New Jersey Quick Facts
- Natural gas and nuclear energy together have fueled more than 90% of the New Jersey's total electricity generation in every year since 2011. In 2023, natural gas accounted for 49% of New Jersey’s total electricity generation and nuclear power provided 42%.
- In 2023, New Jersey was the nation's 12th-largest producer of electricity from solar energy and ranked 7th in small-scale solar power generation. Overall, solar energy accounted for 7% of New Jersey's total in-state electricity generation in 2023.
- About 72% of New Jersey households rely on natural gas as their primary heating fuel, 17% use electricity for space heating, and about 9% use petroleum products. The rest use other fuels, including wood and solar energy.
- New Jersey is the 13th-largest petroleum-consuming state but is the 8th-smallest in per capita petroleum use.
- New Jersey is home to three operating crude oil refineries, including the largest producer of asphalt on the East Coast.
Last Updated: January 16, 2025
Data
Last Update: April 17, 2025 | Next Update: May 15, 2025
| Prices | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Petroleum | New Jersey | U.S. Average | Period | find more | |
| Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase | -- | $ 73.08 /barrel | Jan-25 | ||
| Natural Gas | New Jersey | U.S. Average | Period | find more | |
| City Gate | $ 5.29 /thousand cu ft | $ 4.88 /thousand cu ft | Jan-25 | find more | |
| Residential | $ 13.23 /thousand cu ft | $ 12.34 /thousand cu ft | Jan-25 | find more | |
| Coal | New Jersey | U.S. Average | Period | find more | |
| Average Sales Price | -- | $ 54.04 /short ton | 2023 | ||
| Delivered to Electric Power Sector | -- | $ 2.40 /million Btu | Jan-25 | ||
| Electricity | New Jersey | U.S. Average | Period | find more | |
| Residential | 19.68 cents/kWh | 15.95 cents/kWh | Jan-25 | find more | |
| Commercial | 15.08 cents/kWh | 12.89 cents/kWh | Jan-25 | find more | |
| Industrial | 13.51 cents/kWh | 8.32 cents/kWh | Jan-25 | find more | |
| Reserves | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reserves | New Jersey | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Crude Oil (as of Dec. 31) | -- | -- | 2022 | find more | |
| Expected Future Production of Dry Natural Gas (as of Dec. 31) | -- | -- | 2022 | find more | |
| Expected Future Production of Natural Gas Plant Liquids | -- | -- | 2022 | find more | |
| Recoverable Coal at Producing Mines | -- | -- | 2023 | find more | |
| Rotary Rigs & Wells | New Jersey | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Natural Gas Producing Wells | -- | -- | 2020 | find more | |
| Capacity | New Jersey | Share of U.S. | Period | ||
| Crude Oil Refinery Capacity (as of Jan. 1) | 450,500 barrels/calendar day | 2.5% | 2024 | ||
| Electric Power Industry Net Summer Capacity | 16,713 MW | 1.4% | Jan-25 | ||
| Supply & Distribution | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Production | New Jersey | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Total Energy | 329 trillion Btu | 0.3% | 2022 | find more | |
| Crude Oil | -- | -- | Jan-25 | find more | |
| Natural Gas - Marketed | -- | -- | 2023 | find more | |
| Coal | -- | -- | 2023 | find more | |
| Total Utility-Scale Net Electricity Generation | New Jersey | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Total Net Electricity Generation | 4,615 thousand MWh | 1.1% | Jan-25 | ||
| Utility-Scale Net Electricity Generation (share of total) | New Jersey | U.S. Average | Period | ||
| Petroleum-Fired | 1.8 % | 0.7 % | Jan-25 | find more | |
| Natural Gas-Fired | 37.7 % | 39.0 % | Jan-25 | find more | |
| Coal-Fired | 0.0 % | 20.7 % | Jan-25 | find more | |
| Nuclear | 55.8 % | 17.9 % | Jan-25 | find more | |
| Renewables | 3.5 % | 21.3 % | Jan-25 | ||
| Stocks | New Jersey | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Motor Gasoline (Excludes Pipelines) | 272 thousand barrels | 2.3% | Jan-25 | ||
| Distillate Fuel Oil (Excludes Pipelines) | 5,653 thousand barrels | 6.3% | Jan-25 | find more | |
| Natural Gas in Underground Storage | -- | -- | Jan-25 | find more | |
| Petroleum Stocks at Electric Power Producers | 369 thousand barrels | 1.8% | Jan-25 | find more | |
