West Virginia Quick Facts
- West Virginia is the second-largest coal producer in the nation, after Wyoming, and accounts for 15% of U.S. total coal production. West Virginia has 16% of U.S. recoverable coal reserves, the third-largest state reserves after Wyoming and Illinois.
- In 2023, coal-fired electric power plants accounted for 86% of West Virginia's total electricity net generation. Renewable energy resources—primarily wind energy and hydroelectric power—contributed 7% and natural gas also provided about 7%.
- In 2022, West Virginia ranked fifth among the states in total energy production, accounting for 6% of the nation's total.
- In 2023, West Virginia was the fifth-largest producer of marketed natural gas. The state produced a record of nearly 3.2 trillion cubic feet of natural gas and about 95% of it came from shale gas wells.
- West Virginians use about three-fifths of the electricity generated in the state. As a result, West Virginia is a net supplier of electricity to the regional grid and ranks fifth in interstate transfers of electricity.
Last Updated: February 20, 2025
Data
Last Update: April 17, 2025 | Next Update: May 15, 2025
| Prices | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Petroleum | West Virginia | U.S. Average | Period | find more | |
| Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase | $ 65.47 /barrel | $ 73.08 /barrel | Jan-25 | ||
| Natural Gas | West Virginia | U.S. Average | Period | find more | |
| City Gate | $ 3.75 /thousand cu ft | $ 4.88 /thousand cu ft | Jan-25 | find more | |
| Residential | $ 10.74 /thousand cu ft | $ 12.34 /thousand cu ft | Jan-25 | find more | |
| Coal | West Virginia | U.S. Average | Period | find more | |
| Average Sales Price | $ 120.08 /short ton | $ 54.04 /short ton | 2023 | ||
| Delivered to Electric Power Sector | W | $ 2.40 /million Btu | Jan-25 | ||
| Electricity | West Virginia | U.S. Average | Period | find more | |
| Residential | 14.47 cents/kWh | 15.95 cents/kWh | Jan-25 | find more | |
| Commercial | 11.34 cents/kWh | 12.89 cents/kWh | Jan-25 | find more | |
| Industrial | 7.53 cents/kWh | 8.32 cents/kWh | Jan-25 | find more | |
| Reserves | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reserves | West Virginia | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Crude Oil (as of Dec. 31) | 174 million barrels | 0.4% | 2022 | find more | |
| Expected Future Production of Dry Natural Gas (as of Dec. 31) | 50,932 billion cu ft | 7.4% | 2022 | find more | |
| Expected Future Production of Natural Gas Plant Liquids | 2,634 million barrels | 8.1% | 2022 | find more | |
| Recoverable Coal at Producing Mines | 1,810 million short tons | 16.2% | 2023 | find more | |
| Rotary Rigs & Wells | West Virginia | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Natural Gas Producing Wells | 47,934 wells | 9.9% | 2020 | find more | |
| Capacity | West Virginia | Share of U.S. | Period | ||
| Crude Oil Refinery Capacity (as of Jan. 1) | 22,300 barrels/calendar day | 0.1% | 2024 | ||
| Electric Power Industry Net Summer Capacity | 15,130 MW | 1.2% | Jan-25 | ||
| Supply & Distribution | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Production | West Virginia | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Total Energy | 5,763 trillion Btu | 5.9% | 2022 | find more | |
| Crude Oil | 34 thousand barrels per day | 0.3% | Jan-25 | find more | |
| Natural Gas - Marketed | 3,150,354 million cu ft | 7.6% | 2023 | find more | |
| Coal | 84,560 thousand short tons | 14.6% | 2023 | find more | |
| Total Utility-Scale Net Electricity Generation | West Virginia | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Total Net Electricity Generation | 5,978 thousand MWh | 1.5% | Jan-25 | ||
| Utility-Scale Net Electricity Generation (share of total) | West Virginia | U.S. Average | Period | ||
| Petroleum-Fired | 0.1 % | 0.7 % | Jan-25 | find more | |
| Natural Gas-Fired | 3.0 % | 39.0 % | Jan-25 | find more | |
| Coal-Fired | 90.0 % | 20.7 % | Jan-25 | find more | |
| Nuclear | 0.0 % | 17.9 % | Jan-25 | find more | |
| Renewables | 6.9 % | 21.3 % | Jan-25 | ||
| Stocks | West Virginia | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Motor Gasoline (Excludes Pipelines) | 64 thousand barrels | 0.5% | Jan-25 | ||
| Distillate Fuel Oil (Excludes Pipelines) | 103 thousand barrels | 0.1% | Jan-25 | find more | |
