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Table ET4. Commercial sector energy price and expenditure estimates, 1970-2023, Massachusetts
Table ET4. Commercial sector energy price and expenditure estimates, 1970-2023, Massachusetts







Year		 Primary energy




Electricity j



Total
energy g,h,i



Coal

Natural
gas a		 Petroleum Biomass


Total g,h,i
Distillate
fuel oil b
HGL c
Kerosene		 Motor
gasoline d		 Residual
fuel oil
Total e		 Wood and
waste f,g
Prices in dollars per million Btu
1970 0.89 1.40 1.10 1.52 0.81 2.86 0.37 0.72 0.56 0.84 8.05 1.64
1971 0.62 1.58 1.17 1.38 0.85 2.93 0.64 0.90 0.59 1.02 8.61 1.94
1972 1.04 1.69 1.17 1.41 0.85 2.87 0.66 0.92 0.60 1.06 8.83 2.07
1973 1.26 1.79 1.41 1.37 1.10 3.12 0.71 1.06 0.69 1.20 9.15 2.32
1974 1.73 2.12 2.27 2.29 2.43 4.38 1.91 2.11 1.06 2.11 13.23 3.81
1975 2.62 2.64 2.44 2.74 2.62 4.73 1.89 2.23 1.11 2.32 14.39 4.50
1976 1.83 3.06 2.62 3.36 2.68 4.88 1.76 2.28 1.19 2.43 15.10 4.73
1977 2.04 3.41 2.98 3.43 2.98 5.21 2.11 2.65 1.35 2.81 16.12 5.34
1978 1.80 3.51 3.09 3.71 3.14 5.15 1.86 2.66 1.43 2.87 16.48 5.57
1979 1.56 3.80 4.56 4.43 4.26 6.98 2.84 4.07 2.05 3.95 18.06 7.58
1980 1.67 4.65 6.36 5.28 6.12 9.69 3.81 5.37 2.85 5.01 22.08 9.30
1981 1.89 5.63 8.03 5.55 7.31 10.86 4.72 6.86 3.51 6.16 26.61 12.19
1982 2.01 6.28 7.76 6.61 7.73 10.07 4.16 6.22 3.40 6.14 25.61 11.37
1983 1.97 7.27 7.17 7.04 7.64 9.28 4.21 6.29 3.30 6.57 25.60 13.14
1984 2.38 7.01 7.04 6.84 8.02 8.85 4.88 6.32 3.35 6.42 27.55 13.20
1985 2.39 6.88 6.72 12.09 7.72 9.18 4.31 6.09 3.22 6.31 25.20 12.65
1986 2.55 6.49 4.57 11.19 5.65 7.25 2.46 4.11 2.58 5.01 23.40 11.05
1987 2.35 5.75 4.72 11.25 5.80 7.56 2.93 4.44 2.46 4.98 23.49 11.51
1988 2.50 5.93 4.51 11.08 5.23 7.90 2.36 4.04 2.49 4.82 22.72 11.08
1989 2.57 5.67 5.38 10.51 5.22 8.50 2.69 4.72 2.75 5.07 24.05 11.37
1990 2.62 6.14 6.38 10.70 6.28 9.53 3.05 5.24 2.83 5.55 25.43 12.32
1991 2.68 5.94 5.73 11.80 5.53 10.01 2.28 4.71 2.66 5.17 27.36 12.27
1992 2.64 5.64 5.33 9.87 4.78 9.83 2.27 4.49 2.44 5.00 27.56 12.26
1993 2.32 5.81 5.16 9.88 4.97 9.54 2.46 4.57 2.38 5.18 28.64 13.22
1994 2.23 6.66 5.21 9.77 5.05 9.62 2.51 4.49 2.31 5.75 28.89 13.15
1995 2.26 6.42 4.90 9.99 4.68 10.28 2.86 4.43 2.30 5.55 29.34 13.17
1996 2.30 6.57 5.83 11.03 6.17 10.64 3.41 5.37 2.64 6.10 29.36 13.48
1997 2.53 7.20 5.46 10.87 5.72 10.74 3.01 5.02 2.63 6.46 30.38 13.92
1998 2.29 7.21 4.27 9.70 4.50 9.10 2.22 4.13 2.26 6.17 27.64 13.74
1999 2.31 7.20 4.64 9.74 4.42 10.06 2.46 4.50 2.08 6.22 26.08 14.46
