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Table ET3. Residential sector energy price and expenditure estimates, 1970-2023, United States
Table ET3. Residential sector energy price and expenditure estimates, 1970-2023, United States







Year		 Primary energy




Electricity g



Total
energy f



Coal a

Natural
gas b		 Petroleum Biomass


Total f
Distillate
fuel oil c
HGL d
Kerosene
Total
Wood e
Prices in dollars per million Btu
1970 1.14 1.06 1.39 2.05 1.54 1.54 0.66 1.22 6.51 2.10
1971 1.22 1.12 1.46 2.02 1.59 1.59 0.69 1.28 6.80 2.23
1972 1.27 1.18 1.47 2.10 1.59 1.61 0.69 1.33 7.09 2.37
1973 1.20 1.26 1.69 3.59 1.87 2.09 0.80 1.54 7.44 2.71
1974 2.20 1.42 2.61 3.68 2.93 2.85 1.24 1.91 9.09 3.38
1975 2.45 1.67 2.74 3.96 3.14 3.02 1.31 2.11 10.29 3.80
1976 2.41 1.94 2.94 4.34 3.32 3.24 1.39 2.37 10.93 4.13
1977 2.53 2.30 3.32 4.83 3.78 3.64 1.57 2.75 11.87 4.76
1978 2.59 2.52 3.51 4.68 4.04 3.77 1.64 2.92 12.63 5.13
1979 2.69 2.92 5.04 6.53 5.56 5.32 2.35 3.59 13.60 5.99
1980 2.90 3.60 7.02 7.82 8.32 7.24 3.10 4.51 15.71 7.46
1981 3.56 4.19 8.63 8.20 10.53 8.65 3.79 5.24 18.17 8.82
1982 3.65 5.05 8.38 9.08 10.47 8.66 3.82 5.80 20.11 9.77
1983 3.16 5.88 8.11 9.31 7.64 8.39 3.57 6.33 21.04 10.66
1984 3.40 5.95 8.25 9.31 8.20 8.44 3.85 6.44 20.96 10.66
1985 3.26 5.94 7.93 8.98 7.90 8.14 3.71 6.37 21.66 10.91
1986 3.12 5.67 6.36 8.41 6.37 6.77 2.97 5.83 21.75 10.75
1987 2.74 5.39 6.06 8.44 6.44 6.59 2.87 5.60 21.82 10.71
1988 2.61 5.32 6.12 8.25 6.31 6.57 2.90 5.54 21.92 10.66
1989 2.64 5.47 6.76 10.32 6.19 7.54 3.20 5.88 22.41 11.02
1990 3.01 5.63 8.01 10.79 7.46 8.69 3.59 6.23 22.96 11.87
1991 3.10 5.66 7.68 10.70 7.09 8.48 3.44 6.17 23.57 12.08
1992 2.89 5.73 7.02 10.11 6.36 7.80 3.14 6.06 24.06 11.97
1993 3.02 5.99 6.85 9.94 5.89 7.64 3.03 6.22 24.40 12.27
1994 2.67 6.23 6.66 10.09 6.05 7.57 2.94 6.39 24.57 12.60
1995 2.58 5.89 6.53 10.02 5.74 7.49 2.88 6.11 24.63 12.60
1996 2.53 6.16 7.48 11.32 6.33 8.63 3.30 6.57 24.50 12.69
1997 2.48 6.75 7.46 11.28 6.29 8.61 3.24 7.03 24.71 13.25
1998 2.46 6.61 6.45 10.15 5.25 7.56 2.80 6.70 24.21 13.44
1999 2.37 6.50 6.62 10.04 5.73 7.78 2.87 6.68 23.93 13.15
2000 2.24 7.63 9.93 13.39 9.13 11.12 4.32 8.32 24.14 14.21
2001 2.93 9.42 9.49 14.67 8.81 11.23 4.22 9.70 25.16 15.62
2002 2.59 7.69 8.61 12.38 8.26 9.99 3.83 8.09 24.75 14.65
2003 2.46 9.24 10.33 14.65 9.83 11.83 4.60 9.69 25.56 15.79
2004 3.03 10.47 11.74 16.54 11.33 13.33 5.22 10.96 26.22 17.02
2005 3.46 12.34 15.54 19.13 14.76 16.77 6.96 13.16 27.68 19.16
2006 3.51 13.35 17.96 21.43 18.59 19.26 8.02 14.42 30.49 21.49
2007 3.50 12.70 19.76 23.31 21.27 21.19 8.86 14.27 31.22 21.57
2008 — 13.52 24.53 27.52 25.59 25.80 10.92 15.93 33.01 23.08
2009 — 11.81 18.29 23.56 22.00 20.87 8.17 13.36 33.73 22.04
2010 — 11.13 21.58 25.65 24.44 23.58 9.64 13.31 33.81 22.37