| Coal Stocks at Electric Power Producers | 0 thousand tons | 0.0% | Jan-25 | find more | |
| Fueling Stations | New Jersey | Share of U.S. | Period | ||
| Motor Gasoline | 2,253 stations | 2.1% | 2022 | ||
| Propane | 16 stations | 0.6% | Mar-25 | ||
| Electric Vehicle Charging Locations | 1,517 stations | 2.2% | Mar-25 | ||
| E85 | 6 stations | 0.1% | Mar-25 | ||
| Biodiesel, Compressed Natural Gas, and Other Alternative Fuels | 21 stations | 0.6% | Mar-25 | ||
| Consumption & Expenditures | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Summary | New Jersey | U.S. Rank | Period | ||
| Total Consumption | 2,014 trillion Btu | 15 | 2022 | find more | |
| Total Consumption per Capita | 218 million Btu | 37 | 2022 | find more | |
| Total Expenditures | $ 40,015 million | 13 | 2022 | find more | |
| Total Expenditures per Capita | $ 4,321 | 45 | 2022 | find more | |
| by End-Use Sector | New Jersey | Share of U.S. | Period | ||
| Consumption | |||||
| » Residential | 567 trillion Btu | 2.9% | 2022 | find more | |
| » Commercial | 546 trillion Btu | 3.3% | 2022 | find more | |
| » Industrial | 258 trillion Btu | 0.8% | 2022 | find more | |
| » Transportation | 645 trillion Btu | 2.3% | 2022 | find more | |
| Expenditures | |||||
| » Residential | $ 8,932 million | 2.7% | 2022 | find more | |
| » Commercial | $ 7,900 million | 3.3% | 2022 | find more | |
| » Industrial | $ 3,107 million | 1.1% | 2022 | find more | |
| » Transportation | $ 20,076 million | 2.3% | 2022 | find more | |
| by Source | New Jersey | Share of U.S. | Period | ||
| Consumption | |||||
| » Petroleum | 150 million barrels | 2.1% | 2022 | find more | |
| » Natural Gas | 695 billion cu ft | 2.1% | 2023 | find more | |
| » Coal | 0 thousand short tons | 0.0% | 2023 | find more | |
| Expenditures | |||||
| » Petroleum | $ 23,512 million | 2.2% | 2022 | find more | |
| » Natural Gas | $ 5,472 million | 2.7% | 2023 | find more | |
| » Coal | -- | -- | 2023 | find more | |
| Consumption for Electricity Generation | New Jersey | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Petroleum | 121 thousand barrels | 2.4% | Jan-25 | find more | |
| Natural Gas | 13,124 million cu ft | 1.1% | Jan-25 | find more | |
| Coal | 0 thousand tons | 0.0% | Jan-25 | find more | |
| Energy Source Used for Home Heating (share of households) | New Jersey | U.S. Average | Period | ||
| Natural Gas | 72.1 % | 46.0 % | 2023 | ||
| Fuel Oil | 6.1 % | 3.7 % | 2023 | ||
| Electricity | 17.1 % | 41.7 % | 2023 | ||
| Propane | 2.7 % | 5.0 % | 2023 | ||
| Other/None | 1.9 % | 3.5 % | 2023 | ||
| Environment | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Renewable Energy Capacity | New Jersey | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Total Renewable Energy Electricity Net Summer Capacity | 1,381 MW | 0.4% | Jan-25 | ||
| Ethanol Plant Nameplate Capacity | -- | -- | 2024 | ||
| Renewable Energy Production | New Jersey | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Utility-Scale Hydroelectric Net Electricity Generation | 0 thousand MWh | 0.0% | Jan-25 | ||
| Utility-Scale Solar, Wind, and Geothermal Net Electricity Generation | 110 thousand MWh | 0.2% | Jan-25 | ||
| Utility-Scale Biomass Net Electricity Generation | 53 thousand MWh | 1.3% | Jan-25 | ||
| Small-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Generation | 193 thousand MWh | 3.6% | Jan-25 | ||
| Fuel Ethanol Production | 0 thousand barrels | 0.0% | 2022 | ||
| Renewable Energy Consumption | New Jersey | U.S. Rank | Period | find more | |
| Renewable Energy Consumption as a Share of State Total | 3.2 % | 47 | 2022 | ||
| Fuel Ethanol Consumption | 8,781 thousand barrels | 12 | 2022 | ||
| Total Emissions | New Jersey | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Carbon Dioxide | 92.5 million metric tons | 1.9% | 2022 | ||
| Electric Power Industry Emissions | New Jersey | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Carbon Dioxide | 15,112 thousand metric tons | 1.0% | 2023 | ||
| Sulfur Dioxide | 1 thousand metric tons | 0.1% | 2023 | ||
| Nitrogen Oxide | 8 thousand metric tons | 0.7% | 2023 | ||
Analysis
Last Updated: January 16, 2025
Overview
New Jersey plays a major role in the supply of energy to the entire Northeast region.
