 | 14 | 19 | 14 | 21 | 23 | 29 | 8 |
11 to 20 | 63 | Q | Q | Q | 8 | 14 | 7 | Q | Q |
More than 20 | 19 | 2 | Q | 3 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 3 | Q |
Currently unoccupied | 170 | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
Campus or complex activity | |||||||||
Not part of a campus or complex | 3,622 | 494 | 335 | 464 | 566 | 516 | 485 | 477 | 286 |
Primary or secondary school | 247 | 15 | 32 | 34 | 16 | 20 | 68 | 42 | 19 |
College or university | 103 | 7 | 16 | 14 | 11 | 11 | 12 | Q | Q |
Office complex | 141 | 17 | Q | 32 | Q | 27 | 14 | 30 | Q |
Retail complex | 250 | Q | Q | Q | 18 | 36 | 47 | 62 | 29 |
Storage complex | 418 | Q | Q | Q | 39 | 42 | 146 | 98 | 50 |
Religious campus or complex | 253 | 45 | 48 | 32 | 49 | Q | 25 | 33 | Q |
Health care complex | 60 | Q | Q | Q | 6 | 6 | 13 | 18 | 4 |
Lodging or resort complex | 102 | Q | Q | Q | Q | 10 | Q | Q | Q |
Transportation complex | 36 | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
Government complex | 124 | 17 | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | 29 | Q |
Other | 563 | 71 | Q | 48 | 75 | 86 | 73 | 104 | 81 |
Predominant exterior wall material | |||||||||
Brick, stone, or stucco | 2,490 | 432 | 238 | 367 | 299 | 283 | 322 | 365 | 186 |
Concrete (block or poured) | 935 | 59 | 161 | 124 | 210 | 123 | 122 | 85 | 51 |
Concrete panels | 137 | Q | Q | 12 | 13 | 23 | 24 | 34 | 16 |
Siding or shingles | 948 | 165 | 71 | 71 | 126 | 153 | 155 | 119 | 87 |
Metal panels | 1,250 | Q | 31 | 96 | 168 | 186 | 274 | 281 | 183 |
Window glass | 19 | N | Q | Q | 2 | 4 | 2 | 7 | 4 |
Other | 139 | Q | Q | Q | 13 | 21 | 23 | 33 | Q |
Predominant roof material | |||||||||
Metal surfacing | 2,198 | 150 | 105 | 173 | 297 | 314 | 482 | 432 | 245 |
Synthetic or rubber | 940 | 131 | 123 | 127 | 124 | 111 | 101 | 124 | 98 |
Built-up | 708 | 99 | 87 | 126 | 106 | 95 | 74 | 82 | 40 |
Slate or tile shingles | 376 | 63 | 44 | 46 | 45 | 61 | 50 | 47 | Q |
Wooden
materials (including shingles) |
166 | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | 36 | Q |
Asphalt,
fiberglass, or other shingles |
1,311 | 218 | 120 | 173 | 205 | 145 | 176 | 176 | 99 |
Concrete | 83 | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | 9 | Q |
Other | 136 | 11 | Q | 22 | 23 | 22 | 14 | 18 | Q |
Roof tilt | |||||||||
Flat | 1,914 | 223 | 193 | 298 | 314 | 233 | 256 | 252 | 145 |
Shallow pitch | 2,313 | 191 | 184 | 243 | 347 | 330 | 393 | 391 | 234 |
Steeper pitch | 1,691 | 296 | 140 | 144 | 170 | 231 | 272 | 280 | 159 |
Cool roof characteristics (more than one may apply) | |||||||||
White/reflective coating or paint | 1,285 | 121 | 124 | 124 | 179 | 176 | 214 | 232 | 115 |
White/reflective tiles or shingles | 140 | 13 | Q | 21 | Q | 20 | 12 | 33 | 11 |
Aluminum coating | 528 | 48 | Q | 66 | 86 | 75 | 104 | 97 | 36 |
Ballasted roof system | 114 | 17 | Q | 13 | 18 | 11 | 17 | 11 | 9 |
Other cool roof property | 35 | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | 7 | Q |
Renovations
since 2000 (more than one may apply) |
|||||||||
Any type of renovation | 2,032 | 349 | 234 | 293 | 326 | 281 | 308 | 225 | 16 |
Addition or annex | 327 | 40 | 43 | 37 | 44 | 34 | 58 | 62 | 9 |
Reduction in floorspace | 35 | Q | Q | Q | 4 | Q | Q | Q | Q |
Roof replacement | 847 | 198 | 105 | 130 | 132 | 118 | 108 | 52 | Q |
