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Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS)

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‹ BACK TO ALL 2018 CBECS TABLES

Release date: September 2021
Revised date: September 2022
Table B10.  Number of floors, number of buildings and floorspace, 2018
Number of buildings (thousand) Total floorspace (million square feet)
  All
buildings		 One floor Two floors Three floors Four to nine floors Ten or more floors All
buildings		 One floor Two floors Three floors Four to nine floors Ten or more floors
All buildings 5,918 4,106 1,286 370 142 16 96,423 43,576 23,300 10,516 13,031 6,000
Building floorspace (square feet)                        
1,001 to 5,000  2,833 2,227 476 117 Q N 8,025 6,107 1,518 370 Q N
5,001 to 10,000  1,359 998 297 55 Q N 10,204 7,414 2,297 432 Q N
10,001 to 25,000 981 581 300 80 20 N 15,838 9,371 4,794 1,306 368 N
25,001 to 50,000 386 172 122 67 25 N 13,957 6,163 4,357 2,477 960 N
50,001 to 100,000  218 87 57 35 37 Q 15,302 6,052 3,902 2,472 2,723 Q
100,001 to 200,000  93 28 26 10 24 4 13,003 4,027 3,541 1,348 3,404 682
200,001 to 500,000  40 11 7 5 11 6 11,776 3,168 1,884 1,420 3,384 1,920
Over 500,000  9 2 1 1 2 3 8,317 1,274 1,006 691 2,102 3,244
Principal building activity                        
Education 437 278 111 26 23 Q 13,623 4,930 4,333 2,000 2,282 Q
Food sales  163 149 Q Q Q N 1,006 832 Q Q Q N
Food service  286 217 47 Q Q N 1,385 963 292 Q Q N
Health care  137 80 36 13 8 1 4,018 683 598 423 1,711 602
Inpatient  9 Q Q Q 3 1 2,259 Q Q 168 1,307 537
Outpatient  129 78 35 11 4 Q 1,760 570 465 255 404 Q
Lodging  207 62 85 29 28 4 6,976 908 1,399 1,145 2,100 1,424
Mercantile  517 406 79 32 Q N 10,781 8,287 1,734 705 Q N
Retail (other than mall)  350 267 53 30 Q N 5,193 4,027 769 361 Q N
Enclosed and strip malls  167 139 26 Q Q N 5,588 4,261 965 Q Q N
Office  970 544 273 105 38 9 16,662 3,334 3,684 2,223 3,877 3,544
Public assembly  488 307 116 47 18 Q 7,192 2,847 1,923 1,125 1,273 Q
Public order and safety  81 58 Q Q 2 1 1,538 549 Q Q 280 197
Religious worship  439 213 182 37 Q N 5,471 1,990 2,296 989 Q N
Service  867 708 144 Q Q N 6,240 4,686 1,308 Q Q N
Warehouse and storage  1,004 846 137 19 Q N 17,483 12,093 4,098 845 Q N
Other  113 85 16 Q Q Q 2,435 726 755 Q 543 Q
Vacant  208 153 38 Q 3 Q 1,612 747 429 Q 208 Q
Year constructed                        
Before 1920 329 77 142 88 21 Q 3,600 374 997 1,188 828 Q
1920 to 1945 379 182 102 76 18 2 5,646 1,197 1,189 1,087 1,335 839
1946 to 1959 517 348 117 40 12 Q 6,937 3,348 1,502 1,168 766 154
1960 to 1969 685 484 154 32 15 1 10,360 4,306 2,957 1,108 1,428 561
1970 to 1979 831 610 184 24 12 2 13,061 5,674 3,814 1,217 1,534 821
1980 to 1989 794 590 153 33 14 4 13,465 6,380 2,912 1,110 1,382 1,681
1990 to 1999 921 696 176 30 17 1 15,535 8,074 3,772 1,334 1,824 532
2000 to 2009 924 719 155 26 22 2 17,500 9,188 3,989 1,385 2,203 735