New Jersey is the most densely populated state in the nation at nearly 1,300 residents per square mile.1 Despite its extensive Atlantic Ocean beaches and its northern highlands that are part of the Appalachian chain, New Jersey is the only state where every county is considered urban by the U.S. Census Bureau.2,3 Even though it is the fourth-smallest state by land area, New Jersey plays a major role in the supply of energy to the entire Northeast region. Shipping terminals on the Delaware River on the state's western boundary and at the New York-New Jersey harbor have extensive connecting pipeline, rail, and storage terminals that make the state a hub for the distribution of petroleum products throughout the northeastern states.4,5,6,7 Although the state has no fossil energy reserves, it has some renewable resources, primarily solar and biomass from landfills and other municipal solid wastes.8,9
New Jersey is located on the Atlantic coast between New York, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. The state experiences moderate and occasionally snowy winters and warm, humid summers—temperatures can vary from the eastern coastal regions to western inland regions.10 New Jersey was nicknamed the Garden State in 1876 because of its role in food production for the nearby major cities at the time.11 Today, New Jersey is a leading producer of apples, blueberries, cucumbers, eggplants, and peaches in the nation.12 The state lies along the heavily traveled East Coast transportation corridor, and New Jersey has more miles of roadway per square mile of land area than any other state except Rhode Island.13 Many New Jersey residents commute to work in the New York City or Philadelphia metropolitan areas, and the state has some of the nation's longest average commute times.14 Long commutes are one reason that the transportation sector consumes more energy than any other sector in the state, accounting for about one-third of the state's total energy use in 2022.15
Even with the moderating impacts of the Atlantic Ocean on New Jersey's varied climate, the residential sector made up almost three-tenths of state energy use. In 2023, New Jersey ranked 11th in GDP among the states and the commercial sector consumed more than one-fourth of state energy use. The service-providing industries, such as finance, insurance, real estate and professional services, contribute the largest portion to the state's GDP, and the state is also among the 10 states that use the lowest amount of energy per dollar of GDP.16,17 New Jersey's goods-producing private industries made up only 13% of the state's GDP and the industrial sector's energy consumption accounted for just 13% of the state's total energy use in 2022.18,19 In 2022, New Jersey's per capita total energy consumption was less than three-fourths of all other states.20
Petroleum
New Jersey does not have any crude oil production or reserves, but the state has three operating oil refineries.21,22 One of those refineries is the Paulsboro refinery, where a previously retired crude oil distillate unit was restarted in July 2023. This refinery is also the largest producer of asphalt on the East Coast. The three refineries in New Jersey have a combined capacity of about 451,000 barrels per calendar day and produce a wide range of refined petroleum products.23,24,25,26 Four other New Jersey refineries closed between 2010 and 2017.27
In addition to getting crude oil shipments by rail, New Jersey's refineries receive crude oil imports and petroleum products by tanker from all over the world at the New York-New Jersey Harbor.28 The Linden Terminal, on the New Jersey side of the harbor, is one of the 10 largest petroleum terminals in the nation, with a storage capacity of 4.3 million barrels.29 Several major petroleum product pipelines also cross New Jersey.30 The Colonial Pipeline, the nation's largest refined product pipeline, has its northern terminus in Linden, New Jersey, supplying petroleum products from Gulf Coast refineries to the New York and New England markets.31 Other pipeline systems distribute refined petroleum products from New Jersey terminals and refineries to upstate New York and Pennsylvania.32,33
New Jersey is the 13th-largest petroleum-consuming state, but the 8th smallest in per capita petroleum use.
