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Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS)

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‹ BACK TO ALL 2018 CBECS TABLES

Release date: September 2021
Revised date: September 2022
Table B21.  Energy end uses, number of buildings, 2018
Number of buildings (thousand)
Energy  used for (more than  one may apply)
  All
buildings		 Space
heating		 Cooling Water
heating		 Cooking Manu-
facturing		 Electricity gener-
ation		 Lighting
All buildings 5,918 4,901 4,631 4,595 1,738 322 706 5,509
Building floorspace (square feet)                
1,001 to 5,000  2,833 2,229 2,033 1,984 695 139 189 2,583
5,001 to 10,000  1,359 1,093 1,032 1,053 390 56 156 1,238
10,001 to 25,000 981 869 853 848 307 65 152 948
25,001 to 50,000 386 366 363 363 159 35 80 382
50,001 to 100,000  218 208 211 209 103 17 66 217
100,001 to 200,000  93 90 90 90 55 6 37 92
200,001 to 500,000  40 39 38 39 24 3 20 40
Over 500,000  9 9 9 9 6 1 6 9
Principal building activity                
Education 437 413 413 378 176 3 62 437
Food sales  163 139 157 157 101 Q 17 163
Food service  286 265 274 286 280 Q Q 286
Health care  137 136 136 136 23 Q 30 137
Inpatient  9 8 9 9 7 Q 9 9
Outpatient  129 127 128 127 16 Q 21 129
Lodging  207 199 205 205 150 Q 53 207
Mercantile  517 486 479 452 149 21 44 513
Retail (other than mall)  350 322 313 285 46 Q 15 346
Enclosed and strip malls  167 164 167 167 103 Q 29 167
Office  970 925 939 902 198 24 139 970
Public assembly  488 444 412 449 197 Q 68 488
Public order and safety  81 77 76 79 55 Q 37 81
Religious worship  439 426 421 409 275 Q 19 439
Service  867 686 512 590 49 100 106 853
Warehouse and storage  1,004 549 473 425 60 113 70 707
Other  113 78 73 78 16 14 34 103
Vacant  208 78 58 48 Q Q Q 124
Year constructed                
Before 1920 329 306 253 288 125 Q 27 320
1920 to 1945 379 329 309 291 129 Q 40 362
1946 to 1959 517 462 416 430 157 38 29 478
1960 to 1969 685 598 552 573 211 23 65 666
1970 to 1979 831 661 650 635 209 58 115 784
1980 to 1989 794 668 653 632 225 34 83 752
1990 to 1999 921 724 686 634 240 47 130 827
2000 to 2009 924 729 715 699 284 53 136 839
2010 to 2018 537 425 396 412 158 38 81 481
Census region and division                
Northeast 793 710 585 655 242 34 140 758
New England  275 249 187 225 101 Q 63 274
Middle Atlantic 518 461 398 430 141 23 77 484
Midwest 1,719 1,417 1,209 1,284 499 106 195 1,594
East North Central 1,110 921 807 862 337 70 118 1,029
West North Central 609 497 403 422 162 36 77 565
South 2,143 1,755 1,865 1,690 615 101 236 1,984
South Atlantic  1,034 857 913 839 305 44 114 974
East South Central 347 291 295 271 97 16 36 303
West South Central 762 607 657 580 213 41 86 708
West 1,264 1,019 972 966 382 81 135 1,174
Mountain 484 391 379 354 128 38 55 430
Pacific 780 628 593 612 255 43 81 744
Climate zonea                
Cold or very cold 539 456 321 405 128 31 59 499
Cool 1,727 1,442 1,211 1,325 545 106 242 1,603
Mixed mild 1,216 1,080 998 1,021 369 51 144 1,144
Warm 1,606 1,373 1,360 1,250 452 79 169 1,477
Hot or very hot 831 551 740 594 244 54 92 787
Number of workers (main shift)                
Fewer than 5 3,270 2,439 2,114 2,099 727 145 246 2,865
5 to 9 1,116 1,016 1,029 1,023 355 60 124 1,113
10 to 19 713 654 676 673 289 60 102 713
20 to 49 492 476 486 485 213 36 107 492