2010 to 2018 537 400 103 20 12 1 10,319 5,036 2,169 920 1,730 464
Census region                        
Northeast 793 365 258 117 47 7 15,951 4,478 4,001 2,409 3,313 1,751
Midwest 1,719 1,145 419 121 33 2 25,932 11,650 6,929 3,505 2,649 1,199
South 2,143 1,636 375 90 37 5 34,907 17,683 7,821 3,188 4,427 1,787
West 1,264 959 234 42 25 3 19,633 9,765 4,549 1,414 2,642 1,262
Climate zonea                        
Cold or very cold 539 346 146 38 8 1 7,044 3,109 2,242 1,006 515 173
Cool 1,727 1,076 455 141 51 4 26,768 11,169 6,704 3,641 3,695 1,559
Mixed mild 1,216 748 300 113 47 8 25,096 8,450 6,184 2,845 4,779 2,839
Warm 1,606 1,261 256 62 24 2 25,085 13,741 5,552 2,321 2,629 843
Hot or very hot 831 675 128 16 11 1 12,429 7,108 2,618 703 1,413 586
Elevators and escalators
(more than one may apply)		                        
Any elevators 503 N 228 150 109 16 36,501 N 10,138 7,965 12,398 6,000
1 elevator 366 N 207 112 47 Q 14,215 N 7,803 4,178 2,154 Q
2 to 5 elevators 121 N 21 37 56 7 13,316 N 2,051 2,988 7,059 1,217
6 or more elevators 16 N 1 2 6 8 8,970 N 284 798 3,185 4,703
Any escalators 14 N Q 3 2 2 3,753 N 464 640 841 1,808
Number of workers (main shift)                        
Fewer than 5 3,270 2,491 608 155 15 Q 21,065 13,689 4,932 1,871 552 Q
5 to 9 1,116 769 246 76 25 Q 10,323 5,978 2,589 1,003 697 Q
10 to 19 713 443 200 50 20 Q 11,348 5,520 3,632 1,316 765 Q
20 to 49 492 272 149 46 24 1 16,132 7,826 4,480 1,966 1,600 259
50 to 99 201 99 55 26 20 1 12,961 5,372 3,752 1,665 1,907 265
100 to 249 90 29 24 13 20 3 12,442 4,453 2,788 1,762 2,761 678
250 or more 37 2 4 5 17 9 12,152 737 1,125 933 4,749 4,607
Weekly operating hours                        
Fewer than 40 1,370 964 308 79 17 Q 10,776 5,836 3,102 1,058 655 Q
40 to 48 1,483 1,068 298 95 21 1 18,826 10,265 5,095 1,993 1,218 255
49 to 60 1,250 815 316 84 30 4 22,845 10,212 5,847 2,447 2,877 1,461
61 to 84 645 450 142 34 18 2 14,727 6,526 3,573 1,667 2,072 889
85 to 167 465 361 63 28 12 1 10,038 5,082 2,372 1,149 1,295 140
Open continuously 705 447 158 49 43 7 19,213 5,654 3,312 2,202 4,914 3,130
Ownership and occupancy                        
Nongovernment owned 4,982 3,428 1,132 292 116 13 74,728 35,603 17,831 7,246 9,082 4,965
Owner occupied 3,249 2,184 745 224 88 7 45,355 19,481 11,293 5,458 6,089 3,035
Leased to tenant(s) 1,581 1,124 364 60 26 6 28,382 15,632 6,275 1,685 2,875 1,915
Unoccupied 152 120 Q Q Q Q 990 491 Q Q Q Q
Government owned 937 678 154 77 25 2 21,695 7,973 5,468 3,270 3,949 1,035
Federal 70 55 9 Q 1 Q 1,946 605 426 Q 366 442
State 256 184 26 32 13 1 6,888 2,272 1,263 1,233 1,882 238
Local 610 439 119 41 11 1 12,861 5,096 3,779 1,930 1,700 355
Party responsible for operation
of energy systems		                        
Building owner 4,872 3,310 1,089 328 130 14 79,282 32,677 19,729 9,512 11,836 5,529
Business owner or tenant 831 662 142 24 3 Q 12,842 9,114 2,670 451 539 Q
