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Alabama   Alabama Profile

State Profile and Energy Estimates

Changes to the State Energy Data System (SEDS) Notice: In October 2023, we updated the way we calculate primary energy consumption of electricity generation from noncombustible renewable energy sources (solar, wind, hydroelectric, and geothermal). Visit our Changes to 1960—2022 conversion factor for renewable energy page to learn more.

Profile DataPrint State Energy Profile
(overview, data, & analysis)

Last Update: February 15, 2024 Next Update: March 21, 2024                                                                                                                                               See full record of updates

Data in this section highlight only a small number of the many series available for this state. Use the "more" links on this page or the "Find" tool to access EIA's additional state-level data.

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Energy Indicators  
Demography Alabama Share of U.S. Period
Population 5.1 million 1.5% 2022  
Civilian Labor Force 2.3 million 1.4% Dec-23  
Economy Alabama U.S. Rank Period
Gross Domestic Product $ 277.8 billion 27 2022  
Gross Domestic Product for the Manufacturing Sector $ 44,450 million 22 2022  
Per Capita Personal Income $ 50,637 49 2022  
Vehicle Miles Traveled 71,892 million miles 17 2021  
Land in Farms 8.2 million acres 32 2022  
Climate Alabama U.S. Rank Period
Average Temperature 65.5 degrees Fahrenheit 6 2023  
Precipitation 50.7 inches 11 2023  
Prices  
Petroleum Alabama U.S. Average Period find more
Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase $ 74.56 /barrel $ 77.46 /barrel Nov-23  
Natural Gas Alabama U.S. Average Period find more
City Gate $ 4.08 /thousand cu ft $ 4.36 /thousand cu ft Nov-23 find more
Residential $ 21.18 /thousand cu ft $ 13.36 /thousand cu ft Nov-23 find more
Coal Alabama U.S. Average Period find more
Average Sales Price $ 269.00 /short ton $ 54.46 /short ton 2022  
Delivered to Electric Power Sector $ 2.97 /million Btu $ 2.51 /million Btu Nov-23  
Electricity Alabama U.S. Average Period find more
Residential 14.89 cents/kWh 16.19 cents/kWh Nov-23 find more
Commercial 13.52 cents/kWh 12.60 cents/kWh Nov-23 find more
Industrial 7.50 cents/kWh 7.90 cents/kWh Nov-23 find more
Reserves  
Reserves Alabama Share of U.S. Period find more
Crude Oil (as of Dec. 31) 26 million barrels 0.1% 2021 find more
Expected Future Production of Dry Natural Gas (as of Dec. 31) 1,295 billion cu ft 0.2% 2021 find more
Expected Future Production of Natural Gas Plant Liquids 30 million barrels 0.1% 2021 find more
Recoverable Coal at Producing Mines 181 million short tons 1.6% 2022 find more
Rotary Rigs & Wells Alabama Share of U.S. Period find more
Natural Gas Producing Wells 5,387 wells 1.1% 2020 find more
Capacity Alabama Share of U.S. Period
Crude Oil Refinery Capacity (as of Jan. 1) 142,100 barrels/calendar day 0.8% 2023  
Electric Power Industry Net Summer Capacity 31,057 MW 2.6% Nov-23  
Supply & Distribution  
Production Alabama Share of U.S. Period find more
Total Energy 1,139 trillion Btu 1.2% 2021 find more
Crude Oil 10 thousand barrels per day 0.1% Nov-23 find more
Natural Gas - Marketed 95,790 million cu ft 0.2% 2022 find more
Coal 10,408 thousand short tons 1.8% 2022 find more
Total Utility-Scale Net Electricity Generation Alabama Share of U.S. Period find more
Total Net Electricity Generation 11,504 thousand MWh 3.6% Nov-23  
Utility-Scale Net Electricity Generation (share of total) Alabama U.S. Average Period
Petroleum-Fired * 0.3 % Nov-23 find more
Natural Gas-Fired 47.1 % 42.0 % Nov-23 find more
Coal-Fired 12.0 % 15.9 % Nov-23 find more
Nuclear 31.9 % 19.3 % Nov-23 find more
Renewables 9.0 % 21.9 % Nov-23  
Stocks Alabama Share of U.S. Period find more
Motor Gasoline (Excludes Pipelines) 99 thousand barrels 0.8% Nov-23  
Distillate Fuel Oil (Excludes Pipelines) 975 thousand barrels 1.2% Nov-23 find more
Natural Gas in Underground Storage 33,036 million cu ft 0.4% Nov-23 find more
Petroleum Stocks at Electric Power Producers 248 thousand barrels 1.1% Nov-23 find more
