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Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS)

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‹ BACK TO ALL 2018 CBECS TABLES

Release date: September 2021
Revised date: September 2022
Table B22.  Energy end uses, floorspace, 2018
Total floorspace (million square feet)
Energy  used for (more than  one may apply)
  All
buildings		 Space
heating		 Cooling Water
heating		 Cooking Manu-
facturing		 Electricity gener-
ation		 Lighting
All buildings 96,423 88,661 87,506 87,717 43,580 6,871 29,457 94,122
Building floorspace (square feet)                
1,001 to 5,000  8,025 6,322 5,704 5,721 2,020 392 556 7,306
5,001 to 10,000  10,204 8,191 7,781 7,987 2,960 388 1,212 9,306
10,001 to 25,000 15,838 14,194 13,940 13,843 4,932 1,096 2,478 15,445
25,001 to 50,000 13,957 13,237 13,151 13,137 5,778 1,282 2,886 13,812
50,001 to 100,000  15,302 14,609 14,841 14,721 7,387 1,214 4,755 15,269
100,001 to 200,000  13,003 12,603 12,645 12,628 7,750 854 5,180 12,959
200,001 to 500,000  11,776 11,304 11,129 11,542 6,950 781 6,041 11,708
Over 500,000  8,317 8,201 8,317 8,137 5,803 864 6,347 8,317
Principal building activity                
Education 13,623 13,386 13,324 13,228 9,616 301 4,542 13,623
Food sales  1,006 919 916 986 816 Q 370 1,006
Food service  1,385 1,274 1,343 1,385 1,358 Q Q 1,385
Health care  4,018 4,006 4,009 4,014 2,437 Q 2,864 4,018
Inpatient  2,259 2,249 2,259 2,256 2,109 Q 2,241 2,259
Outpatient  1,760 1,757 1,750 1,757 328 Q 623 1,760
Lodging  6,976 6,850 6,907 6,904 5,527 Q 2,908 6,976
Mercantile  10,781 10,538 10,500 10,227 5,942 412 2,497 10,776
Retail (other than mall)  5,193 5,031 4,912 4,639 1,683 Q 690 5,188
Enclosed and strip malls  5,588 5,507 5,588 5,588 4,259 Q 1,807 5,588
Office  16,662 16,300 16,380 16,332 6,096 746 6,793 16,662
Public assembly  7,192 6,825 6,775 7,023 4,119 Q 2,336 7,192
Public order and safety  1,538 1,507 1,519 1,528 1,008 Q 1,044 1,538
Religious worship  5,471 5,311 5,315 5,282 3,955 Q 427 5,471
Service  6,240 5,211 4,418 4,914 498 915 1,134 6,139
Warehouse and storage  17,483 13,538 13,180 13,273 1,431 3,191 3,283 15,713
Other  2,435 2,211 2,233 2,175 722 538 926 2,393
Vacant  1,612 785 686 444 Q Q Q 1,228
Year constructed                
Before 1920 3,600 3,413 3,019 3,297 1,446 Q 662 3,535
1920 to 1945 5,646 5,212 5,042 5,144 2,848 Q 1,703 5,547
1946 to 1959 6,937 6,525 6,151 6,479 3,401 465 1,526 6,744
1960 to 1969 10,360 9,782 9,369 9,520 5,017 584 2,737 10,213
1970 to 1979 13,061 11,792 11,888 11,726 5,196 1,313 3,892 12,872
1980 to 1989 13,465 12,447 12,648 12,397 6,230 892 4,234 13,298
1990 to 1999 15,535 13,947 13,966 13,593 6,542 1,071 4,337 14,896
2000 to 2009 17,500 16,005 16,243 16,142 8,800 1,351 6,243 17,082
2010 to 2018 10,319 9,537 9,180 9,418 4,101 721 4,123 9,935
Census region and division                
Northeast 15,951 15,465 14,557 15,001 8,071 979 6,798 15,760
New England  3,749 3,603 3,162 3,475 2,050 Q 1,692 3,737
Middle Atlantic 12,202 11,862 11,395 11,526 6,020 789 5,106 12,023
Midwest 25,932 24,096 22,577 23,634 12,282 2,302 7,193 25,196
East North Central 17,561 16,450 15,447 16,281 8,315 1,489 5,232 17,100
West North Central 8,372 7,646 7,130 7,353 3,967 813 1,961 8,096
South 34,907 31,527 33,255 31,781 15,176 2,067 9,746 34,060
South Atlantic  17,923 15,953 17,134 16,554 7,981 1,006 5,854 17,649
East South Central 5,404 5,076 5,118 4,740 2,116 307 1,171 5,078
West South Central 11,580 10,498 11,003 10,487 5,079 754 2,721 11,334
West 19,633 17,572 17,118 17,301 8,051 1,522 5,720 19,106
Mountain 7,680 7,206 6,911 6,725 3,538 599 2,547 7,390
Pacific 11,952 10,366 10,206 10,576 4,513 923 3,173 11,716
Climate zonea                
Cold or very cold 7,044 6,641 5,725 6,499 3,354 876 1,791 6,884
Cool 26,768 25,143 23,165 24,430 13,086 2,007 8,415 26,136
Mixed mild 25,096 24,088 23,604 23,820 11,957 1,420 9,839 24,588
Warm 25,085 23,099 23,176 22,553 9,485 1,684 6,079 24,312
Hot or very hot 12,429 9,690 11,837 10,415 5,698 884 3,334 12,202
Number of workers (main shift)                
Fewer than 5 21,065 16,046 14,399 14,430 5,553 786 2,014 18,825
5 to 9 10,323 9,623 9,436 9,758 3,283 649 1,415 10,285
