Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS)

Overview
Data

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Table C6. Expenditures by Census region for sum of major fuels, 2012

Released: May 2016

	Sum of major fuel expenditures (million dollars)				Sum of major fuel expenditures (dollars)

					per million Btu				per square foot
	North- east	Mid- west	South	West	North- east	Mid- west	South	West	North- east	Mid- west	South	West
All buildings	34,917	27,379	54,780	31,983	23.93	17.49	21.35	23.31	2.25	1.45	1.60	1.74
Building floorspace (square feet)
1,001 to 5,000	2,672	3,026	7,166	3,478	25.18	19.54	22.38	24.58	2.53	1.63	2.12	1.99
5,001 to 10,000	2,251	2,490	5,336	4,154	25.29	17.04	21.31	25.86	1.80	1.33	1.51	1.85
10,001 to 25,000	4,259	3,578	7,083	5,001	26.62	18.46	22.16	24.63	1.77	1.24	1.36	1.39
25,001 to 50,000	2,846	3,804	6,772	3,876	23.09	17.25	21.35	23.98	1.73	1.26	1.50	1.43
50,001 to 100,000	5,547	4,382	9,138	3,456	22.10	17.28	22.20	22.87	2.07	1.61	1.49	1.46
100,001 to 200,000	6,448	3,488	7,317	4,654	21.37	18.12	21.30	23.60	2.54	1.45	1.42	2.00
200,001 to 500,000	6,007	4,029	6,640	4,204	24.53	16.27	20.07	20.71	2.69	1.48	1.80	2.02
Over 500,000	4,886	2,583	5,327	3,160	26.63	16.48	19.51	20.55	2.83	1.82	2.01	2.47
Principal building activity
Education	3,432	3,825	6,955	2,606	20.35	16.25	21.63	22.44	1.67	1.21	1.35	1.41
Food sales	1,684	803	2,053	1,626	23.37	21.59	23.68	24.57	5.32	4.62	5.15	4.49
Food service	1,735	1,701	4,186	2,334	23.85	16.29	17.71	23.15	5.94	4.60	5.43	6.04
Health care	3,760	2,262	4,503	2,548	21.36	14.70	17.84	18.84	3.53	2.63	3.12	3.24
Inpatient	2,542	1,549	3,376	1,906	20.52	13.63	16.41	18.07	4.73	3.12	3.78	4.27
Outpatient	1,218	713	1,126	641	23.37	17.70	24.12	21.56	2.30	1.95	2.06	1.89
Lodging	2,143	1,800	3,950	3,104	21.74	16.77	19.48	19.92	2.13	1.70	1.72	2.13
Mercantile	3,919	3,864	9,228	5,694	25.55	18.40	23.21	23.09	2.37	1.81	1.95	2.02
Retail (other than mall)	1,675	1,682	3,224	2,402	30.01	19.65	24.21	26.93	2.01	1.47	1.52	1.80
Enclosed and strip malls	2,244	2,182	6,004	3,292	23.00	17.54	22.70	20.92	2.74	2.20	2.31	2.23
Office	9,791	5,289	9,276	6,426	26.49	19.82	25.19	27.19	2.64	1.59	1.69	1.88
Public assembly	2,276	2,457	3,674	1,810	24.60	17.77	20.85	24.80	2.39	1.55	1.83	1.78
Public order and safety	1,021	412	959	Q	27.29	14.01	19.30	Q	2.96	1.23	1.67	Q
Religious worship	717	599	1,451	571	19.26	14.18	21.58	21.49	0.80	0.65	0.72	0.79
Service	1,133	1,523	2,039	918	23.23	17.35	20.03	27.38	1.38	1.03	1.24	1.32
Warehouse and storage	1,426	1,729	4,040	2,500	22.60	18.57	22.95	25.86	0.81	0.68	0.77	0.71
Other	1,741	924	2,149	1,145	26.99	18.83	18.46	20.40	6.38	2.13	2.60	2.45
Vacant	Q	191	316	327	Q	17.88	24.03	25.69	Q	0.36	0.19	0.49
Year constructed
Before 1920	2,438	875	1,528	353	25.24	16.35	21.06	22.80	1.49	0.84	1.56	1.07
1920 to 1945	4,349	1,804	2,137	1,409	26.21	16.29	24.33	26.20	2.22	1.02	1.42	1.77
1946 to 1959	3,279	2,421	3,205	2,111	23.45	16.69	20.53	21.99	2.07	1.46	1.22	1.40
1960 to 1969	5,029	3,509	5,716	4,133	25.03	16.27	18.82	22.76	2.25	1.31	1.63	2.13
1970 to 1979	5,685	4,814	6,342	3,760	21.59	18.54	19.82	22.30	2.91	1.84	1.72	1.46
1980 to 1989	3,784	4,056	11,967	6,367	25.84	17.40	21.91	26.71	2.17	1.55	1.72	1.62
1990 to 1999	5,175	3,893	9,559	5,136	23.15	18.45	22.03	21.98	2.53	1.39	1.55	1.84