| Natural Gas in Underground Storage | 378,551 million cu ft | 5.5% | Jan-25 | find more | |
| Petroleum Stocks at Electric Power Producers | 151 thousand barrels | 0.7% | Jan-25 | find more | |
| Coal Stocks at Electric Power Producers | 5,785 thousand tons | 5.1% | Jan-25 | find more | |
| Fueling Stations | West Virginia | Share of U.S. | Period | ||
| Motor Gasoline | 906 stations | 0.8% | 2022 | ||
| Propane | 8 stations | 0.3% | Mar-25 | ||
| Electric Vehicle Charging Locations | 167 stations | 0.2% | Mar-25 | ||
| E85 | 35 stations | 0.8% | Mar-25 | ||
| Biodiesel, Compressed Natural Gas, and Other Alternative Fuels | 1 stations | * | Mar-25 | ||
| Consumption & Expenditures | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Summary | West Virginia | U.S. Rank | Period | ||
| Total Consumption | 835 trillion Btu | 35 | 2022 | find more | |
| Total Consumption per Capita | 471 million Btu | 5 | 2022 | find more | |
| Total Expenditures | $ 10,873 million | 38 | 2022 | find more | |
| Total Expenditures per Capita | $ 6,129 | 12 | 2022 | find more | |
| by End-Use Sector | West Virginia | Share of U.S. | Period | ||
| Consumption | |||||
| » Residential | 154 trillion Btu | 0.8% | 2022 | find more | |
| » Commercial | 107 trillion Btu | 0.6% | 2022 | find more | |
| » Industrial | 384 trillion Btu | 1.2% | 2022 | find more | |
| » Transportation | 192 trillion Btu | 0.7% | 2022 | find more | |
| Expenditures | |||||
| » Residential | $ 1,973 million | 0.6% | 2022 | find more | |
| » Commercial | $ 1,149 million | 0.5% | 2022 | find more | |
| » Industrial | $ 2,407 million | 0.8% | 2022 | find more | |
| » Transportation | $ 5,345 million | 0.6% | 2022 | find more | |
| by Source | West Virginia | Share of U.S. | Period | ||
| Consumption | |||||
| » Petroleum | 40 million barrels | 0.5% | 2022 | find more | |
| » Natural Gas | 286 billion cu ft | 0.9% | 2023 | find more | |
| » Coal | 19,001 thousand short tons | 4.5% | 2023 | find more | |
| Expenditures | |||||
| » Petroleum | $ 6,803 million | 0.6% | 2022 | find more | |
| » Natural Gas | $ 840 million | 0.4% | 2023 | find more | |
| » Coal | $ 1,364 million | 5.7% | 2023 | find more | |
| Consumption for Electricity Generation | West Virginia | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Petroleum | 15 thousand barrels | 0.3% | Jan-25 | find more | |
| Natural Gas | 1,540 million cu ft | 0.1% | Jan-25 | find more | |
| Coal | 2,188 thousand tons | 4.8% | Jan-25 | find more | |
| Energy Source Used for Home Heating (share of households) | West Virginia | U.S. Average | Period | ||
| Natural Gas | 39.7 % | 46.0 % | 2023 | ||
| Fuel Oil | 2.2 % | 3.7 % | 2023 | ||
| Electricity | 46.2 % | 41.7 % | 2023 | ||
| Propane | 5.8 % | 5.0 % | 2023 | ||
| Other/None | 6.2 % | 3.5 % | 2023 | ||
| Environment | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Renewable Energy Capacity | West Virginia | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Total Renewable Energy Electricity Net Summer Capacity | 1,324 MW | 0.4% | Jan-25 | ||
| Ethanol Plant Nameplate Capacity | -- | -- | 2024 | ||
| Renewable Energy Production | West Virginia | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Utility-Scale Hydroelectric Net Electricity Generation | 123 thousand MWh | 0.6% | Jan-25 | ||
| Utility-Scale Solar, Wind, and Geothermal Net Electricity Generation | 287 thousand MWh | 0.5% | Jan-25 | ||
| Utility-Scale Biomass Net Electricity Generation | NM | NM | Jan-25 | ||
| Small-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Generation | 4 thousand MWh | 0.1% | Jan-25 | ||
| Fuel Ethanol Production | 0 thousand barrels | 0.0% | 2022 | ||
| Renewable Energy Consumption | West Virginia | U.S. Rank | Period | find more | |
| Renewable Energy Consumption as a Share of State Total | 3.7 % | 46 | 2022 | ||
| Fuel Ethanol Consumption | 1,845 thousand barrels | 38 | 2022 | ||
| Total Emissions | West Virginia | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Carbon Dioxide | 79.2 million metric tons | 1.6% | 2022 | ||
| Electric Power Industry Emissions | West Virginia | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Carbon Dioxide | 45,743 thousand metric tons | 3.0% | 2023 | ||
| Sulfur Dioxide | 36 thousand metric tons | 4.2% | 2023 | ||
| Nitrogen Oxide | 26 thousand metric tons | 2.3% | 2023 | ||
Analysis
Last Updated: February 20, 2025
Overview
West Virginia is the nation’s fifth-largest energy producer.
