New Jersey Quick Facts
- In 2021, natural gas and nuclear power accounted for 90% of New Jersey's total electricity net generation, although the state's generation was less than in 2019 due in part to reduced commercial sector electricity demand during COVID-19 mitigation efforts that led many businesses to close or scale back operations and many employees to work from home.
- Perth Amboy, New Jersey is the location of one of the three storage sites for the 1-million-barrel federal Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve. New Jersey's residential sector accounts for slightly more than 3% of state petroleum consumption.
- New Jersey was the nation's ninth-largest producer of electricity from solar energy in 2021 and ranked third in small-scale solar. Overall, solar power accounted for nearly 7% of in-state electricity generation.
- New Jersey's Board of Public Utilities has approved 3,700 megawatts of offshore wind power generating capacity and is set to solicit another 1,200 megawatts in early 2023 to reach the state's goal of obtaining 7,500 megawatts of wind power capacity by 2035 and 11,000 megawatts by 2040.
- About 73% of New Jersey households rely on natural gas as their primary heating fuel, 16% use electric heat, and about 9% use petroleum products. The rest use other fuels, including wood and solar energy.
Last Updated: November 17, 2022
Data
Last Update: September 21, 2023 | Next Update: October 19, 2023
| Prices | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Petroleum | New Jersey | U.S. Average | Period | find more | |
| Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase | -- | $ 68.58 /barrel | Jun-23 | ||
| Natural Gas | New Jersey | U.S. Average | Period | find more | |
| City Gate | $ 4.42 /thousand cu ft | $ 4.68 /thousand cu ft | Jun-23 | find more | |
| Residential | $ 15.35 /thousand cu ft | $ 20.16 /thousand cu ft | Jun-23 | find more | |
| Coal | New Jersey | U.S. Average | Period | find more | |
| Average Sales Price | -- | $ 36.50 /short ton | 2021 | ||
| Delivered to Electric Power Sector | -- | $ 2.47 /million Btu | Jun-23 | ||
| Electricity | New Jersey | U.S. Average | Period | find more | |
| Residential | 18.24 cents/kWh | 16.11 cents/kWh | Jun-23 | find more | |
| Commercial | 14.97 cents/kWh | 12.81 cents/kWh | Jun-23 | find more | |
| Industrial | 13.60 cents/kWh | 8.21 cents/kWh | Jun-23 | find more | |
| Reserves | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reserves | New Jersey | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Crude Oil (as of Dec. 31) | -- | -- | 2021 | find more | |
| Expected Future Production of Dry Natural Gas (as of Dec. 31) | -- | -- | 2021 | find more | |
| Expected Future Production of Natural Gas Plant Liquids | -- | -- | 2021 | find more | |
| Recoverable Coal at Producing Mines | -- | -- | 2021 | find more | |
| Rotary Rigs & Wells | New Jersey | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Natural Gas Producing Wells | -- | -- | 2020 | find more | |
| Capacity | New Jersey | Share of U.S. | Period | ||
| Crude Oil Refinery Capacity (as of Jan. 1) | 358,500 barrels/calendar day | 2.0% | 2022 | ||
| Electric Power Industry Net Summer Capacity | 16,776 MW | 1.4% | Jun-23 | ||
| Supply & Distribution | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Production | New Jersey | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Total Energy | 348 trillion Btu | 0.4% | 2021 | find more | |
| Crude Oil | -- | -- | Jun-23 | find more | |
| Natural Gas - Marketed | -- | -- | 2021 | find more | |
| Coal | -- | -- | 2021 | find more | |
| Total Utility-Scale Net Electricity Generation | New Jersey | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Total Net Electricity Generation | 5,544 thousand MWh | 1.6% | Jun-23 | ||
| Utility-Scale Net Electricity Generation (share of total) | New Jersey | U.S. Average | Period | ||
| Petroleum-Fired | NM | 0.3 % | Jun-23 | find more | |
| Natural Gas-Fired | 49.7 % | 45.3 % | Jun-23 | find more | |
| Coal-Fired | 0.0 % | 16.2 % | Jun-23 | find more | |
| Nuclear | 45.5 % | 18.2 % | Jun-23 | find more | |
| Renewables | 4.1 % | 19.6 % | Jun-23 | ||
| Stocks | New Jersey | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Motor Gasoline (Excludes Pipelines) | 186 thousand barrels | 1.4% | Jun-23 | ||