2000 to 2003	2,301	2,626	5,381	2,292	23.25	19.57	21.86	23.04	2.35	1.76	1.62	1.61
2004 to 2007	1,170	1,847	4,379	3,913	22.03	18.27	22.01	22.39	2.34	1.49	1.54	2.01
2008 to 2012	1,707	1,535	4,567	Q	24.09	15.08	22.73	22.78	1.89	1.54	1.69	2.24
Climate region¹
Very cold/Cold	21,580	23,441	N	7,558	23.12	17.24	N	16.68	2.05	1.45	N	1.45
Mixed-humid	13,338	3,938	32,164	N	25.35	19.13	20.92	N	2.65	1.43	1.60	N
Mixed-dry/Hot-dry	N	N	Q	19,168	N	N	14.97	26.77	N	N	0.85	1.83
Hot-humid	N	N	21,303	Q	N	N	22.63	Q	N	N	1.69	Q
Marine	N	N	N	4,677	N	N	N	23.78	N	N	N	1.91
Number of floors
One	8,192	11,047	27,601	15,597	24.00	17.93	22.23	24.66	2.12	1.44	1.49	1.60
Two	8,272	6,187	10,113	6,493	22.42	18.06	21.78	22.84	2.02	1.27	1.45	1.52
Three	5,026	3,606	3,512	1,906	25.23	16.77	20.13	24.02	2.08	1.38	1.73	1.76
Four to nine	7,691	4,865	10,290	5,464	21.61	16.50	19.38	21.84	2.26	1.67	2.05	2.49
Ten or more	5,737	1,674	3,264	2,524	29.57	17.22	21.07	20.12	3.29	1.90	1.88	2.41
Elevators and escalators (more than one may apply)
Any elevators	20,602	12,112	20,854	12,501	23.66	16.86	20.45	21.77	2.60	1.60	1.89	2.22
Number of elevators
One	5,303	4,389	5,636	2,530	20.57	16.83	22.34	22.42	2.06	1.36	1.54	1.49
Two to five	7,860	4,397	8,714	5,135	23.77	17.31	20.22	22.69	2.50	1.58	1.89	2.25
Six or more	7,439	3,326	6,504	4,836	26.35	16.33	19.34	20.57	3.40	2.14	2.37	2.92
Any escalators	2,347	1,400	2,354	2,013	27.38	18.91	20.87	19.30	2.94	1.59	2.20	2.22
Number of workers (main shift)
Fewer than 5	3,134	3,768	6,484	3,497	24.84	18.46	22.48	25.46	1.16	0.88	0.88	1.02
5 to 9	2,271	2,699	5,415	3,246	25.36	20.15	22.22	24.86	1.77	1.41	1.52	1.46
10 to 19	2,335	3,101	6,646	4,273	24.58	16.62	20.65	25.30	1.68	1.65	1.74	1.68
20 to 49	4,600	4,834	9,576	6,405	24.41	17.21	21.51	23.42	2.42	1.43	1.71	1.77
50 to 99	5,256	4,490	10,322	3,910	21.36	17.24	21.48	24.01	2.20	1.63	1.70	1.73
100 to 249	6,020	3,753	7,567	4,402	22.56	17.02	20.65	21.51	2.38	1.62	1.82	2.28
250 or more	11,301	4,735	8,771	6,250	25.26	16.95	20.87	21.25	3.37	1.98	2.35	2.67
Weekly operating hours
Fewer than 40	862	1,395	1,477	1,065	23.28	17.96	20.75	24.80	0.73	0.69	0.42	0.70
40 to 48	3,398	3,135	7,539	5,101	24.56	17.91	23.08	26.58	1.44	1.03	1.11	1.41
49 to 60	6,534	5,529	11,032	5,823	26.63	18.32	23.10	24.99	1.95	1.26	1.30	1.35
61 to 84	6,892	5,968	10,313	6,898	23.27	17.80	22.33	24.96	2.08	1.64	1.96	1.89
85 to 167	5,804	4,660	8,010	4,399	22.69	17.34	20.57	23.88	3.09	1.92	2.55	2.26
Open continuously	11,427	6,693	16,408	8,696	23.48	16.44	19.54	19.61	3.30	1.96	2.32	2.64
Ownership and occupancy
Nongovernment owned	26,501	20,825	43,065	26,257	24.55	17.73	21.49	23.50	2.22	1.47	1.63	1.75
Owner occupied	11,366	10,409	20,496	11,012	22.80	16.92	20.72	21.49	2.08	1.42	1.69	1.92
Leased to tenant(s)	11,241	7,427	17,302	11,490	26.93	19.31	22.30	24.82	2.54	1.57	1.71	1.67
Owner occupied and leased	3,870	2,932	5,205	3,665	23.79	17.12	22.00	26.48	2.17	1.66	1.61	1.76
Unoccupied	Q	Q	63	Q	Q	Q	31.67	Q	Q	Q	0.06	Q
Government owned	8,416	6,554	11,714	5,726	22.16	16.76	20.83	22.50	2.32	1.38	1.49	1.71
Federal	Q	507	1,769	387	Q	19.56	23.69	17.91	Q	1.84	2.12	1.90
State	3,592	1,952	3,037	2,069	20.38	16.46	18.46	21.69	3.13	1.69	1.44	1.84
Local	4,389	4,096	6,909	3,270	23.30	16.61	21.37	23.79	1.98	1.24	1.41	1.62
Party responsible for operation and maintenance of energy systems
Building owner	29,004	23,922	44,731	25,531	23.87	17.35	21.28	22.95	2.18	1.42	1.55	1.72
