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Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS)

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Release date: September 2021
Revised date: September 2022
Table B7.  Building size, floorspace, 2018
Total floorspace (million square feet)
Building size
  All
buildings		 1,001
to
5,000 square feet		 5,001
to
10,000 square feet		 10,001
to
25,000 square feet		 25,001
to
50,000 square feet		 50,001
to 100,000 square feet		 100,001
to
200,000 square feet		 200,001
to
500,000 square feet		 Over
500,000 square feet
All buildings 96,423 8,025 10,204 15,838 13,957 15,302 13,003 11,776 8,317
Principal building activity                  
Education 13,623 396 761 1,224 1,510 4,018 3,321 2,157 236
Food sales  1,006 265 Q Q Q Q Q Q N
Food service  1,385 549 610 Q Q Q Q N N
Health care  4,018 171 253 374 327 494 399 799 1,201
Inpatient  2,259 N N Q Q Q 176 715 1,168
Outpatient  1,760 171 253 354 286 356 223 84 Q
Lodging  6,976 Q Q 653 1,483 1,569 1,378 788 727
Mercantile  10,781 534 804 2,181 1,736 1,752 1,854 1,325 596
Retail (other than mall)  5,193 458 597 1,250 807 578 938 564 N
Enclosed and strip malls  5,588 Q Q 930 930 1,174 915 761 596
Office  16,662 1,380 1,446 2,172 1,899 2,380 2,412 2,541 2,432
Public assembly  7,192 655 886 1,545 1,514 1,024 470 416 683
Public order and safety  1,538 Q Q Q Q Q Q 322 Q
Religious worship  5,471 463 825 2,028 1,383 595 Q Q N
Service  6,240 1,428 1,644 1,505 846 569 Q Q Q
Warehouse and storage  17,483 1,409 1,885 3,049 2,199 2,254 2,056 2,588 2,043
Other  2,435 Q Q Q Q Q 444 490 Q
Vacant  1,612 340 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
Year constructed                  
Before 1920 3,600 571 491 741 673 381 425 243 Q
1920 to 1945 5,646 558 599 981 489 866 620 653 881
1946 to 1959 6,937 748 808 1,325 953 1,339 977 612 Q
1960 to 1969 10,360 919 1,288 1,797 1,698 1,257 1,058 1,478 864
1970 to 1979 13,061 1,088 1,536 2,029 1,954 1,926 1,573 1,697 1,258
1980 to 1989 13,465 1,067 1,509 1,844 1,928 2,263 1,774 1,649 1,431
1990 to 1999 15,535 1,167 1,559 2,782 2,734 2,259 2,192 1,663 1,179
2000 to 2009 17,500 1,183 1,318 3,272 2,212 3,168 2,570 2,242 1,535
2010 to 2018 10,319 725 1,097 1,068 1,315 1,842 1,813 1,538 920
Census region                  
Northeast 15,951 1,126 1,154 2,371 2,140 2,195 2,659 2,397 1,908
Midwest 25,932 2,269 3,021 4,469 4,064 3,942 2,759 3,062 2,347
South 34,907 2,979 3,542 5,656 4,716 6,312 4,999 4,203 2,500
West 19,633 1,651 2,488 3,342 3,036 2,853 2,586 2,115 1,562
Climate zonea                  
Cold or very cold 7,044 768 813 1,619 1,036 984 870 701 Q
Cool 26,768 2,451 3,111 4,273 4,770 3,950 3,162 3,254 1,797
Mixed mild 25,096 1,581 1,844 3,180 3,051 3,893 4,045 3,640 3,863
Warm 25,085 2,027 3,039 4,553 3,579 4,352 3,320 2,863 1,351
Hot or very hot 12,429 1,198 1,397 2,213 1,521 2,123 1,605 1,319 1,054
Number of floors                  
1 43,576 6,107 7,414 9,371 6,163 6,052 4,027 3,168 1,274