West Virginia is the nation's fifth-largest energy producer, with substantial fossil energy reserves and renewable resources.1,2 Located in the center of the Appalachian Mountain region, West Virginia's boundaries follow the region's mountain ridges, valleys, and rivers, giving the state an unusual outline that includes two panhandles. Although it is among the 10 smallest states in total area, West Virginia stretches from the Ohio River, where the state's northern panhandle is wedged between Pennsylvania and Ohio, to a point almost 240 miles away on the state's southern border with Virginia.3 Most of West Virginia is part of the Appalachian Plateau region, where much of the state's natural gas, coal, and crude oil reserves are found.4 Rivers that cross the Appalachian Plateau have plentiful hydroelectric power potential, while the narrow, wind-swept mountain ridges that run northeast to southwest in the Appalachian Valley and Ridge region of eastern West Virginia have the state's best wind resources.5,6 Almost four-fifths of the state is covered by forests, providing West Virginia with abundant biomass energy potential as well.7
West Virginia is a net energy supplier to other states and produced almost 6% of the nation's total energy in 2022. Three-fifths of West Virginia's energy production comes from the state's natural gas production.8,9 Because of increases in natural gas and natural gas liquids production from the Marcellus and Utica shales in northern West Virginia, natural gas surpassed coal for the first time in 2019 to become the largest contributor to the state's energy production.10,11 West Virginia is also a significant energy consumer on a per capita basis, ranking among the top 5 states.12 The industrial sector accounts for the largest share of West Virginia's energy consumption, about 46% of the state total.13 Mining—including coal, crude oil, and natural gas extraction—and chemical manufacturing are significant and energy-intensive contributors to the state's economy.14 The transportation sector accounts for 23% of the state's energy consumption, the residential sector uses 18%, and the commercial sector makes up 13%.15
Natural gas
West Virginia is the fifth-largest producer of marketed natural gas.