Property management 97 67 22 Q 3 1 1,994 762 397 Q 313 295
Other 118 67 Q Q 5 0 2,306 1,024 504 Q 343 108
Provider of direct input on energy-
related equipment purchases		                        
Building owner 5,127 3,508 1,146 325 133 15 82,862 35,192 20,593 9,470 11,990 5,617
Business owner or tenant 483 389 77 15 2 Q 7,585 5,654 1,307 275 298 Q
Property management 49 40 Q Q 1 Q 1,072 425 Q Q 143 Q
Other 260 169 56 28 6 1 4,904 2,306 1,104 674 600 220
Number of establishments                        
1 4,719 3,350 1,008 258 96 7 65,391 31,181 17,005 7,231 7,913 2,062
2 to 5 811 513 197 72 27 2 16,431 7,154 3,918 1,830 2,517 1,013
6 to 10 135 72 35 19 7 2 5,539 2,397 911 567 988 677
11 to 20 63 32 20 2 7 2 3,894 1,440 794 193 763 705
More than 20 19 6 Q 5 3 3 3,999 855 393 515 715 1,521
Currently unoccupied 170 133 Q Q Q Q 1,168 549 Q Q Q Q
Campus or complex activity                        
Not part of a campus or complex 3,622 2,461 834 240 76 11 56,609 25,712 14,703 6,413 6,115 3,665
Primary or secondary school 247 190 44 6 Q N 5,106 2,634 1,496 411 566 N
College or university 103 39 30 13 20 1 3,761 469 591 698 1,793 211
Office complex 141 77 38 13 11 1 3,823 692 742 349 1,176 864
Retail complex 250 206 41 Q Q Q 4,573 3,266 1,002 Q Q Q
Storage complex 418 365 41 Q Q N 5,684 4,261 1,087 Q Q N
Religious campus or complex 253 131 91 24 Q Q 3,209 1,202 1,221 566 Q Q
Health care complex 60 36 12 5 7 1 2,838 409 280 177 1,409 563
Lodging or resort complex 102 52 34 Q 5 Q 1,575 303 381 Q 297 Q
Transportation complex 36 33 Q Q Q Q 774 227 Q Q Q Q
Government complex 124 101 14 Q 2 Q 1,706 738 297 Q 333 Q
Other 563 416 104 36 5 Q 6,765 3,664 1,371 668 797 Q
Predominant exterior wall material                        
Brick, stone, or stucco 2,490 1,519 638 239 88 7 46,134 16,704 12,117 6,911 8,040 2,362
Concrete (block or poured) 935 688 193 34 17 4 19,357 10,083 4,527 1,522 2,101 1,124
Concrete panels 137 85 33 11 5 2 8,331 3,666 2,048 733 1,039 846
Siding or shingles 948 607 253 70 17 Q 5,992 3,182 1,880 670 230 Q
Metal panels 1,250 1,098 140 Q 1 Q 12,198 9,118 2,199 Q 273 Q
Window glass 19 Q Q Q 5 2 2,192 Q Q Q 862 950
Other 139 103 24 Q Q 1 2,219 720 361 Q 486 546
Predominant roof material                        
Metal surfacing 2,198 1,818 333 38 8 Q 20,936 15,013 4,339 1,024 412 Q
Synthetic or rubber 940 565 222 95 51 7 31,563 11,146 7,731 4,342 5,763 2,581
Built-up 708 477 142 52 31 6 19,308 6,900 4,410 2,001 3,699 2,299
Slate or tile shingles 376 234 93 35 13 Q 3,997 1,647 1,020 613 694 Q
Wooden materials (including
shingles)		 166 96 49 Q Q N 1,568 763 457 Q Q N
Asphalt, fiberglass, or
other shingles		 1,311 773 394 119 24 1 14,058 6,416 4,321 1,858 1,168 296
Concrete 83 43 26 Q 5 1 1,968 396 400 Q 609 365
Other 136 99 25 9 3 1 3,026 1,294 622 292 528 289
Roof tilt                        
Flat 1,914 1,265 413 140 82 15 54,253 20,108 12,146 6,418 9,824 5,756
