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Table ET5. Industrial sector energy price and expenditure estimates, 1970-2023, Virginia
Table ET5. Industrial sector energy price and expenditure estimates, 1970-2023, Virginia







Year		 Primary energy




Electricity i



Total
energy f,g,h
Coal

Natural
gas a		 Petroleum Biomass


Total f,g,h
Coking
coal		 Steam
coal
Total		 Distillate
fuel oil
HGL b		 Motor
gasoline c		 Residual
fuel oil
Other d
Total		 Wood and
waste e,f
Prices in dollars per million Btu
1970 0.40 0.42 0.42 0.49 0.60 1.53 2.85 0.34 1.13 0.79 1.47 0.60 3.08 0.84
1971 0.47 0.54 0.54 0.55 0.63 1.58 2.82 0.45 1.11 0.76 1.47 0.67 3.32 0.93
1972 — 0.47 0.47 0.58 0.63 1.59 2.94 0.40 1.18 0.73 1.47 0.65 3.60 0.96
1973 — 0.49 0.49 0.64 0.69 1.70 3.15 0.48 1.32 0.82 1.47 0.72 3.76 1.04
1974 — 1.34 1.34 0.91 1.87 2.45 4.41 1.65 2.10 1.89 1.47 1.51 5.81 2.01
1975 — 1.47 1.47 1.08 2.19 2.93 4.77 1.81 2.54 2.17 1.47 1.72 7.37 2.47
1976 1.64 1.27 1.27 1.43 2.29 3.02 5.01 1.80 2.94 2.32 1.47 1.86 7.17 2.64
1977 1.69 1.37 1.40 1.89 2.67 3.61 5.33 2.09 3.22 2.63 1.47 2.15 8.46 3.06
1978 1.73 1.58 1.62 2.10 2.82 3.81 5.39 2.02 3.29 2.75 1.47 2.25 8.94 3.26
1979 1.78 1.60 1.64 2.28 3.59 4.41 7.01 2.63 4.33 3.60 1.47 2.61 10.04 3.64
1980 1.86 1.64 1.69 2.99 5.33 4.79 9.97 3.58 5.86 4.94 1.51 3.16 12.19 4.40
1981 1.96 1.90 1.91 3.51 6.68 6.11 11.14 4.74 7.63 6.75 1.51 3.71 12.40 5.03
1982 2.05 1.93 1.95 4.27 6.57 6.65 10.54 4.23 7.17 6.35 1.51 3.82 13.69 5.41
1983 1.58 1.72 1.68 4.89 6.74 6.98 9.25 4.27 6.65 6.21 1.51 3.63 13.81 5.26
1984 1.91 1.74 1.78 4.77 6.70 7.09 9.03 4.75 6.85 6.42 1.51 3.80 12.78 5.13
1985 1.93 1.69 1.74 4.60 6.51 10.14 9.33 4.29 6.82 6.50 1.51 3.91 12.47 5.20
1986 1.75 1.61 1.64 3.81 4.60 9.40 6.97 2.40 5.71 4.98 1.73 3.19 12.08 4.59
1987 1.72 1.55 1.59 3.50 4.43 9.11 7.60 3.05 5.13 4.98 1.73 3.07 12.12 4.47
1988 1.73 1.53 1.57 3.22 3.87 9.16 7.85 2.32 5.27 4.74 1.73 2.89 11.95 4.37
1989 1.75 1.56 1.60 3.76 4.85 6.48 8.55 2.72 4.86 4.77 1.20 2.83 12.33 4.30
1990 1.80 1.64 1.67 3.52 5.64 10.02 9.46 3.31 4.88 5.29 0.96 2.97 12.51 4.38
1991 1.72 1.61 1.63 3.65 5.22 10.67 9.02 2.32 5.39 5.48 1.12 2.85 12.39 4.25
1992 1.74 1.63 1.65 3.58 5.04 9.05 9.04 2.41 5.06 5.05 1.12 2.82 12.54 4.34
1993 1.68 1.64 1.65 3.71 4.74 8.94 8.95 2.22 5.43 5.14 1.10 2.94 12.29 4.48
