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Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS)

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Release date: September 2021
Revised date: September 2022
Table B5.  Census region and division, floorspace, 2018
Total floorspace (million square feet)
Northeast Midwest South West
  All
buildings		 New England Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Central South Atlantic East South Central West South Central Moun-
tain		 Pacific
All buildings 96,423 3,749 12,202 17,561 8,372 17,923 5,404 11,580 7,680 11,952
Building floorspace (square feet)                    
1,001 to 5,000  8,025 473 653 1,552 716 1,506 455 1,018 580 1,070
5,001 to 10,000  10,204 449 704 1,853 1,168 1,431 688 1,423 962 1,525
10,001 to 25,000 15,838 782 1,589 2,802 1,667 2,760 883 2,014 1,355 1,987
25,001 to 50,000 13,957 505 1,635 2,830 1,234 2,393 651 1,673 1,099 1,937
50,001 to 100,000  15,302 518 1,677 2,657 1,285 3,245 875 2,193 1,223 1,630
100,001 to 200,000  13,003 538 2,121 1,742 1,016 2,643 1,022 1,333 1,158 1,428
200,001 to 500,000  11,776 341 2,056 2,451 611 2,389 550 1,265 632 1,483
Over 500,000  8,317 Q 1,766 1,673 674 1,557 Q 662 Q 892
Principal building activity                    
Education 13,623 621 1,924 2,435 1,402 2,345 822 1,800 895 1,379
Food sales  1,006 Q Q 281 Q Q Q Q Q Q
Food service  1,385 Q Q 216 Q 261 Q 193 210 194
Health care  4,018 194 585 838 238 580 238 355 404 586
Inpatient  2,259 Q 276 583 Q 366 Q 237 Q 302
Outpatient  1,760 Q 308 255 Q 214 Q Q 243 284
Lodging  6,976 322 884 1,072 589 1,300 323 756 827 902
Mercantile  10,781 Q 1,044 1,756 869 2,159 706 1,598 1,125 1,174
Retail (other than mall)  5,193 Q 376 900 582 998 493 671 563 380
Enclosed and strip malls  5,588 Q 669 856 Q 1,161 Q 927 562 795
Office  16,662 454 2,741 2,943 1,393 3,253 545 1,905 1,358 2,069
Public assembly  7,192 424 682 1,384 506 1,655 Q 893 570 915
Public order and safety  1,538 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 162
Religious worship  5,471 Q 510 963 482 1,322 628 619 Q 530
Service  6,240 323 944 1,312 911 755 310 619 462 605
Warehouse and storage  17,483 469 1,929 3,402 1,312 3,034 1,250 2,080 1,049 2,958
Other  2,435 Q 465 403 Q 534 Q Q Q Q
Vacant  1,612 Q Q 313 Q 371 Q Q Q Q
Year constructed                    
Before 1920 3,600 360 925 924 Q 487 Q Q Q Q
1920 to 1945 5,646 259 1,330 1,464 451 648 Q 451 224 667
1946 to 1959 6,937 Q 1,324 979 735 1,344 444 632 452 812
1960 to 1969 10,360 406 1,639 2,119 687 1,902 755 1,101 450 1,302
1970 to 1979 13,061 426 1,837 2,601 1,288 2,097 751 1,394 1,073 1,593
1980 to 1989 13,465 646 1,369 1,642 1,291 2,751 592 1,901 1,290 1,982
1990 to 1999 15,535 533 1,415 2,614 1,495 3,429 776 1,953 1,287 2,033
2000 to 2009 17,500 713 1,394 3,329 1,517 3,444 1,279 2,326 1,597 1,901
2010 to 2018 10,319 Q 969 1,889 720 1,821 528 1,646 1,050 1,507
Climate zonea                    
Cold or very cold 7,044 884 Q 2,239 2,576 N N N Q Q
Cool 26,768 2,554 4,430 11,962 3,214 N N N 3,269 1,339
Mixed mild 25,096 Q 7,556 3,360 2,582 5,125 Q Q Q 2,346
Warm 25,085 N N N N 9,043 4,484 3,834 Q 6,958
Hot or very hot 12,429 N N N N 3,755 Q 6,080 1,614 Q
Number of floors                    
1 43,576 1,099 3,379 7,787 3,863 7,812 3,018 6,853 3,890 5,875