2 23,300 1,518 2,297 4,794 4,357 3,902 3,541 1,884 1,006
3 10,516 370 432 1,306 2,477 2,472 1,348 1,420 691
4 to 9 13,031 Q Q 368 960 2,723 3,404 3,384 2,102
10 or more 6,000 N N N N Q 682 1,920 3,244
Elevators and escalators
(more than one may apply)		                  
Any elevators 36,501 Q 341 2,520 4,418 6,912 7,423 8,088 6,764
1 elevator 14,215 Q 330 2,436 3,539 3,575 2,615 1,215 470
2 to 5 elevators 13,316 N Q Q 879 3,336 4,519 3,898 588
6 or more elevators 8,970 N N N N Q 289 2,974 5,706
Any escalators 3,753 Q N Q Q Q Q 561 2,917
Number of workers (main shift)                  
Fewer than 5 21,065 5,655 5,550 5,645 2,727 949 Q 304 Q
5 to 9 10,323 1,727 2,274 3,165 1,651 688 616 Q N
10 to 19 11,348 555 1,546 3,362 3,044 1,681 711 405 Q
20 to 49 16,132 Q 772 2,818 3,981 4,886 2,411 1,004 Q
50 to 99 12,961 N Q 842 1,877 4,472 3,548 1,628 532
100 to 249 12,442 N N Q 654 2,243 3,672 4,428 1,440
250 or more 12,152 N N N Q 384 1,855 3,805 6,084
Weekly operating hours                  
Fewer than 40 10,776 2,213 2,262 2,797 1,324 1,000 492 462 Q
40 to 48 18,826 2,013 2,864 4,159 2,761 3,151 2,233 1,401 Q
49 to 60 22,845 1,613 2,009 4,121 3,617 4,397 3,436 2,544 1,107
61 to 84 14,727 760 1,235 1,919 2,096 2,252 2,418 2,355 1,693
85 to 167 10,038 617 780 814 1,640 1,903 1,640 1,431 1,213
Open continuously 19,213 809 1,055 2,029 2,518 2,599 2,783 3,584 3,835
Ownership and occupancy                  
Nongovernment owned 74,728 6,785 8,799 13,682 11,612 10,026 8,889 8,397 6,538
Owner occupied 45,355 4,505 5,966 8,912 7,483 5,716 4,856 3,823 4,094
Leased to tenant(s) 28,382 2,022 2,537 4,701 4,029 4,193 3,980 4,493 2,427
Unoccupied 990 258 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
Government owned 21,695 1,240 1,406 2,157 2,345 5,276 4,113 3,379 1,779
Federal 1,946 Q Q Q Q Q Q 258 624
State 6,888 324 Q 520 681 1,957 1,237 1,178 593
Local 12,861 820 941 1,501 1,373 3,065 2,656 1,943 562
Party responsible for operation of energy systems                  
Building owner 79,282 6,610 8,645 12,427 11,196 12,901 10,908 9,972 6,623
Business owner or tenant 12,842 1,082 1,353 2,668 2,149 1,727 1,407 1,376 1,082
Property management 1,994 Q Q Q Q 315 306 261 Q
Other 2,306 Q Q 486 315 359 382 168 Q
Provider of direct input on energy-related equipment purchases                  
Building owner 82,862 6,887 9,082 13,504 11,664 13,309 11,253 10,304 6,858
Business owner or tenant 7,585 662 790 1,322 1,331 970 1,011 849 650
Property management 1,072 Q Q Q Q Q Q 146 Q
Other 4,904 393 307 832 800 864 584 478 646
Number of establishments                  
1 65,391 6,936 8,127 10,999 10,154 10,480 8,603 6,476 3,618
2 to 5 16,431 799 1,559 3,427 2,162 2,415 2,076 2,377 1,617
6 to 10 5,539 N Q 997 853 1,028 895 1,024 629
11 to 20 3,894 Q Q Q 532 887 816 709 557
More than 20 3,999 N Q Q Q 327 529 1,100 1,879
Currently unoccupied 1,168 287 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
Campus or complex activity                  
Not part of a campus or complex 56,609 5,135 5,776 9,024 8,665 8,925 7,993 6,957 4,134