2000 2.00 8.24 7.82 12.43 10.34 12.65 4.43 7.60 3.06 7.89 27.06 15.87
2001 2.06 10.91 6.91 12.88 10.10 11.98 4.33 7.22 2.86 9.56 34.28 20.96
2002 2.41 8.51 6.60 11.36 9.66 11.12 4.26 6.70 2.45 7.75 29.53 17.71
2003 2.30 10.66 7.87 13.42 9.28 12.83 5.30 7.66 3.15 9.20 30.70 18.45
2004 2.41 12.14 9.38 14.80 11.13 15.01 5.24 8.06 2.91 10.12 32.20 20.12
2005 3.12 14.08 13.61 16.72 15.00 18.13 7.79 11.81 3.29 12.87 36.41 23.61
2006 3.48 15.59 15.98 18.58 17.83 20.70 8.54 14.46 3.02 14.97 45.55 30.75
2007 3.54 14.85 17.57 20.61 22.35 22.55 9.32 16.35 3.51 15.08 44.55 29.93
2008 — 15.06 24.19 24.05 27.72 26.45 13.78 21.57 8.58 16.61 47.09 31.33
2009 — 12.47 15.86 19.49 23.35 19.51 10.43 15.36 6.45 13.16 45.03 25.17
2010 — 11.61 19.79 22.66 25.21 22.83 14.22 19.50 7.61 14.21 42.59 24.29
2011 — 11.35 25.30 26.11 28.89 29.29 18.23 24.92 9.14 14.55 42.01 24.29
2012 — 10.33 26.43 21.83 31.43 30.31 19.97 25.34 10.18 13.06 40.57 23.88
2013 — 10.89 25.10 21.15 31.38 29.51 21.00 24.23 9.97 12.85 41.72 22.42
2014 — 12.19 24.91 22.77 31.77 28.40 18.68 24.37 9.65 14.02 [R ] 43.01 25.87
2015 — 10.50 14.79 14.73 17.01 20.10 10.32 16.18 6.70 11.56 46.26 25.39
2016 — 9.20 12.55 13.63 13.56 18.14 7.59 14.83 3.00 [R ] 9.91 [R ] 45.72 24.56 [R ]
2017 — 9.87 13.66 17.76 16.96 20.51 10.34 16.65 3.17 [R ] 10.75 46.70 25.07 [R ]
2018 — 12.46 19.33 19.25 24.50 23.06 13.35 20.64 3.18 [R ] 13.48 [R ] 50.33 27.51 [R ]
2019 — 10.98 18.00 15.56 22.88 21.78 12.73 18.96 3.57 [R ] 11.98 49.22 25.75 [R ]
2020 — 10.88 12.46 14.78 14.86 18.25 10.01 15.16 [R ] 3.50 [R ] 11.36 [R ] 46.99 24.59 [R ]
2021 — 11.70 19.23 22.20 23.47 24.63 14.97 21.27 4.03 [R ] 13.37 [R ] 49.79 27.16 [R ]
2022 — 15.11 31.31 23.56 38.94 33.51 24.66 30.82 2.02 [R ] 16.89 [R ] 54.70 30.12 [R ]
2023 — 15.24 24.37 19.33 34.20 29.38 22.44 25.27 2.05 16.09 57.51 31.22
Expenditures in million dollars
1970 1.7 50.1 86.4 1.8 0.5 1.5 35.0 125.3 (s) 177.2 213.6 390.8
1971 1.3 59.1 95.0 1.7 0.6 1.6 55.7 154.5 (s) 214.9 251.5 466.3
1972 1.8 63.0 98.2 1.9 0.6 1.6 57.8 160.0 (s) 224.9 282.5 507.3
1973 2.6 71.1 119.4 1.7 0.5 1.7 62.7 186.0 (s) 259.7 324.1 583.8
1974 3.5 80.2 180.3 2.8 0.7 2.4 133.8 320.0 0.1 403.8 457.9 861.7
1975 4.2 100.1 187.9 3.6 0.7 2.7 108.6 303.5 0.1 407.9 559.7 967.5
1976 2.8 116.2 218.3 4.6 0.8 2.9 107.9 334.6 0.1 453.7 623.5 1,077.2
1977 3.2 139.2 241.2 5.2 0.9 3.1 114.5 365.0 0.1 507.5 679.4 1,187.0
1978 2.2 161.5 238.9 5.4 0.7 5.1 88.2 338.2 0.2 502.1 713.2 1,215.2
1979 1.6 179.3 243.1 3.7 0.9 7.0 67.5 322.2 0.3 503.4 798.8 1,302.2
1980 3.1 252.5 278.0 4.6 1.0 9.7 116.3 409.7 1.2 666.5 983.0 1,649.4