New Jersey is the 13th-largest petroleum-consuming state, but it uses less petroleum per capita than all but 7 other states.34 It is the only state in the nation where consumers are not allowed to pump their own gas.35 The transportation sector accounts for about 80% of the petroleum consumed in the state, with more than three-fifths of it as motor gasoline.36,37 The state was home to one of two storage sites that made up the one-million-barrel federal Northeast Gasoline Supply Reserve, which was created in 2012 to counter motor fuel supply disruptions caused by hurricanes, winter storms, and other natural events. However, the emergency gasoline reserve was sold off in July 2024.38 New Jersey requires the statewide use of reformulated gasoline blended with ethanol to reduce emissions of smog-forming and toxic pollutants.39 Although the state does not have any ethanol production plants, the New York-New Jersey Harbor area is the primary distribution hub for ethanol supplies for the East Coast.40,41 Facilities in New Jersey receive ethanol deliveries by rail from the Midwest.42,43
New Jersey's industrial sector uses about 14% of the petroleum consumed in the state. The residential sector accounts for 3%, and about 1 in 11 New Jersey households use petroleum products, mostly heating oil, as their primary source for home heating.44,45 New Jersey is one of four states with storage sites for the 1-million-barrel federal Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve, in Port Reading, with 300,000 barrels. The reserve was established in 2000 to avert heating oil shortages in the region during extreme winter weather.46,47 The commercial sector accounted for most of the rest of the petroleum consumed in the state at 3%, and the electric power sector consumed 0.1%.48
Natural gas
New Jersey does not produce natural gas, nor does the state have any natural gas reserves.49,50 New Jersey also does not have any natural gas storage fields.51 About half of the natural gas that enters New Jersey is not consumed there. Natural gas leaves the state via several interstate pipelines that cross New Jersey and deliver natural gas primarily to New York.52 The Transco pipeline project was cancelled in mid-2024, but other pipeline projects will bring natural gas produced from Pennsylvania's Marcellus Shale into the Northeast through New Jersey.53,54
New Jersey is the nation's 14th-largest natural gas consumer. However, in part because of its large population, New Jersey uses less natural gas per capita than three-fifths of the states.55 In 2023, electricity generation in New Jersey accounted for 36% of the state's total natural gas deliveries to consumers. The residential sector closely followed and accounted for about 31% of the state's natural gas consumption. Seven out of ten New Jersey households use natural gas as their primary home heating fuel. The commercial sector used about 21% of the natural gas delivered to consumers, and the industrial sector accounted for about 12% of the state total. A small amount of natural gas was consumed by the transportation sector as vehicle fuel and separately for pipeline and distribution use.56,57
Electricity
In 2023, natural gas and nuclear power fueled 91% of New Jersey’s total electricity generation.
Natural gas and nuclear energy account for almost all of New Jersey's electricity net generation. In 2023, natural gas accounted for 49% of New Jersey's total electricity generation and nuclear power provided 42%. Natural gas and nuclear energy together have fueled more than 90% of New Jersey's total electricity generation in every year since 2011.58 Nuclear power's contribution declined in recent years following the permanent shutdown of the state's Oyster Creek single-reactor nuclear power plant in 2018. Oyster Creek was the nation's oldest operating nuclear power reactor at the time.59,60 Following the closure of Oyster Creek, New Jersey provided financial support for the state's three nuclear power reactors at its two remaining nuclear power plants to prevent their closures.61,62,63 Renewable resources supplied 8% of New Jersey's total generation in 2023. Solar energy, at both utility-scale (1 megawatt or larger) and small-scale (less than 1 megawatt) facilities, accounted for almost 90% of New Jersey's renewable electricity generation. The rest was produced from biomass, with small amounts from wind and hydropower.64 New Jersey's last two coal-fired power plants shut down in 2022.65
New Jersey consumes more electricity than it produces and in 2023 it obtained nearly one-fifth of its power from generators in other states by way of the regional grid.66 The commercial sector accounted for half of all electricity use in the state. The residential sector, where one in six households use electricity for heating and one in five for air conditioning, accounted for two-fifths of electricity use in New Jersey. Almost all of the rest of the state's electricity went to the industrial sector, although a small amount of electricity was used in the transportation sector, which consists of New Jersey's light rail system.67,68,69 New Jersey's clean energy plan includes a goal to register 330,000 electric vehicles by 2025.70 In 2023, the state had 129,000 registered battery electric vehicles and another 36,000 plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, ranking sixth in the nation.71 The state offers financial incentives for purchasing electric vehicles and for installing charging stations.72 In November 2024, New Jersey had about 1,450 public electric vehicle charging locations.73
Renewable energy
In 2023, New Jersey ranked seventh in the nation in electricity generation from small-scale solar power systems.
