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Table C29. Natural gas consumption and conditional energy intensity by Census division (part 3), 2012

Released: May 2016

Total natural gas
consumption
(billion cubic feet)		 Total floorspace of
buildings using natural gas
(million square feet)		 Natural gas
energy intensity
(cubic feet/square foot)
  West
South
Central		 Mountain Pacific West
South
Central		 Mountain Pacific West
South
Central		 Mountain Pacific
All buildings 202 159 320 6,480 3,766 8,966 31.1 42.3 35.7
Building floorspace (square feet)                  
1,001 to 5,000 36 17 37 521 327 560 68.2 51.9 66.5
5,001 to 10,000 31 21 34 657 372 902 46.7 57.1 37.8
10,001 to 25,000 26 23 51 916 665 1,733 28.6 34.7 29.5
25,001 to 50,000 25 10 47 987 312 1,435 25.1 30.8 33.0
50,001 to 100,000 35 18 30 1,310 536 1,095 26.4 33.6 27.4
100,001 to 200,000 13 12 46 989 379 1,536 13.2 30.6 29.8
200,001 to 500,000 14 22 57 586 684 1,124 24.0 32.0 51.0
Over 500,000 23 Q 17 515 Q 581 44.2 Q 28.7
Principal building activity                  
Education 25 18 22 1,463 635 791 16.8 27.7 28.1
Food sales Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
Food service 38 Q 33 185 Q 241 205.3 Q 137.6
Health care 29 19 38 335 232 430 85.5 83.4 87.4
Inpatient 26 12 Q 263 118 306 99.5 102.6 111.5
Outpatient Q Q 4 Q Q 124 Q Q 28.2
Lodging 16 Q 32 535 503 810 29.6 83.2 39.5
Mercantile 24 14 61 805 606 1,788 29.4 23.8 34.0
Retail (other than mall) 5 Q 11 355 Q 806 13.6 Q 13.2
Enclosed and strip malls 19 9 50 450 351 983 41.8 25.6 51.1
Office 15 18 34 904 616 1,716 16.3 29.6 19.6
Public assembly Q Q 15 368 Q 593 Q Q 25.9
Public order and safety Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
Religious worship 4 Q Q 256 Q 311 15.2 Q Q
Service 10 Q 9 287 Q 271 36.3 Q 33.5
Warehouse and storage 9 Q 26 901 Q 1,143 10.2 34.3 22.6
Other Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
Vacant Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
Year constructed                  
Before 1920 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
1920 to 1945 9 Q 16 381 Q 388 22.6 Q 40.2
1946 to 1959 14 12 25 593 273 832 23.9 45.5 29.9
1960 to 1969 25 14 57 587 370 1,096 43.4 37.5 52.1
1970 to 1979 35 25 37 980 650 1,352 35.7 37.8 27.7
1980 to 1989 44 22 49 1,280 616 1,935 34.5 36.3 25.4
1990 to 1999 33 22 58 1,124 642 1,434 29.3 34.1 40.6
2000 to 2003 17 15 18 617 303 601 27.4 48.0 29.2
2004 to 2007 11 Q 23 345 501 573 30.5 Q 40.5
2008 to 2012 10 Q Q 507 Q 613 20.4 Q 55.9
Climate region1                  
Very cold/Cold N 131 55 N 2,872 1,251 N 45.6 44.3
Mixed-humid 82 N N 2,301 N N 35.5 N N
Mixed-dry/Hot-dry Q 29 198 Q 894 5,681 24.0 31.9 34.8
Hot-humid 97 N N 3,235 N N 30.1 N N
Marine N N 67 N N 2,033 N N 32.7
Number of floors                  
One 111 65 149 3,598 1,838 4,322 30.7 35.2 34.6
Two 38 36 69 1,271 919 2,253 29.6 39.3 30.5
Three 11 8 16 545 227 564 19.6 37.4 29.1
Four to nine 32 14 75 720 357 1,343 44.0 38.4 55.8
Ten or more 11 Q 10 346 Q 484 31.9 Q 21.0
Number of workers (main shift)                  
Fewer than 5 30 23 26 1,010 531 1,041 30.1 42.5 25.4
5 to 9 20 13 31 605 319 919 33.7 41.2 33.9
10 to 19 30 19 46 853 483 1,376 35.7 38.6 33.2
20 to 49 43 26 61 1,220 726 1,989 35.1 35.3 30.8
50 to 99 21 13 42 1,267 475 1,308 16.7 26.6 31.7
100 to 249 24 22 57 672 585 969 36.2 37.3 59.3
250 or more 32 Q 56 853 646 1,364 37.8 69.7 41.2
Weekly operating hours                  
Fewer than 40 11 Q 9 539 Q 484 19.5 33.9 19.0
40 to 48 Q 23 38 1,413 723 1,475 16.8 32.0 26.1
49 to 60 31 29 43 1,605 878 2,203 19.4 33.4 19.5
61 to 84 37 14 72 850 571 1,999 43.1 23.8 35.8
85 to 167 36 18 37 572 360 981 63.4 49.0 38.1
Open continuously 63 66 120 1,501 947 1,824 42.1 69.8 65.9
Ownership and occupancy                  