2 23,300 894 3,107 4,592 2,337 4,193 1,222 2,406 1,696 2,853
3 10,516 809 1,599 2,303 1,202 1,847 525 817 592 822
4 to 9 13,031 785 2,528 1,906 743 2,825 461 1,141 813 1,830
10 or more 6,000 162 1,589 973 226 1,247 178 362 Q 573
Elevators and escalators
(more than one may apply)		                    
Any elevators 36,501 1,655 6,547 6,663 2,714 7,290 1,360 3,388 2,877 4,007
1 elevators 14,215 790 2,318 2,931 1,131 2,804 602 1,253 1,069 1,315
2 to 5 elevators 13,316 606 2,402 2,191 1,135 2,490 488 1,477 1,006 1,521
6 or more elevators 8,970 258 1,827 1,540 448 1,996 270 658 Q 1,172
Any escalators 3,753 Q 826 502 Q 875 Q 351 Q 286
Number of workers (main shift)                    
Fewer than 5 21,065 928 2,131 4,234 2,035 3,561 1,537 2,578 1,452 2,608
5 to 9 10,323 498 824 1,884 865 2,000 758 1,364 722 1,407
10 to 19 11,348 343 1,128 2,171 1,373 1,908 470 1,534 983 1,438
20 to 49 16,132 650 1,647 2,747 1,760 2,761 1,098 1,999 1,319 2,151
50 to 99 12,961 518 1,829 2,280 856 2,677 614 1,545 1,174 1,468
100 to 249 12,442 509 2,143 2,307 844 2,534 514 1,377 869 1,345
250 or more 12,152 303 2,500 1,937 638 2,482 414 1,182 1,161 1,534
Weekly operating hours                    
Fewer than 40 10,776 Q 1,184 2,121 1,161 1,903 940 1,200 506 1,555
40 to 48 18,826 720 1,599 3,307 1,599 3,341 1,353 2,717 1,487 2,704
49 to 60 22,845 899 3,163 3,837 1,900 4,639 1,144 2,569 2,221 2,472
61 to 84 14,727 550 2,196 2,685 1,377 2,526 528 1,962 955 1,948
85 to 167 10,038 448 1,374 2,120 814 1,808 Q 837 914 1,228
Open continuously 19,213 926 2,685 3,491 1,520 3,707 945 2,296 1,597 2,045
Ownership and occupancy                    
Nongovernment owned 74,728 3,059 9,636 13,857 6,610 13,425 4,002 8,828 5,883 9,428
Owner occupied 45,355 2,175 5,529 8,483 4,415 8,568 2,675 5,545 3,277 4,689
Leased to tenant(s) 28,382 876 3,948 5,219 2,063 4,667 1,264 3,209 2,528 4,607
Unoccupied 990 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
Government owned 21,695 690 2,566 3,704 1,762 4,498 1,402 2,753 1,797 2,524
Federal 1,946 Q Q 272 Q 554 Q Q Q 257
State 6,888 Q 775 984 345 1,605 594 1,016 652 773
Local 12,861 462 1,586 2,448 1,282 2,339 629 1,555 1,065 1,494
Party responsible for operation
of energy systems		                    
Building owner 79,282 3,259 10,189 14,724 7,135 14,726 4,406 9,553 6,350 8,940
Business owner or tenant 12,842 358 1,676 2,065 777 2,254 816 1,604 966 2,326
Property management 1,994 Q Q Q Q 470 Q Q Q 358
Other 2,306 Q Q 473 Q 474 Q Q Q 329
Provider of direct input on energy-
related equipment purchases		                    
Building owner 82,862 3,282 10,670 15,364 7,320 15,444 4,647 10,167 6,611 9,356
Business owner or tenant 7,585 Q 981 1,159 570 1,336 556 811 634 1,285
Property management 1,072 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
Other 4,904 Q 420 880 385 939 Q 473 345 1,125
Number of establishments                    
1 65,391 2,700 7,554 12,374 6,295 11,769 3,949 8,015 4,893 7,842
2 to 5 16,431 575 2,221 2,841 1,018 3,055 768 2,133 1,596 2,224
6 to 10 5,539 Q 890 934 377 1,120 334 454 463 686
11 to 20 3,894 Q 611 474 Q 971 Q 394 336 530
More than 20 3,999 Q 749 682 Q 808 Q 507 Q 537
Currently unoccupied 1,168 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