Renewable resources provide 8% of New Jersey's total in-state electricity generation, most of it from solar energy. In 2023, solar energy accounted for 87% of the state's renewable generation. More than two-thirds of that is from small-scale (less than 1 megawatt) solar photovoltaic (PV) installations, like rooftop panels, and the rest is from utility-scale solar farms with capacities of 1-megawatt or more.74 Overall, New Jersey ranked 12th among the states in total solar power generation and 7th in generation from small-scale solar power systems.75 By October 2024, solar power capacity in New Jersey totaled about 3,600 megawatts, and more than two-thirds of it was at small-scale installations, such as rooftop solar panels.76 The state's largest solar farm, Toms River Solar, has 21 megawatts of generating capacity and began operating in June 2021. The 20-megawatt Mount Olive Solar Farm, which came online in January 2023, is the largest landfill solar project in the nation. Several utility-scale projects with a combined 21 megawatts of capacity are scheduled to come online by the end of 2024.77,78 New Jersey has a community solar program that allows groups of households to benefit from solar power by connecting to remotely located solar arrays within their utility service territory. The program is aimed at renters, those who live in multi-family buildings, households that do not have property suitable for solar, or people that cannot afford the cost of a solar installation. Customers receive a credit on their power bills for the electricity that is generated.79,80 In 2023, New Jersey ranked sixth in the nation for small-scale solar capacity, primarily due to solar financial incentives.81,82
Biomass fuels provided about 1% of New Jersey's total electricity generation, but accounted for the second-largest share of the state's renewable electricity generation in 2023 at 12%.83 In large part because of New Jersey's population density, three-fourths of the state's biomass generating capacity is fueled by municipal solid waste, and almost all the rest is fueled with landfill gas.84 The state's largest biomass-fueled facility is a 66-megawatt power plant at a waste disposal site near Newark's International Airport.85 Plans are underway to construct one of the largest food waste-to-renewable natural gas projects in Linden, New Jersey, scheduled to come online in 2026.86
New Jersey has two utility-scale onshore wind power facilities located on the state's Atlantic Ocean coastline—a 7.5-megawatt five-turbine wind farm in Atlantic City, and a 1.5-megawatt single turbine located across from Staten Island in the New York City area which is currently out of service.87,88 In 2023, wind energy supplied about 0.3% of New Jersey's renewable electricity generation.89 New Jersey has more wind power potential offshore.90 The state set goals for offshore wind development. The original goal was 3,500 megawatts of offshore wind power by 2030, which was increased to 7,500 megawatts by 2035.91 In 2022, New Jersey increased its wind power goal to 11,000 megawatts by 2040.92 Currently, four offshore wind projects in New Jersey have received approvals but are facing delays and cancelations due to supply chain issues and rising costs. In late 2023, the 2,400-megawatt Ocean Wind 1 and 2 offshore wind projects were canceled by the developer.93,94,95
Hydropower accounted for 0.2% of New Jersey's renewable electricity generation in 2023.96 The state has two small conventional hydroelectric plants near New York City with a combined capacity of about 12 megawatts. However, the smaller plant—with about 2 megawatts of capacity—is out of service for the foreseeable future, and the larger plant had one of its three generating units out of service as of late 2024. New Jersey also has a 415-megawatt hydroelectric pumped storage facility in the northwestern corner of the state near its border with Pennsylvania.97 Pumped-storage hydroelectric plants generate electricity during peak demand periods, when power prices are higher, using water pumped into an elevated storage reservoir during off-peak periods and then releasing it to flow back to a lower reservoir through turbine generators when additional power is needed.98,99
New Jersey adopted a renewable portfolio standard in 1999, and the state legislature has since enacted several substantial revisions to the standard, including: increased use of solar energy, offshore wind energy, small-scale hydroelectric, and waste-to-energy facilities. The law was updated most recently in May 2018 and now requires that 50% of electricity sold in New Jersey come from approved renewable sources by 2030, a portion of which must be from offshore wind.100,101,102 In 2019, New Jersey released its Energy Master Plan: Pathway to 2050, which is a blueprint for meeting 100% of the state's energy needs with clean energy by 2050. The plan calls for carbon-neutral electricity generation, electrification of transportation, increased energy efficiency, improvements to the transmission grid, and building sector improvements that include expanding the net zero carbon homes incentive programs. The plan also calls for installing 2,000 megawatts of battery energy storage by 2030.103
Coal
New Jersey does not have any coal reserves or production.104 The state's electric power sector received all of New Jersey's coal deliveries between 2008 and 2022. The state's last two coal-fired power plants closed in mid-2022.105,106 New Jersey was one of nine states with no utility-scale coal-fired generation in 2023.107 A very small number of New Jersey households heat with coal.108