Interior wall reconfiguration | 709 | 111 | 64 | 81 | 119 | 108 | 120 | 102 | 5 |
Window replacement | 484 | 120 | 80 | 88 | 84 | 39 | 49 | 22 | Q |
HVAC equipment upgrade | 1,006 | 193 | 131 | 158 | 156 | 137 | 143 | 82 | 7 |
Lighting upgrade | 1,012 | 188 | 123 | 164 | 150 | 129 | 168 | 84 | 6 |
Electrical upgrade | 565 | 148 | 76 | 80 | 89 | 57 | 70 | 41 | Q |
Plumbing system upgrade | 584 | 146 | 60 | 80 | 110 | 88 | 63 | 35 | Q |
Insulation upgrade | 307 | 81 | 59 | 28 | 50 | 31 | 24 | 31 | Q |
Fire, safety, or security upgrade | 570 | 114 | 65 | 81 | 94 | 88 | 73 | 52 | Q |
Structural upgrade | 147 | 42 | 18 | 26 | 19 | 7 | 13 | 19 | Q |
Other | 43 | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
No renovations | 3,530 | 360 | 283 | 392 | 505 | 513 | 613 | 698 | 165 |
Buildings constructed 2013 or later | 357 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 357 |
Energy
sources (more than one may apply) |
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Electricity | 5,613 | 691 | 496 | 673 | 787 | 752 | 844 | 860 | 508 |
Natural gas | 2,974 | 356 | 310 | 420 | 400 | 372 | 412 | 454 | 250 |
Fuel oil | 583 | 105 | 56 | 57 | 87 | 69 | 73 | 94 | 41 |
District heat | 86 | 21 | 20 | 14 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 6 | 4 |
District chilled water | 55 | 7 | Q | 10 | 6 | 4 | 10 | 6 | 4 |
Propane | 676 | 114 | 52 | 61 | 115 | 85 | 113 | 91 | 45 |
Solar | 99 | 4 | Q | 19 | Q | 21 | 14 | 21 | 11 |
Wood, coal, and other | 180 | Q | Q | Q | 25 | Q | Q | Q | Q |
Space-heating
energy sources (more than one may apply) |
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Electricity | 2,563 | 225 | 211 | 285 | 328 | 410 | 405 | 421 | 279 |
Natural gas | 2,587 | 325 | 277 | 375 | 352 | 307 | 343 | 403 | 205 |
Fuel oil | 266 | 79 | 40 | 39 | 23 | 28 | 27 | Q | Q |
District heat | 83 | 21 | 19 | 13 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 3 |
Propane | 431 | 95 | Q | 38 | 78 | 66 | 58 | 40 | 27 |
Other sources1 | 127 | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
Primary
space-heating energy source |
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Electricity | 1,856 | 156 | 118 | 169 | 244 | 302 | 327 | 319 | 221 |
Natural gas | 2,344 | 299 | 263 | 358 | 320 | 272 | 307 | 343 | 181 |
Fuel oil | 222 | 71 | 33 | 34 | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
District heat | 78 | 20 | 17 | 13 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 3 |
Propane | 338 | 84 | Q | Q | Q | 57 | 51 | 37 | Q |
Other sources1 | 63 | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
Cooling
energy sources (more than one may apply) |
|||||||||
Electricity | 4,584 | 558 | 409 | 545 | 643 | 650 | 677 | 710 | 392 |
Natural gas | 4 | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
District chilled water | 55 | 7 | Q | 10 | 6 | 4 | 10 | 6 | 4 |
Water-heating
energy sources (more than one may apply) |
|||||||||
Electricity | 2,785 | 341 | 272 | 289 | 409 | 395 | 376 | 436 | 269 |
Natural gas | 1,885 | 211 | 152 | 309 | 247 | 257 | 259 | 298 | 151 |
Fuel oil | 72 | 19 | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
District heat | 38 | 7 | 11 | 4 | 5 | Q | Q | 2 | 2 |
Propane | 145 | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | 28 | Q | Q |
Cooking
energy sources (more than one may apply) |
|||||||||
Electricity | 1,216 | 150 | 102 | 113 | 149 | 174 | 184 | 217 | 126 |
