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Release
date: September 2021 Revised date: September 2022 |
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Table B19. Energy sources, number of buildings, 2018 | ||||||||||
Number of buildings (thousand) | ||||||||||
Buildings using any energy source |
Energy sources used (more than one may apply) | |||||||||
All buildings |
Elec- tricity |
Natural gas |
Fuel oil |
District heat |
District chilled water |
Propane | Solar | Wood, coal, and other | ||
All buildings | 5,918 | 5,619 | 5,613 | 2,974 | 583 | 86 | 55 | 676 | 99 | 180 |
Building floorspace (square feet) | ||||||||||
1,001 to 5,000 | 2,833 | 2,635 | 2,631 | 1,123 | 242 | Q | Q | 358 | Q | 76 |
5,001 to 10,000 | 1,359 | 1,290 | 1,288 | 679 | 104 | Q | Q | 140 | Q | 71 |
10,001 to 25,000 | 981 | 949 | 949 | 595 | 107 | Q | Q | 110 | 29 | Q |
25,001 to 50,000 | 386 | 385 | 385 | 291 | 48 | 10 | 8 | 35 | 10 | Q |
50,001 to 100,000 | 218 | 217 | 217 | 171 | 39 | 15 | 11 | 19 | 5 | Q |
100,001 to 200,000 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 75 | 23 | 7 | 6 | 8 | 5 | Q |
200,001 to 500,000 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 33 | 14 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 2 | Q |
Over 500,000 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Q |
Principal building activity | ||||||||||
Education | 437 | 437 | 437 | 216 | 34 | 39 | 29 | 51 | 14 | Q |
Food sales | 163 | 163 | 163 | 90 | Q | N | N | Q | Q | Q |
Food service | 286 | 286 | 286 | 203 | Q | Q | Q | 48 | Q | Q |
Health care | 137 | 137 | 137 | 77 | 20 | 2 | 2 | 6 | Q | Q |
Inpatient | 9 | 9 | 9 | 7 | 8 | 1 | 1 | Q | Q | Q |
Outpatient | 129 | 129 | 129 | 70 | 13 | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
Lodging | 207 | 207 | 207 | 138 | 32 | 9 | 3 | 26 | Q | Q |
Mercantile | 517 | 517 | 513 | 328 | 29 | Q | N | 51 | 10 | Q |
Retail (other than mall) | 350 | 350 | 346 | 172 | 25 | Q | N | Q | Q | Q |
Enclosed and strip malls | 167 | 167 | 167 | 156 | Q | N | N | 20 | Q | Q |
Office | 970 | 970 | 970 | 549 | 102 | 10 | 7 | 59 | 17 | Q |
Public assembly | 488 | 488 | 488 | 275 | 44 | 13 | 8 | 75 | 16 | Q |
Public order and safety | 81 | 81 | 81 | 54 | 29 | Q | Q | Q | Q | N |
Religious worship | 439 | 439 | 439 | 259 | 32 | Q | Q | 96 | Q | Q |
Service | 867 | 866 | 866 | 382 | 153 | Q | N | 107 | Q | 94 |
Warehouse and storage | 1,004 | 794 | 792 | 320 | 52 | Q | Q | 83 | Q | Q |
Other | 113 | 108 | 108 | 53 | 18 | 3 | 2 | Q | Q | Q |
Vacant | 208 | 124 | 124 | 30 | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | N |
Year constructed | ||||||||||
Before 1920 | 329 | 323 | 323 | 184 | 54 | Q | Q | 49 | Q | Q |
1920 to 1945 | 379 | 368 | 368 | 172 | 52 | 11 | 3 | 65 | Q | Q |
1946 to 1959 | 517 | 496 | 496 | 310 | 56 | 20 | Q | 52 | Q | Q |
1960 to 1969 | 685 | 673 | 673 | 420 | 57 | 14 | 10 | 61 | 19 | Q |
1970 to 1979 | 831 | 787 | 787 | 400 | 87 | 8 | 6 | 115 | Q | 25 |
1980 to 1989 | 794 | 752 | 752 | 372 | 69 | 6 | 4 | 85 | 21 | Q |