Primary or secondary school 5,106 277 456 804 645 1,195 916 765 Q
College or university 3,761 Q Q Q 543 1,062 877 576 Q
Office complex 3,823 171 Q Q 439 538 822 644 736
Retail complex 4,573 285 Q 777 725 832 686 533 Q
Storage complex 5,684 535 1,023 1,356 Q 563 523 488 Q
Religious campus or complex 3,209 254 645 1,199 612 343 Q Q Q
Health care complex 2,838 Q Q Q Q 302 303 625 1,045
Lodging or resort complex 1,575 156 Q Q 541 Q Q Q Q
Transportation complex 774 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
Government complex 1,706 207 Q Q Q Q 251 219 Q
Other type of campus or complex 6,765 836 1,010 1,457 941 942 464 613 Q
Predominant exterior wall material                  
Brick, stone, or stucco 46,134 2,962 4,411 7,672 7,423 8,538 6,917 5,161 3,050
Concrete (block or poured) 19,357 1,043 1,638 2,865 3,104 3,399 3,208 2,541 1,559
Concrete panels 8,331 Q Q 502 823 1,351 1,440 2,085 1,905
Siding or shingles 5,992 1,740 1,290 1,141 1,010 Q Q 198 Q
Metal panels 12,198 1,973 2,490 3,199 1,457 1,148 577 675 679
Window glass 2,192 Q Q Q Q Q 396 685 673
Other 2,219 182 Q Q Q Q 254 432 Q
Predominant roof material                  
Metal surfacing 20,936 3,335 4,118 5,650 3,007 2,321 1,077 721 705
Synthetic or rubber 31,563 973 1,227 2,943 4,483 5,876 6,566 5,813 3,681
Built-up 19,308 721 1,182 2,249 2,328 3,866 3,124 3,097 2,740
Slate or tile shingles 3,997 509 655 995 816 420 355 131 Q
Wooden materials (including
shingles)		 1,568 252 Q 563 Q Q Q Q Q
Asphalt, fiberglass, or
other shingles		 14,058 1,954 2,352 3,066 2,400 1,705 1,076 1,120 385
Concrete 1,968 Q Q Q 413 Q 350 330 Q
Other 3,026 146 Q Q Q 580 415 512 420
Roof tilt                  
Flat 54,253 2,136 3,161 5,548 7,297 10,330 9,801 9,343 6,637
Shallow pitch 27,609 3,057 4,415 6,440 4,412 3,535 2,396 2,052 1,302
Steeper pitch 14,561 2,831 2,629 3,851 2,248 1,437 806 380 Q
Cool roof characteristics (more than one may apply)                  
White/reflective coating or paint 32,799 1,410 2,008 4,368 4,337 6,036 5,558 5,293 3,790
White/reflective tiles or shingles 2,713 202 Q Q 505 497 589 241 Q
Aluminum coating 6,149 742 1,070 1,243 1,046 814 605 353 Q
Ballasted roof system 6,277 Q Q 542 568 1,001 1,045 1,439 1,463
Other cool roof property 1,603 Q Q Q Q Q Q 428 494
Renovations since 2000
(more than one may apply)		                  
Any type of renovation 45,165 2,453 3,455 5,836 6,326 7,293 7,204 7,067 5,531
Addition or annex 10,854 284 625 1,007 1,556 1,618 2,026 1,547 2,190
Reduction in floorspace 1,784 Q Q Q Q Q Q 419 656
Roof replacement 20,862 1,009 1,530 2,398 2,582 3,349 3,138 3,819 3,037
Interior wall reconfiguration 21,283 789 1,108 2,283 2,665 3,385 3,129 3,647 4,277
Window replacement 10,977 525 912 1,426 1,148 1,684 1,396 1,556 2,329
HVAC equipment upgrade 27,575 912 2,043 3,178 3,443 4,150 4,401 4,989 4,459
Lighting upgrade 29,098 1,128 1,839 2,826 3,808 4,703 4,438 5,426 4,931
Electrical upgrade 15,761 641 1,127 1,262 1,593 2,198 2,541 2,974 3,423