Business owner or tenant	5,061	2,905	8,290	5,670	24.67	18.36	21.53	24.14	2.78	1.69	1.83	1.76
Property management	Q	Q	1,149	Q	Q	Q	21.93	Q	Q	Q	1.76	Q
Other	Q	Q	610	Q	Q	Q	22.85	Q	Q	Q	1.94	Q
Provider of direct input on energy- related equipment purchases
Building owner	29,498	24,412	46,177	27,211	23.88	17.39	21.32	23.08	2.17	1.42	1.55	1.73
Business owner or tenant	4,179	2,249	6,424	4,049	24.97	18.46	21.08	23.50	3.00	1.77	1.93	1.79
Property management	Q	Q	451	Q	Q	Q	25.46	Q	Q	Q	1.31	Q
Other	841	466	1,728	326	22.13	18.36	22.08	29.27	2.68	1.35	2.14	1.48
Number of establishments
One	20,732	17,381	35,174	20,179	22.71	17.38	20.89	22.71	2.18	1.39	1.62	1.80
2 to 5	7,592	6,776	9,996	6,167	24.44	17.67	21.60	25.36	2.30	1.61	1.54	1.65
6 to 10	1,909	1,275	3,144	1,904	27.97	17.65	22.82	22.30	2.46	1.60	1.80	1.73
11 to 20	2,092	991	3,464	1,534	26.16	17.78	23.14	22.01	2.51	2.01	2.22	1.88
More than 20	2,569	899	2,928	2,087	29.55	17.70	22.59	26.30	3.09	1.69	2.06	2.01
Currently unoccupied	Q	Q	74	111	Q	Q	29.34	19.39	Q	Q	0.06	0.25
Predominant exterior wall material
Brick, stone, or stucco	17,155	13,732	28,689	12,703	23.79	16.88	20.88	23.15	2.24	1.52	1.72	1.79
Concrete (block or poured)	8,553	5,937	14,369	8,913	23.33	18.06	22.03	23.96	2.37	1.48	1.76	1.80
Concrete panels	2,102	2,838	4,164	4,900	20.81	16.68	21.80	24.23	2.61	1.68	1.32	1.61
Siding or shingles	2,930	2,007	1,923	2,527	29.37	19.47	21.20	23.74	1.84	1.44	1.38	1.84
Metal panels	1,770	1,906	4,114	1,413	25.18	19.17	21.17	22.19	1.73	0.89	0.97	1.12
Window glass	1,588	Q	831	856	21.74	Q	24.09	20.45	3.67	Q	2.31	2.65
Other	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q
No one major type	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q
Predominant roof material
Metal surfacing	2,468	3,313	9,994	3,603	26.54	19.79	22.08	23.76	1.52	1.02	1.20	1.32
Synthetic or rubber	13,751	11,798	15,054	9,388	23.66	17.55	20.94	20.00	2.34	1.57	1.94	2.00
Built-up	9,955	5,961	14,968	9,105	23.22	16.34	21.30	24.87	2.63	1.49	1.68	1.76
Slate or tile shingles	1,450	526	3,253	2,898	20.60	18.25	19.50	27.62	1.72	1.35	1.74	2.40
Wooden materials (including shingles)	344	Q	637	695	20.43	Q	17.84	24.51	2.13	Q	1.66	1.48
Asphalt, fiberglass, or other shingles	5,893	4,998	8,540	4,936	26.55	17.19	21.88	24.42	2.21	1.53	1.46	1.48
Concrete	692	Q	1,586	820	23.02	Q	24.25	29.82	2.32	Q	1.84	2.03
Other	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q
No one major type	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q
Roof characteristics
Roof tilt
Flat	25,449	16,979	32,186	20,022	23.99	17.15	20.80	22.82	2.53	1.61	1.78	1.84
Shallow pitch	4,424	6,471	15,728	8,641	22.75	18.75	22.44	24.26	1.74	1.29	1.43	1.63
Steeper pitch	5,044	3,929	6,866	3,319	24.72	17.06	21.59	24.03	1.72	1.18	1.33	1.51
Cool roof	8,725	6,243	13,650	10,017	22.91	16.85	21.60	22.07	2.58	1.70	1.81	1.98
Renovations in buildings constructed before 2008 (more than one may apply)
Any type of renovation	22,854	15,440	26,780	14,055	24.16	17.42	20.97	21.54	2.47	1.53	1.74	1.88
Addition or annex	6,240	6,652	8,247	3,685	22.61	17.07	19.54	18.07	2.42	1.63	1.79	2.10
Reduction in floorspace	Q	571	1,382	451	21.06	18.02	21.13	23.50	3.95	2.09	2.21	1.67
Roof replacement	13,598	8,848	12,903	5,463	23.82	17.26	20.51	19.97	2.49	1.64	1.85	1.76