West Virginia is the nation's fifth-largest producer of marketed natural gas.16 The state is within the Marcellus Shale productive region, one of the largest natural gas-producing areas in the United States.17,18 West Virginia had about 39 trillion cubic feet of shale gas reserves at the end of 2021, the third-highest reserves among the states and one-tenth of the nation's total shale gas reserves.19 Production from the Marcellus and Utica-Point Pleasant shale formations accounts for about 95% of West Virginia's natural gas production.20 In 2014, the state's total natural gas production exceeded 1 trillion cubic feet for the first time, and in 2019, the energy value of West Virginia's natural gas production surpassed that of the state's coal production for the first time.21,22 In 2023, West Virginia's total annual gross withdrawals of natural gas surpassed 3 trillion cubic feet for the first time to reach a record of nearly 3.2 trillion cubic feet.23 Almost all of the state's natural gas production that is not from shale formations comes from conventional natural gas wells. West Virginia also has natural gas reserves and production from coalbeds, which accounted for 0.2% of the state's total natural gas production in 2023. Crude oil wells in West Virginia produce a small amount of natural gas as well.24
Several interstate and in-state natural gas pipelines cross West Virginia.25 Although pipelines bring natural gas into West Virginia from surrounding states, more natural gas leaves the state than enters because West Virginia consumes less natural gas than it produces and sends much of the excess supply out of state.26 In 2023, West Virginians consumed less than one-tenth of the natural gas produced in the state, and seven times more natural gas left West Virginia than entered the state.27,28,29 New pipeline projects have come online and more are planned to transport natural gas from the Marcellus and Utica Shale producing areas of West Virginia to markets across the eastern United States and Canada. In June 2024, the Mountain Valley Pipeline entered service. It spans 303 miles from northwestern West Virginia to southern Virginia.30,31,32 Natural gas processing plants that separate dry natural gas from associated natural gas liquids were constructed or expanded in West Virginia to handle the liquids produced from the Marcellus Shale.33,34,35 West Virginia has 31 underground natural gas storage fields with a combined storage capacity of about 533 billion cubic feet of natural gas, which is almost 6% of the nation's total underground natural gas storage capacity.36,37 The proximity of the state's natural gas storage fields to northeastern markets makes West Virginia an important supplier to the region during the winter months when natural gas demand for heating increases.38
Much of the natural gas consumed in West Virginia is used to gather, process, and distribute natural gas within the state and to maintain pressure in larger pipeline systems. In 2023, three-fifths of the total natural gas consumed in the state was used in this way. Of the remaining two-fifths of natural gas consumed in the state in 2023, deliveries to West Virginia's industrial sector accounted for 36%.39 The electric power sector received 27% of the state's natural gas deliveries. The commercial sector and the residential sector, where 4 out of 10 West Virginia households use natural gas for home heating, each account for 19% of deliveries.40,41 The consumption of natural gas for the state's electric power generation has increased in recent years and was 11 times greater in 2023 than it was a decade earlier.42 Even so, West Virginia is among the 10 states that use the smallest amount of natural gas for power generation.43 Compressed natural gas used as vehicle fuel accounts for a small amount of the state's natural gas consumption. West Virginia has two compressed natural gas fueling stations.44,45
Coal
West Virginia is the nation’s second-largest coal producer, after Wyoming.
Coal was discovered in West Virginia in the mid-1700s, but large-scale mining did not begin until the mid-1800s. Today, coal remains a major contributor to the state's economy.46 West Virginia is the nation's second-largest coal producer, after Wyoming, and accounts for about 15% of U.S. coal production.47 Coal is mined in 22 of the state's 55 counties.48 West Virginia's coal production has declined significantly during the past two decades, in part because of a decrease in coal-fired electricity generation nationwide.49,50,51 Although West Virginia's total coal production in 2023 was up for the third year in a row, totaling nearly 85 million short tons, coal output was still down 40% from what it was in 2003.52
West Virginia has 16% of all U.S. recoverable coal reserves, the third-largest state reserve base in the nation after Wyoming and Illinois.53 The state is the nation's largest producer of bituminous coal, the second-most abundant type of coal mined in the United States.54
About three-fifths of the coal produced at the 165 mines in West Virginia is used in 19 states, including West Virginia, and the rest goes to foreign markets.55,56,57 West Virginia is the source of the second-largest share of the nation's exported coal, with the state accounting for 28% of U.S. coal exports to other countries.58 About two-fifths of West Virginia's coal that is delivered domestically is used for electricity generation, with around 45% of that coal going to West Virginia power plants. Almost all the rest of the state's domestic coal shipments go to coking plants in the eastern half of the country.59 West Virginia receives some coal from other states, primarily Pennsylvania, and nearly all of it is delivered to the state's electric power sector.60 Fewer than 1% of households in the state heat with coal.61
Electricity
Coal fueled 86% of West Virginia's total electricity generation in 2023, and 8 of the state's 10 largest power plants by generation use coal.62,63 Almost 1,600 megawatts of the state's coal-fired generating capacity has retired since 2015. However, at the end of 2024 West Virginia still had about 12,500 megawatts of coal-fired generating capacity.64 In 2023, natural gas, wind, and hydropower supplied almost all the rest of West Virginia's total in-state generation. Natural gas fueled 7% of the state's generation, wind energy accounted for about 4%, and hydropower supplied 3%.65 West Virginia does not produce electricity from nuclear power and is one of eight states east of the Mississippi River without an operating nuclear power plant.66
