U.S. Refineries Run Range of Crude Oil Imports
Source: Form EIA-814; includes refineries in Virgin Islands & Puerto Rico
SBefore looking at what U.S. refiners did in 2004, we need to illustrate a point that is misunderstood by many outside of the refining industry.  The conversion capacity constraint argument implies a world where refining capacity is divided into two types, heavy sour crude oil processors and light sweet crude oil processors.

SRefiners are not as constrained as to what type of crude oil they can run as this over-simplification implies.  It is generally true that more light sweet crude oils such as Brent, WTI and Louisiana Light Sweet are run in less complex refineries, and most of the heavier sour crude oils such as Mars, Saudi Heavy and Maya are run in more complex refineries.
–Note that the U.S. “less complex refineries” running light sweet crude oils are considered “complex” by world standards.
–These U.S. refineries virtually all have FCC units and some even have coking units, albeit small units relative to distillation when compared to refiners using heavy sour crude oils.

SBut, as illustrated in this slide, many refiners in the U.S. run a wide range of crude oils from light sweet to heavy sour in their refineries.  These refiners will shift the crude oil feed mix as crude oil and product prices change.

SAlso note that much of the sweet crude oil is run in refineries that also process heavy and medium sour crude oils.

SThese exact mixes will change somewhat as economics change, which is illustrated on the next slides with some specific examples.  We will see that refiners were interested in more than just light sweet crude oils.