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Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS)

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Release date: September 2021
Revised date: September 2022
Table B18.  Occupancy of nongovernment-owned and government-owned buildings, floorspace, 2018
Total floorspace (million square feet)
Nongovernment-owned buildings Government-owned buildings
  All
buildings		 All
buildings		 Owner occupied Leased to
tenant(s)		 Unocc-upied All
buildings		 Federal State Local
All buildings 96,423 74,728 45,355 28,382 990 21,695 1,946 6,888 12,861
Building floorspace (square feet)                  
1,001 to 5,000  8,025 6,785 4,505 2,022 258 1,240 Q 324 820
5,001 to 10,000  10,204 8,799 5,966 2,537 Q 1,406 Q Q 941
10,001 to 25,000 15,838 13,682 8,912 4,701 Q 2,157 Q 520 1,501
25,001 to 50,000 13,957 11,612 7,483 4,029 Q 2,345 Q 681 1,373
50,001 to 100,000  15,302 10,026 5,716 4,193 Q 5,276 Q 1,957 3,065
100,001 to 200,000  13,003 8,889 4,856 3,980 Q 4,113 Q 1,237 2,656
200,001 to 500,000  11,776 8,397 3,823 4,493 Q 3,379 258 1,178 1,943
Over 500,000  8,317 6,538 4,094 2,427 Q 1,779 624 593 562
Principal building activity                  
Education 13,623 3,015 2,603 412 N 10,608 Q 3,178 7,313
Food sales  1,006 1,006 708 298 N N N N N
Food service  1,385 1,098 663 435 N Q Q Q Q
Health care  4,018 3,556 2,812 744 N 462 173 Q 158
Inpatient  2,259 1,893 1,776 Q N 365 Q Q Q
Outpatient  1,760 1,663 1,036 627 N Q Q Q Q
Lodging  6,976 6,564 4,574 1,990 N 412 Q Q Q
Mercantile  10,781 10,766 4,455 6,312 N Q Q Q Q
Retail (other than mall)  5,193 5,178 3,005 2,173 N Q Q Q Q
Enclosed and strip malls  5,588 5,588 1,450 4,138 N N N N N
Office  16,662 13,301 6,701 6,600 N 3,361 762 1,035 1,563
Public assembly  7,192 4,418 3,743 675 N 2,774 Q 1,001 1,709
Public order and safety  1,538 Q Q Q N 1,269 Q 457 731
Religious worship  5,471 5,471 5,308 Q N N N N N
Service  6,240 5,115 3,252 1,863 N 1,125 344 Q 626
Warehouse and storage  17,483 16,866 8,867 7,999 N 616 237 Q Q
Other  2,435 1,877 1,356 521 N 558 Q 297 Q
Vacant  1,612 1,403 Q 278 990 208 Q Q Q
Year constructed                  
Before 1920 3,600 2,805 2,215 461 Q 795 Q Q 585
1920 to 1945 5,646 3,733 2,710 990 Q 1,913 276 647 991
1946 to 1959 6,937 4,584 3,159 1,297 Q 2,353 Q 747 1,456
1960 to 1969 10,360 7,492 4,816 2,591 Q 2,868 361 1,126 1,381
1970 to 1979 13,061 10,354 6,265 3,916 Q 2,707 241 1,064 1,402
1980 to 1989 13,465 11,390 6,230 4,978 Q 2,075 Q 644 1,344
1990 to 1999 15,535 12,124 7,435 4,607 Q 3,411 351 879 2,181
2000 to 2009 17,500 13,822 7,929 5,801 Q 3,678 Q 1,117 2,339
2010 to 2018 10,319 8,425 4,597 3,740 Q 1,894 Q 514 1,183
Census region                  
Northeast 15,951 12,696 7,704 4,824 Q 3,255 288 919 2,048
Midwest 25,932 20,467 12,897 7,282 Q 5,466 406 1,329 3,730
South 34,907 26,255 16,788 9,140 326 8,653 914 3,215 4,523
West 19,633 15,311 7,966 7,136 Q 4,322 337 1,425 2,559
Climate zonea                  