Endnotes
1 U.S. Census Bureau, Data, Historical Population Density Data (1910-2020), updated April 26, 2021.
2 State of New Jersey, 2007 State Hazard Mitigation Plan, Appendix E Background about the State of New Jersey - Geography, accessed December 2, 2024.
3 NCESC.com, How much of NJ is urban?, updated June 20, 2024.
4 U.S. Census Bureau, State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates, updated December 16, 2021.
5 South Jersey Port Corporation, Facilities, accessed December 4, 2024.
6 Port Authority NY NJ, Publications, 2023 Port At A Glance, accessed December 2, 2024.
7 U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Interactive GIS Data Viewer, Layer List: State Mask New Jersey, accessed December 2, 2024.
8 U.S. EIA, State Profile and Energy Estimates, New Jersey, Profile Data, Reserves, updated December 19, 2024.
9 U.S. EIA, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of November 2024, Plant State: New Jersey, Technology: Solar Photovoltaic, Landfill Gas, Municipal Solid Waste.
10 North Carolina Institute for Climate Studies, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, State Climate Summaries 2022, New Jersey.
11 State of New Jersey, About NJ, Facts & Symbols, Nickname, accessed December 3, 2024.
12 Karst, Tom, "Grown in N.J.: how the Garden State lives up to its nickname," The Packer (May 7, 2024).
13 Federal Highway Administration, Policy and Governmental Affairs, Office of Highway Policy Information, Highway Statistics Series, Selected Measures for Identifying Peer States - 2022, Table PS-1 and Highway Statistics 2022, Public Road Length - 2022, Miles By Functional System, Table HM-20, January 18, 2024.
14 U.S. Census Bureau, Tables, Table S0801, Commuting Characteristics by Sex, All States, 2023 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.
15 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F35, Total Energy Consumption, Price, and Expenditure Estimates, 2022.
16 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C10, Total Energy Consumption Estimates, Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Energy Consumption Estimates per Real Dollar of GDP, Ranked by State, 2022.
17 U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Interactive Data, Regional Data, GDP and Personal Income, Annual Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by State, SAGDP2 GDP in current dollars, New Jersey, All statistics in table, and SAGDP2, GDP in current dollars, All Areas, All industry total, 2023.
18 U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Interactive Data, Regional Data, GDP and Personal Income, Annual Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by State, SAGDP2 GDP in current dollars, New Jersey, All statistics in table, 2023.
19 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F35, Total Energy Consumption, Price, and Expenditure Estimates, 2022.
20 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C14, Total Energy Consumption Estimates per Capita by End-Use Sector, Ranked by State, 2022.
21 U.S. EIA, Crude Oil Proved Reserves, Reserves Changes, and Production, Proved Reserves as of 12/31 and Estimated Production, 2016-21.
22 U.S. EIA, Refinery Capacity Report (June 14, 2024), Table 3, Capacity of Operable Petroleum Refineries by State as of January 1, 2024 (Barrels per Stream Day, Except Where Noted).
23 U.S. EIA, "Refinery capacity increased slightly for the first time since the COVID-19 pandemic," Today in Energy (July 25, 2023).
24 PBF Energy Inc., Refineries, accessed November 29, 2024.
25 U.S. EIA, Number and Capacity of Petroleum Refineries, Total Number of Operable Refineries, and Atmospheric Crude Oil Distillation Operable Capacity, Annual as of January 1, 2018-23.
26 Phillips 66 Company, Bayway Refinery, Products, accessed November 29, 2024.
27 U.S. EIA, Refinery Capacity Report (June 14, 2024), Table 13, Refineries Permanently Shutdown by PAD District Between January 1, 1990 and January 1, 2024.