Exterior wall replacement	2,005	1,696	2,873	1,570	26.18	17.24	19.56	20.43	2.20	1.58	1.99	1.95
Interior wall reconfiguration	12,953	8,393	13,656	8,348	25.82	17.44	20.42	20.65	2.58	1.61	1.99	1.96
Window replacement	7,436	3,979	7,475	3,758	25.48	16.57	20.52	19.36	2.18	1.31	1.98	1.83
HVAC equipment upgrade	17,132	10,009	17,039	9,117	24.71	17.29	20.56	20.54	2.64	1.53	1.82	2.07
Lighting upgrade	14,813	9,633	16,446	9,132	24.35	16.89	20.32	20.22	2.46	1.58	1.86	2.00
Electrical upgrade	10,553	6,239	10,478	5,821	25.19	16.73	20.50	19.08	2.66	1.56	1.91	2.15
Plumbing system upgrade	9,028	5,534	8,687	5,297	24.77	17.21	20.16	18.94	2.67	1.61	1.88	2.23
Insulation upgrade	4,229	3,381	4,646	2,987	23.85	17.41	19.43	18.60	2.42	1.54	1.97	2.29
Fire, safety, or security upgrade	11,588	6,592	11,039	5,806	25.08	16.90	20.05	20.57	2.52	1.73	1.88	2.00
Structural upgrade	1,557	1,429	2,695	2,577	26.90	17.58	18.87	18.14	2.13	1.61	2.24	2.36
Other	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q
No renovations	10,357	10,404	23,432	15,418	23.39	18.02	21.53	25.31	1.93	1.33	1.45	1.58
Buildings constructed 2008 or later	1,707	1,535	4,567	Q	24.09	15.08	22.73	22.78	1.89	1.54	1.69	2.24
Energy sources (more than one may apply)
Electricity	34,917	27,379	54,780	31,983	23.93	17.49	21.35	23.31	2.28	1.48	1.66	1.78
Natural gas	25,958	22,937	35,494	25,276	22.13	16.73	19.46	21.49	2.35	1.53	1.78	1.99
Fuel oil	15,850	7,572	15,906	8,026	25.51	16.86	20.50	20.84	2.61	1.92	2.26	2.56
District heat	7,626	2,029	5,026	2,646	26.84	17.69	19.48	17.50	3.85	2.24	2.29	2.99
District chilled water	4,046	1,293	5,102	2,284	21.49	17.59	19.14	16.66	5.09	2.21	2.06	3.05
Propane	3,604	2,549	4,194	2,831	27.04	18.68	22.20	22.76	2.06	1.34	1.63	1.91
Other	1,913	931	1,781	1,827	21.86	19.42	23.26	20.49	1.76	1.17	1.96	1.77
Space-heating energy sources (more than one may apply)
Electricity	16,438	13,180	38,609	18,123	24.52	17.88	22.41	23.61	2.26	1.53	1.71	1.72
Natural gas	20,071	21,095	25,059	19,719	21.39	16.58	19.01	21.50	2.15	1.50	1.62	1.84
Fuel oil	5,651	1,223	1,419	Q	25.88	18.45	22.07	Q	1.98	1.83	1.86	Q
District heat	7,626	2,029	4,972	2,606	26.84	17.69	19.47	17.41	3.85	2.24	2.29	3.00
Propane	943	1,027	1,085	549	27.11	21.61	21.40	30.04	1.44	1.02	1.17	1.13
Other	203	Q	Q	Q	31.17	20.74	Q	24.90	0.98	1.03	Q	0.89
Primary space-heating energy source
Electricity	4,684	4,367	26,130	9,826	27.91	21.33	23.64	26.73	2.14	1.46	1.73	1.66
Natural gas	17,788	19,608	19,591	17,286	21.15	16.44	18.75	21.81	2.13	1.50	1.59	1.87
Fuel oil	3,919	Q	515	Q	27.76	Q	24.66	Q	1.97	Q	1.72	Q
District heat	7,577	1,953	4,920	2,606	26.94	17.69	19.45	17.41	3.88	2.26	2.33	3.00
Propane	379	543	566	176	35.51	23.41	24.05	31.78	1.01	0.75	0.92	0.75
Other	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	25.43	Q	Q	Q	0.84
Cooling energy sources (more than one may apply)
Electricity	30,489	25,967	50,808	29,054	24.31	17.46	21.53	23.81	2.29	1.54	1.70	1.82
Natural gas	804	Q	Q	Q	18.71	Q	Q	Q	2.64	Q	Q	Q
District chilled water	4,046	1,293	5,102	2,284	21.49	17.59	19.14	16.66	5.09	2.21	2.06	3.05
Water-heating energy sources (more than one may apply)
Electricity	14,322	11,529	31,705	14,868	26.25	18.94	23.34	25.25	2.18	1.45	1.63	1.69
Natural gas	18,423	16,919	23,536	18,629	20.76	16.16	18.90	21.94	2.45	1.59	1.92	2.04
Fuel oil	3,242	Q	Q	Q	26.39	Q	Q	Q	2.31	Q	Q	Q
District heat	6,289	1,784	3,741	1,940	26.15	17.19	19.71	16.40	3.83	2.33	2.39	3.37