Cold or very cold 7,044 5,422 3,703 1,713 Q 1,622 Q 362 1,124
Cool 26,768 21,279 13,668 7,273 Q 5,490 451 1,387 3,652
Mixed mild 25,096 19,123 11,102 7,768 Q 5,973 715 1,920 3,338
Warm 25,085 19,442 11,694 7,489 258 5,644 495 2,275 2,875
Hot or very hot 12,429 9,462 5,187 4,139 Q 2,967 Q 946 1,872
Number of floors                  
1 43,576 35,603 19,481 15,632 491 7,973 605 2,272 5,096
2 23,300 17,831 11,293 6,275 Q 5,468 426 1,263 3,779
3 10,516 7,246 5,458 1,685 Q 3,270 Q 1,233 1,930
4 to 9 13,031 9,082 6,089 2,875 Q 3,949 366 1,882 1,700
10 or more 6,000 4,965 3,035 1,915 Q 1,035 442 238 355
Elevators and escalators
(more than one may apply)		                  
Any elevators 36,501 24,874 16,394 8,196 Q 11,627 1,268 4,035 6,324
1 elevator 14,215 9,031 6,495 2,451 Q 5,185 317 1,528 3,340
2 to 5 elevators 13,316 9,098 5,339 3,586 Q 4,218 299 1,759 2,160
6 or more elevators 8,970 6,745 4,560 2,158 Q 2,225 652 749 824
Any escalators 3,753 2,548 1,672 873 Q 1,204 Q Q 453
Number of workers (main shift)                  
Fewer than 5 21,065 18,284 12,933 4,361 990 2,781 Q 815 1,825
5 to 9 10,323 8,906 5,916 2,990 N 1,416 Q 528 762
10 to 19 11,348 9,689 6,468 3,221 N 1,658 Q 657 918
20 to 49 16,132 12,295 6,783 5,513 N 3,837 Q 963 2,595
50 to 99 12,961 7,926 3,703 4,223 N 5,035 Q 1,838 2,942
100 to 249 12,442 8,277 3,932 4,344 N 4,166 291 1,230 2,644
250 or more 12,152 9,349 5,620 3,730 N 2,802 769 858 1,175
Weekly operating hours                  
Fewer than 40 10,776 8,998 6,228 1,779 990 1,777 Q 559 1,163
40 to 48 18,826 13,203 8,293 4,910 N 5,622 460 1,531 3,632
49 to 60 22,845 16,464 9,088 7,376 N 6,381 344 1,662 4,374
61 to 84 14,727 11,711 6,112 5,599 N 3,016 156 1,127 1,733
85 to 167 10,038 8,380 4,587 3,794 N 1,658 Q 686 722
Open continuously 19,213 15,971 11,048 4,923 N 3,242 683 1,323 1,236
Party responsible for operation
of energy systems		                  
Building owner 79,282 58,825 42,692 15,248 885 20,456 1,786 6,558 12,113
Business owner or tenant 12,842 12,374 1,610 10,659 Q 468 Q Q 341
Property management 1,994 1,725 393 1,331 N Q Q Q Q
Other 2,306 1,804 660 1,144 N 502 Q Q Q
Provider of direct input on energy-
related equipment purchases		                  
Building owner 82,862 62,229 43,086 18,267 876 20,633 1,797 6,569 12,267
Business owner or tenant 7,585 7,346 877 6,372 Q 240 Q Q Q
Property management 1,072 914 Q 638 N Q Q Q Q
Other 4,904 4,239 1,117 3,105 Q 664 Q Q 322
Number of establishments                  
One 65,391 47,362 34,023 13,339 N 18,029 1,282 5,949 10,798
2 to 5 16,431 14,253 7,090 7,163 N 2,178 329 695 1,154
6 to 10 5,539 4,968 1,683 3,285 N 571 Q Q 431
11 to 20 3,894 3,630 902 2,728 N 264 Q Q Q
More than 20 3,999 3,523 1,657 1,867 N 475 Q Q Q
Currently unoccupied 1,168 990 N N 990 Q Q Q Q
Campus or complex activity                  
Not part of a campus or complex 56,609 45,678 26,618 18,341 719 10,931 917 2,653 7,361
Primary or secondary school 5,106 574 513 Q Q 4,532 Q 1,216 3,257