1994 1.57 1.66 1.63 3.03 4.63 8.28 8.92 2.36 5.40 5.12 1.10 2.74 12.19 4.30
1995 1.57 1.69 1.66 3.25 4.67 8.41 9.14 2.68 5.80 5.44 1.18 2.83 12.20 4.34
1996 1.68 1.73 1.72 3.92 5.41 9.77 9.76 3.13 6.11 5.95 0.96 3.10 11.69 4.53
1997 1.75 1.76 1.76 4.48 5.03 9.52 9.66 2.91 6.34 5.68 0.97 3.30 11.73 4.73
1998 1.67 1.75 1.73 3.90 3.82 8.66 8.27 2.21 5.68 4.94 1.24 3.02 11.18 4.44
1999 1.74 1.73 1.73 3.80 4.62 9.06 8.93 2.65 5.61 5.33 1.39 3.15 11.26 4.56
2000 1.66 1.58 1.61 5.03 7.58 12.49 11.62 4.23 6.86 7.49 1.44 3.88 11.42 5.25
2001 1.73 1.76 1.75 5.77 6.83 13.16 10.97 3.75 6.35 7.13 1.96 4.20 12.19 5.70
2002 1.93 1.94 1.93 4.43 6.22 11.21 10.46 3.99 7.11 7.33 2.09 4.10 12.11 5.67
2003 1.93 1.72 1.80 5.76 8.12 13.52 11.86 5.12 7.52 8.08 1.63 4.54 12.39 5.94
2004 2.31 1.96 2.08 7.67 9.49 15.27 14.15 5.36 7.67 8.88 1.79 5.56 12.52 6.80
2005 2.91 2.37 2.56 10.39 14.35 18.09 17.59 7.40 8.88 11.81 2.75 7.37 13.06 8.31
2006 3.25 2.58 2.81 9.64 16.26 20.37 20.01 8.82 11.24 14.52 2.68 7.92 13.75 8.92
2007 3.42 2.68 2.97 9.00 17.46 22.75 21.67 9.67 12.17 15.30 2.55 8.01 14.84 9.18
2008 4.29 3.44 3.76 11.08 25.42 27.78 25.67 14.14 16.98 21.34 2.89 10.30 17.05 11.49
2009 5.01 3.88 4.27 6.90 14.69 21.63 18.40 9.93 15.24 14.69 2.72 7.44 20.26 9.98
2010 5.29 3.61 4.34 6.51 18.58 21.31 21.99 12.53 18.72 [R ] 18.12 [R ] 2.73 8.15 [R ] 19.51 10.38 [R ]
2011 6.24 3.89 5.00 6.28 24.20 25.86 27.91 16.67 21.47 [R ] 22.30 [R ] 2.85 9.36 [R ] 19.03 11.25 [R ]
2012 6.11 4.16 5.04 5.11 25.01 19.57 28.58 17.94 22.43 [R ] 23.11 [R ] 2.71 9.02 [R ] 19.68 11.09 [R ]
2013 5.35 4.03 4.65 5.81 24.40 19.63 27.91 18.08 22.95 [R ] 23.36 [R ] 2.70 8.81 [R ] 19.42 10.85 [R ]
2014 4.37 3.87 4.13 6.13 24.02 21.58 26.88 16.90 22.93 [R ] 23.36 [R ] 3.29 8.81 [R ] 20.19 11.04 [R ]
2015 3.84 3.46 3.70 4.79 15.31 11.71 19.13 9.34 18.93 [R ] 17.11 [R ] 3.19 7.01 [R ] 20.37 9.60 [R ]
2016 3.42 3.28 3.37 4.21 12.82 10.80 17.45 7.33 15.13 [R ] 14.04 [R ] 3.11 6.07 [R ] 19.21 8.66 [R ]
2017 3.76 3.45 3.66 4.78 14.56 14.75 19.42 9.58 16.50 15.98 3.04 6.66 19.08 9.02
2018 4.05 3.51 3.89 4.80 17.59 16.17 21.13 10.12 19.99 19.11 2.78 7.13 20.11 9.66
2019 4.58 3.80 4.36 4.41 16.27 12.44 19.69 9.64 19.21 [R ] 17.79 [R ] 2.74 6.91 20.09 9.45
2020 3.94 3.50 3.82 3.54 11.57 11.63 16.56 7.59 17.47 [R ] 15.41 [R ] 2.23 5.55 18.39 8.09
