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Iowa   Iowa Profile

State Profile and Energy Estimates

Changes to the State Energy Data System (SEDS) Notice: In October 2023, we updated the way we calculate primary energy consumption of electricity generation from noncombustible renewable energy sources (solar, wind, hydroelectric, and geothermal). Visit our Changes to 1960—2022 conversion factor for renewable energy page to learn more.

Profile DataPrint State Energy Profile
(overview, data, & analysis)

Last Update: March 21, 2024 Next Update: April 18, 2024                                                                                                                                               See full record of updates

Data in this section highlight only a small number of the many series available for this state. Use the "more" links on this page or the "Find" tool to access EIA's additional state-level data.

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Energy Indicators  
Demography Iowa Share of U.S. Period
Population 3.2 million 1.0% 2022  
Civilian Labor Force 1.7 million 1.0% Jan-24  
Economy Iowa U.S. Rank Period
Gross Domestic Product $ 231.1 billion 31 2022  
Gross Domestic Product for the Manufacturing Sector $ 43,913 million 23 2022  
Per Capita Personal Income $ 58,905 31 2022  
Vehicle Miles Traveled 32,712 million miles 32 2022  
Land in Farms 30.5 million acres 10 2022  
Climate Iowa U.S. Rank Period
Average Temperature 50.6 degrees Fahrenheit 31 2023  
Precipitation 26.8 inches 35 2023  
Prices  
Petroleum Iowa U.S. Average Period find more
Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase -- $ 71.00 /barrel Dec-23  
Natural Gas Iowa U.S. Average Period find more
City Gate $ 4.21 /thousand cu ft $ 4.39 /thousand cu ft Dec-23 find more
Residential $ 8.04 /thousand cu ft $ 12.94 /thousand cu ft Dec-23 find more
Coal Iowa U.S. Average Period find more
Average Sales Price -- $ 54.46 /short ton 2022  
Delivered to Electric Power Sector $ 1.74 /million Btu $ 2.48 /million Btu Dec-23  
Electricity Iowa U.S. Average Period find more
Residential 11.88 cents/kWh 15.73 cents/kWh Dec-23 find more
Commercial 9.30 cents/kWh 12.39 cents/kWh Dec-23 find more
Industrial 6.01 cents/kWh 7.66 cents/kWh Dec-23 find more
Reserves  
Reserves Iowa Share of U.S. Period find more
Crude Oil (as of Dec. 31) -- -- 2021 find more
Expected Future Production of Dry Natural Gas (as of Dec. 31) -- -- 2021 find more
Expected Future Production of Natural Gas Plant Liquids -- -- 2021 find more
Recoverable Coal at Producing Mines -- -- 2022 find more
Rotary Rigs & Wells Iowa Share of U.S. Period find more
Natural Gas Producing Wells -- -- 2020 find more
Capacity Iowa Share of U.S. Period
Crude Oil Refinery Capacity (as of Jan. 1) -- -- 2023  
Electric Power Industry Net Summer Capacity 22,705 MW 1.9% Dec-23  
Supply & Distribution  
Production Iowa Share of U.S. Period find more
Total Energy 959 trillion Btu 1.0% 2021 find more
Crude Oil -- -- Dec-23 find more
Natural Gas - Marketed -- -- 2022 find more
Coal -- -- 2022 find more
Total Utility-Scale Net Electricity Generation Iowa Share of U.S. Period find more
Total Net Electricity Generation 5,915 thousand MWh 1.7% Dec-23  
Utility-Scale Net Electricity Generation (share of total) Iowa U.S. Average Period
Petroleum-Fired 0.2 % 0.3 % Dec-23 find more
Natural Gas-Fired 13.9 % 42.2 % Dec-23 find more
Coal-Fired 18.7 % 16.2 % Dec-23 find more
Nuclear 0.0 % 19.9 % Dec-23 find more
Renewables 67.2 % 20.9 % Dec-23  
Stocks Iowa Share of U.S. Period find more
Motor Gasoline (Excludes Pipelines) 35 thousand barrels 0.3% Dec-23  
Distillate Fuel Oil (Excludes Pipelines) 2,547 thousand barrels 2.5% Dec-23 find more
Natural Gas in Underground Storage 259,038 million cu ft 3.3% Dec-23 find more
Petroleum Stocks at Electric Power Producers 77 thousand barrels 0.3% Dec-23 find more
Coal Stocks at Electric Power Producers 5,097 thousand tons 3.9% Dec-23 find more
Fueling Stations Iowa Share of U.S. Period