College or university 3,761 1,777 1,506 Q N 1,984 N 1,935 Q
Office complex 3,823 3,416 1,545 1,812 Q 406 Q Q Q
Retail complex 4,573 4,566 1,833 2,659 Q Q N N Q
Storage complex 5,684 5,550 3,022 2,512 Q Q Q Q Q
Religious campus or complex 3,209 3,209 3,084 Q Q N N N N
Health care complex 2,838 2,467 2,128 330 Q 370 Q Q Q
Lodging or resort complex 1,575 1,530 1,019 472 Q Q Q Q Q
Transportation complex 774 Q Q Q N 377 N Q 313
Government complex 1,706 Q Q Q N 1,683 400 298 985
Other 6,765 5,540 3,733 1,768 Q 1,225 Q 497 615
Predominant exterior wall material                  
Brick, stone, or stucco 46,134 31,870 20,400 11,097 374 14,263 1,166 4,468 8,629
Concrete (block or poured) 19,357 15,802 9,172 6,341 289 3,555 217 1,101 2,237
Concrete panels 8,331 7,177 3,181 3,970 Q 1,154 Q 410 501
Siding or shingles 5,992 5,385 3,941 1,328 Q 608 Q Q 374
Metal panels 12,198 10,689 6,777 3,771 Q 1,509 Q 516 773
Window glass 2,192 1,752 755 974 Q 440 Q Q Q
Other 2,219 2,053 1,130 901 Q 166 Q Q Q
Predominant roof material                  
Metal surfacing 20,936 16,696 10,855 5,511 329 4,240 Q 1,146 2,838
Synthetic or rubber 31,563 23,760 13,301 10,212 Q 7,803 712 2,388 4,702
Built-up 19,308 13,664 7,688 5,814 Q 5,644 450 1,906 3,288
Slate or tile shingles 3,997 3,200 2,242 886 Q 797 Q Q 409
Wooden materials (including
shingles)		 1,568 1,432 855 563 Q Q Q Q Q
Asphalt, fiberglass, or
other shingles		 14,058 12,219 8,546 3,535 Q 1,839 226 553 1,060
Concrete 1,968 1,405 645 760 N 563 Q 319 Q
Other 3,026 2,352 1,223 1,101 Q 674 Q Q 330
Roof tilt                  
Flat 54,253 39,943 21,658 17,779 506 14,310 1,336 4,600 8,374
Shallow pitch 27,609 22,956 14,376 8,278 302 4,653 430 1,362 2,861
Steeper pitch 14,561 11,829 9,321 2,325 Q 2,732 Q 927 1,625
Cool roof characteristics (more than one may apply)                  
White/reflective coating or paint 32,799 25,611 14,119 11,233 Q 7,188 638 2,293 4,257
White/reflective tiles or shingles 2,713 2,002 1,348 642 Q 711 Q 293 348
Aluminum coating 6,149 4,988 3,058 1,834 Q 1,161 Q 518 627
Ballasted roof system 6,277 4,658 2,651 1,991 Q 1,619 Q 308 1,126
Other cool roof property 1,603 1,140 468 672 N 463 Q Q Q
Renovations since 2000
(more than one may apply)		                  
Any type of renovation 45,165 34,265 21,199 12,712 355 10,900 822 3,506 6,572
Addition or annex 10,854 6,985 5,173 1,779 Q 3,869 276 916 2,676
Reduction in floorspace 1,784 1,495 896 599 N 289 Q Q Q
Roof replacement 20,862 15,656 9,909 5,552 Q 5,206 469 1,411 3,326
Interior wall reconfiguration 21,283 16,601 9,749 6,728 Q 4,681 489 1,572 2,620
Window replacement 10,977 8,076 5,709 2,340 Q 2,902 282 772 1,848
HVAC equipment upgrade 27,575 20,626 12,944 7,483 Q 6,949 529 2,127 4,293
Lighting upgrade 29,098 21,987 13,875 7,964 Q 7,111 670 2,198 4,242
Electrical upgrade 15,761 11,703 7,539 4,041 Q 4,058 456 1,442 2,160
Plumbing system upgrade 15,537 11,174 7,347 3,679 Q 4,363 411 1,385 2,566
Insulation upgrade 7,980 5,878 3,946 1,904 Q 2,102 243 560 1,299