1981 4.8 287.0 269.3 5.1 0.4 11.8 93.5 380.0 1.3 673.2 1,215.7 1,888.9
1982 6.3 393.2 249.2 6.1 1.2 11.3 110.5 378.3 1.1 778.8 1,196.3 1,975.1
1983 5.5 294.2 227.4 7.7 1.6 9.4 64.6 310.6 1.3 611.6 1,255.0 1,866.6
1984 10.4 296.2 262.6 7.6 2.7 7.8 102.2 382.9 0.9 690.4 1,398.9 2,089.3
1985 6.1 291.5 249.4 16.0 4.7 9.1 85.6 364.7 0.9 663.2 1,338.2 2,001.4
1986 3.7 290.4 197.9 16.4 9.3 7.2 53.0 283.9 0.8 578.8 1,322.1 1,900.9
1987 2.6 275.4 190.9 19.8 1.6 7.7 52.4 272.4 0.6 551.0 1,415.8 1,966.8
1988 3.2 298.9 191.5 19.1 2.1 7.6 50.8 271.0 0.7 573.8 1,452.2 2,026.0
1989 2.9 302.5 269.7 21.5 1.9 8.4 64.8 366.4 1.8 673.6 1,585.9 2,259.5
1990 3.3 321.5 275.5 18.8 4.5 3.4 85.8 388.0 3.4 716.2 1,693.8 2,410.0
1991 1.5 328.3 294.1 18.7 6.3 9.6 65.0 393.7 3.4 726.9 1,812.9 2,539.8
1992 3.1 377.0 241.3 15.5 2.0 8.5 52.3 319.6 3.3 703.0 1,839.8 2,542.9
1993 2.0 395.3 202.9 17.2 3.2 2.6 39.6 265.5 4.1 666.9 1,922.1 2,589.0
1994 1.0 576.9 187.0 17.5 2.9 2.8 46.6 256.9 3.8 838.6 1,981.6 2,820.2
1995 1.3 541.8 184.8 18.7 2.9 3.5 55.2 265.2 3.7 812.1 2,027.6 2,839.7
1996 1.7 648.1 191.4 24.5 1.6 3.6 52.1 273.3 4.4 927.5 2,075.1 3,002.6
1997 1.6 776.7 180.3 22.7 1.5 2.7 42.4 249.5 3.9 1,031.7 2,198.0 3,229.7
1998 1.5 659.5 134.4 18.5 1.8 3.1 19.8 177.7 2.9 841.5 2,053.4 2,895.0
1999 2.1 497.0 103.4 19.2 5.6 3.3 18.3 149.7 3.3 652.1 1,940.9 2,593.0
2000 0.8 549.3 236.9 30.3 6.3 18.4 38.7 330.5 5.3 885.8 2,164.0 3,049.8
2001 0.7 703.7 169.6 28.4 9.0 5.2 14.2 226.5 4.7 935.6 2,866.9 3,802.5
2002 4.6 570.6 147.3 20.3 3.2 6.7 17.2 194.8 4.8 774.7 2,487.5 3,262.2
2003 2.5 686.0 262.9 37.9 3.8 6.9 60.3 371.8 5.9 1,066.3 2,686.8 3,753.0
2004 1.9 709.9 235.2 26.8 5.7 5.4 91.3 364.4 7.8 1,083.9 2,858.3 3,942.3
2005 3.1 809.7 373.2 49.2 6.7 5.5 130.5 565.0 3.4 1,381.2 3,281.9 4,663.1
2006 1.3 822.9 302.8 51.8 3.9 7.8 62.8 429.1 3.3 1,256.6 4,077.7 5,334.3
2007 1.8 927.5 330.7 51.2 3.2 9.3 48.9 443.2 4.1 1,376.7 4,127.0 5,503.6
2008 — 1,102.6 340.4 69.3 3.2 10.7 82.5 506.1 3.1 1,611.8 4,271.2 5,883.0
2009 — 919.4 290.1 48.4 2.3 8.0 46.1 395.0 5.6 1,320.0 2,731.2 4,051.2
2010 — 864.6 621.4 50.6 6.7 5.5 49.4 733.7 6.6 1,604.9 2,651.0 4,255.9
2011 — 946.9 524.5 64.7 1.0 21.7 39.0 650.9 7.6 1,605.4 2,546.8 4,152.2
2012 — 780.1 345.4 49.4 0.3 6.6 27.6 429.3 7.4 1,216.8 2,453.1 3,669.9
2013 — 1,122.5 338.6 [R ] 59.2 0.4 7.0 29.3 434.6 [R ] 8.4 1,565.5 [R ] 2,521.4 4,086.9 [R ]
2014 — 1,320.4 379.6 [R ] 70.1 2.4 6.6 15.7 474.5 [R ] 8.2 [R ] 1,803.1 [R ] 3,827.1 5,630.1 [R ]
