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Table B27. Space-heating energy sources, floorspace, 2012

Released: May 2016

Total floorspace (million square feet)
Buildings with space heating Space-heating energy sources used (more than one may apply)
  All
buildings		 Elec-
tricity		 Natural
gas		 Fuel
oil		 District
heat		 Propane Other1
All buildings 87,093 80,078 49,030 49,511 4,351 5,925 3,067 1,010
Building floorspace (square feet)                
1,001 to 5,000 8,041 6,699 4,185 3,323 412 Q 538 129
5,001 to 10,000 8,900 7,590 4,384 4,343 366 Q 682 213
10,001 to 25,000 14,105 12,744 7,716 7,989 725 Q 767 Q
25,001 to 50,000 11,917 10,911 6,897 7,228 576 213 329 Q
50,001 to 100,000 13,918 13,114 8,668 8,524 698 704 Q Q
100,001 to 200,000 12,415 11,941 7,321 7,507 548 1,313 Q Q
200,001 to 500,000 10,724 10,348 5,991 6,990 632 1,553 Q Q
Over 500,000 7,074 6,730 3,869 3,608 394 1,974 Q Q
Principal building activity                
Education 12,239 12,099 6,254 7,967 1,074 1,155 307 Q
Food sales 1,252 1,196 883 667 Q N Q Q
Food service 1,819 1,762 1,017 1,023 Q Q 124 Q
Health care 4,155 4,109 2,083 2,616 502 671 Q Q
Inpatient 2,374 2,354 1,008 1,627 430 563 Q Q
Outpatient 1,781 1,754 1,076 989 Q Q Q Q
Lodging 5,826 5,696 3,878 3,153 Q 621 Q Q
Mercantile 11,330 10,794 8,132 7,435 306 Q 386 Q
Retail (other than mall) 5,439 5,088 3,041 3,050 256 Q 306 Q
Enclosed and strip malls 5,890 5,706 5,091 4,385 Q Q Q Q
Office 15,952 15,753 10,281 8,555 560 1,794 209 Q
Public assembly 5,559 5,323 2,645 3,337 Q 888 306 Q
Public order and safety 1,440 1,391 643 851 Q Q Q Q
Religious worship 4,557 4,511 2,656 2,671 Q N 366 Q
Service 4,630 4,157 2,193 2,758 393 Q 432 370
Warehouse and storage 13,077 9,987 6,476 6,499 Q Q 293 Q
Other 2,002 1,886 1,185 1,218 Q Q Q Q
Vacant 3,256 1,415 702 760 Q Q Q Q
Year constructed                
Before 1920 3,983 3,583 1,867 1,970 622 523 164 Q
1920 to 1945 6,025 5,527 2,744 3,202 551 888 Q Q
1946 to 1959 7,381 6,895 3,836 4,908 616 446 203 Q
1960 to 1969 10,362 9,730 5,387 6,574 695 1,002 388 Q
1970 to 1979 10,846 10,045 5,931 6,549 590 930 425 Q
1980 to 1989 15,230 13,723 9,378 7,995 421 446 330 Q
1990 to 1999 13,803 12,389 7,947 7,613 370 642 539 Q
2000 to 2003 7,215 6,707 4,181 3,758 203 Q 347 Q
2004 to 2007 6,524 5,972 4,077 3,454 Q Q 306 Q
2008 to 2012 5,723 5,505 3,683 3,488 Q Q Q Q
Census region and division                
Northeast 15,534 15,053 7,276 9,352 2,851 1,981 653 206
New England 4,302 4,090 1,848 1,990 1,270 Q 314 Q
Middle Atlantic 11,232 10,963 5,428 7,362 1,581 1,628 339 Q
Midwest 18,919 18,055 8,638 14,031 667 906 1,003 301
East North Central 12,742 12,240 5,687 10,122 292 574 280 Q
West North Central 6,178 5,815 2,951 3,909 375 332 723 Q
South 34,279 30,499 22,558 15,438 765 2,171 927 Q
South Atlantic 17,981 15,883 12,514 7,309 458 1,148 498 Q
East South Central 4,904 4,692 3,170 2,662 Q Q 218 Q
West South Central 11,394 9,923 6,874 5,467 Q 637 Q Q
West 18,360 16,471 10,559 10,690 Q 867 484 Q
Mountain 4,981 4,704 2,791 3,180 Q 482 141 Q
Pacific 13,379 11,767 7,768 7,509 Q 385 343 Q
Climate region2                
Very cold/Cold 31,898 30,469 15,252 22,436 2,375 1,926 1,520 677
Mixed-humid 27,873 26,716 17,288 15,774 1,721 3,002 1,056 Q
Mixed-dry/Hot-dry 12,037 10,484 6,815 6,268 Q Q 389 Q
Hot-humid 12,831 10,090 8,300 3,316 Q 362 Q N
Marine 2,454 2,319 1,374 1,717 Q Q Q Q
Number of workers (main shift)                
Fewer than 5 17,751 12,931 6,806 7,144 998 Q 1,222 284
5 to 9 8,973 8,492 5,390 4,655 348 Q 465 Q
10 to 19 9,623 8,970 5,488 5,914 311 Q 390 Q
20 to 49 14,514 14,126 9,380 9,275 555 623 388 Q
50 to 99 13,476 13,184 8,881 8,947 786 669 Q Q
100 to 249 10,941 10,805 6,410 7,504 710 1,096 Q Q
250 or more 11,815 11,570 6,676 6,072 644 3,053 Q Q
Weekly operating hours                
Fewer than 40 8,220 5,763 2,920 3,370 339 Q 523 Q
40 to 48 15,828 14,867 9,120 8,966 1,006 403 502 Q
49 to 60 20,529 19,365 11,893 12,179 944 1,099 769 428
61 to 84 15,867 15,148 10,229 9,927 814 828 345 Q
85 to 167 9,395 8,711 4,995 5,964 Q 631 359 Q