Fire, safety, or security upgrade 19,985 14,570 9,537 4,973 Q 5,415 475 1,568 3,372
Structural upgrade 4,203 3,258 2,570 677 Q 945 238 252 455
Other 1,168 984 728 256 N 184 Q Q Q
No renovations 43,832 34,124 20,793 12,722 610 9,707 1,094 2,991 5,622
Buildings constructed 2013 or later 7,426 6,338 3,364 2,948 Q 1,088 Q 391 666
Energy sources
(more than one may apply)		                  
Electricity 94,844 73,201 44,617 27,937 647 21,644 1,946 6,854 12,843
Natural gas 67,722 51,735 31,586 19,934 Q 15,987 1,323 4,940 9,725
Fuel oil 21,185 14,809 9,593 5,162 Q 6,375 793 1,768 3,814
District heat 6,745 3,637 2,933 688 Q 3,107 475 2,007 625
District chilled water 4,288 1,937 1,553 352 Q 2,351 141 1,577 633
Propane 10,157 8,634 5,362 3,157 Q 1,523 Q 537 796
Solar 3,820 2,121 1,239 878 Q 1,699 253 510 935
Wood, coal, and other 2,113 1,813 1,318 495 N 300 Q Q Q
Space-heating energy sources
(more than one may apply)		                  
Electricity 45,603 37,333 21,298 15,915 Q 8,270 732 2,451 5,088
Natural gas 58,042 44,582 26,936 17,462 Q 13,461 1,084 3,811 8,566
Fuel oil 4,134 2,557 1,929 620 Q 1,577 Q Q 1,191
District heat 6,547 3,507 2,803 688 Q 3,040 471 1,943 625
Propane 3,896 3,495 2,377 1,003 Q 401 Q Q 214
Other sources1 927 900 759 Q N Q Q Q Q
Primary space-heating
energy source		                  
Electricity 27,618 22,928 12,591 10,273 Q 4,690 407 1,201 3,082
Natural gas 50,060 37,959 23,480 14,314 Q 12,101 928 3,437 7,735
Fuel oil 2,223 1,404 871 524 Q 820 Q Q 682
District heat 6,090 3,283 2,648 619 Q 2,807 462 1,774 571
Propane 2,290 2,045 1,565 373 Q 245 Q Q Q
Other sources1 380 362 352 Q N Q N N Q
Cooling energy sources
(more than one may apply)		                  
Electricity 84,526 65,574 39,465 25,849 260 18,952 1,740 5,543 11,669
Natural gas 400 229 Q Q N Q N Q Q
District chilled water 4,288 1,937 1,553 352 Q 2,351 141 1,577 633
Water-heating energy sources
(more than one may apply)		                  
Electricity 47,125 39,407 21,095 18,212 Q 7,719 767 2,023 4,928
Natural gas 46,652 33,953 21,375 12,519 Q 12,699 1,013 3,756 7,930
Fuel oil 1,807 996 798 Q Q 811 Q Q 582
District heat 4,206 2,265 1,885 381 N 1,941 392 1,277 272
Propane 1,947 1,562 1,150 403 Q 384 Q Q Q
Cooking energy sources
(more than one may apply)		                  
Electricity 30,509 21,521 13,776 7,736 Q 8,988 606 2,489 5,893
Natural gas 27,705 18,823 12,268 6,546 Q 8,882 610 2,571 5,701
Propane 3,101 2,317 1,623 694 N 784 Q Q 461
Energy end uses
(more than one may apply)		                  
Buildings with space heating 88,661 67,980 41,507 26,113 360 20,680 1,868 6,567 12,246
Buildings with cooling 87,506 66,906 40,664 25,950 292 20,600 1,811 6,591 12,198
Buildings with water heating 87,717 67,295 41,291 25,847 Q 20,422 1,838 6,524 12,060
Buildings with cooking 43,580 30,621 20,384 10,219 Q 12,959 926 3,696 8,337
Buildings with manufacturing 6,871 6,133 3,649 2,483 N 738 Q 250 331
Buildings with electricity