| Distillate Fuel Oil (Excludes Pipelines) | 3,748 thousand barrels | 4.4% | Jun-23 | find more | |
| Natural Gas in Underground Storage | -- | -- | Jun-23 | find more | |
| Petroleum Stocks at Electric Power Producers | 438 thousand barrels | 1.9% | Jun-23 | find more | |
| Coal Stocks at Electric Power Producers | 0 thousand tons | 0.0% | Jun-23 | find more | |
| Fueling Stations | New Jersey | Share of U.S. | Period | ||
| Motor Gasoline | 2,262 stations | 2.0% | 2021 | ||
| Propane | 16 stations | 0.7% | Aug-23 | ||
| Electric Vehicle Charging Locations | 1,052 stations | 1.9% | Aug-23 | ||
| E85 | 3 stations | 0.1% | Aug-23 | ||
| Compressed Natural Gas and Other Alternative Fuels | 17 stations | 0.6% | Aug-23 | ||
| Consumption & Expenditures | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Summary | New Jersey | U.S. Rank | Period | ||
| Total Consumption | 2,001 trillion Btu | 15 | 2021 | find more | |
| Total Consumption per Capita | 216 million Btu | 41 | 2021 | find more | |
| Total Expenditures | $ 30,994 million | 14 | 2021 | find more | |
| Total Expenditures per Capita | $ 3,344 | 46 | 2021 | find more | |
| by End-Use Sector | New Jersey | Share of U.S. | Period | ||
| Consumption | |||||
| » Residential | 580 trillion Btu | 2.8% | 2021 | find more | |
| » Commercial | 548 trillion Btu | 3.1% | 2021 | find more | |
| » Industrial | 243 trillion Btu | 0.7% | 2021 | find more | |
| » Transportation | 630 trillion Btu | 2.3% | 2021 | find more | |
| Expenditures | |||||
| » Residential | $ 7,951 million | 2.8% | 2021 | find more | |
| » Commercial | $ 6,592 million | 3.3% | 2021 | find more | |
| » Industrial | $ 2,497 million | 1.1% | 2021 | find more | |
| » Transportation | $ 13,954 million | 2.3% | 2021 | find more | |
| by Source | New Jersey | Share of U.S. | Period | ||
| Consumption | |||||
| » Petroleum | 147 million barrels | 2.0% | 2021 | find more | |
| » Natural Gas | 672 billion cu ft | 2.2% | 2021 | find more | |
| » Coal | * | 0.1% | 2021 | find more | |
| Expenditures | |||||
| » Petroleum | $ 16,603 million | 2.2% | 2021 | find more | |
| » Natural Gas | $ 5,052 million | 2.6% | 2021 | find more | |
| » Coal | $ 40 million | 0.2% | 2021 | find more | |
| Consumption for Electricity Generation | New Jersey | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Petroleum | NM | NM | Jun-23 | find more | |
| Natural Gas | 17,261 million cu ft | 1.9% | Apr-23 | find more | |
| Coal | 0 thousand short tons | 0.0% | Jun-23 | find more | |
| Energy Source Used for Home Heating (share of households) | New Jersey | U.S. Average | Period | ||
| Natural Gas | 72.8 % | 46.5 % | 2021 | ||
| Fuel Oil | 6.9 % | 4.1 % | 2021 | ||
| Electricity | 15.9 % | 41.0 % | 2021 | ||
| Propane | 2.5 % | 5.0 % | 2021 | ||
| Other/None | 2.0 % | 3.5 % | 2021 | ||
| Environment | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Renewable Energy Capacity | New Jersey | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Total Renewable Energy Electricity Net Summer Capacity | 1,317 MW | 0.4% | Jun-23 | ||
| Ethanol Plant Nameplate Capacity | -- | -- | 2023 | ||
| Renewable Energy Production | New Jersey | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Utility-Scale Hydroelectric Net Electricity Generation | 0 thousand MWh | 0.0% | Jun-23 | ||
| Utility-Scale Solar, Wind, and Geothermal Net Electricity Generation | 165 thousand MWh | 0.4% | Jun-23 | ||
| Utility-Scale Biomass Net Electricity Generation | 60 thousand MWh | 1.5% | Jun-23 | ||
| Small-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Generation | 369 thousand MWh | 4.9% | Jun-23 | ||
| Fuel Ethanol Production | 0 thousand barrels | 0.0% | 2021 | ||
| Renewable Energy Consumption | New Jersey | U.S. Rank | Period | find more | |
| Renewable Energy Consumption as a Share of State Total | 4.3 % | 47 | 2021 | ||
| Fuel Ethanol Consumption | 8,755 thousand barrels | 12 | 2021 | ||
| Total Emissions | New Jersey | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Carbon Dioxide | 89.1 million metric tons | 1.8% | 2021 | ||
| Electric Power Industry Emissions | New Jersey | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Carbon Dioxide | 14,786 thousand metric tons | 0.9% | 2021 | ||