Propane	604	403	993	562	31.31	22.81	24.98	55.66	1.55	1.03	1.86	2.16
Cooking energy sources (more than one may apply)
Electricity	11,563	10,387	19,856	10,500	24.23	16.82	21.22	21.84	2.47	1.69	2.02	2.33
Natural gas	14,479	10,138	19,452	13,943	21.19	15.78	19.11	20.78	2.70	1.80	2.27	2.68
Propane	2,069	505	1,187	751	27.77	21.50	25.30	34.16	2.65	1.54	1.79	3.26
Energy end uses (more than one may apply)
Buildings with space heating	34,520	27,191	51,760	30,134	23.85	17.43	21.13	22.73	2.29	1.51	1.70	1.83
Buildings with cooling	33,503	26,565	54,100	30,600	23.90	17.45	21.30	23.36	2.40	1.55	1.70	1.86
Buildings with water heating	34,325	26,811	52,765	30,736	23.84	17.39	21.21	23.13	2.35	1.52	1.74	1.86
Buildings with cooking	21,012	14,617	30,012	17,853	22.92	16.48	20.63	21.74	2.57	1.68	2.09	2.46
Buildings with manufacturing	2,274	1,322	2,698	1,598	23.06	19.26	19.97	27.49	2.15	1.13	1.58	1.40
Buildings with electricity generation	16,878	9,161	20,738	11,115	23.41	16.64	20.69	21.02	2.71	1.71	2.21	2.37
Percent of floorspace heated
Not heated	Q	189	3,019	1,849	32.71	31.43	25.82	40.10	Q	0.22	0.80	0.98
1 to 50	1,446	1,126	4,322	4,678	27.11	20.64	23.45	26.65	1.28	0.86	1.09	1.26
51 to 99	7,052	3,302	11,049	6,955	25.39	16.90	20.25	24.90	2.45	1.47	1.78	2.09
100	26,021	22,763	36,390	18,502	23.31	17.38	21.16	21.24	2.36	1.57	1.79	1.96
Percent of floorspace cooled
Not cooled	1,415	814	680	1,383	24.62	18.77	25.35	22.41	0.89	0.46	0.27	0.73
1 to 50	4,719	5,485	5,314	4,880	20.82	17.10	22.20	24.14	1.33	1.16	0.86	1.11
51 to 99	14,145	7,802	15,319	9,254	24.77	17.09	20.75	24.52	2.78	1.66	1.81	2.06
100	14,638	13,279	33,467	16,466	24.22	17.82	21.43	22.54	2.76	1.72	1.96	2.17
Percent lit when open
Zero	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q
1 to 50	2,355	3,367	5,306	2,864	21.69	18.13	22.59	25.29	1.12	1.17	1.12	0.99
51 to 99	14,670	12,565	22,914	13,611	24.25	16.82	20.72	23.03	2.33	1.58	1.72	1.86
100	17,772	11,282	26,400	15,338	23.98	18.05	21.63	23.33	2.66	1.55	1.83	2.08
Building never open/electricity not used	Q	156	92	142	Q	20.27	29.36	15.06	Q	0.20	0.05	0.21
Percent lit during off hours
Zero	6,128	5,756	10,095	8,454	25.54	18.30	23.09	28.02	1.58	1.03	1.11	1.37
1 to 50	20,582	18,231	35,614	17,571	23.65	17.38	21.51	22.80	2.21	1.59	1.76	1.79
51 to 100	6,790	2,020	6,219	4,893	22.80	15.31	18.82	19.01	3.77	2.12	2.42	3.05
Building always open with no "off hours"	1,417	1,373	2,851	1,064	27.65	19.56	19.96	25.36	4.51	2.50	2.46	2.52
Electricity not used	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Heating equipment (more than one may apply)
Heat pumps	3,172	1,617	11,467	4,132	23.56	18.06	23.48	22.16	2.27	1.51	1.66	1.68
Furnaces	2,229	3,254	4,764	2,370	24.21	17.45	20.83	21.90	1.79	1.30	1.42	1.54
Individual space heaters	10,617	7,527	9,543	5,335	25.04	17.15	21.05	20.89	2.16	1.31	1.46	1.48
District heat	7,626	2,029	4,972	2,606	26.84	17.69	19.47	17.41	3.85	2.24	2.29	3.00
Boilers	14,024	10,391	11,036	7,952	21.48	16.10	19.01	20.76	2.18	1.56	1.91	2.24
Packaged heating units	15,823	16,609	34,215	20,199	23.78	17.46	21.30	23.50	2.20	1.52	1.71	1.83
Other	Q	688	1,548	693	Q	17.67	23.54	18.05	Q	1.86	2.82	2.04
Cooling equipment (more than one may apply)
Residential-type central air conditioners	3,836	5,480	8,640	5,207	22.74	17.85	22.25	23.44	2.26	1.26	1.47	1.84