generation		 29,457 20,191 12,695 7,442 Q 9,266 963 2,778 5,526
Buildings with lighting 94,122 72,498 44,295 27,573 630 21,624 1,946 6,841 12,836
Percentage of floorspace heated                  
Not heated 7,762 6,747 3,848 2,269 630 1,015 Q Q 615
1 to 50 10,623 9,768 5,388 4,310 Q 855 Q Q 459
51 to 99 20,174 15,445 9,465 5,862 Q 4,729 656 1,849 2,224
100 57,864 42,767 26,654 15,941 Q 15,096 1,026 4,508 9,563
Percentage of floorspace cooled                  
Not cooled 8,917 7,821 4,691 2,432 699 1,095 Q Q 663
1 to 50 19,722 16,930 9,148 7,655 Q 2,792 257 775 1,759
51 to 99 26,277 18,787 11,348 7,426 Q 7,491 811 2,565 4,115
100 41,507 31,190 20,168 10,869 Q 10,318 743 3,251 6,324
Percentage lit when open                  
0% Q Q Q Q N N N N N
1 to 50% 14,172 12,440 9,010 3,430 N 1,732 Q 537 1,103
51 to 99% 38,847 30,159 17,417 12,742 N 8,688 1,033 2,984 4,671
100% 39,877 28,901 17,585 11,317 N 10,975 821 3,301 6,854
Building never open/electricity
not used		 2,998 2,699 1,149 559 990 300 Q Q 232
Percentage lit during off hours                  
0% 15,537 12,859 9,073 3,738 Q 2,679 Q 769 1,801
1 to 50% 69,761 52,717 30,863 21,423 Q 17,044 1,502 5,363 10,178
51 to 100% 7,237 5,639 3,442 2,030 Q 1,598 316 548 734
Building always open with
no "off hours"		 2,309 1,985 1,239 746 N 324 Q Q Q
Electricity not used 1,579 1,527 739 Q 344 Q N Q Q
Heating equipment
(more than one may apply)		                  
Packaged heating units 48,064 39,126 21,598 17,435 Q 8,938 684 2,451 5,802
Furnaces 17,272 15,345 9,245 5,913 Q 1,927 Q 618 1,191
Individual space heaters 21,122 17,958 11,332 6,574 Q 3,164 414 1,103 1,648
Boilers 28,831 17,956 11,774 6,134 Q 10,876 949 2,802 7,124
Heat pumps 15,110 11,650 6,973 4,661 Q 3,460 205 1,147 2,108
District heat 6,547 3,507 2,803 688 Q 3,040 471 1,943 625
Duct reheat 7,418 5,774 2,802 2,920 Q 1,644 Q 554 931
Other 821 800 Q 468 N Q Q Q Q
Cooling equipment
(more than one may apply)		                  
Packaged air-conditioning units 56,290 45,023 25,634 19,171 Q 11,266 1,192 3,181 6,892
Residential-type central air
conditioners		 18,270 14,011 8,809 5,184 Q 4,259 251 1,284 2,724
Individual air conditioners 13,619 10,598 6,946 3,650 Q 3,020 255 806 1,960
Central chillers 17,926 10,351 6,844 3,482 Q 7,575 969 2,413 4,192
Heat pumps 11,098 8,131 5,208 2,906 Q 2,967 329 1,021 1,617
District chilled water 4,288 1,937 1,553 352 Q 2,351 141 1,577 633
Swamp coolers 2,070 1,608 903 687 Q 463 Q Q Q
Other Q Q Q Q N Q Q Q N
HVAC features
(more than one may apply)		                  
Economizer cycle 34,087 22,524 13,828 8,596 Q 11,563 1,103 3,832 6,629
Variable air volume (VAV) system 29,268 19,201 11,711 7,352 Q 10,067 1,022 3,577 5,467
Dedicated outside air system (DOAS) 9,027 5,679 4,127 1,486 Q 3,347 295 1,292 1,760
Demand controlled ventilation (DCV) 10,474 6,518 3,834 2,614 Q 3,956 343 1,201 2,412
Regular HVAC maintenance 78,015 58,414 34,916 23,177 Q 19,600 1,696 6,271 11,634