Natural gas | 726 | 114 | 62 | 109 | 79 | 83 | 83 | 129 | 67 |
Propane | 159 | 33 | Q | 19 | 20 | Q | 24 | 29 | 6 |
Energy
end uses (more than one may apply) |
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Buildings with space heating | 4,901 | 635 | 462 | 598 | 661 | 668 | 724 | 729 | 425 |
Buildings with cooling | 4,631 | 563 | 416 | 552 | 650 | 653 | 686 | 715 | 396 |
Buildings with water heating | 4,595 | 579 | 430 | 573 | 635 | 632 | 634 | 699 | 412 |
Buildings with cooking | 1,738 | 254 | 157 | 211 | 209 | 225 | 240 | 284 | 158 |
Buildings with manufacturing | 322 | 30 | 38 | 23 | 58 | 34 | 47 | 53 | 38 |
Buildings
with electricity generation |
706 | 67 | 29 | 65 | 115 | 83 | 130 | 136 | 81 |
Buildings with lighting | 5,509 | 682 | 478 | 666 | 784 | 752 | 827 | 839 | 481 |
Percentage of floorspace heated | |||||||||
Not heated | 1,017 | 74 | 55 | 88 | 169 | 126 | 197 | 195 | 112 |
1 to 50% | 693 | 96 | 106 | 77 | 73 | 88 | 111 | 68 | 74 |
51 to 99% | 905 | 160 | 92 | 115 | 104 | 124 | 113 | 137 | 60 |
100% | 3,303 | 379 | 264 | 405 | 484 | 455 | 499 | 524 | 292 |
Percentage of floorspace cooled | |||||||||
Not cooled | 1,288 | 146 | 102 | 133 | 181 | 141 | 235 | 208 | 142 |
1 to 50% | 1,111 | 124 | 140 | 132 | 168 | 185 | 186 | 114 | 61 |
51 to 99% | 998 | 184 | 85 | 151 | 122 | 115 | 118 | 138 | 85 |
100% | 2,522 | 254 | 191 | 269 | 359 | 353 | 383 | 463 | 250 |
Percentage lit when open | |||||||||
0% | Q | N | Q | Q | N | N | Q | Q | Q |
1 to 50% | 1,280 | 216 | 118 | 158 | 216 | 125 | 206 | 142 | 98 |
51 to 99% | 1,784 | 251 | 160 | 238 | 223 | 243 | 229 | 294 | 146 |
100% | 2,272 | 191 | 179 | 256 | 318 | 342 | 375 | 383 | 227 |
Building
never open/electricity not used |
513 | 50 | Q | 29 | 73 | 84 | 100 | 84 | Q |
Percentage lit during off hours | |||||||||
0% | 2,054 | 305 | 173 | 245 | 300 | 201 | 349 | 316 | 165 |
1 to 50% | 3,243 | 363 | 296 | 401 | 429 | 520 | 453 | 475 | 305 |
51 to 100% | 238 | 22 | 23 | 21 | 45 | 24 | 33 | 51 | 20 |
Building
always open with no "off hours" |
78 | Q | Q | Q | 12 | 8 | 8 | 18 | Q |
Electricity not used | 305 | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
Heating
equipment (more than one may apply) |
|||||||||
Packaged heating units | 2,187 | 161 | 168 | 261 | 304 | 313 | 342 | 388 | 250 |
Furnaces | 1,621 | 293 | 161 | 192 | 211 | 226 | 237 | 204 | 97 |
Individual space heaters | 1,246 | 129 | 155 | 156 | 182 | 165 | 199 | 174 | 86 |
Boilers | 703 | 135 | 71 | 120 | 70 | 74 | 79 | 94 | 62 |
Heat pumps | 673 | 62 | 41 | 74 | 72 | 115 | 83 | 119 | 106 |
District heat | 83 | 21 | 19 | 13 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 3 |
Duct reheat | 134 | Q | 9 | 16 | 17 | 21 | 11 | 35 | 13 |
Other | 17 | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
Cooling
equipment (more than one may apply) |
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Packaged air-conditioning units | 2,565 | 246 | 219 | 316 | 371 | 353 | 382 | 452 | 226 |
Residential-type
central air conditioners |
1,309 | 216 | 115 | 135 | 174 | 167 | 205 | 186 | 113 |
Individual air conditioners | 735 | 138 | 87 | 119 | 86 | 101 | 95 | 76 | 35 |
Central chillers | 202 | 22 | 19 | 29 | 26 | 38 | 30 | 26 | 13 |
Heat pumps | 492 | 36 | 42 | 61 | 67 | 89 | 48 | 75 | 74 |
District chilled water | 55 | 7 | Q | 10 | 6 | 4 | 10 | 6 | 4 |