Heat pumps	3,161	1,643	11,930	4,587	23.18	18.22	23.25	23.00	2.12	1.60	1.68	1.57
Individual air conditioners	8,437	3,973	6,387	2,755	22.79	17.30	21.54	23.63	2.19	1.54	1.50	1.59
District chilled water	4,046	1,293	5,102	2,284	21.49	17.59	19.14	16.66	5.09	2.21	2.06	3.05
Central chillers	10,124	8,049	13,508	6,392	25.10	16.46	19.96	22.54	2.90	1.80	2.09	2.44
Packaged air conditioning units	20,561	15,779	30,543	17,999	24.49	17.19	21.03	23.62	2.36	1.61	1.78	1.90
Swamp coolers	Q	Q	845	2,384	Q	Q	22.32	20.13	Q	Q	1.80	1.78
Other	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q
Main equipment replaced since 1990 (more than one may apply)
Heating	10,893	9,887	16,448	8,316	23.95	17.71	20.65	23.47	2.03	1.44	1.64	1.58
Cooling	14,667	10,663	19,529	9,369	25.33	17.14	21.04	23.94	2.32	1.48	1.67	1.70
Water-heating equipment
Centralized system	21,778	17,713	31,193	17,482	23.35	17.29	20.76	23.29	2.39	1.57	1.79	1.82
Distributed system	4,487	2,943	6,983	4,943	25.03	17.87	23.83	25.32	1.88	1.26	1.41	1.63
Combination of centralized and distributed system	8,060	6,155	14,589	8,311	24.56	17.48	21.08	21.69	2.58	1.56	1.86	2.15
Lighting equipment types (more than one may apply)
Incandescent	18,504	14,965	25,547	13,856	23.68	16.99	20.61	21.70	2.45	1.66	1.75	1.92
Standard fluorescent	33,841	26,555	52,482	30,366	23.89	17.41	21.30	23.24	2.34	1.52	1.67	1.81
Compact fluorescent	27,281	19,596	37,395	22,279	23.58	17.21	20.82	22.22	2.53	1.65	1.87	2.00
High-intensity discharge (HID)	11,620	9,446	16,170	8,123	23.09	17.20	21.33	21.61	2.58	1.76	1.73	1.94
Halogen	12,510	10,716	21,298	11,799	24.90	16.91	20.94	21.79	2.37	1.74	1.94	2.09
LED	13,782	9,172	16,463	10,109	24.31	17.13	20.73	21.67	2.90	1.78	2.18	2.19
Other	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q
Refrigeration equipment (more than one may apply)
Any refrigeration	32,390	25,598	50,508	28,573	23.68	17.47	21.07	23.02	2.38	1.54	1.76	1.94
Walk-in units	18,443	12,272	25,895	14,686	22.70	16.59	20.25	21.14	3.14	1.94	2.40	2.73
Cases or cabinets	18,176	12,889	23,097	14,698	23.22	17.34	20.88	21.51	3.00	1.89	2.22	2.69
Large cold storage areas	2,103	1,786	4,296	2,551	22.69	17.37	20.78	20.01	3.70	1.84	2.53	2.74
Commercial ice makers	17,584	13,369	29,748	15,147	23.36	16.66	20.56	20.77	3.16	2.03	2.05	2.50
Residential-type or compact units	26,692	21,418	38,946	22,480	23.56	17.33	21.12	23.18	2.33	1.50	1.61	1.80
Vending machines	21,930	16,104	32,146	16,846	23.63	17.24	20.89	21.68	2.60	1.66	1.82	2.06
No refrigeration	2,527	1,781	4,271	3,410	27.63	17.70	25.21	26.13	1.31	0.76	0.77	0.93
Office equipment (more than one may apply)
Desktop computers	33,110	25,974	51,408	30,151	23.77	17.41	21.31	23.39	2.35	1.54	1.73	1.84
With flat screen monitors	32,902	25,740	50,780	29,902	23.83	17.40	21.32	23.33	2.36	1.55	1.73	1.84
With multiple monitors	15,056	10,854	22,226	14,360	24.83	17.05	20.99	22.44	2.85	1.69	1.84	2.01
Laptop computers	28,574	21,473	42,208	23,783	23.93	17.32	21.21	22.81	2.43	1.55	1.69	1.84
Dedicated servers	25,221	18,192	36,651	22,324	24.28	17.41	21.27	22.84	2.50	1.61	1.78	1.95
Laser printers	25,076	18,907	37,028	20,931	23.63	17.18	21.35	23.27	2.43	1.56	1.81	1.85
Inkjet printers	14,432	11,365	23,087	14,316	24.94	17.58	21.35	23.99	2.20	1.48	1.61	1.86
FAX machines	29,878	22,411	45,085	24,914	23.97	17.48	21.34	23.40	2.35	1.55	1.75	1.82