Building automation system (BAS) controls heating/cooling 40,462 26,257 16,163 9,993 Q 14,205 1,121 4,734 8,350
Internet-connected/smart thermostat 5,966 4,868 3,589 1,279 N 1,098 Q 431 543
Programmable thermostat 20,882 18,613 10,396 8,133 Q 2,269 Q 540 1,553
Main equipment replaced since
2000 (more than one may apply)		                  
Heating 32,451 25,411 16,148 9,087 Q 7,040 621 1,658 4,760
Cooling 23,013 17,141 11,750 5,338 Q 5,872 488 1,483 3,900
Water-heating equipment                  
Centralized system 59,280 44,179 29,541 14,532 Q 15,101 1,343 5,032 8,726
Distributed system 14,307 12,511 5,860 6,623 Q 1,797 Q 503 1,220
Combination of centralized and
distributed system		 14,129 10,605 5,891 4,692 Q 3,524 422 990 2,113
Generation technologies
(more than one may apply)		                  
Reciprocating engine generators 25,163 17,397 11,158 6,185 Q 7,765 804 2,143 4,818
Solar panels 3,750 2,108 1,234 871 Q 1,642 244 484 914
Other generation technology 2,055 1,486 795 691 N 569 Q 312 Q
Lighting equipment types
(more than one may apply)		                  
Incandescent 21,081 16,778 10,502 6,213 Q 4,302 445 1,330 2,527
Standard fluorescent 72,932 55,237 32,962 21,710 564 17,696 1,594 5,623 10,479
Compact fluorescent 33,696 25,896 15,121 10,651 Q 7,800 756 2,842 4,201
High-intensity discharge (HID) 11,356 7,686 4,945 2,720 Q 3,670 662 978 2,030
Halogen 15,012 12,156 6,582 5,507 Q 2,856 325 1,017 1,514
LED 61,847 47,923 29,098 18,741 Q 13,925 1,328 4,955 7,642
Other Q Q Q Q N N N N N
Refrigeration equipment
(more than one may apply)		                  
Any refrigeration 77,589 58,701 36,611 22,040 Q 18,889 1,731 5,926 11,232
Walk-in units 29,384 18,876 11,399 7,461 Q 10,508 653 3,114 6,742
Cases or cabinets 28,517 20,438 12,102 8,316 Q 8,079 784 2,045 5,249
Large cold storage areas 3,592 2,775 1,573 1,194 Q 817 Q 337 410
Commercial ice makers 34,672 24,368 15,595 8,757 Q 10,304 907 3,074 6,323
Residential-type or compact units 64,735 49,571 30,746 18,795 Q 15,164 1,512 4,549 9,103
Vending machines 42,071 29,510 17,372 12,131 Q 12,561 1,423 3,876 7,262
No refrigeration 18,834 16,027 8,744 6,342 941 2,807 Q 963 1,629
Office equipment
(more than one may apply)		                  
Desktop computers 82,012 62,270 37,179 25,085 Q 19,743 1,684 6,314 11,745
With multiple monitors 50,844 38,166 21,616 16,550 N 12,678 1,310 4,218 7,150
Laptop computers 69,375 51,724 30,342 21,382 N 17,651 1,569 5,444 10,639
Dedicated servers 51,595 37,274 20,610 16,665 N 14,321 1,401 3,840 9,081
Tablets charged in building 48,778 35,093 19,589 15,504 N 13,684 1,037 4,319 8,329
Large floor-standing office devices2 54,088 38,165 22,190 15,975 N 15,923 1,453 4,964 9,507
Smaller desktop office devices2 74,467 56,886 34,024 22,846 Q 17,582 1,437 5,705 10,440
Interactive whiteboards 16,939 7,290 4,881 2,410 N 9,649 336 2,688 6,624
Televisions/video displays 63,618 47,479 28,830 18,649 N 16,139 1,315 5,165 9,659
Point-of-sales devices/cash registers 33,606 24,631 14,111 10,520 N 8,975 896 2,388 5,690