Swamp coolers | 85 | Q | Q | Q | Q | 16 | 22 | 12 | Q |
Other | Q | Q | N | Q | N | Q | Q | Q | Q |
HVAC
features (more than one may apply) |
|||||||||
Economizer cycle | 747 | 63 | 47 | 82 | 72 | 100 | 109 | 162 | 111 |
Variable air volume (VAV) system | 698 | 75 | 62 | 59 | 100 | 85 | 99 | 124 | 93 |
Dedicated outside air system (DOAS) | 249 | 20 | 21 | 41 | 54 | 16 | 27 | 47 | 23 |
Demand controlled ventilation (DCV) | 349 | 47 | 51 | 29 | 32 | 34 | 48 | 55 | 53 |
Regular HVAC maintenance | 3,554 | 406 | 341 | 402 | 483 | 447 | 522 | 597 | 355 |
Building automation system (BAS) controls heating/cooling | 933 | 66 | 84 | 97 | 106 | 121 | 130 | 192 | 137 |
Internet-connected/smart thermostat | 325 | 43 | Q | 30 | 43 | 28 | 73 | 58 | 27 |
Programmable thermostat | 1,545 | 200 | 106 | 157 | 229 | 240 | 237 | 255 | 123 |
Main
equipment replaced since 2000 (more than one may apply) |
|||||||||
Heating | 1,937 | 331 | 238 | 324 | 337 | 397 | 310 | N | N |
Cooling | 1,269 | 270 | 166 | 199 | 209 | 204 | 221 | N | N |
Water-heating equipment | |||||||||
Centralized system | 3,538 | 472 | 332 | 463 | 483 | 481 | 506 | 515 | 285 |
Distributed system | 782 | 83 | 82 | 83 | 120 | 110 | 87 | 126 | 91 |
Combination
of centralized and distributed system |
274 | 24 | 17 | 28 | 31 | 40 | 42 | 57 | 36 |
Generation
technologies (more than one may apply) |
|||||||||
Reciprocating engine generators | 580 | 62 | 24 | 51 | 100 | 58 | 110 | 105 | 69 |
Solar panels | 94 | 4 | Q | 14 | Q | 21 | 14 | 21 | 11 |
Other generation technology | 43 | Q | Q | Q | 11 | 5 | 6 | 14 | Q |
Lighting
equipment types (more than one may apply) |
|||||||||
Incandescent | 1,100 | 213 | 104 | 140 | 134 | 151 | 134 | 143 | 80 |
Standard fluorescent | 4,019 | 517 | 346 | 506 | 579 | 605 | 612 | 579 | 275 |
Compact fluorescent | 1,133 | 148 | 92 | 160 | 132 | 155 | 122 | 191 | 133 |
High-intensity discharge (HID) | 238 | 25 | 12 | 26 | 34 | 30 | 37 | 48 | 26 |
Halogen | 552 | 68 | 46 | 69 | 85 | 62 | 80 | 92 | 50 |
LED | 2,592 | 330 | 275 | 301 | 324 | 322 | 374 | 385 | 282 |
Other | Q | N | Q | N | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
Refrigeration
equipment (more than one may apply) |
|||||||||
Any refrigeration | 3,850 | 496 | 334 | 483 | 513 | 513 | 572 | 603 | 336 |
Walk-in units | 706 | 88 | 56 | 106 | 78 | 99 | 76 | 130 | 74 |
Cases or cabinets | 837 | 134 | 75 | 116 | 93 | 89 | 94 | 150 | 87 |
Large cold storage areas | 69 | 10 | Q | 15 | 10 | Q | 3 | 12 | Q |
Commercial ice makers | 872 | 96 | 62 | 109 | 107 | 100 | 124 | 166 | 107 |
Residential-type or compact units | 3,321 | 423 | 300 | 414 | 448 | 446 | 503 | 497 | 290 |
Vending machines | 800 | 50 | 63 | 100 | 95 | 128 | 131 | 140 | 92 |
No refrigeration | 2,068 | 212 | 183 | 203 | 318 | 281 | 349 | 321 | 202 |
Office
equipment (more than one may apply) |
|||||||||
Desktop computers | 3,804 | 417 | 317 | 454 | 528 | 528 | 580 | 620 | 360 |
With multiple monitors | 1,504 | 176 | 120 | 160 | 187 | 206 | 223 | 291 | 142 |
Laptop computers | 2,786 | 344 | 255 | 339 | 373 | 368 | 417 | 414 | 274 |
Dedicated servers | 1,400 | 132 | 106 | 157 | 178 | 185 | 224 | 261 | 157 |
Tablets charged in building | 1,556 | 169 | 128 | 160 | 208 | 184 | 267 | 267 | 174 |
Large floor-standing office devices2 | 1,456 | 163 | 111 | 160 | 200 | 190 | 241 | 265 | 127 |