Campus or complex activity                    
Not part of a campus or complex 56,609 2,235 7,911 11,415 5,106 10,224 2,886 6,437 4,558 5,837
Primary or secondary school 5,106 Q 435 740 Q 745 472 895 269 1,024
College or university 3,761 Q 578 445 Q 813 Q Q 151 520
Office complex 3,823 Q 510 355 247 900 Q 441 338 748
Retail complex 4,573 Q 421 729 396 789 Q 724 544 678
Storage complex 5,684 Q 440 989 Q 907 Q 648 Q 817
Religious campus or complex 3,209 Q Q 399 Q 1,021 Q 524 Q Q
Health care complex 2,838 Q 402 728 183 332 Q 212 220 467
Lodging or resort complex 1,575 Q Q Q Q 287 Q Q Q Q
Transportation complex 774 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
Government complex 1,706 Q Q Q Q 290 Q Q Q 199
Other 6,765 326 826 1,204 680 1,324 Q 642 567 931
Predominant exterior wall material                    
Brick, stone, or stucco 46,134 1,368 6,711 8,051 3,564 9,299 3,103 5,933 3,674 4,430
Concrete (block or poured) 19,357 721 2,887 3,405 1,268 3,302 685 2,329 1,918 2,843
Concrete panels 8,331 Q 712 1,599 511 1,779 424 812 467 1,855
Siding or shingles 5,992 731 563 1,309 909 686 224 Q 312 1,044
Metal panels 12,198 448 699 2,486 1,892 2,108 822 1,969 700 1,075
Window glass 2,192 Q 324 298 Q 431 Q 194 311 351
Other 2,219 Q Q 413 Q 317 Q Q 298 356
Predominant roof material                    
Metal surfacing 20,936 577 1,276 3,260 2,441 4,521 1,571 3,660 1,213 2,417
Synthetic or rubber 31,563 1,548 5,482 5,923 2,732 5,873 1,397 2,579 2,827 3,203
Built-up 19,308 403 2,677 3,651 1,468 3,684 922 2,350 1,571 2,582
Slate or tile shingles 3,997 Q 471 729 Q 716 Q 415 Q 858
Wooden materials (including
shingles)		 1,568 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 423 390
Asphalt, fiberglass, or
other shingles		 14,058 724 1,627 3,289 1,239 2,071 985 1,532 1,016 1,575
Concrete 1,968 Q 229 Q Q 575 Q 232 Q 399
Other 3,026 Q 381 342 Q 412 Q 708 Q 528
Roof tilt                    
Flat 54,253 1,838 8,811 9,389 3,988 9,729 2,456 6,245 5,021 6,776
Shallow pitch 27,609 911 1,788 5,316 3,132 5,465 1,775 3,642 2,065 3,515
Steeper pitch 14,561 1,000 1,604 2,856 1,252 2,729 1,173 1,693 594 1,661
Cool roof characteristics (more than one may apply)                    
White/reflective coating or paint 32,799 658 3,110 4,783 2,844 6,403 1,791 4,276 3,709 5,226
White/reflective tiles or shingles 2,713 Q 377 392 Q 606 Q 418 Q 332
Aluminum coating 6,149 Q 827 692 264 1,578 467 1,055 348 630
Ballasted roof system 6,277 184 1,089 1,767 528 1,115 Q 391 815 270
Other cool roof property 1,603 Q Q Q Q 489 Q Q Q Q
Renovations since 2000
(more than one may apply)		                    
Any type of renovation 45,165 1,791 6,629 8,934 3,685 8,354 2,273 5,323 3,343 4,833
Addition or annex 10,854 468 1,425 2,744 1,274 1,719 560 1,131 783 751
Reduction in floorspace 1,784 Q 420 478 Q 332 Q Q Q Q
Roof replacement 20,862 880 3,514 4,306 1,627 3,914 1,039 2,312 1,367 1,903
Interior wall reconfiguration 21,283 744 3,465 4,659 1,679 3,809 871 2,395 1,701 1,961
Window replacement 10,977 646 2,021 2,374 890 1,810 399 916 970 953
HVAC equipment upgrade 27,575 1,277 4,616 5,243 2,009 5,131 1,353 3,150 2,113 2,681
Lighting upgrade 29,098 1,326 4,632 5,984 2,406 5,183 1,161 2,967 2,308 3,131
Electrical upgrade 15,761 898 2,973 3,325 1,160 2,647 737 1,541 1,132 1,347