Photocopiers	28,038	20,013	38,203	22,731	23.79	17.37	21.44	22.81	2.41	1.53	1.73	1.82
Number of desktop computers
None	1,807	1,405	3,371	1,832	27.08	19.06	21.91	22.20	1.27	0.68	0.73	0.93
1 to 4	4,491	4,882	10,190	5,719	24.85	18.39	20.19	24.49	1.83	1.36	1.62	1.70
5 to 9	2,652	3,150	6,404	3,443	23.11	16.06	22.32	24.57	1.90	1.49	1.82	1.45
10 to 19	3,590	2,617	5,333	3,967	23.78	17.86	23.66	25.90	2.18	1.43	1.51	1.66
20 to 49	4,835	4,430	9,476	5,023	21.20	17.91	21.89	23.64	2.08	1.71	1.77	1.78
50 to 99	2,843	3,063	4,778	3,302	22.32	18.41	21.98	24.57	2.08	1.54	1.47	1.95
100 to 249	6,420	3,322	6,030	3,988	23.66	16.83	20.86	19.63	2.79	1.51	1.78	2.18
250 or more	8,280	4,510	9,197	4,710	25.92	16.54	20.15	22.15	3.15	1.76	2.10	2.45
Number of laptop computers
None	6,343	5,906	12,572	8,200	23.89	18.14	21.81	24.90	1.69	1.18	1.34	1.50
1 to 4	6,528	6,916	12,053	7,060	23.93	17.95	21.12	24.55	1.95	1.37	1.49	1.51
5 to 9	3,913	2,524	5,673	2,787	21.97	17.24	22.30	23.50	2.78	1.71	1.59	1.47
10 to 19	3,160	2,263	5,737	4,292	21.97	18.18	21.90	22.79	2.11	1.54	1.69	2.16
20 to 49	3,800	3,459	6,469	4,912	24.28	16.59	21.36	20.53	2.58	1.58	1.71	2.25
50 to 99	2,796	2,293	3,573	2,031	23.96	17.42	20.29	24.87	2.30	1.75	1.96	2.32
100 to 249	3,663	1,595	4,025	1,350	24.24	16.16	19.13	20.83	2.59	1.56	1.91	2.01
250 or more	4,715	2,423	4,677	1,350	26.96	16.69	21.94	21.71	3.33	1.77	2.17	2.26
Number of dedicated servers
None	9,697	9,187	18,128	9,659	23.05	17.65	21.49	24.48	1.78	1.20	1.32	1.40
1 to 4	12,981	10,962	22,304	12,310	23.35	17.83	21.82	23.44	2.10	1.52	1.65	1.71
5 to 9	2,592	2,550	3,699	2,852	22.04	17.90	20.84	22.45	2.37	1.78	1.66	1.92
10 to 19	3,926	1,590	4,297	3,273	25.66	16.76	22.11	21.71	3.51	1.58	1.85	2.59
20 to 49	1,786	1,695	3,060	1,532	28.82	15.84	19.24	22.39	2.59	1.73	2.34	1.97
50 or more	3,936	1,395	3,290	2,356	26.18	16.23	19.41	22.27	3.95	2.15	2.73	3.30
Number of photocopiers
None	6,879	7,366	16,577	9,252	24.51	17.82	21.13	24.65	1.77	1.26	1.36	1.57
One	4,817	5,447	9,162	6,193	23.16	17.26	21.78	24.04	1.85	1.38	1.49	1.41
2 to 4	6,976	6,678	13,408	7,143	21.80	17.71	22.53	23.49	1.95	1.46	1.66	1.75
5 to 9	5,104	3,313	5,187	2,966	22.36	17.52	21.56	23.49	2.62	1.53	1.62	1.92
10 or more	11,141	4,575	10,447	6,429	26.37	16.91	19.88	20.82	3.16	1.94	2.22	2.64
Number of TVs or video displays
None	6,209	5,399	9,394	6,734	23.97	18.77	23.38	25.35	1.53	1.06	0.99	1.18
One	2,765	2,923	5,896	3,092	22.69	17.86	20.77	24.21	1.95	1.28	1.38	1.54
2 to 4	5,937	6,064	11,378	5,230	23.68	17.83	22.54	24.31	2.03	1.50	1.80	1.65
5 to 9	4,894	2,233	5,953	3,935	24.95	17.05	20.65	24.39	2.68	1.54	1.88	2.30
10 to 19	4,943	3,509	5,636	2,901	22.39	17.58	22.01	21.74	2.75	1.85	1.85	2.04
20 to 49	3,551	2,431	6,306	3,735	24.68	17.66	22.92	23.31	2.46	1.46	1.98	2.12
50 to 99	1,504	1,557	3,844	2,061	31.19	16.57	19.16	23.21	3.94	1.68	1.89	2.00
100 or more	5,113	3,263	6,372	4,296	23.38	15.38	17.91	19.55	3.04	2.12	2.30	2.77
Food preparation or serving areas in non-food service buildings (more than one may apply)
Snack bar or concession stand	5,277	3,906	8,255	5,230	23.28	16.31	20.91	20.84	2.74	1.73	2.19	2.70
Fast food or small restaurant	5,271	3,861	9,846	6,411	24.01	17.01	21.14	21.82	3.01	2.18	2.59	2.60
Cafeteria or large restaurant	9,717	5,421	11,116	5,847	22.35	15.71	20.11	20.05	2.71	1.57	1.87	2.62