West Virginia's total electricity sales are less than in almost three-fourths of the states, but the state is fourth in the nation in per capita electricity sales after North Dakota, Wyoming, and Louisiana.67 In 2023, the state's industrial sector accounted for 46% of West Virginia's electricity consumption. The state's residential sector, where almost half of households use electricity as their primary source for home heating, accounted for 32% of electricity use. The commercial sector made up 22% of the state's electricity consumption.68,69 Overall, West Virginians used about three-fifths of the electricity generated in the state. As a result, West Virginia is a net supplier of electricity to the regional grid and is among the top states in interstate transfers of electricity.70 In 2023, only four other states—Wyoming , Pennsylvania, Montana, and Alabama —sent a larger share of their electricity generation out of state.71 In 2023, West Virginia ranked 14th among the states with the lowest average electricity price.72 At the end of 2024, West Virginia had nearly 160 public-access electric vehicle charging locations.73
Petroleum
West Virginia has a minor amount of crude oil reserves, and the state accounted for less than 0.5% of U.S. crude oil production in 2023.74,75 West Virginia's first commercial oil field began producing just before the Civil War, and the state's total annual crude oil production rose to 16 million barrels in 1900.76 Production did not reach that level again until 2019, when production exceeded 17 million barrels. Crude oil production continued to rise, and West Virginia wells produced a record 19.5 million barrels of crude oil in 2020, before declining the following two years. Output climbed to 18.6 million barrels in 2023.77 Much of the state's oil production comes from drilling in the state's northern panhandle.78,79 West Virginia has one oil refinery, which is located on the Ohio River at the tip of the state's northern panhandle in Newel.80 That refinery can process about 22,000 barrels of crude oil per calendar day into diesel fuel and paraffinic specialty products.81,82
West Virginia uses less total petroleum than four-fifths of the states, but its per capita petroleum consumption is greater than in about two-thirds of the states.83 The transportation sector accounts for 73% of West Virginia's petroleum use, mostly as motor gasoline and diesel fuel.84,85 Conventional motor gasoline without ethanol can be used statewide, but, as in most of the nation, motor gasoline blended with at least 10% ethanol is widely available.86,87 West Virginia does not produce any fuel ethanol or biodiesel.88 However, the state consumes about 1.8 million barrels of fuel ethanol and 191,000 barrels of biodiesel each year.89,90 West Virginia has 40 fueling stations that sell E85—a blend of 85% ethanol and 15% motor gasoline—and one biodiesel fueling station.91 The industrial sector accounts for the second-largest share of petroleum use at 21% of the state total. The residential sector, where 1 in 13 households heat with petroleum products, and the commercial sector each use about 3%. The electric power sector accounts for almost 1% of state petroleum use.92,93
Renewable energy
In 2023, wind power generation in West Virginia reached a record high.
Renewable resources provide almost all of West Virginia's electricity not fueled by coal or natural gas. In 2023, about 7% of the state's total net generation came from renewable resources, nearly all of it from wind energy and hydropower. Wind-powered generation in West Virginia reached an all-time high of 2.1 million megawatthours in 2023, accounting for almost 4% of the state's generation.94 Most of West Virginia's wind energy potential and all of its wind turbines are on the narrow ridges in the mountainous eastern third of the state.95 West Virginia's first utility-scale wind farm came online in 2002 with 66 megawatts of generating capacity, and its largest, the 264-megawatt Mount Storm wind farm, began operating in 2008.96
In 2023, hydroelectric power supplied about 3% of West Virginia's total electricity net generation.97 Hydropower has long been used in mountainous West Virginia, originally to power gristmills and sawmills and late98 to generate electricity.99 The oldest hydroelectric power plant still in service in West Virginia began operating in 1909. The largest of the state's dozen hydroelectric facilities is a 97-megawatt power plant built in the mid-1930s, and the newest, with a capacity of 44 megawatts, began operating in 2016.100
Solar energy and biomass contribute small amounts to West Virginia's in-state electricity supply. West Virginia has four large utility-scale (1 megawatt or larger) solar power facilities with a combined generating capacity of 124 megawatts that began operating in 2024. Two new solar farms with 14 megawatts of total capacity are scheduled to come online in 2025. Small-scale, customer-sited solar power installations (less than 1 megawatt each), such as rooftop panels, contribute minor but increasing amounts of in-state generation. Biomass fuels a small amount of West Virginia's net generation, all of it from a 3-megawatt landfill gas facility in Beckley.101,102
West Virginia adopted a renewable portfolio standard (RPS) in 2009 that required investor-owned electric utilities and retail suppliers with more than 30,000 customers to obtain 25% of their electricity from eligible alternative and renewable energy resources by 2025. However, in 2015, West Virginia became the first state in the nation to completely repeal its RPS.103 The state allows net metering for systems that generate electricity using renewable energy. Eligible net metering system capacity limits are 50 kilowatts for residential customers, 1 megawatt for commercial customers, and 2 megawatts for industrial customers.104
Endnotes
1 U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), State Energy Data System, Table P2, Primary Energy Production Estimates in Trillion Btu, 2022.