Coal Stocks at Electric Power Producers 3,769 thousand tons 2.9% Nov-23 find more
Fueling Stations Alabama Share of U.S. Period
Motor Gasoline 3,110 stations 2.8% 2021  
Propane 52 stations 2.1% Jan-24  
Electric Vehicle Charging Locations 347 stations 0.6% Jan-24  
E85 23 stations 0.5% Jan-24  
Biodiesel, Compressed Natural Gas, and Other Alternative Fuels 7 stations 0.3% Jan-24  
Consumption & Expenditures  
Summary Alabama U.S. Rank Period
Total Consumption 1,966 trillion Btu 16 2021 find more
Total Consumption per Capita 389 million Btu 13 2021 find more
Total Expenditures $ 24,224 million 19 2021 find more
Total Expenditures per Capita $ 4,797 11 2021 find more
by End-Use Sector Alabama Share of U.S. Period
Consumption
    »  Residential 339 trillion Btu 1.6% 2021 find more
    »  Commercial 247 trillion Btu 1.4% 2021 find more
    »  Industrial 825 trillion Btu 2.5% 2021 find more
    »  Transportation 554 trillion Btu 2.0% 2021 find more
Expenditures
    »  Residential $ 4,729 million 1.7% 2021 find more
    »  Commercial $ 3,155 million 1.6% 2021 find more
    »  Industrial $ 4,618 million 2.0% 2021 find more
    »  Transportation $ 11,722 million 1.9% 2021 find more
by Source Alabama Share of U.S. Period
Consumption
    »  Petroleum 116 million barrels 1.6% 2021 find more
    »  Natural Gas 764 billion cu ft 2.4% 2022 find more
    »  Coal 15,856 thousand short tons 3.1% 2022 find more
Expenditures
    »  Petroleum $ 13,087 million 1.7% 2021 find more
    »  Natural Gas $ 6,054 million 2.2% 2022 find more
    »  Coal $ 929 million 3.5% 2022 find more
Consumption for Electricity Generation Alabama Share of U.S. Period find more
Petroleum 9 thousand barrels 0.5% Nov-23 find more
Natural Gas 27,795 million cu ft 3.1% Apr-23 find more
Coal 729 thousand tons 2.5% Nov-23 find more
Energy Source Used for Home Heating (share of households) Alabama U.S. Average Period
Natural Gas 25.3 % 46.2 % 2022  
Fuel Oil 0.1 % 3.9 % 2022  
Electricity 67.7 % 41.3 % 2022  
Propane 5.3 % 5.0 % 2022  
Other/None 1.5 % 3.5 % 2022  
Environment  
Renewable Energy Capacity Alabama Share of U.S. Period find more
Total Renewable Energy Electricity Net Summer Capacity 4,529 MW 1.4% Nov-23  
Ethanol Plant Nameplate Capacity -- -- 2023  
Renewable Energy Production Alabama Share of U.S. Period find more
Utility-Scale Hydroelectric Net Electricity Generation 705 thousand MWh 3.9% Nov-23  
Utility-Scale Solar, Wind, and Geothermal Net Electricity Generation 71 thousand MWh 0.1% Nov-23  
Utility-Scale Biomass Net Electricity Generation 259 thousand MWh 6.7% Nov-23  
Small-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Generation NM NM Nov-23  
Fuel Ethanol Production 0 thousand barrels 0.0% 2021  
Renewable Energy Consumption Alabama U.S. Rank Period find more
Renewable Energy Consumption as a Share of State Total 15.4 % 19 2021  
Fuel Ethanol Consumption 7,315 thousand barrels 17 2021  
Total Emissions Alabama Share of U.S. Period find more
Carbon Dioxide 108.4 million metric tons 2.2% 2021  
Electric Power Industry Emissions Alabama Share of U.S. Period find more
Carbon Dioxide 52,252 thousand metric tons 3.2% 2022  
Sulfur Dioxide 27 thousand metric tons 2.5% 2022  
Nitrogen Oxide 24 thousand metric tons 2.0% 2022  

Notes & Sources

-- = No data reported.
*  = Value is less than half of the smallest unit of measure (e.g., for values with no decimals, the smallest unit is 1 then values less than 0.5 are shown as *.)
NA = Not available.
NM = Not meaningful due to large relative standard error or excessive percentage change.
W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.
Note: Small differences between source data and values displayed here may be due to independent rounding.
Note: Components of "Utility-scale net electricity generation (share of total)" may not add to 100% because "Total utility-scale net electricity generation" includes net generation from petroleum coke, pumped storage hydroelectric, other gases, and other energy sources, which are not shown separately.
Note: Territory data may be estimates based on EIA's Short-Term Energy Outlook.