Plumbing system upgrade 15,537 839 2,920 2,924 1,234 2,724 663 1,522 1,202 1,508
Insulation upgrade 7,980 391 1,865 1,569 486 1,270 375 760 795 468
Fire, safety, or security upgrade 19,985 976 3,422 4,018 1,653 3,509 803 2,258 1,399 1,947
Structural upgrade 4,203 223 822 915 235 556 Q 324 Q 466
Other 1,168 Q Q Q Q 312 Q 160 Q Q
No renovations 43,832 1,834 4,785 7,247 4,195 8,519 2,706 5,142 3,461 5,942
Buildings constructed 2013 or later 7,426 Q 789 1,379 492 1,050 Q 1,115 876 1,177
Energy sources
(more than one may apply)		                    
Electricity 94,844 3,737 12,074 17,374 8,114 17,732 5,272 11,349 7,411 11,781
Natural gas 67,722 1,861 9,470 14,491 5,919 10,285 4,122 7,488 5,948 8,138
Fuel oil 21,185 1,639 4,291 2,913 1,672 4,355 803 1,637 1,899 1,976
District heat 6,745 394 1,430 1,204 303 1,234 294 Q 401 883
District chilled water 4,288 Q 365 656 Q 1,027 Q 721 267 696
Propane 10,157 1,154 1,316 1,293 1,088 2,260 376 722 700 1,248
Solar   3,820 268 947 425 Q 378 Q Q 396 1,028
Wood, coal, and other 2,113 Q Q 412 Q 404 Q Q Q Q
Space-heating energy sources
(more than one may apply)		                    
Electricity 45,603 1,264 5,112 6,113 3,520 10,606 2,825 6,485 3,856 5,823
Natural gas 58,042 1,654 8,331 13,385 5,430 7,888 3,664 5,927 5,242 6,521
Fuel oil 4,134 763 1,752 395 315 544 Q Q Q Q
District heat 6,547 394 1,385 1,128 300 1,231 294 Q 373 874
Propane 3,896 633 Q 478 632 887 Q 274 Q 247
Other sources1 927 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
Primary space-heating
energy source		                    
Electricity 27,618 633 2,016 2,730 1,947 7,906 1,604 4,726 2,200 3,855
Natural gas 50,060 1,430 7,463 12,096 4,986 6,017 3,131 5,010 4,523 5,404
Fuel oil 2,223 642 990 Q N 261 Q Q Q Q
District heat 6,090 388 1,307 1,107 255 1,131 216 Q 362 797
Propane 2,290 453 Q 380 417 Q Q Q Q Q
Other sources1 380 Q Q Q Q Q N Q Q Q
Cooling energy sources
(more than one may apply)		                    
Electricity 84,526 3,052 11,002 15,064 7,096 16,474 4,985 10,446 6,790 9,616
Natural gas 400 Q Q Q Q Q Q N Q Q
District chilled water 4,288 Q 365 656 Q 1,027 Q 721 267 696
Water-heating energy sources
(more than one may apply)		                    
Electricity 47,125 1,809 5,855 6,941 3,940 10,835 2,833 6,166 3,155 5,590
Natural gas 46,652 1,124 5,854 10,193 3,926 6,826 2,546 5,461 4,486 6,237
Fuel oil 1,807 498 657 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
District heat 4,206 203 1,177 817 Q 668 Q Q 169 531
Propane 1,947 444 Q Q Q 608 Q Q Q Q
Cooking energy sources
(more than one may apply)		                    
Electricity 30,509 1,438 3,761 6,398 2,800 5,472 1,480 3,637 2,708 2,814
Natural gas 27,705 819 4,396 5,337 2,334 4,731 1,366 3,109 2,546 3,068
Propane 3,101 503 Q Q Q 963 Q Q Q 453
Energy end uses
(more than one may apply)		                    
Buildings with space heating 88,661 3,603 11,862 16,450 7,646 15,953 5,076 10,498 7,206 10,366
Buildings with cooling 87,506 3,162 11,395 15,447 7,130 17,134 5,118 11,003 6,911 10,206
Buildings with water heating 87,717 3,475 11,526 16,281 7,353 16,554 4,740 10,487 6,725 10,576
Buildings with cooking 43,580 2,050 6,020 8,315 3,967 7,981 2,116 5,079 3,538 4,513
Buildings with manufacturing 6,871 Q 789 1,489 813 1,006 307 754 599 923