2015 — 1,136.9 229.8 [R ] 41.6 1.2 141.1 3.3 417.1 [R ] 5.7 [R ] 1,559.7 [R ] 4,135.8 5,695.5 [R ]
2016 — 994.0 106.7 [R ] 29.3 1.0 128.3 1.5 266.9 [R ] 5.2 [R ] 1,266.1 [R ] 4,045.7 5,311.8 [R ]
2017 — 1,112.2 133.1 [R ] 38.4 0.9 146.8 1.6 320.7 [R ] 5.7 [R ] 1,438.7 [R ] 4,138.0 5,576.7 [R ]
2018 — 1,525.1 178.2 [R ] 66.0 1.2 164.0 1.1 410.5 [R ] 5.4 [R ] 1,941.0 [R ] 4,456.6 6,397.6 [R ]
2020 — 1,227.8 91.6 [R ] 53.7 1.4 131.8 2.1 280.6 [R ] 7.2 [R ] 1,515.6 [R ] 3,706.9 5,222.6 [R ]
2021 — 1,244.2 261.4 [R ] 88.8 1.4 179.7 1.8 533.0 [R ] 8.4 [R ] 1,785.6 [R ] 4,048.4 5,834.0 [R ]
2022 — 1,816.2 414.4 [R ] 90.1 2.0 270.4 3.1 780.0 [R ] 18.8 [R ] 2,615.1 [R ] 4,562.5 7,177.5 [R ]
2023 — 1,677.7 323.3 65.3 3.3 225.4 2.3 619.5 19.2 2,316.4 4,763.5 7,079.9

Footnotes:

a Includes supplemental gaseous fuels that are commingled with natural gas.

b Beginning in 2013, includes biodiesel blended into distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 2021, includes biodiesel product supplied.

c Hydrocarbon gas liquids, assumed to be propane only.

d Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline. There is a discontinuity in the expenditure series between 2014 and 2015 because of changes in consumption estimates from the source. See consumption technical notes, Section 4.

e Includes small amounts of petroleum coke not shown separately.

f Wood, wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste. Prior to 2001, includes non-biomass waste.

g There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1988 and 1989 due to the expanded coverage of the use of wood and biomass waste beginning in 1989.

h There are no direct fuel costs for hydroelectric, geothermal, solar, or wind energy.

i For 1981 through 1992, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline that is not included in the motor gasoline column.

j Electricity sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other energy service providers.

Where shown, R = Revised data and (s) = Value less than 0.05 million dollars.

Where shown, — = No consumption, including cases where adjustments were made. See explanation of adjustments in Section 7 of the technical notes.

Notes: Expenditure totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. · The commercial sector includes commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.

Web page: All data are available at https://www.eia.gov/state/seds/seds-data-complete.php.

Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, State Energy Data System. See technical notes. https://www.eia.gov/state/seds/