2 U.S. EIA, West Virginia Profile Data, Environment, accessed January 2, 2025.
3 NETSTATE, The Geography of West Virginia, The Land, accessed January 2, 2025.
4 West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey, Physiographic Provinces of West Virginia, updated December 18, 2019.
5 West Virginia Office of Energy, Renewable Energy, accessed January 2, 2025.
6 U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, WINDExchange, Wind Energy in West Virginia, Maps & Data, accessed January 2, 2025.
7 West Virginia Division of Forestry, Why Forests Matter, accessed January 2, 2025.
8 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table P3, Total Primary Energy Production and Total Energy Consumption Estimates in Trillion Btu, 2022.
9 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table P5A, Primary energy production estimates, fossil fuels and nuclear energy, in trillion Btu, ranked by state, 2022, and Table P5B, Primary energy production estimates, renewable and total energy, in trillion Btu, ranked by state, 2022.
10 Wilcox, Clay, 2022 Marcellus Shale and Utica‐Point Pleasant Production Summary, West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey (September 27, 2023).
11 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table PT2, Primary Energy Production Estimates in Trillion Btu, West Virginia, 1960-2022.
12 U.S. EIA, Rankings: Total Energy Consumed per Capita, 2022.
13 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F35, Total Energy Consumption, Price, and Expenditure Estimates, 2022.
14 U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Interactive Data, Regional Data, Regional GDP & Personal Income, Annual Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by State, SAGDP2 GDP by industry in current dollars, West Virginia, All statistics in table, 2023.
15 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F35, Total Energy Consumption, Price, and Expenditure Estimates, 2022.
16 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Production, Marketed Production, 2018-23.
17 U.S. EIA, Top U.S. Oil and Gas Fields (March 2015), Table 2, Top 100 U.S. gas fields as of December 31, 2013, p. 8.
18 U.S. Geological Survey, "USGS Estimates 214 Trillion Cubic Feet of Natural Gas in Appalachian Basin Formations," Press Release (October 3, 2019).
19 U.S. EIA, Shale Gas, Proved Reserves as of Dec. 31, 2021.
20 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Production, West Virginia, Gross withdrawals from Shale Gas Wells, 2018-23.
21 U.S. EIA, West Virginia Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals (Million Cubic Feet), 1967-2023.
22 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table PT2, Primary Energy Production Estimates in Trillion Btu, West Virginia, 1960-2022.
23 U.S. EIA, West Virginia Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals (Million Cubic Feet), 1967-2023.
24 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Production, West Virginia, 2018-23.
25 U.S. EIA, U.S. Energy Atlas, Energy Infrastructure and Resources Map, All Energy Infrastructure and Resources, West Virginia, Natural Gas Pipelines, accessed January 3, 2025.
26 U.S. EIA, "Natural gas production far exceeded consumption in West Virginia in 2019," Today in Energy (February 1, 2021).
27 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Consumption by End Use, Total Consumption, Annual, 2018-23.
28 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Production, Marketed Production, Annual, 2018-23.
29 U.S. EIA, International and Interstate Movements of Natural Gas by State, West Virginia, 2018-23.
30 U.S. EIA, "Recent completions of natural gas pipeline projects increase transportation capacity," Today in Energy (March 16, 2021).
31 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas, Pipelines, Pipeline Projects (XLSX), October 2024.
32 Mountain Valley Pipeline, accessed January 3, 2025.
33 U.S. EIA, "U.S. natural gas processing plant capacity and throughput have increased in recent years," Today in Energy (March 7, 2019).
34 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Natural Gas Plant Processing, West Virginia, 2018-23.