Nongovernment owned 156 129 271 4,499 2,747 7,576 34.6 47.0 35.8
Owner occupied 69 79 127 2,364 1,226 3,050 29.3 64.3 41.7
Leased to tenant(s) 71 33 119 1,635 1,070 3,389 43.3 31.2 35.1
Owner occupied and leased 15 17 24 484 452 1,030 32.0 37.5 22.9
Unoccupied Q N Q Q N Q Q N Q
Government owned 46 30 49 1,981 1,019 1,390 23.1 29.8 35.0
Federal Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
State 13 10 17 544 358 430 23.4 28.7 38.6
Local 31 15 28 1,380 605 874 22.5 25.5 31.5
Party responsible for operation
and maintenance of energy
systems		                  
Building owner 165 139 248 5,701 3,254 7,055 29.0 42.9 35.1
Business owner or tenant 33 Q 64 717 Q 1,765 46.6 40.9 36.2
Property management Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
Other Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
Provider of direct input on energy-
related equipment purchases		                  
Building owner 165 149 263 5,758 3,442 7,577 28.7 43.2 34.7
Business owner or tenant 29 10 51 587 248 1,229 48.7 38.7 41.6
Property management Q N Q Q N Q Q N Q
Other Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
Number of establishments                  
One 145 113 213 4,634 2,313 5,429 31.3 49.1 39.3
2 to 5 34 31 48 1,184 912 1,672 28.7 34.5 28.6
6 to 10 Q Q 26 Q Q 668 Q Q 38.7
11 to 20 Q Q 18 Q Q 478 Q Q 37.1
More than 20 Q Q 13 Q Q 593 Q Q 22.1
Currently unoccupied Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
Predominant exterior wall material                  
Brick, stone, or stucco 102 74 127 3,416 1,803 3,175 29.8 41.1 40.1
Concrete (block or poured) 50 30 87 1,369 923 2,687 36.3 33.0 32.2
Concrete panels 13 Q 29 522 Q 1,551 25.3 Q 18.8
Siding or shingles 16 Q 37 201 Q 719 Q Q 51.5
Metal panels 19 11 10 877 321 427 21.4 35.3 23.9
Window glass Q Q 13 Q Q 208 Q Q 60.8
Other Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
No one major type Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
Predominant roof material                  
Metal surfacing 44 21 29 1,508 580 958 28.9 36.4 30.2
Synthetic or rubber 45 80 99 1,393 1,553 2,067 32.3 51.5 48.0
Built-up 65 29 87 2,144 871 2,844 30.5 33.7 30.5
Slate or tile shingles 12 Q 34 302 Q 686 40.4 Q 48.9
Wooden materials (including
shingles)		 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
Asphalt, fiberglass, or
other shingles		 28 19 50 945 576 1,707 29.9 32.8 29.5
Concrete Q Q 4 Q Q 229 Q Q 19.6
Other N Q Q N Q Q N Q Q
No one major type Q N Q Q N Q Q N Q
Roof characteristics                  
Roof tilt                  
Flat 122 80 224 3,621 2,042 5,581 33.8 39.0 40.2
Shallow pitch 53 Q 64 2,039 1,253 2,351 26.1 47.9 27.1
Steeper pitch 26 20 32 820 471 1,034 31.8 41.8 30.7
Cool roof 51 36 126 1,517 1,122 2,533 33.9 32.1 49.7
Renovations in buildings
constructed before 2008
(more than one may apply)		                  
Any type of renovation 109 96 151 3,317 1,945 3,830 33.0 49.3 39.5
Addition or annex 39 Q 38 1,084 824 696 36.3 64.4 54.5
Reduction in floorspace Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
Roof replacement 58 38 78 1,749 945 1,612 33.0 40.4 48.7
Exterior wall replacement Q Q Q 266 Q 565 Q Q 41.4
Interior wall reconfiguration 55 Q 84 1,506 1,227 2,223 36.7 53.9 37.6
Window replacement 39 Q 33 705 718 1,080 55.3 72.5 31.0
HVAC equipment upgrade 73 74 107 2,227 1,385 2,328 32.6 53.4 45.9
Lighting upgrade 71 72 108 2,053 1,317 2,443 34.6 54.5 44.1
Electrical upgrade 46 Q 76 1,367 873 1,455 33.3 65.9 51.9
Plumbing system upgrade 48 Q 72 1,005 634 1,378 47.5 83.1 52.4
Insulation upgrade 33 Q 30 614 Q 676 53.9 Q 43.9
Fire, safety, or security upgrade 52 35 81 1,646 831 1,615 31.6 42.1 50.1
Structural upgrade Q Q 27 Q Q 547 Q Q 50.1
Other Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
