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Minnesota   Minnesota Profile

State Profile and Energy Estimates

Changes to the State Energy Data System (SEDS) Notice: In October 2023, we updated the way we calculate primary energy consumption of electricity generation from noncombustible renewable energy sources (solar, wind, hydroelectric, and geothermal). Visit our Changes to 1960—2022 conversion factor for renewable energy page to learn more.

Profile DataPrint State Energy Profile
(overview, data, & analysis)

Last Update: August 15, 2024 Next Update: September 19, 2024                                                                                                                                               See full record of updates

Data in this section highlight only a small number of the many series available for this state. Use the "more" links on this page or the "Find" tool to access EIA's additional state-level data.

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Energy Indicators  
Demography Minnesota Share of U.S. Period
Population 5.7 million 1.7% 2023  
Civilian Labor Force 3.1 million 1.8% Jun-24  
Economy Minnesota U.S. Rank Period
Gross Domestic Product $ 471.8 billion 20 2023  
Gross Domestic Product for the Manufacturing Sector $ 57,159 million 17 2023  
Per Capita Personal Income $ 71,866 14 2023  
Vehicle Miles Traveled 57,471 million miles 21 2022  
Land in Farms 25.4 million acres 14 2023  
Climate Minnesota U.S. Rank Period
Average Temperature 43.9 degrees Fahrenheit 46 2023  
Precipitation 24.1 inches 38 2023  
Prices  
Petroleum Minnesota U.S. Average Period find more
Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase -- $ 78.16 /barrel May-24  
Natural Gas Minnesota U.S. Average Period find more
City Gate $ 4.22 /thousand cu ft $ 3.69 /thousand cu ft May-24 find more
Residential $ 14.87 /thousand cu ft $ 18.03 /thousand cu ft May-24 find more
Coal Minnesota U.S. Average Period find more
Average Sales Price -- $ 54.46 /short ton 2022  
Delivered to Electric Power Sector $ 2.31 /million Btu $ 2.56 /million Btu May-24  
Electricity Minnesota U.S. Average Period find more
Residential 15.69 cents/kWh 16.43 cents/kWh May-24 find more
Commercial 12.19 cents/kWh 12.48 cents/kWh May-24 find more
Industrial 9.28 cents/kWh 7.95 cents/kWh May-24 find more
Reserves  
Reserves Minnesota Share of U.S. Period find more
Crude Oil (as of Dec. 31) -- -- 2022 find more
Expected Future Production of Dry Natural Gas (as of Dec. 31) -- -- 2022 find more
Expected Future Production of Natural Gas Plant Liquids -- -- 2022 find more
Recoverable Coal at Producing Mines -- -- 2022 find more
Rotary Rigs & Wells Minnesota Share of U.S. Period find more
Natural Gas Producing Wells -- -- 2020 find more
Capacity Minnesota Share of U.S. Period
Crude Oil Refinery Capacity (as of Jan. 1) 440,000 barrels/calendar day 2.4% 2023  
Electric Power Industry Net Summer Capacity 17,874 MW 1.5% May-24  
Supply & Distribution  
Production Minnesota Share of U.S. Period find more
Total Energy 461 trillion Btu 0.5% 2022 find more
Crude Oil -- -- May-24 find more
Natural Gas - Marketed -- -- 2022 find more
Coal -- -- 2022 find more
Total Utility-Scale Net Electricity Generation Minnesota Share of U.S. Period find more
Total Net Electricity Generation 4,781 thousand MWh 1.4% May-24  
Utility-Scale Net Electricity Generation (share of total) Minnesota U.S. Average Period
Petroleum-Fired * 0.3 % May-24 find more
Natural Gas-Fired 27.0 % 41.6 % May-24 find more
Coal-Fired 11.7 % 13.4 % May-24 find more
Nuclear 25.2 % 18.8 % May-24 find more
Renewables 35.3 % 25.5 % May-24  
Stocks Minnesota Share of U.S. Period find more
Motor Gasoline (Excludes Pipelines) 238 thousand barrels 1.9% May-24  
Distillate Fuel Oil (Excludes Pipelines) 2,154 thousand barrels 2.3% May-24 find more
Natural Gas in Underground Storage 5,881 million cu ft 0.1% May-24 find more
Petroleum Stocks at Electric Power Producers 74 thousand barrels 0.3% May-24 find more
Coal Stocks at Electric Power Producers 3,238 thousand tons 2.4% May-24 find more