35 Galford, Chris, "North America's largest gas-processing facility expands operations in West Virginia," Daily Energy Insider (April 30, 2019).
36 U.S. EIA, Underground Natural Gas Storage Capacity, West Virginia, Annual, 2018-23.
37 U.S. EIA, Underground Natural Gas Storage Capacity, Total Storage Capacity, Annual, 2018-23.
38 Clemente, Jude, "West Virginia Emerging as a Natural Gas Powerhouse," Rigzone (September 23, 2019).
39 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Consumption by End Use, West Virginia, 2018-23.
40 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Consumption by End Use, West Virginia, 2018-23.
41 U.S. Census Bureau, West Virginia, Table B25040, House Heating Fuel, 2023 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.
42 U.S. EIA, West Virginia Natural Gas Deliveries to Electric Power Consumers (Million Cubic Feet), Annual, 1997-2023.
43 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Consumption by End Use, Volumes Delivered to Electric Power Consumers, Annual, 2018-23.
44 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Consumption by End Use, West Virginia, 2018-23.
45 U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Alternative Fuels Data Center, Alternative Fueling Station Locator, West Virginia, Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), Public and Private Access, Available, accessed January 8, 2025.
46 West Virginia Geologic and Economic Survey, History of West Virginia Mineral Industries-Coal, accessed January 8, 2025.
47 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report 2023 (October 30, 2024), Table 6, Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Coal Rank, 2023.
48 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report 2023 (October 30, 2024), Table 2, Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 2023.
49 U.S. EIA, Coal Data Browser, Aggregate coal mine production for all coal, Annual, West Virginia, 2001-23.
50 U.S. EIA, "U.S. coal-fired electricity generation decreased in 2022 and 2023," Today in Energy (May 10, 2024).
51 U.S. EIA, "Coal and natural gas plants will account for 98% of U.S. capacity retirements in 2023," Today in Energy (February 7, 2023).
52 U.S. EIA, Coal Data Browser, Aggregate coal mine production for all coal, Annual, West Virginia, 2001-23.
53 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report 2023 October 30, 2024), Table 14, Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines by State, 2023 and 2022.
54 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report 2023 (October 30, 2024), Table 6, Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Coal Rank, 2023.
55 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Distribution Report 2023 (October 30, 2024), Domestic and Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by State of Origin, 2023.
56 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Distribution Report 2023 (October 30, 2024), By Coal Origin State, West Virginia, Table OS-26, Domestic Coal Distribution, by Origin State, 2023.
57 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report 2023 (October 30, 2024), Table 6, Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Coal Rank, 2023.
58 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Distribution Report 2023 (October 30, 2024), Domestic and Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by State of Origin, 2023.
59 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Distribution Report 2023 (October 30, 2024), By Coal Origin State, West Virginia, Table OS-26, Domestic Coal Distribution, by Origin State, 2023.
60 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Distribution Report 2023 (October 30, 2024), By Coal Destination State, West Virginia, Table DS-41, Domestic Coal Distribution, by Destination State, 2023.
61 U.S. Census Bureau, West Virginia, Table B25040, House Heating Fuel, 2023 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.
62 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, West Virginia, Annual, 2001-23.
63 U.S. EIA, West Virginia Electricity Profile 2023, Table 2B.
64 U.S. EIA, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of December 2024, Inventory of Retired Generators as of December 2024.
65 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, West Virginia, Annual, 2001-23.
66 U.S. EIA Electric Power Monthly (February 2024), Table 1.9.B.
67 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C17, Electricity Sales to Ultimate Customers, Total and Residential, Total and per Capita, Ranked by State, 2022.
68 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Retail sales of electricity (million kilowatthours), 2001-23.
69 U.S. Census Bureau, West Virginia, Table B25040, House Heating Fuel, 2023 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.
70 U.S. EIA, West Virginia Electricity Profile 2023, Table 10.
71 U.S. EIA, Electric Power Monthly (February 2024), Table 1.3.B, Table 5.4.B.
72 U.S. EIA. Electric Power Annual (October 17, 2024), Electricity Sales, Table 2.10, Average Price of Electricity to Ultimate Customers by End-Use Sector, by State.
73 U.S. EIA, Monthly Energy Review (January 2025), Appendix F monthly state file, XLS, Public Ports only and Public & Private Ports combined.