No renovations 82 55 134 2,656 1,590 4,523 30.8 34.6 29.7
Buildings constructed 2008 or later 10 Q Q 507 Q 613 20.4 Q 55.9
Energy sources
(more than one may apply)		                  
Electricity 202 159 320 6,480 3,766 8,966 31.1 42.3 35.7
Natural gas 202 159 320 6,480 3,766 8,966 31.1 42.3 35.7
Fuel oil 50 Q 88 1,150 916 1,713 43.7 65.6 51.1
District heat Q Q Q 124 Q 225 Q Q Q
District chilled water Q Q Q 244 Q 186 Q Q 133.9
Propane Q Q 17 Q Q 587 Q Q 29.4
Other Q 9 Q Q 305 425 Q 28.0 57.9
Space-heating energy sources                  
Natural gas 164 119 267 5,467 3,180 7,509 30.0 37.6 35.5
Natural gas main 132 106 223 4,551 2,893 6,333 29.1 36.6 35.3
Natural gas secondary 32 14 44 916 288 1,176 34.8 47.7 37.1
Other excluding natural gas 36 Q 41 929 582 1,250 39.0 Q 32.9
Buildings without heating Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
Primary space-heating
energy source		                  
Electricity 59 23 65 1,719 512 2,143 34.3 45.3 30.4
Natural gas 132 106 223 4,551 2,893 6,333 29.1 36.6 35.3
Fuel oil N N 1 N N 6 N N 165.1
District heat Q Q Q 124 Q 208 Q Q Q
Propane Q N Q Q N Q Q N Q
Other N 1 0 N 35 40 N 16.5 9.9
Cooling energy sources                  
Natural gas Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
Other excluding natural gas 199 152 295 6,400 3,558 8,511 31.1 42.7 34.7
Buildings without cooling Q Q 21 Q Q 417 Q Q 50.9
Water-heating energy sources                  
Natural gas 158 106 244 4,504 2,665 6,452 35.1 39.9 37.8
Other excluding natural gas 40 Q 70 1,783 963 2,200 22.4 Q 31.8
Buildings without water heating 4 Q 6 193 Q 314 19.7 Q 19.7
Cooking energy sources                  
Natural gas 114 91 183 2,658 1,694 3,506 43.0 53.6 52.1
Other excluding natural gas 17 12 27 586 408 743 28.7 30.2 36.8
Buildings without cooking 71 56 109 3,237 1,664 4,716 21.8 33.8 23.2
Energy end uses
(more than one may apply)		                  
Buildings with space heating 200 159 308 6,396 3,763 8,759 31.3 42.4 35.2
Buildings with cooling 200 154 298 6,409 3,609 8,548 31.2 42.7 34.9
Buildings with water heating 198 152 313 6,288 3,628 8,651 31.5 42.0 36.2
Buildings with cooking 131 103 210 3,244 2,102 4,249 40.4 49.1 49.5
Buildings with manufacturing 22 Q 13 571 Q 586 38.6 Q 23.0
Buildings with electricity
generation		 55 77 117 1,582 1,420 2,614 34.5 54.4 44.8
Percent of floorspace heated                  
Not heated Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
1 to 50 8 9 45 619 271 2,043 13.6 33.7 22.1
51 to 99 61 14 77 1,255 564 2,202 48.4 25.2 34.8
100 131 136 186 4,522 2,927 4,514 29.0 46.5 41.3
Percent of floorspace cooled                  
Not cooled Q Q 21 Q Q 417 Q Q 50.9
1 to 50 20 20 59 1,139 540 2,097 17.8 36.3 28.1
51 to 99 51 28 98 1,489 907 2,746 34.0 31.0 35.6
100 129 106 142 3,780 2,163 3,706 34.1 49.1 38.2
Heating equipment
(more than one may apply)		                  
Heat pumps 29 10 58 931 333 1,298 30.7 31.6 44.8
Furnaces 25 15 31 1,117 533 851 22.4 27.7 36.8
Individual space heaters 46 39 59 1,373 1,011 1,818 33.7 38.9 32.4
District heat Q Q Q 124 Q 208 Q Q Q
Boilers 59 54 118 1,398 1,070 2,269 42.4 50.3 52.2
Packaged heating units 140 87 208 4,502 2,405 6,178 31.2 36.0 33.7
Other Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
Cooling equipment
(more than one may apply)		                  
Residential-type central air
conditioners		 44 19 69 1,479 532 1,558 29.9 35.1 44.4
Heat pumps 31 12 51 1,073 410 1,407 28.5 28.2 35.9
Individual air conditioners 15 19 25 607 513 681 25.2 37.6 37.0
District chilled water Q Q Q 244 Q 186 Q Q 133.9
Central chillers 52 35 66 1,351 795 1,504 38.4 44.2 44.1
Packaged air conditioning units 120 73 192 3,827 1,955 5,499 31.2 37.5 34.8
Swamp coolers Q 24 28 Q 571 533 Q 41.9 51.9