1990 to 1999 | 921 | 844 | 844 | 412 | 73 | 8 | 10 | 113 | 14 | Q |
2000 to 2009 | 924 | 860 | 860 | 454 | 94 | 6 | 6 | 91 | 21 | Q |
2010 to 2018 | 537 | 514 | 508 | 250 | 41 | 4 | 4 | 45 | 11 | Q |
Census region and division | ||||||||||
Northeast | 793 | 773 | 769 | 373 | 230 | 29 | 5 | 157 | 20 | 47 |
New England | 275 | 274 | 274 | 65 | 103 | 16 | Q | 101 | 9 | Q |
Middle Atlantic | 518 | 500 | 496 | 308 | 127 | 13 | 3 | 56 | 11 | Q |
Midwest | 1,719 | 1,647 | 1,647 | 982 | 120 | 15 | 3 | 225 | 14 | 61 |
East North Central | 1,110 | 1,074 | 1,074 | 712 | 69 | 10 | 3 | 86 | 4 | 37 |
West North Central | 609 | 573 | 573 | 270 | Q | Q | Q | 139 | Q | Q |
South | 2,143 | 2,011 | 2,011 | 894 | 144 | 25 | 33 | 219 | 12 | 45 |
South Atlantic | 1,034 | 987 | 987 | 361 | 83 | Q | 18 | 138 | 5 | 27 |
East South Central | 347 | 313 | 313 | 200 | 18 | Q | Q | 25 | Q | Q |
West South Central | 762 | 711 | 711 | 333 | 42 | 8 | 11 | 56 | Q | Q |
West | 1,264 | 1,188 | 1,186 | 725 | 89 | 17 | 14 | 75 | 53 | 26 |
Mountain | 484 | 431 | 431 | 292 | 45 | 3 | 2 | 18 | Q | Q |
Pacific | 780 | 757 | 755 | 433 | 44 | 14 | 12 | 57 | 47 | Q |
Climate zonea | ||||||||||
Cold or very cold | 539 | 513 | 511 | 249 | 65 | 9 | Q | 135 | Q | Q |
Cool | 1,727 | 1,648 | 1,644 | 972 | 239 | 22 | 5 | 225 | 15 | 85 |
Mixed mild | 1,216 | 1,169 | 1,169 | 634 | 146 | 26 | 13 | 140 | 26 | 24 |
Warm | 1,606 | 1,495 | 1,495 | 869 | 86 | 25 | 23 | 105 | 31 | 38 |
Hot or very hot | 831 | 794 | 794 | 251 | 48 | 4 | 13 | 71 | 22 | Q |
Number of workers (main shift) | ||||||||||
Fewer than 5 | 3,270 | 2,974 | 2,968 | 1,264 | 299 | Q | Q | 391 | 35 | 114 |
5 to 9 | 1,116 | 1,113 | 1,113 | 635 | 77 | 15 | Q | 117 | Q | Q |
10 to 19 | 713 | 713 | 713 | 470 | 60 | 15 | Q | 100 | Q | Q |
20 to 49 | 492 | 492 | 492 | 365 | 65 | 12 | 9 | 46 | 17 | 19 |
50 to 99 | 201 | 201 | 201 | 138 | 38 | 8 | 9 | 14 | 9 | Q |
100 to 249 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 75 | 23 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | Q |
250 or more | 37 | 37 | 37 | 27 | 20 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 2 | Q |
Weekly operating hours | ||||||||||
Fewer than 40 | 1,370 | 1,237 | 1,233 | 551 | 104 | Q | Q | 194 | Q | Q |
40 to 48 | 1,483 | 1,473 | 1,473 | 756 | 161 | 13 | 7 | 128 | 24 | 46 |
49 to 60 | 1,250 | 1,231 | 1,231 | 681 | 116 | 25 | 16 | 148 | 22 | 52 |
61 to 84 | 645 | 618 | 618 | 396 | 64 | 19 | 15 | 56 | 11 | 27 |
85 to 167 | 465 | 421 | 421 | 255 | 26 | 6 | 4 | 55 | 10 | Q |
Open continuously | 705 | 639 | 637 | 335 | 112 | 15 | 7 | 93 | 23 | 16 |
Ownership and occupancy | ||||||||||
Nongovernment owned | 4,982 | 4,699 | 4,693 | 2,502 | 442 | 53 | 25 | 596 | 62 | 172 |
Owner occupied | 3,249 | 3,110 | 3,104 | 1,637 | 337 | 48 | 23 | 434 | 44 | 143 |
Leased to tenant(s) | 1,581 | 1,511 | 1,511 | 844 | 105 | Q | 2 | 140 | 18 | 29 |
Unoccupied | 152 | 78 | 78 | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | N |