| Sulfur Dioxide | 1 thousand metric tons | 0.1% | 2021 | ||
| Nitrogen Oxide | 9 thousand metric tons | 0.7% | 2021 | ||
Analysis
Last Updated: November 17, 2022
Overview
New Jersey is a major distribution center for petroleum products to the northeastern United States.
New Jersey, located on the Atlantic coast between New York, Pennsylvania, and Delaware, was nicknamed the Garden State in 1876 because of the large amount of food that was grown there at the time. It is the fourth-smallest state by land area and the most densely populated state in the nation at nearly 1,300 residents per square mile.1,2,3 Despite its extensive Atlantic Ocean beaches and its northern highlands that are part of the Appalachian chain, New Jersey is the only state where every county is considered urban by the U.S. Census Bureau.4 Although the state has some renewable resources, primarily solar and biomass from landfills and other municipal solid wastes, it has no fossil energy reserves.5,6,7,8 Even so, New Jersey plays a major role in the supply of energy to the Northeast. Shipping terminals on the Delaware River and at the New York-New Jersey harbor—with their connecting pipeline, rail, and air terminals—make the state a hub for the distribution of petroleum products throughout the northeastern states.9
New Jersey lies along the heavily traveled east coast transportation corridor. The state has more miles of roadway per square mile of land area than any other state, and the petroleum-dependent transportation sector consumes more energy than any other sector in the state.10,11 Many New Jersey residents commute to work in the New York City or Philadelphia metropolitan areas, and the state has some of the nation's longest average commute times. Long commutes contributed to the transportation sector accounting for 30% of the state's energy consumption in 2020.12,13 Even with the moderating impacts of the ocean on the New Jersey climate, the residential sector followed closely at 29.5% of state energy use, and the commercial sector was at 27%.14,15 Despite New Jersey's energy-intensive chemical manufacturing, food and beverage manufacturing, and petroleum refining industries, the industrial sector's energy consumption accounted for just 13% of the state's total energy use.16,17 New Jersey's economy is among the top 10 states as measured by gross domestic product (GDP) and has been for the last 50 years.18 New Jersey also ranks among the 10 states in both the lowest amount of energy consumed per dollar of GDP and the lowest per capita total energy consumption.19,20
Petroleum
New Jersey has no crude oil reserves or production, but the state has two operating oil refineries.21 Those two refineries have a combined capacity of almost 359,000 barrels per calendar day and produce a wide range of refined petroleum products, including motor gasoline, distillate fuel oil, aviation jet fuel, and petrochemical feedstocks.22,23,24 Four other New Jersey refineries, whose combined capacity was about 200,000 barrels per calendar day, closed between 2010 and 2017.25 Some of the shutdown refinery sites were converted into petroleum storage terminals, using the pipeline, railroad, highway, and marine infrastructure already at those locations.26,27,28
In addition to getting crude oil shipments by rail, New Jersey's refineries receive crude oil imports and petroleum products by tanker from all over the world at the New York-New Jersey Harbor.29 A large part of the harbor, which is the biggest petroleum products hub in the United States with a bulk terminal storage capacity of about 75 million barrels, is on the New Jersey side of the port.30 Several major petroleum product pipelines also cross New Jersey.31 Colonial Pipeline, the nation's largest refined product pipeline, has its northern terminus in Linden, New Jersey. Colonial supplies petroleum products from Gulf Coast refineries to the New York and New England markets.32 Other pipeline systems distribute refined petroleum products from New Jersey terminals and refineries to upstate New York and Pennsylvania.33,34
New Jersey is the 13th-largest petroleum-consuming state, but the 10th smallest in per capita petroleum use.