Plumbing system upgrade 15,537 705 1,101 1,376 1,742 2,146 2,196 3,051 3,219
Insulation upgrade 7,980 439 475 908 662 881 1,403 1,238 1,974
Fire, safety, or security upgrade 19,985 573 787 1,859 2,348 3,366 3,375 4,069 3,606
Structural upgrade 4,203 142 Q Q 459 388 583 554 1,368
Other 1,168 Q Q Q Q Q 327 321 Q
No renovations 43,832 5,109 5,928 9,276 6,704 6,667 4,608 3,455 2,085
Buildings constructed 2013 or later 7,426 462 822 727 927 1,342 1,190 1,254 701
Energy sources
(more than one may apply)		                  
Electricity 94,844 7,471 9,644 15,464 13,935 15,269 12,983 11,761 8,317
Natural gas 67,722 3,292 5,200 9,523 10,467 11,988 10,516 9,674 7,062
Fuel oil 21,185 726 774 1,827 1,774 2,893 3,266 4,541 5,383
District heat 6,745 Q Q Q 390 1,117 952 1,450 2,281
District chilled water 4,288 Q Q Q 295 831 757 988 1,155
Propane 10,157 1,047 995 1,700 1,336 1,325 1,198 1,256 1,299
Solar   3,820 Q Q 467 389 391 675 661 978
Wood, coal, and other 2,113 218 505 Q Q Q Q Q Q
Space-heating energy sources
(more than one may apply)		                  
Electricity 45,603 3,267 3,941 7,398 7,443 7,465 6,416 5,431 4,241
Natural gas 58,042 2,830 4,493 8,764 9,055 10,192 9,281 8,190 5,238
Fuel oil 4,134 468 400 630 Q 541 513 615 510
District heat 6,547 Q Q Q 384 1,117 950 1,323 2,253
Propane 3,896 722 678 914 516 Q 234 Q Q
Other sources1 927 192 Q Q Q Q Q Q N
Primary space-heating
energy source		                  
Electricity 27,618 2,507 2,850 4,883 4,530 4,905 3,338 2,768 1,836
Natural gas 50,060 2,602 4,322 7,819 7,851 8,201 7,995 7,094 4,175
Fuel oil 2,223 445 Q 560 Q Q 292 Q Q
District heat 6,090 Q Q Q 346 1,044 873 1,221 2,117
Propane 2,290 638 461 Q Q Q Q Q Q
Other sources1 380 Q Q Q Q N Q Q N
Cooling energy sources
(more than one may apply)		                  
Electricity 84,526 5,685 7,718 13,785 12,894 14,245 12,133 10,370 7,696
Natural gas 400 Q N N Q Q Q Q Q
District chilled water 4,288 Q Q Q 295 831 757 988 1,155
Water-heating energy sources
(more than one may apply)		                  
Electricity 47,125 3,699 4,613 8,250 7,325 7,031 6,343 5,699 4,165
Natural gas 46,652 1,873 3,464 6,092 7,083 9,051 7,859 6,862 4,368
Fuel oil 1,807 Q Q Q Q Q 431 272 340
District heat 4,206 N Q Q Q 628 608 975 1,638
Propane 1,947 167 Q 551 Q 367 Q Q Q
Cooking energy sources
(more than one may apply)		                  
Electricity 30,509 1,398 2,187 3,281 4,224 5,220 5,409 4,939 3,851
Natural gas 27,705 621 1,101 2,290 3,252 4,604 5,664 5,539 4,633
Propane 3,101 241 Q 496 Q 630 648 210 Q
Energy end uses
(more than one may apply)		                  
Buildings with space heating 88,661 6,322 8,191 14,194 13,237 14,609 12,603 11,304 8,201
Buildings with cooling 87,506 5,704 7,781 13,940 13,151 14,841 12,645 11,129 8,317
Buildings with water heating 87,717 5,721 7,987 13,843 13,137 14,721 12,628 11,542 8,137
Buildings with cooking 43,580 2,020 2,960 4,932 5,778 7,387 7,750 6,950 5,803
Buildings with manufacturing 6,871 392 388 1,096 1,282 1,214 854 781 864