10 to 19 11,348 10,610 10,766 10,648 4,452 1,257 1,784 11,346
20 to 49 16,132 15,662 15,877 15,931 7,152 1,530 4,560 16,132
50 to 99 12,961 12,454 12,630 12,602 6,967 779 4,741 12,961
100 to 249 12,442 12,281 12,331 12,359 7,878 1,144 5,909 12,422
250 or more 12,152 11,986 12,068 11,988 8,295 726 9,034 12,152
Weekly operating hours                
Fewer than 40 10,776 8,818 8,222 8,335 3,872 437 1,121 9,989
40 to 48 18,826 17,422 16,866 16,842 6,292 2,051 3,973 18,640
49 to 60 22,845 21,477 21,186 21,403 8,983 1,675 6,172 22,739
61 to 84 14,727 13,875 13,733 14,045 7,083 890 4,613 14,592
85 to 167 10,038 9,325 9,540 9,324 4,973 737 4,086 9,621
Open continuously 19,213 17,743 17,960 17,767 12,377 1,081 9,491 18,541
Ownership and occupancy                
Nongovernment owned 74,728 67,980 66,906 67,295 30,621 6,133 20,191 72,498
Owner occupied 45,355 41,507 40,664 41,291 20,384 3,649 12,695 44,295
Leased to tenant(s) 28,382 26,113 25,950 25,847 10,219 2,483 7,442 27,573
Unoccupied 990 360 292 Q Q N Q 630
Government owned 21,695 20,680 20,600 20,422 12,959 738 9,266 21,624
Federal 1,946 1,868 1,811 1,838 926 Q 963 1,946
State 6,888 6,567 6,591 6,524 3,696 250 2,778 6,841
Local 12,861 12,246 12,198 12,060 8,337 331 5,526 12,836
Energy sources
(more than one may apply)		                
Electricity 94,844 88,661 87,506 87,712 43,580 6,871 29,441 94,122
Natural gas 67,722 67,111 65,200 66,205 36,167 5,261 23,977 67,520
Fuel oil 21,185 20,667 20,304 20,659 12,946 1,356 18,298 21,185
District heat 6,745 6,726 6,554 6,657 3,553 284 3,848 6,745
District chilled water 4,288 4,239 4,288 4,232 2,041 Q 2,298 4,288
Propane 10,157 9,406 9,237 9,525 5,559 1,319 3,533 10,137
Solar 3,820 3,624 3,743 3,669 2,558 Q 3,784 3,803
Wood, coal, and other 2,113 2,028 1,807 1,897 930 Q 1,272 2,113
Energy end uses
(more than one may apply)		                
Buildings with space heating 88,661 88,661 84,736 85,109 42,729 6,359 28,753 88,417
Buildings with cooling 87,506 84,736 87,506 83,999 42,865 6,182 28,853 87,336
Buildings with water heating 87,717 85,109 83,999 87,717 43,488 6,441 28,818 87,621
Buildings with cooking 43,580 42,729 42,865 43,488 43,580 2,283 18,616 43,565
Buildings with manufacturing 6,871 6,359 6,182 6,441 2,283 6,871 1,962 6,871
Buildings with electricity
generation		 29,457 28,753 28,853 28,818 18,616 1,962 29,457 29,318
Buildings with lighting 94,122 88,417 87,336 87,621 43,565 6,871 29,318 94,122
Food preparation or serving areas
in non-food service buildings
(more than one may apply)		                
Snack bar/concession stand/coffee shop 10,361 10,276 10,265 10,333 10,306 547 6,245 10,361
Fast food/small restaurant 9,759 9,584 9,622 9,756 9,743 516 4,954 9,759
Cafeteria/large restaurant 14,531 14,325 14,362 14,502 14,345 522 8,538 14,531
Commercial kitchen/
food preparation area		 17,698 17,479 17,562 17,685 17,614 919 9,120 17,698
Small kitchen area 20,519 20,231 20,195 20,437 20,351 1,207 8,311 20,503
Separate computer areas
(more than one may apply)		                
Server closet 48,722 47,558 47,975 48,011 26,728 3,267 20,623 48,722
Data center or server farm 11,383 11,263 11,353 11,280 7,293 996 7,966 11,383
Computer-based training room 16,556 16,342 16,467 16,503 11,245 1,101 9,229 16,556
Student or public computer center 12,527 12,452 12,378 12,497 9,652 326 5,889 12,527
Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-871A of the 2018 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey
Notes: Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. The Guide to the 2018 CBECS Tables and CBECS Terminology contain definitions of terms used in these tables and comparisons between previous CBECS tables. You can access both references from http://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/.
Data are sample survey estimates with RSEs published in a tab on the Excel worksheet for this table.
aClimate zones are based on ASHRAE Standard 169-2021; see https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/maps.php#defined.
Q = Data withheld either because the relative standard error (RSE) was greater than 50% or fewer than 20 buildings in reporting sample.
N = No buildings in reporting sample.