2021 3.67 3.43 3.60 4.86 15.96 18.77 23.08 11.35 19.96 [R ] 18.80 [R ] 2.87 7.14 [R ] 19.03 9.60
2022 6.01 5.05 5.74 7.13 27.50 19.91 29.64 16.90 26.40 [R ] 26.21 [R ] 3.09 10.32 [R ] 23.42 12.76 [R ]
2023 6.46 6.28 6.42 4.77 23.68 15.60 26.71 14.90 23.21 23.03 3.26 8.61 26.13 11.68
Expenditures in million dollars
1970 0.3 41.8 42.1 22.5 15.3 3.8 9.8 8.6 24.1 61.5 12.6 138.8 75.5 214.3
1971 0.3 41.1 41.4 27.4 13.7 4.0 8.3 20.0 27.5 73.6 12.8 155.1 84.6 239.7
1972 — 32.4 32.4 31.2 12.7 5.3 7.7 21.8 29.9 77.3 13.3 154.2 97.8 252.0
1973 — 31.1 31.1 34.6 15.5 5.6 8.6 29.2 35.7 94.5 13.4 173.7 109.0 282.7
1974 — 74.5 74.5 46.8 31.8 8.2 11.6 95.6 55.6 202.8 13.0 337.0 172.1 509.1
1975 — 97.0 97.0 39.4 36.8 12.0 11.5 85.4 53.7 199.5 11.6 347.4 228.3 575.7
1976 0.3 66.7 67.0 46.7 42.4 11.5 10.5 92.8 89.4 246.6 15.4 375.6 248.7 624.3
1977 9.9 66.6 76.5 57.3 57.1 16.3 10.8 118.1 107.0 309.2 14.3 457.4 302.1 759.5
1978 24.3 72.6 96.9 69.4 51.0 16.5 9.3 83.4 118.7 278.8 15.3 460.4 324.7 785.1
1979 32.7 100.6 133.3 94.0 89.0 29.2 12.2 101.2 152.3 383.8 15.8 627.0 387.1 1,014.1
1980 33.0 115.4 148.4 161.9 111.0 20.3 14.6 110.9 173.8 430.5 15.9 756.7 467.5 1,224.2
1981 39.4 138.7 178.1 181.7 142.8 24.9 13.6 59.3 207.2 447.7 16.8 824.3 495.3 1,319.6
1982 29.7 140.8 170.5 214.6 140.7 30.1 11.3 59.8 170.6 412.5 16.2 813.9 563.9 1,377.8
1983 38.1 133.2 171.3 223.8 114.7 24.3 7.7 59.3 194.5 400.4 18.3 813.8 589.0 1,402.8
1984 51.0 151.9 202.9 223.4 132.6 35.5 18.9 84.5 250.9 522.5 18.7 967.5 562.5 1,530.0
1985 45.7 138.1 183.8 232.5 126.2 57.8 33.6 83.5 257.2 558.4 18.6 993.6 566.4 1,560.0
1986 42.1 133.9 176.0 183.2 98.4 49.2 25.2 46.5 214.4 433.8 23.8 816.9 580.5 1,397.4
1987 43.4 141.0 184.4 195.3 102.6 58.3 29.5 46.1 193.3 429.8 23.7 833.3 604.1 1,437.5
1988 42.8 142.3 185.1 172.3 100.2 62.6 28.4 34.7 167.5 393.3 24.6 775.5 627.8 1,403.3
1989 44.0 137.9 182.0 217.1 108.3 41.4 34.5 41.0 172.2 397.3 55.1 851.8 676.6 1,528.4
1990 42.7 153.2 195.9 263.7 118.5 48.7 35.0 50.5 186.9 439.7 39.4 938.9 688.2 1,627.0
1991 44.9 172.4 217.3 217.6 102.5 64.1 31.8 26.1 170.7 395.3 49.0 879.3 659.8 1,539.0
1992 45.4 145.6 191.0 244.6 85.2 54.1 31.7 34.7 158.6 364.4 50.6 850.8 697.0 1,547.7
1993 43.4 116.9 160.3 270.5 86.6 56.4 29.6 28.8 169.2 370.7 54.7 856.2 710.4 1,566.6
1994 40.7 116.7 157.4 258.3 73.7 51.2 31.0 28.9 176.6 361.3 58.5 835.5 735.9 1,571.4