Smaller desktop office devices2 | 3,560 | 422 | 341 | 415 | 455 | 501 | 532 | 575 | 319 |
Interactive whiteboards | 262 | 18 | 26 | 33 | 23 | 35 | 45 | 55 | 25 |
Televisions/video displays | 2,451 | 272 | 187 | 289 | 287 | 362 | 394 | 382 | 277 |
Point-of-sales devices/cash registers | 1,420 | 165 | 122 | 226 | 165 | 181 | 188 | 231 | 142 |
Food
preparation or serving areas in non-food service buildings (more than one may apply) |
|||||||||
Snack bar/concession stand/coffee shop | 144 | 7 | 9 | 27 | 14 | 21 | 18 | 24 | 25 |
Fast food/small restaurant | 160 | 26 | 6 | 21 | 16 | 22 | 19 | 30 | 19 |
Cafeteria/large restaurant | 129 | 13 | 17 | 26 | 11 | 14 | 13 | 21 | 13 |
Commercial
kitchen/ food preparation area |
284 | 26 | 27 | 38 | 39 | 37 | 32 | 59 | 26 |
Small kitchen area | 1,018 | 148 | 100 | 114 | 127 | 150 | 154 | 147 | 77 |
Separate
computer areas (more than one may apply) |
|||||||||
Server closet | 1,237 | 106 | 62 | 132 | 152 | 172 | 215 | 247 | 150 |
Data center | 116 | 13 | 10 | 7 | 14 | 10 | 21 | 20 | 21 |
Computer-based training room | 228 | 15 | 25 | 23 | 24 | 34 | 48 | 39 | 19 |
Student or public computer center | 236 | 20 | 21 | 35 | 33 | 27 | 44 | 26 | 30 |
Window
and interior lighting features (more than one may apply) |
|||||||||
Multipaned windows | 3,527 | 385 | 264 | 371 | 464 | 489 | 530 | 631 | 391 |
Tinted window glass | 1,679 | 147 | 120 | 161 | 252 | 272 | 250 | 295 | 183 |
Reflective window glass | 497 | 42 | 26 | 46 | 56 | 66 | 81 | 107 | 73 |
External overhangs or awnings | 1,513 | 153 | 155 | 186 | 178 | 175 | 231 | 253 | 183 |
Skylights or atriums | 509 | 50 | 27 | 61 | 45 | 87 | 100 | 68 | 72 |
Light scheduling | 910 | 78 | 73 | 73 | 98 | 138 | 122 | 196 | 134 |
Occupancy sensors | 1,025 | 78 | 83 | 102 | 127 | 122 | 150 | 200 | 163 |
Multi-level lighting or dimming | 332 | 66 | 26 | 39 | 33 | 23 | 43 | 61 | 42 |
Daylight harvesting | 138 | Q | 11 | 15 | 6 | 17 | 29 | 21 | 30 |
Plug-load control | 58 | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | 15 | 6 | 8 |
Demand responsive lighting | 98 | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | 10 | Q |
Building automation system (BAS) for lighting | 317 | 15 | 14 | 19 | 24 | 22 | 50 | 83 | 91 |
Electric vehicle (EV) charging | |||||||||
Charging stations associated with the building | 132 | 5 | Q | 15 | 16 | 17 | 22 | 36 | 14 |
Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-871A of the 2018 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey Notes: Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. The Guide to the 2018 CBECS Tables and CBECS Terminology contain definitions of terms used in these tables and comparisons between previous CBECS tables. You can access both references from http://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/. Data are sample survey estimates with RSEs published in a tab on the Excel worksheet for this table. aClimate zones are based on ASHRAE Standard 169-2021; see https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/maps.php#defined. bOther sources includes wood, coal, solar, and all other energy sources. cOffice devices refers to any combination of printers, copiers, scanners, or FAX machines. Q = Data withheld either because the relative standard error (RSE) was greater than 50% or fewer than 20 buildings in reporting sample. N = No buildings in reporting sample. |