Developers plan to add 6 gigawatts of U.S. offshore wind capacity through 2029

Power plant developers and operators have reported plans to install more than 6 gigawatts (GW) of offshore wind capacity at sites mostly along the U.S. eastern seaboard over the next seven years, according to our latest Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory report. These additions include projects off the coasts of New Jersey, Maryland, and Virginia, as well as on Lake Erie, near Cleveland, Ohio.

In 2016, the 30-megawatt (MW) Block Island wind farm began operating off the coast of Rhode Island as the first offshore wind project in the United States. Since then, one additional project, the Coastal Virginia Offshore Wind Project, began commercial operation in 2021. Developers plan to expand that project, which currently has a generating capacity of 12 MW, to a total of 1,277 MW by 2027.

That expansion and several other projects would increase U.S. offshore wind capacity to more than 6 GW. For comparison, as of March 2022, the United States had more than 135 GW of net summer capacity of onshore wind, and developers plan to add another 21 GW of onshore wind capacity through 2026. We publish data on currently operating and planned capacity additions in our Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory and Annual Electric Generator Inventory reports.

Offshore wind tends to operate at a higher capacity factor than onshore wind because of stronger and less variable wind speeds. Offshore wind can provide power to population centers in coastal areas, where electricity demand is high. However, offshore wind electricity generation is generally more expensive than land-based energy sources.

Siting offshore wind on the Outer Continental Shelf requires a lease from the U.S. Department of the Interior’s Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM). BOEM has held lease sales at several sites on the eastern seaboard since 2013. Acquiring a lease is a necessary step in developing an offshore wind project, but the lease does not ensure project viability, additional construction, or transmission interconnection.

So far this year, BOEM has announced two offshore wind lease sales. In February, BOEM sold six leases in the New York Bight area, totaling 488,000 acres. In May, BOEM sold two leases in the Carolina Long Bay area in North Carolina, totaling 110,091 acres. BOEM proposed plans to auction lease sites off the coast of California later this year.

Principal contributor: M. Tyson Brown