Commercial kitchen/ food preparation area	9,009	6,400	12,418	7,291	21.24	15.60	20.52	20.32	2.77	1.62	2.04	2.56
Small kitchen area	6,394	4,712	8,668	4,901	23.30	16.48	21.72	21.50	2.06	1.38	1.69	2.03
Separate computer areas (more than one may apply)
Data center or server farm	8,354	4,798	8,449	6,818	26.39	16.79	19.93	20.69	3.51	1.93	2.18	2.88
Computer-based training room	7,991	6,713	13,382	6,983	24.24	16.82	21.00	21.13	2.39	1.70	1.88	2.11
Student or public computer center	5,357	4,501	10,127	4,664	21.51	15.60	20.52	19.12	1.98	1.35	1.69	2.03
HVAC conservation features (more than one may apply)
Economizer cycle	18,929	13,346	18,194	14,473	23.37	17.10	20.66	21.56	2.74	1.69	2.01	2.11
Regular HVAC maintenance	31,704	24,112	48,123	27,793	23.90	17.21	21.26	22.94	2.44	1.59	1.81	1.91
Building automation system (BAS)²	18,998	13,979	28,291	17,036	24.30	17.34	20.94	22.11	2.74	1.75	1.94	2.26
Window and interior lighting features (more than one may apply)
Multipaned windows	26,342	23,177	39,409	20,216	24.07	17.38	20.97	21.44	2.30	1.52	1.75	1.83
Tinted window glass	16,385	14,754	32,566	19,703	22.92	17.26	21.09	22.93	2.60	1.63	1.72	1.85
Reflective window glass	6,662	6,754	11,674	9,237	24.18	17.29	20.76	21.79	2.84	1.77	2.14	2.15
External overhangs or awnings	12,223	11,032	26,075	15,084	22.77	17.20	21.43	21.74	2.85	1.70	1.88	2.00
Skylights or atriums	10,257	6,146	14,564	10,053	22.62	16.55	20.63	20.96	2.53	1.50	1.80	1.67
Light scheduling	16,000	11,299	20,844	15,227	24.79	17.24	21.72	22.74	2.74	1.70	1.94	2.16
Occupancy sensors	19,764	13,021	23,819	16,074	24.13	17.08	21.10	22.19	2.56	1.64	2.00	1.94
Multi-level lighting or dimming	6,908	5,813	11,576	8,613	23.89	16.52	20.86	20.40	2.96	1.83	2.13	2.39
Daylight harvesting	3,061	2,735	3,644	3,596	23.18	17.92	21.68	21.61	2.97	1.80	1.83	2.30
Demand responsive lighting	1,513	1,599	3,669	2,854	24.45	18.38	23.56	27.11	2.34	1.75	2.17	1.92
Building automation system (BAS) for lighting²	6,195	4,480	9,148	6,747	23.20	17.81	23.14	23.52	2.87	1.83	2.03	2.29
Equipment usage reduced when building not in full use (more than one may apply)
Heating	27,106	20,535	37,368	23,431	24.03	17.36	21.67	23.74	2.21	1.45	1.60	1.74
Cooling	26,151	19,934	39,233	23,560	23.77	17.50	21.82	24.28	2.28	1.48	1.60	1.79
Lighting	32,127	25,370	50,260	29,677	23.84	17.38	21.45	23.26	2.25	1.47	1.65	1.80

¹These climate regions were created by the Building America program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE). ²In earlier CBECS publications, BAS was referred to as Energy Management and Control System (EMCS). Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. N = No cases in reporting sample. Notes: • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • See the Guide to the 2012 CBECS Detailed Tables or CBECS Terminology for definitions of terms used in these tables and/or comparison of differences with prior CBECS tables. Both references can be accessed from http://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2012/ • Statistics for the Energy end uses category represent total consumption in buildings that have the end use, not consumption specifically for that particular end use. • HVAC = Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Consumption and Efficiency Statistics, Forms EIA-871A, C, D, E, and F of the 2012 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.