New Jersey is the 13th-largest petroleum-consuming state, but the 10th smallest in per capita petroleum use.35 The transportation sector accounts for about 80% of the petroleum consumed in the state, most of it as gasoline.36,37 New Jersey requires the statewide use of reformulated motor gasoline blended with ethanol to reduce smog-forming and toxic pollutants in the air.38 Although the state does not have any ethanol production plants, the New York-New Jersey Harbor area is the primary distribution hub for ethanol supplies for the East Coast.39 Facilities in New Jersey receive ethanol deliveries by rail from the Midwest and other motor gasoline blending components by ship from other countries.40,41 The industrial sector uses about 15% of the petroleum consumed in the state. The residential sector accounts for slightly more than 3%, and about 1 in 10 New Jersey households use petroleum products, mostly heating oil, as their primary source for home heating. The commercial sector makes up slightly less than 3% of the state's petroleum consumption.42,43 One of the three storage sites for the 1-million-barrel federal Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve is in New Jersey. The reserve was established in 2000 to avert heating oil shortages in the region during extreme winter weather.44
Natural gas
New Jersey does not produce natural gas, nor does the state have any natural gas reserves.45,46 All of the state's natural gas supply enters New Jersey from Pennsylvania and New York, and about two-fifths of that natural gas is then shipped on to New York.47 Several interstate pipelines cross New Jersey and bring natural gas into New York and New England. New pipeline projects will bring natural gas produced from Pennsylvania's Marcellus Shale into the Northeast through New Jersey.48,49,50,51
In 2021, New Jersey's residential sector made up the largest share of natural gas consumption for the first time since 2014, about 35% of the state total. Seven out of ten New Jersey households use natural gas as their primary home heating fuel. The electric power sector closely followed and accounted for about 33% of the state's natural gas consumption. The commercial sector used about 23% of the natural gas delivered to consumers, and the industrial sector accounted for 9% of the state total. A small amount of natural gas was consumed by the transportation sector as vehicle fuel and separately for pipeline and distribution use.52,53
Electricity
In 2021, natural gas and nuclear power fueled 90% of New Jersey’s total electricity generation.