Open continuously 17,253 16,224 9,873 9,106 988 2,792 569 Q
Ownership and occupancy                
Nongovernment owned 67,550 61,341 39,210 37,495 2,844 3,119 2,429 834
Owner occupied 30,637 28,745 16,986 16,788 1,691 1,825 1,638 523
Leased to tenant(s) 26,115 23,766 16,368 15,108 734 730 497 Q
Owner occupied and leased 8,873 8,328 5,641 5,282 392 557 285 Q
Unoccupied 1,925 502 214 317 Q Q Q N
Government owned 19,543 18,736 9,821 12,016 1,507 2,807 638 Q
Federal 1,573 1,557 798 657 Q 697 Q Q
State 5,539 5,411 2,730 3,069 Q 1,526 Q Q
Local 12,431 11,768 6,293 8,290 1,169 584 397 Q
Energy sources
(more than one may apply)		                
Electricity 84,869 80,053 49,030 49,511 4,351 5,925 3,052 985
Natural gas 58,725 58,129 32,047 49,511 1,908 2,833 487 485
Fuel oil 20,200 19,670 10,619 10,235 4,351 3,088 787 261
District heat 5,964 5,962 1,895 361 Q 5,925 Q Q
District chilled water 4,608 4,561 1,510 707 Q 3,718 Q Q
Propane 7,706 7,332 4,182 2,701 1,257 Q 3,067 Q
Other 3,826 3,826 1,944 2,377 311 335 Q 1,010
Primary space-heating
energy source		                
Electricity 26,205 26,205 26,205 5,856 421 Q 590 Q
Natural gas 42,988 42,988 19,376 42,988 1,122 Q 227 Q
Fuel oil 2,542 2,542 663 Q 2,542 Q Q Q
District heat 5,797 5,797 1,765 308 Q 5,797 N Q
Propane 1,948 1,948 882 Q Q N 1,948 Q
Other 598 598 Q Q Q N Q 598
Cooling energy sources
(more than one may apply)		                
Electricity 76,034 73,613 47,155 47,299 3,656 3,399 2,685 812
Natural gas 732 732 220 714 Q Q N N
District chilled water 4,608 4,561 1,510 707 Q 3,718 Q Q
Water-heating energy sources
(more than one may apply)		                
Electricity 42,755 40,801 30,763 20,740 2,094 1,841 1,630 475
Natural gas 39,523 39,083 21,539 34,731 1,169 834 296 278
Fuel oil 1,911 1,805 618 506 1,617 Q Q Q
District heat 4,551 4,551 1,360 217 Q 4,515 N Q
Propane 1,575 1,478 1,007 Q Q Q 1,201 Q
Cooking energy sources
(more than one may apply)		            
Electricity 25,151 24,576 16,437 15,271 1,532 2,207 895 342
Natural gas 24,770 24,425 15,237 19,231 1,158 1,636 Q Q
Propane 2,001 1,877 1,108 Q 555 Q 773 Q
Energy end uses
(more than one may apply)		                
Buildings with space heating 80,078 80,078 49,030 49,511 4,351 5,925 3,067 1,010
Buildings with cooling 79,294 76,834 47,914 47,836 3,660 5,864 2,685 821
Buildings with water heating 79,015 76,584 46,987 47,816 4,139 5,783 2,889 881
Buildings with cooking 38,546 37,771 23,802 24,658 2,443 3,116 1,449 400
Buildings with manufacturing 5,078 4,790 3,256 3,397 Q Q Q Q
Buildings with electricity
generation		 25,642 25,155 14,799 15,867 1,644 3,710 748 Q
Percent of floorspace heated                
Not heated 7,015 N N N N N N N
1 to 50 10,130 10,130 6,797 4,940 751 Q 490 Q
51 to 99 14,650 14,650 9,640 9,298 606 1,126 659 Q
100 55,298 55,298 32,593 35,274 2,994 4,683 1,918 737
Heating equipment
(more than one may apply)		                
Heat pumps 11,846 11,846 11,482 5,928 527 556 385 Q
Furnaces 8,654 8,654 5,040 6,837 183 Q 481 Q
Individual space heaters 20,766 20,766 16,235 13,893 1,648 1,334 1,217 590
District heat 5,925 5,925 1,869 350 Q 5,925 Q Q
Boilers 22,443 22,443 10,721 18,893 2,556 Q 565 Q
Packaged heating units 49,188 49,188 35,389 32,966 1,746 725 1,963 411
Other 1,574 1,574 1,352 1,094 Q Q Q Q
1Other includes wood, coal, solar, and all other energy sources.
2These climate regions were created by the Building America program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE).
Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.
N = No cases in reporting sample.
Notes: • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • See Guide to the 2012 CBECS Detailed Tables or CBECS Terminology for definition of terms used in these tables and/or comparison of differences with prior CBECS tables. Both references can be accessed from http://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2012/
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Consumption and Efficiency Statistics, Form EIA-871A of the 2012 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.