Shallow pitch 2,313 1,765 433 92 23 1 27,609 16,847 6,842 2,031 1,720 169
Steeper pitch 1,691 1,077 440 138 37 Q 14,561 6,621 4,311 2,067 1,487 Q
Cool roof characteristics (more than one may apply)                        
White/reflective coating or paint 1,285 914 253 67 45 5 32,799 14,294 7,533 3,209 5,552 2,211
White/reflective tiles or shingles 140 91 38 7 5 Q 2,713 1,140 615 404 382 Q
Aluminum coating 528 433 76 10 8 Q 6,149 3,922 1,331 372 436 Q
Ballasted roof system 114 62 28 13 9 2 6,277 1,535 1,245 823 1,319 1,355
Other cool roof property 35 Q Q Q 1 2 1,603 Q Q Q 324 683
Renovations since 2000
(more than one may apply)		                        
Any type of renovation 2,032 1,210 559 181 72 10 45,165 15,810 11,510 5,519 7,908 4,418
Addition or annex 327 196 89 33 8 1 10,854 3,558 3,176 1,619 1,866 635
Reduction in floorspace 35 15 13 Q 1 1 1,784 393 351 Q 355 398
Roof replacement 847 468 260 80 33 5 20,862 6,426 5,490 2,584 3,816 2,546
Interior wall reconfiguration 709 388 211 73 31 7 21,283 5,561 5,003 2,856 4,465 3,398
Window replacement 484 248 142 68 23 2 10,977 2,816 2,665 1,719 2,116 1,662
HVAC equipment upgrade 1,006 563 292 99 45 8 27,575 8,139 6,773 3,460 5,491 3,713
Lighting upgrade 1,012 547 310 100 47 9 29,098 8,490 6,813 3,853 5,976 3,966
Electrical upgrade 565 295 171 69 24 5 15,761 4,146 3,354 2,093 3,492 2,677
Plumbing system upgrade 584 293 193 62 30 6 15,537 3,633 3,622 1,877 3,548 2,857
Insulation upgrade 307 175 91 27 12 3 7,980 2,186 1,886 772 1,364 1,772
Fire, safety, or security upgrade 570 269 189 70 35 7 19,985 4,765 5,070 2,649 4,208 3,293
Structural upgrade 147 81 38 21 6 2 4,203 894 1,058 442 711 1,098
Other 43 22 Q Q Q Q 1,168 827 Q Q Q Q
No renovations 3,530 2,621 671 172 61 5 43,832 23,874 10,361 4,333 3,882 1,382
Buildings constructed 2013 or later 357 275 56 16 9 Q 7,426 3,892 1,429 664 1,241 Q
Energy sources
(more than one may apply)		                        
Electricity 5,613 3,822 1,270 364 142 16 94,844 42,188 23,152 10,480 13,027 5,998
Natural gas 2,974 1,850 761 248 104 11 67,722 27,344 17,201 8,169 10,438 4,570
Fuel oil 583 322 157 54 41 9 21,185 4,910 3,743 2,396 6,080 4,055
District heat 86 22 23 12 25 4 6,745 320 579 770 3,052 2,023
District chilled water 55 22 7 9 16 1 4,288 298 311 622 2,401 657
Propane 676 430 200 35 11 1 10,157 4,557 3,265 850 1,000 Q
Solar 99 66 20 7 Q Q 3,820 1,361 882 405 827 Q
Wood, coal, and other 180 134 37 Q Q Q 2,113 1,168 437 Q Q Q
Space-heating energy sources
(more than one may apply)		                        
Electricity 2,563 1,793 560 146 57 8 45,603 20,387 11,063 5,085 5,848 3,221
Natural gas 2,587 1,604 675 221 79 8 58,042 25,147 15,118 7,056 7,598 3,123
Fuel oil 266 127 96 31 11 Q 4,134 1,098 1,049 599 937 452
District heat 83 19 23 12 25 4 6,547 285 579 765 2,917 2,001
Propane 431 264 138 26 Q Q 3,896 1,914 1,281 348 Q Q
Other sources1 127 103 Q Q Q Q 927 686 Q Q Q Q
Primary space-heating