1995 40.8 108.6 149.4 313.3 96.6 37.0 34.2 21.3 177.5 366.5 80.2 909.4 753.4 1,662.9
1996 44.1 112.4 156.5 326.9 135.8 44.0 38.9 26.3 186.9 431.9 67.8 983.1 741.5 1,724.6
1997 46.3 108.4 154.6 379.7 144.4 36.3 40.3 34.3 192.2 447.5 62.8 1,044.6 753.2 1,797.8
1998 46.5 102.9 149.4 358.8 97.3 25.4 34.1 17.2 195.9 369.9 79.2 957.3 745.6 1,702.8
1999 48.8 95.3 144.1 354.4 114.2 34.6 26.5 18.3 228.7 422.4 90.4 1,011.3 759.3 1,770.6
2000 49.1 97.9 147.0 368.9 211.8 81.0 34.4 33.4 230.6 591.2 94.9 1,202.0 784.3 1,986.3
2001 54.4 108.2 162.6 365.8 197.9 47.1 78.5 13.7 229.1 566.4 92.9 1,187.7 797.8 1,985.5
2002 64.9 106.6 171.6 315.9 162.3 64.9 75.7 11.3 220.2 534.5 70.0 1,092.0 786.2 1,878.2
2003 62.6 100.3 162.9 391.4 274.6 47.7 86.2 51.9 246.7 707.1 79.9 1,341.3 793.7 2,135.0
2004 68.6 109.8 178.4 524.8 364.2 37.4 128.1 66.9 268.9 865.5 81.3 1,650.1 811.9 2,462.0
2005 86.0 136.1 222.1 798.6 593.2 77.2 149.6 111.9 345.2 1,277.2 174.3 2,472.2 862.6 3,334.8
2006 89.9 135.6 225.5 634.4 647.5 98.1 179.7 48.9 394.3 1,368.5 165.0 2,393.4 857.7 3,251.1
2007 109.1 135.0 244.1 618.2 717.7 81.8 120.5 82.7 399.7 1,402.4 149.6 2,414.2 918.9 3,333.1
2008 129.9 176.3 306.2 662.5 999.0 62.1 107.0 162.3 430.3 1,760.8 165.7 2,895.1 1,024.9 3,920.1
2009 110.7 162.7 273.4 360.7 263.2 47.8 75.8 92.9 392.5 872.2 114.9 1,621.2 1,094.1 2,715.2
2010 166.2 149.2 315.4 415.8 259.5 55.3 108.2 116.3 567.9 [R ] 1,107.3 [R ] 114.3 1,952.8 [R ] 1,141.3 3,094.1 [R ]
2011 207.7 144.1 351.7 426.0 350.8 67.5 134.3 107.1 711.0 [R ] 1,370.8 [R ] 121.9 2,270.3 [R ] 1,118.0 3,388.4 [R ]
2012 185.8 155.0 340.8 378.2 407.1 50.5 138.8 96.4 671.3 [R ] 1,364.1 [R ] 117.9 2,201.0 [R ] 1,162.8 3,363.8 [R ]
2013 162.4 138.1 300.5 457.5 414.9 61.0 141.3 62.9 592.4 [R ] 1,272.5 [R ] 127.5 2,158.0 [R ] 1,136.2 3,294.2 [R ]
2014 133.0 108.4 241.3 521.1 428.6 76.4 130.5 29.1 593.8 [R ] 1,258.4 [R ] 168.1 2,188.9 [R ] 1,219.7 3,408.6 [R ]
2015 114.0 61.8 175.8 435.8 235.0 44.4 72.1 19.1 590.1 [R ] 960.7 [R ] 173.9 1,746.1 [R ] 1,218.7 2,964.8 [R ]
2016 101.2 52.6 153.9 390.8 208.6 36.9 65.2 16.1 457.5 [R ] 784.2 [R ] 157.6 1,486.5 [R ] 1,156.9 2,643.4 [R ]
2017 111.6 46.0 157.6 474.3 218.4 47.5 73.5 6.3 522.5 868.1 160.8 1,660.8 1,117.7 2,778.5
2018 121.8 45.5 167.3 491.7 257.2 50.3 81.2 2.6 584.0 975.2 148.4 1,782.7 1,216.7 2,999.4