Fueling Stations Minnesota Share of U.S. Period
Motor Gasoline 2,060 stations 1.9% 2021  
Propane 42 stations 1.7% Jul-24  
Electric Vehicle Charging Locations 804 stations 1.3% Jul-24  
E85 405 stations 9.2% Jul-24  
Biodiesel, Compressed Natural Gas, and Other Alternative Fuels 317 stations 10.9% Jul-24  
Consumption & Expenditures  
Summary Minnesota U.S. Rank Period
Total Consumption 1,760 trillion Btu 18 2022 find more
Total Consumption per Capita 925 million Btu 2 2022 find more
Total Expenditures $ 29,964 million 22 2022 find more
Total Expenditures per Capita $ 4,588 41 2022 find more
by End-Use Sector Minnesota Share of U.S. Period
Consumption
    »  Residential 402 trillion Btu 2.1% 2022 find more
    »  Commercial 338 trillion Btu 2.0% 2022 find more
    »  Industrial 568 trillion Btu 1.8% 2022 find more
    »  Transportation 447 trillion Btu 1.6% 2022 find more
Expenditures
    »  Residential $ 6,129 million 1.8% 2022 find more
    »  Commercial $ 4,634 million 1.9% 2022 find more
    »  Industrial $ 5,163 million 1.8% 2022 find more
    »  Transportation $ 14,038 million 1.6% 2022 find more
by Source Minnesota Share of U.S. Period
Consumption
    »  Petroleum 116 million barrels 1.6% 2022 find more
    »  Natural Gas 507 billion cu ft 1.6% 2022 find more
    »  Coal 10,478 thousand short tons 2.0% 2022 find more
Expenditures
    »  Petroleum $ 17,648 million 1.7% 2022 find more
    »  Natural Gas $ 4,767 million 1.8% 2022 find more
    »  Coal $ 439 million 1.6% 2022 find more
Consumption for Electricity Generation Minnesota Share of U.S. Period find more
Petroleum 7 thousand barrels 0.4% May-24 find more
Natural Gas 8,705 million cu ft 0.8% May-24 find more
Coal 336 thousand tons 1.3% May-24 find more
Energy Source Used for Home Heating (share of households) Minnesota U.S. Average Period
Natural Gas 65.3 % 46.2 % 2022  
Fuel Oil 1.2 % 3.9 % 2022  
Electricity 18.7 % 41.3 % 2022  
Propane 11.2 % 5.0 % 2022  
Other/None 3.6 % 3.5 % 2022  
Environment  
Renewable Energy Capacity Minnesota Share of U.S. Period find more
Total Renewable Energy Electricity Net Summer Capacity 6,756 MW 2.0% May-24  
Ethanol Plant Nameplate Capacity 1,418 million gal/year 8.0% 2023  
Renewable Energy Production Minnesota Share of U.S. Period find more
Utility-Scale Hydroelectric Net Electricity Generation 62 thousand MWh 0.3% May-24  
Utility-Scale Solar, Wind, and Geothermal Net Electricity Generation 1,526 thousand MWh 2.5% May-24  
Utility-Scale Biomass Net Electricity Generation 101 thousand MWh 2.5% May-24  
Small-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Generation 44 thousand MWh 0.5% May-24  
Fuel Ethanol Production 31,289 thousand barrels 8.6% 2022  
Renewable Energy Consumption Minnesota U.S. Rank Period find more
Renewable Energy Consumption as a Share of State Total 13.1 % 13 2022  
Fuel Ethanol Consumption 7,237 thousand barrels 18 2022  
Total Emissions Minnesota Share of U.S. Period find more
Carbon Dioxide 83.2 million metric tons 1.7% 2021  
Electric Power Industry Emissions Minnesota Share of U.S. Period find more
Carbon Dioxide 22,327 thousand metric tons 1.4% 2022  
Sulfur Dioxide 14 thousand metric tons 1.3% 2022  
Nitrogen Oxide 21 thousand metric tons 1.7% 2022  

Notes & Sources

-- = No data reported.
*  = Value is less than half of the smallest unit of measure (e.g., for values with no decimals, the smallest unit is 1 then values less than 0.5 are shown as *.)
NA = Not available.
NM = Not meaningful due to large relative standard error or excessive percentage change.
W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.
Note: Small differences between source data and values displayed here may be due to independent rounding.
Note: Components of "Utility-scale net electricity generation (share of total)" may not add to 100% because "Total utility-scale net electricity generation" includes net generation from petroleum coke, pumped storage hydroelectric, other gases, and other energy sources, which are not shown separately.
Note: Territory data may be estimates based on EIA's Short-Term Energy Outlook.