50 to 99 201 192 199 190 87 10 65 201
100 to 249 90 89 89 89 48 8 39 90
250 or more 37 36 36 36 19 1 24 37
Weekly operating hours                
Fewer than 40 1,370 1,030 882 876 353 52 67 1,192
40 to 48 1,483 1,311 1,257 1,183 291 117 188 1,464
49 to 60 1,250 1,123 1,051 1,093 334 80 139 1,231
61 to 84 645 548 540 549 238 35 80 618
85 to 167 465 370 385 379 208 26 72 406
Open continuously 705 519 517 514 312 12 161 600
Ownership and occupancy                
Nongovernment owned 4,982 4,103 3,861 3,850 1,457 300 510 4,594
Owner occupied 3,249 2,747 2,548 2,564 1,043 189 381 3,052
Leased to tenant(s) 1,581 1,304 1,280 1,252 411 110 129 1,464
Unoccupied 152 52 33 Q Q N Q 78
Government owned 937 798 769 744 281 22 196 916
Federal 70 69 57 60 14 Q 7 70
State 256 206 206 205 76 1 51 246
Local 610 524 506 480 191 19 137 600
Energy sources
(more than one may apply)		                
Electricity 5,613 4,901 4,631 4,590 1,738 322 704 5,509
Natural gas 2,974 2,933 2,728 2,786 1,168 187 462 2,955
Fuel oil 583 561 455 501 199 52 343 583
District heat 86 85 74 84 19 1 20 86
District chilled water 55 49 55 51 10 Q 14 55
Propane 676 621 526 564 285 48 98 668
Solar 99 84 95 88 52 Q 94 97
Wood, coal, and other 180 178 122 129 34 Q 68 180
Energy end uses
(more than one may apply)		                
Buildings with space heating 4,901 4,901 4,390 4,367 1,653 286 671 4,875
Buildings with cooling 4,631 4,390 4,631 4,190 1,671 267 638 4,623
Buildings with water heating 4,595 4,367 4,190 4,595 1,727 256 626 4,573
Buildings with cooking 1,738 1,653 1,671 1,727 1,738 89 307 1,735
Buildings with manufacturing 322 286 267 256 89 322 37 322
Buildings with electricity
generation		 706 671 638 626 307 37 706 701
Buildings with lighting 5,509 4,875 4,623 4,573 1,735 322 701 5,509
Food preparation or serving areas
in non-food service buildings
(more than one may apply)		                
Snack bar/concession stand/coffee shop 144 134 139 144 144 7 41 144
Fast food/small restaurant 160 156 157 160 160 Q 40 160
Cafeteria/large restaurant 129 126 123 129 127 2 43 129
Commercial kitchen/
food preparation area		 284 276 274 284 283 13 85 284
Small kitchen area 1,018 975 984 1,007 1,014 49 168 1,015
Separate computer areas
(more than one may apply)		                
Server closet 1,237 1,195 1,213 1,203 435 77 263 1,237
Data center or server farm 116 112 116 106 44 Q 55 116
Computer-based training room 228 214 227 216 111 8 69 228
Student or public computer center 236 230 225 230 117 3 59 236
Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-871A of the 2018 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey
Notes: Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. The Guide to the 2018 CBECS Tables and CBECS Terminology contain definitions of terms used in these tables and comparisons between previous CBECS tables. You can access both references from http://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/.
Data are sample survey estimates with RSEs published in a tab on the Excel worksheet for this table.
aClimate zones are based on ASHRAE Standard 169-2021; see https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/maps.php#defined.
Q = Data withheld either because the relative standard error (RSE) was greater than 50% or fewer than 20 buildings in reporting sample.
N = No buildings in reporting sample.