Buildings with electricity generation 29,457 1,692 5,106 5,232 1,961 5,854 1,171 2,721 2,547 3,173
Buildings with lighting 94,122 3,737 12,023 17,100 8,096 17,649 5,078 11,334 7,390 11,716
Percentage of floorspace heated                    
Not heated 7,762 Q 340 1,111 726 1,970 328 1,082 474 1,586
1 to 50% 10,623 Q 770 1,210 451 2,299 872 1,650 611 2,436
51 to 99% 20,174 911 2,301 2,999 1,034 4,328 1,378 2,576 1,909 2,739
100% 57,864 2,368 8,790 12,241 6,161 9,327 2,826 6,273 4,687 5,191
Percentage of floorspace cooled                    
Not cooled 8,917 587 807 2,114 1,242 790 285 578 769 1,746
1 to 50% 19,722 862 2,762 3,696 1,731 3,360 1,249 1,910 1,126 3,026
51 to 99% 26,277 1,227 4,016 4,724 1,883 5,526 1,415 2,839 1,955 2,692
100% 41,507 1,073 4,618 7,027 3,516 8,247 2,455 6,253 3,831 4,488
Percentage lit when open                    
0% Q N N Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
1 to 50% 14,172 637 1,382 3,097 1,656 2,214 880 1,954 789 1,563
51 to 99% 38,847 1,736 4,714 7,250 3,318 7,431 1,879 4,547 3,095 4,876
100% 39,877 1,355 5,760 6,458 2,865 7,804 2,276 4,731 3,477 5,151
Building never open/electricity
not used		 2,998 Q 346 523 Q 422 Q 333 Q Q
Percentage lit during off hours                    
0% 15,537 760 1,475 2,922 1,383 2,538 1,084 1,797 966 2,612
1 to 50% 69,761 2,575 9,034 12,907 6,258 13,121 3,677 8,436 5,824 7,930
51 to 100% 7,237 395 1,080 1,092 432 1,501 389 888 484 975
Building always open with
no "off hours"		 2,309 Q 485 453 Q 572 Q Q Q 263
Electricity not used 1,579 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
Heating equipment
(more than one may apply)		                    
Packaged heating units 48,064 1,324 5,244 8,430 4,041 8,609 3,289 6,609 4,812 5,705
Furnaces 17,272 465 2,097 4,662 2,393 1,651 974 1,927 1,367 1,736
Individual space heaters 21,122 789 3,005 4,504 1,794 3,560 1,250 1,984 1,792 2,445
Boilers 28,831 1,725 5,661 5,899 2,715 4,174 1,100 2,172 2,528 2,857
Heat pumps 15,110 512 1,990 1,956 1,069 4,265 853 1,200 1,291 1,974
District heat 6,547 394 1,385 1,128 300 1,231 294 Q 373 874
Duct reheat 7,418 Q 841 1,209 484 2,401 Q 1,049 367 628
Other 821 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
Cooling equipment
(more than one may apply)		                    
Packaged air-conditioning units 56,290 2,051 7,314 9,518 4,501 10,417 3,683 7,224 4,733 6,849
Residential-type central air
conditioners		 18,270 799 1,991 4,404 2,283 3,118 936 2,175 1,027 1,536
Individual air conditioners 13,619 936 2,721 2,382 1,005 2,362 815 1,251 654 1,492
Central chillers 17,926 534 3,187 3,484 1,091 4,097 722 1,703 1,114 1,993
Heat pumps 11,098 550 1,844 1,149 885 3,046 616 508 1,072 1,428
District chilled water 4,288 Q 365 656 Q 1,027 Q 721 267 696
Swamp coolers 2,070 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 578 734
Other Q N Q N N Q Q Q Q Q
HVAC features
(more than one may apply)		                    
Economizer cycle 34,087 1,376 5,572 7,119 2,885 5,325 1,092 3,008 3,232 4,479
Variable air volume (VAV) system 29,268 960 4,234 5,726 2,233 5,961 980 3,239 2,621 3,313
Dedicated outside air system (DOAS) 9,027 449 1,294 1,367 836 2,099 361 965 Q 945
Demand controlled ventilation (DCV) 10,474 607 2,156 1,808 637 1,855 529 1,016 730 1,136