2019 138.2 45.3 183.5 468.8 254.3 31.3 75.4 15.4 577.2 [R ] 953.5 [R ] 137.0 1,742.8 [R ] 1,206.0 2,948.9 [R ]
2020 102.3 32.6 134.9 391.0 143.9 27.3 63.9 2.7 465.8 [R ] 703.6 [R ] 111.7 1,341.1 [R ] 1,096.7 2,437.9 [R ]
2021 94.8 36.7 131.5 579.8 243.2 73.8 88.5 9.6 574.3 [R ] 989.4 [R ] 142.7 1,843.4 [R ] 1,279.9 3,123.4 [R ]
2022 145.3 48.0 193.3 815.5 423.5 98.6 117.3 14.7 780.8 [R ] 1,434.9 [R ] 149.5 [R ] 2,593.2 [R ] 1,347.2 3,940.4 [R ]
2023 156.6 45.4 202.0 546.2 356.0 50.1 107.3 10.7 674.2 1,198.4 147.7 2,094.3 1,353.0 3,447.3

Footnotes:

a Includes supplemental gaseous fuels that are commingled with natural gas.

b Hydrocarbon gas liquids, include natural gas liquids and refinery olefins.

c Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline. There is a discontinuity in the expenditure series between 2014 and 2015 because of changes in consumption estimates from the source. See consumption technical notes, Section 4.

d Includes asphalt and road oil, kerosene, lubricants, petroleum coke, and the “other petroleum products” category. See technical notes, Section 4.

e Wood, wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste. Prior to 2001, includes non-biomass waste.

f There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1988 and 1989 due to the expanded coverage of the use of wood and biomass waste beginning in 1989.

g There are no direct fuel costs for hydroelectric, geothermal, solar, or wind energy.

h For 1981 through 1992, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline that is not included in the motor gasoline column.

i Electricity sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other energy service providers.

Where shown, R = Revised data and (s) = Value less than 0.05 million dollars.

Where shown, — = No consumption, including cases where adjustments were made. See explanation of adjustments in Section 7 of the technical notes.

Notes: · Expenditure totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. · The industrial sector includes industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.

Web page: All data are available at https://www.eia.gov/state/seds/seds-data-complete.php.

Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, State Energy Data System. See technical notes. https://www.eia.gov/state/seds/