Buildings with electricity
generation		 29,457 556 1,212 2,478 2,886 4,755 5,180 6,041 6,347
Buildings with lighting 94,122 7,306 9,306 15,445 13,812 15,269 12,959 11,708 8,317
Percentage of floorspace heated                  
Not heated 7,762 1,703 2,013 1,644 721 693 400 472 Q
1 to 50% 10,623 928 1,142 2,354 1,227 1,348 1,511 1,231 883
51 to 99% 20,174 943 1,813 2,752 2,994 3,361 2,822 2,810 2,680
100% 57,864 4,451 5,237 9,088 9,015 9,900 8,270 7,264 4,639
Percentage of floorspace cooled                  
Not cooled 8,917 2,321 2,424 1,899 807 461 358 647 N
1 to 50% 19,722 1,241 2,288 4,051 2,579 3,100 2,509 2,273 1,680
51 to 99% 26,277 1,000 1,792 3,074 3,747 4,741 4,249 3,944 3,730
100% 41,507 3,463 3,701 6,815 6,824 7,000 5,886 4,911 2,907
Percentage lit when open                  
0% Q Q Q N Q N Q Q N
1 to 50% 14,172 1,857 2,610 4,104 2,124 1,337 887 648 604
51 to 99% 38,847 1,960 2,874 5,866 5,777 6,844 5,936 5,869 3,720
100% 39,877 3,201 3,483 5,348 5,783 6,922 6,072 5,091 3,976
Building never open/electricity
not used		 2,998 927 960 Q Q Q Q Q Q
Percentage lit during off hours                  
Zero 15,537 3,383 3,801 3,889 2,241 1,144 553 488 Q
1 to 50 69,761 3,741 5,403 10,855 10,370 12,706 10,804 9,285 6,597
51 to 100 7,237 277 Q 622 882 1,127 1,258 1,488 1,307
Building always open with
no "off hours"		 2,309 Q Q Q Q 292 368 501 376
Electricity not used 1,579 554 Q Q Q Q Q Q N
Heating equipment (more than one may apply)                  
Packaged heating units 48,064 2,511 3,648 6,773 8,523 8,565 7,676 6,190 4,176
Furnaces 17,272 2,428 2,813 4,346 2,702 2,214 1,618 938 Q
Individual space heaters 21,122 1,469 2,062 3,747 3,682 3,248 2,509 2,511 1,894
Boilers 28,831 511 862 2,724 4,013 6,097 6,043 5,093 3,488
Heat pumps 15,110 752 1,049 2,344 1,965 2,544 2,293 2,468 1,694
District heat 6,547 Q Q Q 384 1,117 950 1,323 2,253
Duct reheat 7,418 Q Q 469 696 1,230 1,336 1,692 1,763
Other 821 N Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
Cooling equipment (more than one may apply)                  
Packaged air-conditioning units 56,290 2,666 4,659 8,465 9,766 10,185 8,736 6,971 4,841
Residential-type central air
conditioners		 18,270 1,920 2,008 3,873 2,603 2,887 1,920 1,845 1,214
Individual air conditioners 13,619 954 1,074 2,071 1,888 2,356 2,450 1,604 1,219
Central chillers 17,926 Q Q 718 1,398 3,069 3,805 4,758 4,000
Heat pumps 11,098 485 821 1,888 1,001 1,918 1,648 1,692 1,644
District chilled water 4,288 Q Q Q 295 831 757 988 1,155
Swamp coolers 2,070 Q Q Q Q 403 231 326 Q
Other Q Q N Q Q N Q Q Q
HVAC features
(more than one may apply)
Economizer cycle 34,087 427 996 3,005 4,138 6,140 6,717 6,652 6,013
Variable air volume (VAV) system 29,268 525 1,215 2,265 2,648 5,223 5,636 5,957 5,798
Dedicated outside air system (DOAS) 9,027 237 346 844 986 1,472 1,475 1,714 1,953
Demand controlled ventilation (DCV) 10,474 345 607 1,087 1,439 1,782 1,392 1,985 1,838
Regular HVAC maintenance 78,015 4,098 6,216 11,594 10,956 13,779 12,113 11,061 8,196