Natural gas and nuclear energy account for almost all of New Jersey's electricity net generation. In 2021, the two fuels together accounted for 90% of the total electricity produced in the state. New Jersey's total generation was down about 12% from 2019 to 2021, partially because of reduced commercial sector electricity demand related to COVID-19 mitigation efforts that led many businesses to close or scale back operations and many employees to work from home. Natural gas accounted for most of the decreased generation.54,55
In 2021, natural gas accounted for 46% of the state's total electricity generation, and nuclear power provided 44%. Nuclear power declined in recent years following the permanent shutdown of the state's Oyster Creek single reactor nuclear power plant in 2018, which was the nation's oldest operating power reactor at the time.56,57,58 New Jersey's legislature approved financial support for the state's remaining three nuclear power reactors to prevent their closures.59,60
Renewables, mostly solar energy, at both utility-scale (1 megawatt or larger) and small-scale (less than 1 megawatt) facilities accounted for about 8% of New Jersey's total in-state electricity generation in 2021, about double their 2015 share. Coal generated less than 2% of the state's total net generation, about half the share from 2015.61 New Jersey's last two coal-fired power plants shut down in 2022.62,63,64,65,66
New Jersey consumes more electricity than it produces, and in 2020 New Jersey obtained about one-fifth of its power from generators in other states by way of the regional grid.67 The commercial sector accounts for about half of all electricity sales in the state, and the residential sector accounts for about two-fifths. Almost all of the rest of the state's electricity sales go to the industrial sector, although a small amount of electricity is used in the transportation sector.68 New Jersey's clean energy plan includes a goal to register 330,000 electric vehicles by 2025. At the beginning of 2022, the state had nearly 48,000 registered electric vehicles. The state offers financial incentives for purchasing electric vehicles and for installing charging stations.69,70 As of late 2022, New Jersey had close to 800 public electric vehicle charging stations.71 About 16 of every 100 state households use electricity for heating.72 New Jersey ranks among the 10 states with the highest average price for electricity.73
Renewable energy
In 2021, New Jersey ranked third in the nation in electricity generation from small-scale solar power systems.
In 2021, solar energy provided more than four-fifths of the electricity generated from renewable resources in New Jersey.74 New Jersey ranked ninth among the states in total installed solar photovoltaic (PV) generating capacity, eighth in total solar power generation, and third in generation from small-scale solar power systems.75 By mid-2022, solar power capacity in New Jersey totaled almost 3,300 megawatts and about two-thirds of it was from small-scale generating systems, such as rooftop solar panels.76 The state's largest solar farm, with 21 megawatts of generating capacity, began operating in mid-2021. A 20-megawatt solar farm is scheduled to come online at the end of 2022.77 New Jersey has a community solar program that allows groups of households, such as multifamily buildings, to connect to remotely located solar arrays of up to 5 megawatts within their utility service territory. They receive a credit on their power bills for the electricity that is generated.78,79
In 2021, biomass facilities accounted for about 15% of New Jersey's renewable electricity generation. Nearly three-fourths of the state's biomass generating capacity is fueled by municipal solid waste. The state's largest biomass-fueled facility is a 60-megawatt power plant at a waste disposal site near Newark-Liberty International Airport.80,81,82
Wind produced 0.4% of New Jersey's in-state renewable generation in 2021. There are two utility-scale onshore wind power facilities located on New Jersey's Atlantic Ocean coastline—a 1.5-megawatt single turbine located across from Staten Island in the New York City area and a 7.5-megawatt five-turbine wind farm in Atlantic City.83,84,85 The state has more wind power potential offshore.86 The massive 1,100-megawatt Ocean Wind 1 project, which will have up to 99 turbines that are about 850 feet tall each, will be located about 15 miles off the coast of southern New Jersey. It is planned to be operating in mid-2024.87,88 In 2018, the state set a goal to obtain 3,500 megawatts of offshore wind power by 2030. The goal was increased to 7,500 megawatts by 2035.89 The state increased the wind power goal again in September 2022 to 11,000 megawatts by 2040. By June 2021, the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities had approved 3,700 megawatts of offshore wind capacity and will solicit another 1,200 megawatts in the first quarter of 2023.90,91,92