Motor Gasoline 1,690 stations 1.5% 2021  
Propane 34 stations 1.4% Feb-24  
Electric Vehicle Charging Locations 354 stations 0.6% Feb-24  
E85 335 stations 7.8% Feb-24  
Biodiesel, Compressed Natural Gas, and Other Alternative Fuels 334 stations 12.0% Feb-24  
Consumption & Expenditures  
Summary Iowa U.S. Rank Period
Total Consumption 1,566 trillion Btu 24 2021 find more
Total Consumption per Capita 490 million Btu 5 2021 find more
Total Expenditures $ 16,773 million 28 2021 find more
Total Expenditures per Capita $ 5,245 7 2021 find more
by End-Use Sector Iowa Share of U.S. Period
Consumption
    »  Residential 231 trillion Btu 1.1% 2021 find more
    »  Commercial 185 trillion Btu 1.1% 2021 find more
    »  Industrial 852 trillion Btu 2.6% 2021 find more
    »  Transportation 297 trillion Btu 1.1% 2021 find more
Expenditures
    »  Residential $ 2,917 million 1.0% 2021 find more
    »  Commercial $ 1,877 million 0.9% 2021 find more
    »  Industrial $ 5,168 million 2.2% 2021 find more
    »  Transportation $ 6,811 million 1.1% 2021 find more
by Source Iowa Share of U.S. Period
Consumption
    »  Petroleum 88 million barrels 1.2% 2021 find more
    »  Natural Gas 438 billion cu ft 1.4% 2022 find more
    »  Coal 13,003 thousand short tons 2.5% 2022 find more
Expenditures
    »  Petroleum $ 9,190 million 1.2% 2021 find more
    »  Natural Gas $ 4,031 million 1.5% 2022 find more
    »  Coal $ 418 million 1.6% 2022 find more
Consumption for Electricity Generation Iowa Share of U.S. Period find more
Petroleum 22 thousand barrels 1.2% Dec-23 find more
Natural Gas 6,292 million cu ft 0.6% Dec-23 find more
Coal 638 thousand tons 2.0% Dec-23 find more
Energy Source Used for Home Heating (share of households) Iowa U.S. Average Period
Natural Gas 59.6 % 46.2 % 2022  
Fuel Oil 0.3 % 3.9 % 2022  
Electricity 24.4 % 41.3 % 2022  
Propane 13.4 % 5.0 % 2022  
Other/None 2.4 % 3.5 % 2022  
Environment  
Renewable Energy Capacity Iowa Share of U.S. Period find more
Total Renewable Energy Electricity Net Summer Capacity 13,293 MW 4.0% Dec-23  
Ethanol Plant Nameplate Capacity 4,830 million gal/year 27.3% 2023  
Renewable Energy Production Iowa Share of U.S. Period find more
Utility-Scale Hydroelectric Net Electricity Generation 63 thousand MWh 0.3% Dec-23  
Utility-Scale Solar, Wind, and Geothermal Net Electricity Generation 3,895 thousand MWh 8.0% Dec-23  
Utility-Scale Biomass Net Electricity Generation 18 thousand MWh 0.4% Dec-23  
Small-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Generation 20 thousand MWh 0.4% Dec-23  
Fuel Ethanol Production 97,418 thousand barrels 27.2% 2021  
Renewable Energy Consumption Iowa U.S. Rank Period find more
Renewable Energy Consumption as a Share of State Total 38.2 % 4 2021  
Fuel Ethanol Consumption 4,223 thousand barrels 28 2021  
Total Emissions Iowa Share of U.S. Period find more
Carbon Dioxide 73.1 million metric tons 1.5% 2021  
Electric Power Industry Emissions Iowa Share of U.S. Period find more
Carbon Dioxide 26,163 thousand metric tons 1.6% 2022  
Sulfur Dioxide 23 thousand metric tons 2.1% 2022  
Nitrogen Oxide 26 thousand metric tons 2.1% 2022  

Notes & Sources

-- = No data reported.
*  = Value is less than half of the smallest unit of measure (e.g., for values with no decimals, the smallest unit is 1 then values less than 0.5 are shown as *.)
NA = Not available.
NM = Not meaningful due to large relative standard error or excessive percentage change.
W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.
Note: Small differences between source data and values displayed here may be due to independent rounding.
Note: Components of "Utility-scale net electricity generation (share of total)" may not add to 100% because "Total utility-scale net electricity generation" includes net generation from petroleum coke, pumped storage hydroelectric, other gases, and other energy sources, which are not shown separately.
Note: Territory data may be estimates based on EIA's Short-Term Energy Outlook.