2011 — 10.78 25.94 28.25 28.49 27.08 11.59 13.59 34.34 22.81
2012 — 10.38 28.88 25.91 30.19 27.57 12.90 13.32 34.82 23.39
2013 — 10.01 28.29 25.30 30.19 26.87 [R ] 12.63 12.72 [R ] 35.54 22.59
2014 — 10.60 27.58 30.05 30.67 28.79 12.32 13.55 36.69 23.35
2015 — 9.96 19.01 22.75 16.81 20.64 8.42 11.69 37.08 22.93
2016 — 9.63 16.24 21.56 13.39 18.80 7.34 10.99 36.78 22.92
2017 — 10.47 18.17 25.15 16.74 21.61 8.22 12.11 37.77 23.77
2018 — 10.08 20.10 25.93 24.33 23.02 9.05 12.09 37.71 23.29
2019 — 10.07 19.34 22.72 22.74 21.20 8.78 11.81 38.14 23.13
2020 — 10.33 15.99 20.59 15.37 18.47 7.03 [R ] 11.50 38.55 23.86
2021 — 11.69 19.19 [R ] 26.81 23.05 23.02 [R ] 8.43 [R ] 13.43 [R ] 40.03 25.50 [R ]
2022 — 14.16 29.68 [R ] 29.39 38.64 29.61 [R ] 13.04 [R ] 16.55 44.08 28.86 [R ]
2023 — 14.77 27.14 27.25 34.28 27.31 11.93 16.75 46.89 30.58
Expenditures in million dollars
1970 236 5,272 2,603 1,124 459 4,186 68 9,761 10,352 20,112
1971 207 5,702 2,774 1,124 469 4,367 68 10,344 11,589 21,934
1972 147 6,223 2,932 1,260 432 4,623 68 11,060 13,034 24,095
1973 113 6,282 3,378 2,048 426 5,852 73 12,319 14,712 27,031
1974 180 6,949 4,816 1,937 538 7,291 118 14,538 17,924 32,461
1975 153 8,410 4,954 2,030 504 7,488 143 16,194 20,644 36,838
1976 142 9,992 5,834 2,310 613 8,758 173 19,065 22,621 41,685
1977 145 11,324 6,630 2,513 633 9,776 220 21,465 26,132 47,598
1978 127 12,565 6,854 2,363 617 9,834 262 22,788 29,069 51,857
1979 102 14,772 8,200 2,221 739 11,160 436 26,469 31,683 58,152
1980 90 17,497 9,234 2,436 887 12,557 678 30,822 38,458 69,280
1981 107 19,502 9,902 2,453 899 13,253 846 33,709 44,780 78,489
1982 116 23,987 8,796 2,625 995 12,417 944 37,464 50,045 87,509
1983 97 26,564 7,500 3,202 652 11,354 883 38,898 53,918 92,816
1984 135 27,873 8,999 2,608 1,315 12,923 953 41,884 55,777 97,660
1985 127 27,136 8,667 2,825 1,252 12,745 944 40,951 58,672 99,623
1986 126 25,147 7,070 2,593 773 10,437 689 36,400 60,776 97,176
1987 104 23,926 7,003 2,894 765 10,662 628 35,320 63,318 98,638
1988 97 25,332 7,288 2,818 906 11,012 677 37,118 66,793 103,911
1989 81 26,951 7,843 3,958 726 12,527 756 40,315 69,243 109,558
1990 93 25,439 7,839 3,805 477 12,121 878 38,531 72,378 110,909
1991 79 26,508 7,143 4,052 513 11,708 882 39,176 76,828 116,004
1992 74 27,599 6,877 3,741 413 11,031 846 39,550 76,848 116,398
1993 77 30,533 6,671 3,879 445 10,995 726 42,332 82,814 125,146
1994 55 31,028 6,389 3,875 393 10,656 670 42,410 84,552 126,962
1995 45 29,362 5,903 3,960 426 10,289 657 40,352 87,610 127,961
1996 41 33,219 6,920 5,314 562 12,796 781 46,837 90,503 137,340
1997 39 34,590 6,516 5,139 584 12,239 630 47,497 90,704 138,201
1998 31 30,875 4,975 4,309 569 9,852 484 41,242 93,360 134,602
1999 33 31,577 5,471 5,289 637 11,397 509 43,516 93,482 136,999