energy source		                        
Electricity 1,856 1,361 368 88 34 5 27,618 13,083 6,527 2,798 3,395 1,814
Natural gas 2,344 1,458 605 205 69 6 50,060 22,025 13,291 6,232 6,209 2,303
Fuel oil 222 103 88 24 6 Q 2,223 695 869 275 342 Q
District heat 78 Q 22 10 24 4 6,090 Q 543 685 2,795 1,824
Propane 338 216 101 Q Q N 2,290 1,373 712 Q Q N
Other sources1 63 53 Q Q Q N 380 329 Q Q Q N
Cooling energy sources
(more than one may apply)		                        
Electricity 4,584 2,980 1,148 321 120 15 84,526 36,342 22,086 9,417 11,073 5,607
Natural gas 4 Q Q Q Q Q 400 Q Q Q Q Q
District chilled water 55 22 7 9 16 1 4,288 298 311 622 2,401 657
Water-heating energy sources
(more than one may apply)		                        
Electricity 2,785 1,903 671 161 43 7 47,125 23,843 11,064 4,916 4,657 2,646
Natural gas 1,885 1,096 530 171 80 7 46,652 17,892 12,477 5,805 7,777 2,702
Fuel oil 72 26 Q 17 5 Q 1,807 305 385 353 436 Q
District heat 38 Q Q 7 14 3 4,206 Q Q 435 1,908 1,562
Propane 145 86 43 Q Q N 1,947 971 629 Q Q N
Cooking energy sources
(more than one may apply)		                        
Electricity 1,216 701 359 104 45 6 30,509 11,386 7,677 3,356 5,052 3,038
Natural gas 727 450 164 69 38 6 27,705 9,335 6,140 3,688 5,431 3,111
Propane 159 94 43 12 9 Q 3,101 1,093 990 317 587 Q
Energy end uses
(more than one may apply)		                        
Buildings with space heating 4,901 3,210 1,194 347 134 16 88,661 37,749 21,981 10,188 12,759 5,984
Buildings with cooling 4,631 3,001 1,155 327 131 16 87,506 36,588 22,356 9,838 12,727 5,998
Buildings with water heating 4,595 2,912 1,192 340 135 16 87,717 36,755 22,126 10,041 12,818 5,976
Buildings with cooking 1,738 1,014 485 156 73 9 43,580 15,087 10,696 5,543 7,753 4,501
Buildings with manufacturing 322 239 67 13 2 Q 6,871 3,679 2,061 526 348 Q
Buildings with electricity
generation		 706 436 164 48 48 9 29,457 8,457 6,132 3,224 7,351 4,292
Buildings with lighting 5,509 3,734 1,255 364 141 16 94,122 41,675 22,978 10,480 12,991 5,998
Percentage of floorspace heated                        
Not heated 1,017 896 92 22 7 Q 7,762 5,828 1,319 329 271 Q
1 to 50% 693 477 173 33 9 0 10,623 6,087 2,905 702 800 130
51 to 99% 905 553 188 116 43 6 20,174 7,565 3,971 2,625 3,545 2,468
100% 3,303 2,179 832 199 83 10 57,864 24,097 15,105 6,860 8,415 3,386
Percentage of floorspace cooled                        
Not cooled 1,288 1,104 131 42 Q Q 8,917 6,988 944 679 Q Q
1 to 50% 1,111 712 328 46 24 Q 19,722 11,046 5,963 1,162 1,460 Q
51 to 99% 998 552 250 136 52 7 26,277 8,818 5,927 3,627 4,822 3,083
100% 2,522 1,737 576 145 55 8 41,507 16,723 10,466 5,049 6,445 2,824
Percentage lit when open                        
0% Q Q Q N N N Q Q Q N N N
1 to 50% 1,280 763 377 105 34 1 14,172 7,100 4,224 1,539 1,091 218
51 to 99% 1,784 1,126 435 151 65 8 38,847 14,961 9,540 4,879 6,300 3,168
100% 2,272 1,709 415 100 40 7 39,877 18,925 8,967 3,917 5,477 2,590