Hydropower accounted for slightly less than 0.4% of New Jersey's net generation in 2021.93 The state has one small operating conventional hydroelectric plant with a capacity of 10 megawatts near New York City. There is also a large 460-megawatt pumped storage facility in the northwestern corner of New Jersey near the border with Pennsylvania.94 During periods of low power demand, the facility uses less costly electricity to pump water from a lower reservoir to an upper reservoir. Then, during periods when power demand and electricity prices are higher, the water is released from the upper reservoir and flows down through generating turbines on its way back to the lower reservoir, producing electricity. Although the plant uses more power than it generates, it supplies power in periods of peak demand when electricity prices are highest.95
In 1999, New Jersey adopted a renewable portfolio standard (RPS) and restructured its electric power sector. The state legislature has since enacted several substantial revisions to the RPS, including: increased use of solar energy, offshore wind energy, small-scale hydroelectric, and waste-to-energy facilities. The law was updated most recently in May 2018 and now requires that 50% of electricity sold in New Jersey come from approved renewable sources by 2030, a portion of which must be from offshore wind.96 In 2019, New Jersey released its Energy Master Plan: Pathway to 2050, which is a blueprint for meeting 100% of the state's energy needs with clean energy by 2050. The plan calls for carbon-neutral electricity generation, electrification of transportation, increased energy efficiency, improvements to the transmission grid, and building sector improvements that include expanding the net zero carbon homes incentive programs. The plan also calls for installing 2,000 megawatts of battery energy storage by 2030.97
New Jersey enacted an energy efficiency resource standard (EERS) in May 2018. The EERS requires that electric and natural gas utilities implement programs to reduce energy consumption. Each electric utility must achieve annual reductions in electricity demand that are equal to 2% of the average annual demand in the prior three years. Each natural gas public utility must achieve annual reductions in natural gas consumption equal to 0.75% of the average annual use during the prior three years within five years of the start of its natural gas energy efficiency program.98 New Jersey also requires that electric utilities offer net metering to customer-sited renewable facilities, most of which are rooftop solar panel systems. In 2018, the state legislature limited net metering to 5.8% of each electric power supplier's prior year total statewide electricity sales.99
Coal
New Jersey does not have any coal reserves or production.100 Since 2008, all coal consumed in New Jersey was delivered only to the electric power sector, and the state's annual consumption fell from more than 4 million tons in 2008 to about 496,000 tons in 2021.101 The state's last two coal-fired power plants closed in mid-2022.102
Endnotes
1 National Geographic Kids, New Jersey, Why's It Called That?, accessed October 22, 2022.
2 U.S. Census Bureau, State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates, updated December 16, 2022.
3 U.S. Census Bureau, Data, Historical Population Density Data (1910-2020), updated April 26, 2021.
4 World Population Review, New Jersey Population 2022, New Jersey Population Density and Area, accessed October 19, 2022.
5 National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Geospatial Data Science Data and Tools, Solar, Biomass, Wind, Water, accessed October 22, 2022.
6 U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Crude Oil Proved Reserves, Reserves Changes, and Production, Proved Reserves as of 12/31, 2015-20.
7 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Reserves Summary as of Dec. 31, Dry Natural Gas, 2015-20.
8 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report 2021 (October 18, 2022), Table 15, Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines, Estimated Recoverable Reserves, and Demonstrated Reserve Base by Mining Method, 2021.
9 Walsh, Kevin J., "The Port of New York and New Jersey, a Critical Hub of Global Commerce," Forbes (October 26, 2011).
10 Stockingblue, Miles of Roadway per Square Mile of Land in US States (March 30, 2018).
11 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C1, Energy Consumption Overview: Estimates by Energy Source and End-Use Sector, 2020.
12 Fanning, Carol, "This Is the Average Commute Time in Every U.S. State," Reader's Digest (March 25, 2022).
13 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C1, Energy Consumption Overview: Estimates by Energy Source and End-Use Sector, 2020.
14 Office of the New Jersey State Climatologist, NJ Climate Overview, Rutgers University, accessed October 19, 2022.
15 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C1, Energy Consumption Overview: Estimates by Energy Source and End-Use Sector, 2020.
16 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C11, Total Energy Consumption Estimates by End-Use Sector, Ranked by State, 2020.