74 U.S. EIA, Crude Oil Proved Reserves, Reserves Changes, and Production, Proved Reserves as of December 31, 2021.
75 U.S. EIA, Crude Oil Production, Annual Thousand Barrels, 2018-23.
76 West Virginia Office of Energy, Petroleum, accessed January 10, 2025.
77 U.S. EIA, West Virginia Field Production of Crude Oil, 1991-2023.
78 West Virginia Office of Energy, Petroleum, accessed January 10, 2025.
79 West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey, Oil and Gas Production Data, Oil-Gas Summary Production Statistics Query Page, 2022, revised February 6, 2024.
80 West Virginia Office of Energy, Petroleum, accessed January 10, 2025.
81 U.S. EIA, Number and Capacity of Petroleum Refineries, West Virginia, 2019-24.
82 Ergon, Inc., Ergon-West Virginia, accessed January 10, 2025.
83 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C15, Petroleum Consumption Estimates, Total and per Capita, Ranked by State, 2022.
84 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F16, Total Petroleum Consumption Estimates, 2022.
85 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C4, Total End-Use Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, 2022.
86 Southern States Energy Board, Gardner, K. W., U.S. Gasoline Requirements, (January 2018).
87 U.S. EIA, "Almost all U.S. gasoline is blended with 10% ethanol," Today in Energy (May 4, 2016).
88 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table P1, Primary Energy Production Estimates in Physical Units, 2022.
89 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F29, Fuel ethanol consumption estimates, 2022.
90 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F30, Biodiesel Consumption Estimates, 2022.
91 U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Alternative Fuels Data Center, Alternative Fueling Station Locator, West Virginia, Ethanol (E85), public and private access, and Biodiesel (B20 and above), accessed January 10, 2025.
92 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F16, Total Petroleum Consumption Estimates, 2022.
93 U.S. Census Bureau, West Virginia, Table B25040, House Heating Fuel, 2023 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.
94 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, West Virginia, Annual, 2001-23.
95 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, WINDExchange, Wind Energy in West Virginia, accessed January 13, 2025.
96 U.S. EIA, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of December 2024.
97 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, West Virginia, Annual, 2001-23.
98
99 The West Virginia Encyclopedia, Hydroelectricity, updated June 18, 2024.
100 U.S. EIA, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of December 2024.
101 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, West Virginia, Annual, 2001-23.
102 U.S. EIA, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of December 2024, Inventory of Planned Generators as of December 2024.
103 Fried, Rona, "West Virginia: First State to Repeal Renewable Portfolio Standard!" SustainableBusiness.com (January 23, 2015).
104 NC Clean Energy Technology Center, DSIRE, West Virginia, Net Metering, updated December 12, 2023.
Other Resources
Energy-Related Regions and Organizations
- Coal Region: Appalachian
- Petroleum Administration for Defense District (PADD): 1C
- Regional Transmission Organization (RTO) and Independent System Operator (ISO): PJM Interconnection (PJM)
- North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) ERO Enterprise: Regional Entities: Reliability First Corporation (RFC)
Other Websites
- West Virginia Office of Energy
- West Virginia Community Advancement and Development, Weatherization Assistance Program
- Public Service Commission of West Virginia
- West Virginia Office of Miners' Health, Safety and Training
- West Virginia Office of Energy, Home Energy Rebates
- West Virginia Department of Health and Human Services, Bureau for Family Assistance, Utility Assistance, LIEAP
- West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection, Office of Oil and Gas
- West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Air Quality - Energy Efficiency
- EIA West Virginia Flickr Album
- Southern States Energy Board
- Alternative Fuels Data Center, Federal and State Laws and Incentives
- USA.Gov, Get help with energy bills
- NC Clean Energy Technology Center, Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency (DSIRE)
- National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners (NARUC)
- National Association of State Energy Officials (NASEO)
- National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL), Energy
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Geospatial Data Science Data and Tools
- U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Publications
- U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Maps
- Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission (IOGCC)
- Southeastern Power Administration
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Office of Community Services, An Office of the Administration for Children & Families, Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP)
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Energy Flow Charts
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), SLOPE: State and Local Planning for Energy
- EIA Natural Gas Storage Dashboard
- EIA Energy Disruptions Maps
- U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Rural Development, Energy Programs
- West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection, Office of Abandoned Mine Lands and Reclamation