Food preparation or serving areas
in non-food service buildings
(more than one may apply)		                  
Snack bar/concession stand/coffee shop 10,361 6,738 4,541 2,197 N 3,623 497 1,157 1,969
Fast food/small restaurant 9,759 8,223 4,403 3,819 N 1,536 Q 488 746
Cafeteria/large restaurant 14,531 6,902 5,079 1,823 N 7,629 539 2,093 4,997
Commercial kitchen/
food preparation area		 17,698 12,164 8,137 4,018 Q 5,535 214 1,734 3,587
Small kitchen area 20,519 15,204 10,765 4,430 Q 5,315 398 1,355 3,562
Separate computer areas
(more than one may apply)		                  
Server closet 48,722 34,804 19,127 15,677 N 13,919 977 4,143 8,798
Data center 11,383 7,763 4,869 2,894 N 3,620 673 1,136 1,812
Computer-based training room 16,556 8,870 5,514 3,355 N 7,687 757 2,329 4,601
Student or public computer center 12,527 4,801 3,049 1,752 N 7,726 152 2,247 5,327
Window and interior lighting
features (more than one may
apply)		                  
Multipaned windows 72,694 55,377 34,359 20,447 571 17,317 1,482 5,255 10,580
Tinted window glass 44,363 34,187 18,734 15,117 336 10,176 1,095 3,158 5,922
Reflective window glass 17,929 14,600 7,295 7,238 Q 3,329 209 1,010 2,110
External overhangs or awnings 28,718 22,580 13,247 9,230 Q 6,139 437 1,546 4,155
Skylights or atriums 19,815 14,843 9,035 5,738 Q 4,973 472 1,365 3,136
Light scheduling 33,552 25,217 13,953 11,108 Q 8,335 783 2,820 4,732
Occupancy sensors 44,304 31,951 18,058 13,813 Q 12,353 1,250 3,959 7,144
Multi-level lighting or dimming 14,424 10,832 6,891 3,922 Q 3,592 306 1,263 2,023
Daylight harvesting 7,244 5,554 2,997 2,519 Q 1,691 411 414 866
Plug-load control 1,961 1,293 867 411 Q 667 Q Q 344
Demand responsive lighting 2,045 1,412 937 465 Q 633 Q Q 301
Building automation system (BAS) for lighting 16,645 11,263 6,059 5,185 Q 5,381 478 1,565 3,338
Electric vehicle (EV) charging                  
Charging stations associated with the building 10,165 8,260 5,028 3,221 Q 1,904 510 547 847
Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-871A of the 2018 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey
Notes: Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. The Guide to the 2018 CBECS Tables and CBECS Terminology contain definitions of terms used in these tables and comparisons between previous CBECS tables. You can access both references from http://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/.
Data are sample survey estimates with RSEs published in a tab on the Excel worksheet for this table.
aClimate zones are based on ASHRAE Standard 169-2021; see https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/maps.php#defined.
bOther sources includes wood, coal, solar, and all other energy sources.
cOffice devices refers to any combination of printers, copiers, scanners, or FAX machines.
Q = Data withheld either because the relative standard error (RSE) was greater than 50% or fewer than 20 buildings in reporting sample.
N = No buildings in reporting sample.