17 U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Interactive Data, Regional Data, GDP and Personal Income, Annual Gross Domestic Product by State, GDP in current dollars, NAICS, New Jersey, All statistics in table, 2020.
18 Desjardins, Jeff, "Animation: The 20 Largest State Economies by GDP in the Last 50 Years," Visual Capitalist (August 22, 2019).
19 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C10, Total Energy Consumption Estimates, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Energy Consumption Estimates per Real Dollar of GDP, Ranked by State, 2020.
20 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C14, Total Energy Consumption Estimates per Capita by End-Use Sector, Ranked by State, 2020.
21 U.S. EIA, Crude Oil Proved Reserves, Reserves Changes, and Production, Proved Reserves as of 12/31 and Estimated Production, 2015-20.
22 U.S. EIA, Number and Capacity of Petroleum Refineries, Total Number of Operable Refineries, and Atmospheric Crude Oil Distillation Operable Capacity, Annual as of January 1, 2017-22.
23 PBF Energy, Refineries, Paulsboro, New Jersey, accessed October 19, 2022.
24 Phillips 66, Bayway Refinery, accessed October 19. 2022.
25 U.S. EIA, Refinery Capacity Report 2022 (June 21, 2022), Table 13, Refineries Permanently Shutdown by PAD District Between January 1, 1991 and January 1, 2022.
26 "Sunoco Can Send, Receive Products from Eagle Point," Reuters (June 12, 2012).
27 Caroom, Eliot, "Perth Amboy refinery to get new life from $200 million overhaul," NJ.com, updated August 8, 2012.
28 Buckeye Global Marine Terminal, Perth Amboy, accessed October 19, 2022.
29 U.S. EIA, Petroleum & Other Liquids, Company Level Imports, Port State, New Jersey, July 2021-July 2022.
30 American Fuel and Petrochemical Manufacturers, The Fuel and Petrochemical Supply Chains (2018), p. 23.
31 U.S. EIA, New Jersey Profile Overview, Map, Layer List/Legend: Petroleum Product Pipelines, accessed October 20, 2022.
32 Colonial Pipeline Company, System Map, and About Us, accessed October 20, 2022.
33 Buckeye Partners, L.P., 2018 Annual Report, Pipelines, Pennsylvania-New York-New Jersey, p. 4.
34 Buckeye Partners, L.P., System Map, accessed October 20, 2022.
35 U.S. EIA, Table C15, Petroleum Consumption, Total and per Capita, Ranked by State, 2020.
36 U.S. EIA, Table F16, Total Petroleum Consumption Estimates, 2020.
37 U.S. EIA, Table C8, Transportation Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, 2020.
38 Larson, B. K., U.S. Gasoline Requirements as of January 2018, ExxonMobil, accessed October 20, 2022.
39 U.S. EIA, U.S. Fuel Ethanol Plant Production Capacity (August 8, 2022), Detailed annual production capacity by plant is available in XLS.
40 "Kinder Morgan Completes Dedicated Ethanol Pipeline in NJ," Ethanol Producer Magazine (April 3, 2012).
41 U.S. EIA, Petroleum & Other Liquids, Company Level Imports, Port State, New Jersey, July 2021-July 2022.
42 U.S. EIA, Table F16, Total Petroleum Consumption Estimates, 2020.
43 U.S. Census Bureau, House Heating Fuel, New Jersey, Table B25040, 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.
44 U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve, About NEHHOR, accessed October 20, 2022.
45 U.S. EIA, Dry Natural Gas Proved Reserves, Proved Reserves as of Dec. 31, Annual, 2015-20.
46 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Production, Gross Withdrawals, Annual, 2016-21.
47 U.S. EIA, International & Interstate Movements of Natural Gas by State, New Jersey, Annual, 2016-21.
48 U.S. EIA, New Jersey Profile Overview, Map, Layer List/Legend: Natural Gas Pipelines, accessed October 21, 2022.
49 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas, Pipelines, Natural Gas Pipeline Projects (XLS), accessed October 21, 2022.