Regular HVAC maintenance 78,015 3,109 10,287 13,610 6,212 15,339 4,049 9,460 6,622 9,328
Building automation system (BAS) controls heating/cooling 40,462 1,702 5,963 7,180 2,893 7,931 1,671 4,744 3,552 4,826
Internet-connected/smart thermostat 5,966 Q 479 835 395 1,235 511 1,153 509 677
Programmable thermostat 20,882 763 2,970 4,022 1,824 3,074 1,077 2,286 1,723 3,143
Main equipment replaced since
2000 (more than one may apply)		                    
Heating 32,451 1,450 4,563 6,292 3,197 5,708 1,713 3,828 2,086 3,615
Cooling 23,013 1,167 4,141 4,534 1,650 4,113 1,170 2,353 1,604 2,282
Water-heating equipment                    
Centralized system 59,280 2,457 7,424 11,791 5,182 11,263 3,253 6,596 4,942 6,375
Distributed system 14,307 566 2,320 2,132 1,088 2,359 591 2,159 885 2,208
Combination of centralized and
distributed system		 14,129 452 1,782 2,359 1,083 2,933 896 1,732 899 1,993
Generation technologies (more than one may apply)                    
Reciprocating engine generator 25,163 1,427 4,344 4,571 1,763 5,408 1,034 2,458 2,116 2,042
Solar panels 3,750 264 947 414 Q 367 Q Q 396 988
Other generation technology 2,055 Q 342 533 Q Q Q Q Q 370
Lighting equipment types
(more than one may apply)		                    
Incandescent 21,081 803 3,333 4,176 1,754 4,035 1,159 2,080 1,364 2,376
Standard fluorescent 72,932 2,764 9,592 13,242 5,970 14,171 3,988 8,448 5,646 9,112
Compact fluorescent 33,696 1,370 4,948 6,470 2,537 6,481 1,361 3,653 2,541 4,335
High-intensity discharge (HID) 11,356 355 1,740 2,164 890 2,597 817 830 988 974
Halogen 15,012 491 2,091 2,276 1,021 3,011 839 2,087 1,366 1,832
LED 61,847 2,679 8,962 11,498 5,115 11,288 2,870 6,506 5,166 7,763
Other Q N N Q N Q N Q N Q
Refrigeration equipment
(more than one may apply)		                    
Any refrigeration 77,589 2,935 10,027 14,289 6,723 15,032 4,063 9,599 6,068 8,854
Walk-in units 29,384 1,268 4,225 5,494 2,549 5,989 1,317 3,063 2,505 2,974
Cases or cabinets 28,517 1,012 4,312 5,366 2,276 5,591 1,394 3,236 2,262 3,069
Large cold storage areas 3,592 Q 461 416 Q 829 Q 362 Q 459
Commercial ice makers 34,672 979 4,177 5,896 2,868 7,530 1,890 4,501 3,254 3,575
Residential-type or compact units 64,735 2,451 8,308 12,017 5,776 12,540 2,932 8,220 5,023 7,470
Vending machines 42,071 1,490 5,677 8,067 3,292 8,640 2,245 5,166 3,410 4,084
No refrigeration 18,834 814 2,175 3,272 1,649 2,892 1,340 1,982 1,612 3,098
Office equipment
(more than one may apply)		                    
Desktop computers 82,012 3,103 10,795 14,842 6,590 15,619 4,480 10,093 6,477 10,014
With multiple monitors 50,844 1,864 7,065 8,908 3,995 10,237 2,477 5,585 4,276 6,439
Laptop computers 69,375 2,722 9,277 13,173 5,625 13,183 3,635 8,299 5,327 8,133
Dedicated servers 51,595 1,993 7,482 9,701 4,024 9,151 2,427 6,133 4,161 6,524
Tablets charged in building 48,778 1,969 6,478 8,917 3,901 9,400 2,350 5,940 4,293 5,530
Large floor-standing office devices2 54,088 1,978 7,875 10,012 4,079 10,729 2,489 6,291 4,427 6,208
Smaller desktop office devices2 74,467 2,976 10,169 13,342 5,821 14,089 3,816 9,505 5,843 8,907
Interactive whiteboards 16,939 727 2,815 3,364 1,303 3,362 964 1,567 1,467 1,371
Televisions/video displays 63,618 2,413 8,910 11,140 5,028 12,207 3,208 8,231 5,216 7,266