Building automation system (BAS) controls heating/cooling 40,462 759 1,158 3,580 4,310 7,455 8,465 7,915 6,818
Internet-connected/smart thermostat 5,966 335 663 1,124 990 1,031 950 437 Q
Programmable thermostat 20,882 2,043 2,976 4,505 4,257 3,249 1,438 1,738 675
Main equipment replaced since 2000 (more than one may apply)                  
Heating 32,451 2,167 3,811 5,758 5,471 4,643 4,436 4,015 2,151
Cooling 23,013 1,496 2,168 4,291 2,927 3,225 3,260 3,047 2,599
Water-heating equipment                  
Centralized system 59,280 4,544 6,339 10,549 9,593 10,093 8,155 6,498 3,508
Distributed system 14,307 957 1,305 2,290 2,112 2,483 1,597 2,099 1,464
Combination of centralized and distributed system 14,129 220 344 1,004 1,432 2,144 2,875 2,945 3,165
Generation technologies (more than one may apply)                  
Reciprocating engine generators 25,163 458 1,020 1,894 2,337 4,161 4,264 5,211 5,818
Solar panels 3,750 Q Q 456 389 391 662 637 978
Other generation technology 2,055 Q Q Q Q Q 532 439 360
Lighting equipment types
(more than one may apply)		                  
Incandescent 21,081 1,408 1,996 2,897 2,859 3,463 2,895 3,076 2,487
Standard fluorescent 72,932 5,280 6,657 11,798 10,623 12,052 10,200 9,202 7,121
Compact fluorescent 33,696 1,147 1,807 3,695 4,279 5,869 5,711 6,164 5,024
High-intensity discharge 11,356 Q Q 973 1,093 1,912 2,023 2,385 2,421
Halogen 15,012 527 1,021 1,946 2,151 2,306 2,126 2,789 2,147
LED 61,847 2,849 4,128 8,614 8,686 10,901 9,520 9,651 7,499
Other Q Q N Q N Q Q Q N
Refrigeration equipment
(more than one may apply)		                  
Any refrigeration 77,589 4,913 6,273 11,252 11,606 13,172 11,772 10,645 7,956
Walk-in units 29,384 682 1,055 1,530 2,597 5,652 6,270 6,383 5,216
Cases or cabinets 28,517 812 1,317 2,282 2,931 5,034 5,591 5,679 4,870
Large cold storage areas 3,592 Q Q Q Q 682 629 540 1,195
Commercial ice makers 34,672 807 1,188 2,824 3,933 6,429 6,706 6,737 6,048
Residential-type or compact units 64,735 4,309 5,210 10,051 10,311 10,450 9,238 8,433 6,732
Vending machines 42,071 510 741 3,259 4,990 8,234 8,648 8,616 7,073
No refrigeration 18,834 3,112 3,931 4,587 2,352 2,130 1,230 1,131 Q
Office equipment
(more than one may apply)		                  
Desktop computers 82,012 4,350 6,881 12,400 12,530 14,338 12,360 11,216 7,938
With multiple monitors 50,844 1,482 2,179 5,476 6,580 9,824 8,710 9,405 7,189
Laptop computers 69,375 2,803 5,040 9,519 10,116 12,471 11,135 10,737 7,555
Dedicated servers 51,595 1,085 2,154 5,249 7,263 10,335 9,099 9,305 7,105
Tablets charged in building 48,778 1,512 2,483 5,840 5,980 9,521 9,039 8,330 6,073
Large floor-standing office devices2 54,088 976 2,312 5,799 7,758 10,723 9,806 9,342 7,372
Smaller desktop office devices2 74,467 4,306 5,786 11,602 11,094 12,609 11,104 10,402 7,564
Interactive whiteboards 16,939 Q Q 919 1,510 3,908 3,740 3,484 2,964
Televisions/video displays 63,618 2,632 4,012 8,311 9,157 11,467 11,052 9,500 7,488