Building never open/electricity
not used		 513 442 55 Q Q Q 2,998 2,197 434 Q Q Q
Percentage lit during off hours                        
0% 2,054 1,541 412 81 20 Q 15,537 10,493 3,678 912 450 Q
1 to 50% 3,243 2,055 809 262 104 13 69,761 28,512 17,923 8,350 10,140 4,836
51 to 100% 238 166 42 16 12 2 7,237 2,470 1,334 797 1,721 915
Building always open with
no "off hours"		 78 60 Q Q 6 1 2,309 712 Q 421 716 243
Electricity not used 305 284 Q Q Q Q 1,579 1,389 Q Q Q Q
Heating equipment
(more than one may apply)		                        
Packaged heating units 2,187 1,558 454 124 47 4 48,064 24,319 11,653 5,275 4,786 2,031
Furnaces 1,621 984 503 124 10 Q 17,272 9,491 5,327 1,748 635 Q
Individual space heaters 1,246 835 308 69 33 2 21,122 9,346 6,042 2,301 2,232 1,200
Boilers 703 280 231 118 65 8 28,831 6,244 7,809 4,922 6,919 2,937
Heat pumps 673 440 153 56 21 4 15,110 6,296 3,419 1,914 1,988 1,494
District heat 83 19 23 12 25 4 6,547 285 579 765 2,917 2,001
Duct reheat 134 83 28 10 11 3 7,418 1,979 1,130 975 1,981 1,353
Other 17 10 Q Q Q Q 821 522 Q Q Q Q
Cooling equipment
(more than one may apply)		                        
Packaged air-conditioning units 2,565 1,780 557 153 69 6 56,290 26,941 14,371 6,292 6,301 2,384
Residential-type central air
conditioners		 1,309 742 424 116 26 2 18,270 7,566 5,531 2,139 2,258 776
Individual air conditioners 735 402 209 80 41 3 13,619 4,358 3,611 2,063 2,752 836
Central chillers 202 72 55 34 31 10 17,926 2,468 3,860 2,599 4,979 4,020
Heat pumps 492 311 127 32 19 4 11,098 3,648 2,610 1,243 2,101 1,497
District chilled water 55 22 7 9 16 1 4,288 298 311 622 2,401 657
Swamp coolers 85 63 15 Q 3 1 2,070 868 411 Q 375 210
Other Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
HVAC features
(more than one may apply)		                        
Economizer cycle 747 415 193 73 57 9 34,087 9,517 7,840 4,304 7,992 4,435
Variable air volume (VAV) system 698 411 164 64 50 9 29,268 6,668 6,507 4,150 7,494 4,449
Dedicated outside air system (DOAS) 249 152 55 18 20 3 9,027 2,166 1,593 1,170 2,569 1,529
Demand controlled ventilation (DCV) 349 213 94 21 17 3 10,474 3,575 2,548 1,259 1,857 1,234
Regular HVAC maintenance 3,554 2,273 889 251 125 16 78,015 31,706 18,790 9,133 12,412 5,973
Building automation system (BAS) controls heating/cooling 933 529 239 82 72 12 40,462 11,827 9,049 5,158 9,237 5,191
Internet-connected/smart thermostat 325 206 92 21 6 Q 5,966 2,545 1,812 604 647 Q
Programmable thermostat 1,545 1,002 434 88 20 Q 20,882 11,483 6,327 1,935 1,008 Q
Main equipment replaced since
2000 (more than one may apply)		                        
Heating 1,937 1,251 469 170 41 6 32,451 14,144 8,666 4,258 3,666 1,718
Cooling 1,269 668 424 131 40 6 23,013 6,923 6,851 2,954 3,748 2,537
Water-heating equipment                        
Centralized system 3,538 2,161 990 269 107 10 59,280 24,094 16,317 6,862 8,500 3,508
Distributed system 782 597 134 38 11 2 14,307 8,279 2,787 1,296 1,167 778