Point-of-sales devices/cash registers 33,606 1,529 4,598 6,407 2,686 6,059 1,618 3,888 3,415 3,407
Food preparation or serving areas
in non-food service buildings
(more than one may apply)		                    
Snack bar/concession stand/coffee shop 10,361 329 1,285 1,998 936 2,019 340 1,011 1,106 1,337
Fast food/small restaurant 9,759 329 1,328 2,042 539 1,810 375 980 983 1,373
Cafeteria or large restaurant 14,531 725 2,436 3,041 1,208 2,752 635 1,450 1,202 1,081
Commercial kitchen/
food preparation area		 17,698 767 2,521 3,324 1,598 3,515 715 2,013 1,633 1,611
Small kitchen area 20,519 1,005 2,780 4,278 1,933 3,462 854 2,367 1,856 1,985
Separate computer areas
(more than one may apply)		                    
Server closet 48,722 1,755 7,024 8,989 3,555 9,145 2,417 5,939 4,104 5,794
Data center or server farm 11,383 455 2,114 2,303 733 1,910 422 1,077 982 1,387
Computer-based training room 16,556 461 2,484 3,089 1,421 3,003 736 2,006 1,782 1,575
Student or public computer center 12,527 389 1,884 2,158 1,043 2,192 618 1,825 1,125 1,293
Window and interior lighting
features (more than one may
apply)		                    
Multipaned windows 72,694 2,909 9,903 13,899 6,862 13,378 4,018 7,749 6,229 7,748
Tinted window glass 44,363 1,140 5,134 7,350 3,509 8,707 2,482 5,872 3,844 6,325
Reflective window glass 17,929 591 2,027 3,855 913 2,697 663 2,091 2,071 3,021
External overhangs or awnings 28,718 772 2,673 4,775 2,216 5,497 1,878 3,866 2,772 4,270
Skylights or atriums 19,815 777 2,415 3,783 1,445 3,563 643 2,179 1,869 3,141
Light scheduling 33,552 1,339 4,965 5,961 2,136 6,381 1,142 3,999 3,220 4,410
Occupancy sensors 44,304 1,953 7,056 8,713 3,056 8,295 1,674 4,075 3,607 5,876
Multi-level lighting or dimming 14,424 560 1,629 3,367 1,054 2,826 356 1,314 1,714 1,604
Daylight harvesting 7,244 265 1,085 1,120 270 1,523 239 726 778 1,239
Plug-load control 1,961 Q Q 456 Q 421 Q Q Q 312
Demand responsive lighting 2,045 Q 288 570 Q 381 Q Q Q 333
Building automation system (BAS) for lighting 16,645 669 2,043 2,566 1,107 3,428 623 2,002 1,678 2,527
Electric vehicle (EV) charging                    
Charging stations associated with the building 10,165 355 1,303 1,740 343 2,399 381 568 1,131 1,944
 
Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-871A of the 2018 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey
Notes: Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. The Guide to the 2018 CBECS Tables and CBECS Terminology contain definitions of terms used in these tables and comparisons between previous CBECS tables. You can access both references from http://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/.
Data are sample survey estimates with RSEs published in a tab on the Excel worksheet for this table.
aClimate zones are based on ASHRAE Standard 169-2021; see https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/maps.php#defined.
bOther sources includes wood, coal, solar, and all other energy sources.
cOffice devices refers to any combination of printers, copiers, scanners, or FAX machines.
Q = Data withheld either because the relative standard error (RSE) was greater than 50% or fewer than 20 buildings in reporting sample.
N = No buildings in reporting sample.