2000 24 38,959 8,980 7,440 864 17,283 824 57,090 98,209 155,299
2001 32 46,189 8,610 7,721 837 17,169 694 64,083 103,158 167,241
2002 31 38,490 7,393 6,661 495 14,549 639 53,709 106,834 160,542
2003 30 48,278 9,618 7,984 691 18,294 807 67,409 111,249 178,658
2004 35 52,265 10,830 8,474 961 20,264 940 73,503 115,577 189,080
2005 29 61,196 13,261 9,822 1,237 24,320 1,248 86,793 128,393 215,186
2006 22 59,834 12,738 9,559 1,233 23,531 1,275 84,661 140,582 225,244
2007 27 61,598 14,247 11,287 934 26,468 1,557 89,650 148,295 237,944
2008 — 67,851 18,393 15,231 544 34,168 2,146 104,164 155,496 259,661
2009 — 57,841 10,640 12,904 609 24,154 1,730 83,724 157,044 240,767
2010 — 54,396 12,109 13,589 711 26,409 2,188 82,994 166,778 249,772
2011 — 51,940 13,543 13,915 528 27,986 2,551 82,477 166,714 249,191
2012 — 44,131 13,914 10,251 234 24,398 2,374 70,904 163,280 234,184
2013 — 50,446 13,898 [R ] 11,726 249 25,873 [R ] 3,034 79,353 [R ] 169,131 248,484 [R ]
2014 — 55,735 14,697 [R ] 14,708 422 29,827 [R ] 2,994 88,556 [R ] 176,178 264,734 [R ]
2015 — 47,762 10,475 [R ] 10,142 170 20,787 [R ] 1,889 70,437 [R ] 177,624 248,061 [R ]
2016 — 43,572 7,053 [R ] 9,268 183 16,503 [R ] 1,413 [R ] 61,488 [R ] 177,077 238,564 [R ]
2017 — 48,104 7,849 [R ] 10,830 141 18,820 [R ] 1,540 [R ] 68,464 [R ] 177,661 246,125 [R ]
2018 — 52,411 10,187 [R ] 13,134 201 23,521 [R ] 2,063 [R ] 77,995 [R ] 189,033 267,028 [R ]
2019 — 52,694 9,088 [R ] 12,802 245 22,134 [R ] 2,082 [R ] 76,911 [R ] 187,436 264,347 [R ]
2020 — 50,344 6,521 [R ] 10,189 167 16,876 [R ] 1,044 [R ] 68,264 [R ] 192,663 260,928 [R ]
2021 — 57,472 9,176 [R ] 12,981 217 22,374 [R ] 1,295 [R ] 81,140 [R ] 200,834 281,974 [R ]
2022 — 73,276 [R ] 14,360 [R ] 14,821 327 29,508 [R ] 2,521 [R ] 105,306 [R ] 226,990 332,295 [R ]
2023 — 69,586 12,838 12,877 521 26,236 1,962 97,783 231,993 329,776

Footnotes:

a Beginning in 2008, consumption data are no longer collected and are assumed to be zero.

b Includes supplemental gaseous fuels that are commingled with natural gas.

c Beginning in 2013, includes biodiesel blended into distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 2021, includes biodiesel product supplied.

d Hydrocarbon gas liquids, assumed to be propane only.

e Wood and wood-derived fuels.

f There are no direct fuel costs for geothermal or solar energy.

g Electricity sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other energy service providers.

Where shown, R = Revised data, — = No consumption.

Note: Expenditure totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web page: All data are available at https://www.eia.gov/state/seds/seds-data-complete.php.

Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, State Energy Data System. See technical notes. https://www.eia.gov/state/seds/