Combination of centralized and
distributed system		 274 154 68 33 16 4 14,129 4,382 3,022 1,883 3,151 1,691
Generation technologies
(more than one may apply)		                        
Reciprocating engine generators 580 355 137 40 40 9 25,163 6,761 5,023 2,811 6,472 4,096
Solar panels 94 61 19 7 Q Q 3,750 1,340 860 402 814 Q
Other generation technology 43 22 10 Q Q Q 2,055 608 485 Q 607 190
Lighting equipment types
(more than one may apply)		                        
Incandescent 1,100 593 347 115 40 4 21,081 7,327 5,443 3,070 3,382 1,858
Standard fluorescent 4,019 2,668 961 268 110 11 72,932 31,578 17,924 8,186 10,497 4,747
Compact fluorescent 1,133 598 334 125 67 9 33,696 10,384 7,519 4,671 7,238 3,884
High-intensity discharge (HID) 238 155 52 15 14 2 11,356 3,909 2,091 1,317 2,488 1,551
Halogen 552 318 169 47 14 3 15,012 5,949 3,475 1,608 2,383 1,597
LED 2,592 1,564 695 213 107 14 61,847 22,830 14,898 7,835 10,672 5,612
Other Q Q Q Q N Q Q Q Q Q N Q
Refrigeration equipment
(more than one may apply)		                        
Any refrigeration 3,850 2,474 968 273 120 14 77,589 31,681 19,684 8,752 11,847 5,624
Walk-in units 706 486 120 55 38 6 29,384 10,281 5,562 3,698 6,115 3,728
Cases or cabinets 837 562 151 77 40 7 28,517 10,675 5,608 3,355 5,521 3,358
Large cold storage areas 69 46 8 9 5 0 3,592 1,210 686 522 573 601
Commercial ice makers 872 536 202 77 49 8 34,672 11,126 7,845 4,559 7,066 4,076
Residential-type or compact units 3,321 2,094 881 233 102 12 64,735 25,861 16,819 7,360 9,901 4,795
Vending machines 800 469 195 69 57 9 42,071 14,822 9,533 4,914 8,387 4,414
No refrigeration 2,068 1,632 317 96 21 2 18,834 11,895 3,615 1,764 1,184 376
Office equipment
(more than one may apply)		                        
Desktop computers 3,804 2,426 947 294 122 15 82,012 34,252 20,333 9,358 12,330 5,739
With multiple monitors 1,504 801 489 123 78 13 50,844 17,534 12,709 5,531 9,674 5,397
Laptop computers 2,786 1,625 800 234 113 14 69,375 26,350 17,705 8,456 11,269 5,594
Dedicated servers 1,400 802 389 120 75 13 51,595 17,761 12,546 6,161 9,720 5,406
Tablets charged in building 1,556 871 456 145 73 11 48,778 17,272 12,500 5,689 8,764 4,554
Large floor-standing office devices2 1,456 809 411 136 89 12 54,088 18,291 13,580 6,605 10,343 5,269
Smaller desktop office devices2 3,560 2,259 888 282 118 13 74,467 31,099 17,982 8,652 11,266 5,468
Interactive whiteboards 262 152 53 23 30 3 16,939 4,342 4,188 2,236 3,991 2,182
Televisions/video displays 2,451 1,485 652 197 103 13 63,618 24,192 15,598 7,633 10,678 5,517
Point-of-sales devices/cash registers 1,420 978 290 104 41 7 33,606 13,933 6,977 3,582 5,498 3,616
Food preparation or serving areas
in non-food service buildings
(more than one may apply)		                        
Snack bar/concession stand/coffee shop 144 98 19 13 11 4 10,361 2,133 1,745 1,420 2,539 2,524