50 Bresswein, Kurt, "Pipeline update: Where these 2 projects through the Lehigh Valley stand, amid continuing Pa. natural gas boom," LehighValleyLive.com (June 9, 2019).
51 U.S. EIA, "New natural gas pipeline capacity expands access to export and Northeast markets," Today in Energy (November 17, 2021).
52 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Consumption by End Use, New Jersey, Annual, 2016-21.
53 U.S. Census Bureau, House Heating Fuel, New Jersey, Table B25040, 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.
54 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, New Jersey, Net generation for all sectors, annual, 2001-21.
55 U.S. EIA. "U.S. energy consumption fell by a record 7% in 2020," Today in Energy (April 5, 2021).
56 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, New Jersey, Net generation for all sectors, annual, 2001-21.
57 U.S. EIA, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of September 2022, Plant State: New Jersey, Technology: All.
58 Parry, Wayne, "Oldest US nuke plant, near Jersey shore, closing Sept. 17," Associated Press (July 2, 2018).
59 Johnson, Tom, "The Future of Nuclear Power in New Jersey: Crucial Hearings Set to Begin," NJSpotlight (September 17, 2018).
60 U.S. EIA, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of September 2022, Plant State: New Jersey, Technology: Nuclear.
61 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, New Jersey, Net generation for all sectors, annual.
62 Larson, Aaron, "New Jersey's Last Two Coal Power Plants to Close within Months," Power (March 24, 2022).
63 U.S. EIA, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Retired Generators as of September 2022, Plant State: New Jersey, Technology: Conventional Steam Coal.
64 Global Energy Monitor Wiki, Chamber Cogeneration power station, accessed October 27, 2022.
65 PJM Interconnection, Generation Deactivations, New Jersey, accessed October 27, 2022.
66 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, New Jersey, Net generation for all sectors, monthly, January 2022-August 2022.
67 U.S. EIA, New Jersey Electricity Profile 2020, Table 10, Supply and disposition of electricity, 1990 through 2020.
68 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, New Jersey, Retail sales of electricity (million kilowatthours), 2001-21.
69 New Jersey's Clean Energy Program, Electric Vehicle Incentive Programs, accessed October 22, 2022.
70 Electrek, Current EV registrations in the US: How does your state stack up and who grew the most YOY?, accessed October 28, 2022.
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Other Resources
Energy-Related Regions and Organizations
- Petroleum Administration for Defense District (PADD): 1B
- Regional Transmission Organization (RTO) and Independent System Operator (ISO): PJM Interconnection (PJM)
- North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) ERO Enterprise: Regional Entities: Reliability First Corporation (RFC)
Other Websites
- New Jersey Board of Public Utilities
- New Jersey Clean Energy Program
- New Jersey Clean Energy Program, Renewable Energy
- New Jersey Clean Energy Program, Commercial, Industrial and Local Government Programs
- New Jersey Economic Development Authority, Clean Energy/Green Finance
- New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (DEP)
- New Jersey DEP, Office of Air Quality, Energy and Sustainability
- New Jersey Department of Community Affairs, Energy Assistance
- EIA New Jersey Flickr Album
- New Jersey Economic Development Authority, Offshore Wind
- U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, New Jersey
- Alternative Fuels Data Center, Federal and State Laws and Incentives
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Community Services, Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP)
- Benefits.Gov, Housing and Public Utilities
- NC Clean Energy Technology Center, Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency (DSIRE)
- National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners (NARUC)
- National Association of State Energy Officials (NASEO)
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Geospatial Data Science Data and Tools
- U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Publications
- U.S. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management
- EIA Status of U.S. Nuclear Outages
- National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL), Energy
- U.S. Geological Survey, Maps
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Energy Flow Charts
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, State and Local Planning for Energy (SLOPE)
- EIA Natural Gas Storage Dashboard
- EIA Energy Disruptions
- U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Rural Development, Energy Programs