Point-of-sales devices/cash registers 33,606 1,832 2,086 3,553 4,325 5,422 5,662 5,825 4,900
Food preparation or serving areas
in non-food service buildings
(more than one may apply)		                  
Snack bar/concession stand/coffee shop 10,361 Q Q 449 822 1,322 1,769 2,343 3,445
Fast food/small restaurant 9,759 118 Q 493 856 1,129 1,813 2,069 3,085
Cafeteria or large restaurant 14,531 N Q Q 901 2,728 3,105 3,484 3,944
Commercial kitchen/
food preparation area		 17,698 Q Q 1,407 1,675 3,163 3,819 3,975 3,343
Small kitchen area 20,519 1,279 1,921 2,849 3,217 3,011 2,968 2,372 2,902
Separate computer areas
(more than one may apply)		                  
Server closet 48,722 915 1,992 4,249 6,701 10,384 9,289 8,742 6,450
Data center 11,383 Q Q Q 476 1,192 2,046 3,205 3,877
Computer-based training room 16,556 Q Q 872 1,244 3,241 3,499 3,679 3,738
Student or public computer center 12,527 Q Q 763 1,242 2,937 3,025 2,871 1,274
Window and interior lighting
features (more than one may
apply)		                  
Multipaned windows 72,694 4,109 5,995 11,470 10,573 12,719 11,098 9,380 7,350
Tinted window glass 44,363 1,576 2,884 6,298 5,880 7,837 6,884 7,243 5,761
Reflective window glass 17,929 354 809 2,311 2,211 2,920 3,313 3,258 2,753
External overhangs or awnings 28,718 2,019 2,328 4,702 4,462 5,047 3,815 3,633 2,713
Skylights or atriums 19,815 492 773 2,007 2,279 2,695 3,111 4,278 4,180
Light scheduling 33,552 809 1,334 3,352 3,899 6,011 6,615 6,100 5,432
Occupancy sensors 44,304 604 1,524 4,109 4,886 8,677 8,530 8,863 7,112
Multi-level lighting or dimming 14,424 236 606 1,015 1,267 2,519 2,472 3,329 2,979
Daylight harvesting 7,244 Q Q 532 535 843 1,249 1,967 1,866
Plug-load control 1,961 Q Q Q Q Q 449 439 294
Demand responsive lighting 2,045 Q Q Q Q Q 234 382 349
Building automation system (BAS) for lighting 16,645 232 Q 1,314 1,432 2,715 3,481 3,446 3,663
Electric vehicle (EV) charging                  
Charging stations associated with the building 10,165 Q Q 504 894 1,278 1,414 2,474 3,437
 
Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-871A of the 2018 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey
Notes: Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. The Guide to the 2018 CBECS Tables and CBECS Terminology contain definitions of terms used in these tables and comparisons between previous CBECS tables. You can access both references from http://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/.
Data are sample survey estimates with RSEs published in a tab on the Excel worksheet for this table.
aClimate zones are based on ASHRAE Standard 169-2021; see https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/maps.php#defined.
bOther sources includes wood, coal, solar, and all other energy sources.
cOffice devices refers to any combination of printers, copiers, scanners, or FAX machines.
Q = Data withheld either because the relative standard error (RSE) was greater than 50% or fewer than 20 buildings in reporting sample.
N = No buildings in reporting sample.