Government owned | 937 | 920 | 920 | 471 | 140 | 34 | 30 | 79 | 37 | Q |
Federal | 70 | 70 | 70 | 20 | 6 | Q | 0 | Q | Q | Q |
State | 256 | 246 | 246 | 139 | 37 | 26 | 26 | 17 | 10 | Q |
Local | 610 | 603 | 603 | 312 | 98 | 5 | 4 | 42 | 26 | Q |
Energy
sources (more than one may apply) |
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Electricity | 5,613 | 5,613 | 5,613 | 2,974 | 583 | 86 | 55 | 671 | 97 | 180 |
Natural gas | 2,974 | 2,974 | 2,974 | 2,974 | 217 | 38 | 31 | 106 | 68 | 76 |
Fuel oil | 583 | 583 | 583 | 217 | 583 | 14 | 7 | 83 | 4 | 41 |
District heat | 86 | 86 | 86 | 38 | 14 | 86 | 40 | Q | 5 | Q |
District chilled water | 55 | 55 | 55 | 31 | 7 | 40 | 55 | Q | 3 | Q |
Propane | 676 | 676 | 671 | 106 | 83 | Q | Q | 676 | 9 | 41 |
Solar | 99 | 99 | 97 | 68 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 9 | 99 | Q |
Wood, coal, and other | 180 | 180 | 180 | 76 | 41 | Q | Q | 41 | Q | 180 |
Energy
end uses (more than one may apply) |
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Buildings with space heating | 4,901 | 4,901 | 4,901 | 2,933 | 561 | 85 | 49 | 621 | 84 | 178 |
Buildings with cooling | 4,631 | 4,631 | 4,631 | 2,728 | 455 | 74 | 55 | 526 | 95 | 122 |
Buildings with water heating | 4,595 | 4,595 | 4,590 | 2,786 | 501 | 84 | 51 | 564 | 88 | 129 |
Buildings with cooking | 1,738 | 1,738 | 1,738 | 1,168 | 199 | 19 | 10 | 285 | 52 | 34 |
Buildings with manufacturing | 322 | 322 | 322 | 187 | 52 | 1 | Q | 48 | Q | Q |
Buildings
with electricity generation |
706 | 706 | 704 | 462 | 343 | 20 | 14 | 98 | 94 | 68 |
Buildings with lighting | 5,509 | 5,509 | 5,509 | 2,955 | 583 | 86 | 55 | 668 | 97 | 180 |
Food
preparation or serving areas in non-food service buildings (more than one may apply) |
||||||||||
Snack bar/concession stand/coffee shop | 144 | 144 | 144 | 104 | 19 | 4 | 3 | 17 | 10 | Q |
Fast food/small restaurant | 160 | 160 | 160 | 120 | 20 | 3 | 1 | 19 | 11 | Q |
Cafeteria/large restaurant | 129 | 129 | 129 | 103 | 27 | 4 | 3 | 19 | 6 | Q |
Commercial
kitchen/ food preparation area |
284 | 284 | 284 | 234 | 46 | 5 | 4 | 49 | 11 | 6 |
Small kitchen area | 1,018 | 1,018 | 1,018 | 625 | 119 | 10 | 6 | 170 | 28 | Q |
Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-871A of the 2018 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey Notes: Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. The Guide to the 2018 CBECS Tables and CBECS Terminology contain definitions of terms used in these tables and comparisons between previous CBECS tables. You can access both references from http://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/. Data are sample survey estimates with RSEs published in a tab on the Excel worksheet for this table. aClimate zones are based on ASHRAE Standard 169-2021; see https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/maps.php#defined. Q = Data withheld either because the relative standard error (RSE) was greater than 50% or fewer than 20 buildings in reporting sample. N = No buildings in reporting sample. |