Other Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
Main equipment replaced since
1990 (more than one may apply)		                  
Heating 84 44 89 2,353 1,160 3,014 35.5 37.6 29.4
Cooling 90 52 91 2,491 1,253 2,938 36.2 41.1 31.0
Water-heating equipment                  
Centralized system 127 99 170 3,747 2,081 4,910 33.9 47.7 34.6
Distributed system 24 18 51 993 553 1,355 24.2 32.5 37.6
Combination of centralized and
distributed system		 47 35 92 1,548 994 2,387 30.2 35.3 38.7
Food preparation or serving areas
in non-food service buildings
(more than one may apply)		                  
Snack bar or concession stand 28 Q 45 713 679 1,048 39.5 72.2 43.4
Fast food or small restaurant 34 Q 58 720 794 1,505 47.3 Q 38.5
Cafeteria or large restaurant 48 Q 71 1,545 785 1,213 30.9 66.6 58.4
Commercial kitchen/
food preparation area		 46 Q 85 1,392 949 1,649 33.0 64.6 51.3
Small kitchen area 23 Q 37 1,000 773 1,265 23.2 Q 29.4
HVAC conservation features
(more than one may apply)		                  
Economizer cycle 66 84 157 2,057 1,796 4,022 32.2 46.7 39.0
Regular HVAC maintenance 172 141 285 5,446 3,290 7,801 31.6 42.8 36.5
Building automation system (BAS)2 101 84 184 3,030 1,876 4,229 33.4 44.8 43.5
Window and interior lighting
features (more than one may
apply)		                  
Multipaned windows 137 130 217 4,107 2,965 5,255 33.3 43.9 41.3
Tinted window glass 131 97 204 4,067 2,080 5,778 32.1 46.7 35.2
Reflective window glass 32 Q 103 1,055 992 2,328 30.3 60.5 44.1
External overhangs or awnings 88 91 171 2,528 1,830 3,988 34.9 49.5 43.0
Skylights or atriums 55 Q 127 1,487 1,261 3,305 37.2 53.4 38.3
Light scheduling 80 73 155 2,155 1,354 4,330 36.9 53.7 35.7
Occupancy sensors 74 Q 174 2,349 1,622 4,710 31.3 48.3 37.0
Multi-level lighting or dimming 30 Q 118 838 1,073 2,132 35.9 56.6 55.4
Daylight harvesting 10 15 41 499 433 935 19.9 35.3 44.1
Demand responsive lighting Q Q 27 Q Q 1,103 Q Q 24.3
Building automation system (BAS) for lighting2 19 18 61 901 624 1,838 21.4 29.6 33.4
Equipment usage reduced when
building not in full use
(more than one may apply)		                  
Heating 142 104 226 4,952 2,952 7,300 28.6 35.2 30.9
Cooling 140 96 224 4,893 2,726 7,118 28.5 35.2 31.5
Lighting 179 153 296 6,034 3,641 8,289 29.7 42.1 35.7
Annual consumption
(hundred cubic feet)		                  
1,000 or less 7 4 8 1,161 306 1,638 6.3 13.3 5.2
1,001 to 5,000 32 23 37 1,697 893 2,168 19.1 26.1 17.2
5,001 to 10,000 27 17 31 1,222 389 1,018 22.1 42.6 30.2
10,001 to 25,000 42 31 81 1,036 788 1,662 40.5 39.4 49.0
25,001 to 50,000 23 17 39 627 434 1,033 36.3 38.6 37.6
50,001 to 100,000 Q 13 38 Q 350 574 Q 36.8 65.5
Over 100,000 45 Q 85 494 Q 873 91.0 90.5 97.8
         
1These climate regions were created by the Building America program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE).
2In earlier CBECS publications, BAS was referred to as Energy Management and Control System (EMCS).
Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.
N = No cases in reporting sample.
Notes: • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • See the Guide to the 2012 CBECS Detailed Tables or CBECS Terminology for definitions of terms used in these tables and/or comparison of differences with prior CBECS tables. Both references can be accessed from http://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2012/ • Statistics for the Energy end uses category represent total consumption in buildings that have the end use, not consumption specifically for that particular end use. • HVAC = Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning.
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Consumption and Efficiency Statistics, Forms EIA-871A and C of the 2012 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.