Fast food/small restaurant 160 108 18 18 13 3 9,759 3,751 1,117 1,029 1,793 2,068
Cafeteria/large restaurant 129 50 42 18 16 4 14,531 3,006 3,243 1,990 3,655 2,636
Commercial kitchen/
food preparation area		 284 148 73 36 24 3 17,698 5,763 3,268 2,629 3,832 2,206
Small kitchen area 1,018 530 346 98 39 5 20,519 5,721 5,963 2,837 3,562 2,435
Separate computer areas
(more than one may apply)		                        
Server closet 1,237 708 339 105 73 12 48,722 16,626 11,724 6,037 9,409 4,927
Data center 116 65 16 11 20 5 11,383 2,229 1,704 1,221 3,431 2,797
Computer-based training room 228 127 53 24 21 3 16,556 4,838 3,722 2,174 3,771 2,052
Student or public computer center 236 124 64 26 19 2 12,527 3,428 3,309 1,843 2,876 1,071
Window and interior lighting
features (more than one may
apply)		                        
Multipaned windows 3,527 2,236 893 273 112 13 72,694 29,467 18,242 8,710 11,131 5,144
Tinted window glass 1,679 1,115 403 107 45 10 44,363 18,442 10,326 4,911 6,573 4,111
Reflective window glass 497 311 109 47 27 3 17,929 6,616 3,495 1,992 3,810 2,015
External overhangs or awnings 1,513 1,054 339 88 29 3 28,718 13,896 6,971 2,914 3,232 1,706
Skylights or atriums 509 284 165 35 22 3 19,815 6,678 4,827 2,667 3,668 1,976
Light scheduling 910 540 226 82 52 9 33,552 11,527 7,181 4,121 6,423 4,301
Occupancy sensors 1,025 610 246 83 74 12 44,304 14,613 10,217 5,261 9,051 5,163
Multi-level lighting or dimming 332 163 100 41 24 5 14,424 3,671 2,994 2,088 3,056 2,615
Daylight harvesting 138 86 35 4 9 3 7,244 1,900 1,290 517 1,750 1,787
Plug-load control 58 30 17 7 3 1 1,961 388 429 294 591 259
Demand responsive lighting 98 60 31 Q 3 1 2,045 643 321 Q 486 261
Building automation system (BAS) for lighting 317 209 65 20 18 5 16,645 6,112 3,158 1,759 3,124 2,492
Electric vehicle (EV) charging                        
Charging stations associated with the building 132 70 32 11 16 3 10,165 2,924 1,752 754 2,627 2,108
 
Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-871A of the 2018 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey
Notes: Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. The Guide to the 2018 CBECS Tables and CBECS Terminology contain definitions of terms used in these tables and comparisons between previous CBECS tables. You can access both references from http://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/.
Data are sample survey estimates with RSEs published in a tab on the Excel worksheet for this table.
aClimate zones are based on ASHRAE Standard 169-2021; see https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/maps.php#defined.
bOther sources includes wood, coal, solar, and all other energy sources.
cOffice devices refers to any combination of printers, copiers, scanners, or FAX machines.
Q = Data withheld either because the relative standard error (RSE) was greater than 50% or fewer than 20 buildings in reporting sample.
N = No buildings in reporting sample.