28 U.S. EIA, Petroleum & Other Liquids, Company Level Imports, Port State, New Jersey, from XLSX, September 2024.
29 Ahmed, Zahra, "12 Major U.S. Oil Terminals," Marine Insight (January 17, 2024).
30 U.S. EIA, Interactive GIS Data Viewer, Layer List: State Mask New Jersey, Crude Oil Pipelines, Petroleum Products Pipelines, accessed December 5, 2024.
31 Colonial Pipeline Company, System Map, and About Us, accessed December 4, 2024.
32 Buckeye Partners, L.P., Buckeye Pipeline System New Jersy-New York-Pennsylvania, accessed November 25, 2024.
33 Buckeye Partners, L.P., System Map, accessed November 25, 2024.
34 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C15, Petroleum Consumption, Total and per Capita, Ranked by State, 2022.
35 Selsky, Andrew, "NJ is now the only state is the US where drivers are not allowed to pump their own gas," NBC New York (August 7, 2023).
36 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F16, Total Petroleum Consumption Estimates, 2022.
37 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C8, Transportation Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, 2022.
38 U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, Northeast Gasoline Supply Reserve, accessed December 5, 2024.
39 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gasoline Standards, Reformulated Gasoline, updated August 22, 2024.
40 U.S. EIA, U.S. Fuel Ethanol Plant Production Capacity (August 15, 2024), U.S. fuel ethanol plant count by state, 2024.
41 "New York: An Energy and Economic Analysis," Institute for Energy Research (July 19, 2013).
42 Kinder Morgan, Inc., "Kinder Morgan Completes Dedicated Ethanol Pipeline Between Carteret and Linden, NJ," Press Release (April 3, 2012).
43 U.S. EIA, "95% of fuel ethanol moved in the United States in the first half of 2022 moved by rail," Today in Energy (October 18, 2022).
44 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F16, Total Petroleum Consumption Estimates, 2022.
45 U.S. Census Bureau, Tables, Table B25040, House Heating Fuel, New Jersey, 2023 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.
46 U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response, The Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve and NEHHOR History, accessed December 5, 2024.
47 U.S. EIA, Petroleum & Other Liquids, Northeast Reserves, accessed December 5, 2024.
48 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F16, Total Petroleum Consumption Estimates, 2022.
49 U.S. EIA, Dry Natural Gas Proved Reserves, Proved Reserves as of Dec. 31, Annual, 2016-21.
50 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Production, Gross Withdrawals, Annual, 2017-23.
51 U.S. EIA, Underground Natural Gas Storage Capacity, Total Number of Existing Fields, Annual, 2017-23.
52 U.S. EIA, International & Interstate Movements of Natural Gas by State, New Jersey, Annual, 2017-23.
53 Parry, Wayne, "One natural gas transport plan killed in New Jersey as another forges ahead," AP News (May 6, 2024).
54 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas, Pipelines, Natural Gas Pipeline Projects (XLSX) (October 2024).
55 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C16, Natural Gas Consumption Estimates, Total and per Capita, Ranked by State, 2022.
56 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas, Natural Gas Consumption by End Use, New Jersey, Annual, 2018-23.
57 U.S. Census Bureau, Tables, Table B25040, House Heating Fuel, New Jersey, 2023 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.
58 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, New Jersey, Fuel Type (Check all), Annual, 2001-23.
59 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, New Jersey, Nuclear, Annual, 2001-23.
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Other Resources
Energy-Related Regions and Organizations
- Petroleum Administration for Defense District (PADD): 1B
- Regional Transmission Organization (RTO) and Independent System Operator (ISO): PJM Interconnection (PJM)
- North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) ERO Enterprise: Regional Entities: Reliability First Corporation (RFC)
Other Websites
- New Jersey Board of Public Utilities
- New Jersey's Clean Energy Program
- New Jersey's Clean Energy Program, Renewable Energy
- New Jersey's Clean Energy Program, Commercial, Industrial and Local Government Past Programs
- New Jersey Economic Development Authority, Clean Energy/Green Finance
- New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (DEP)
- New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (DEP), Air, Energy & Materials Sustainability
- State of New Jersey, Department of Community Affairs, Energy Assistance
- New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Drive Green
- EIA New Jersey Flickr Album
- New Jersey Economic Development Authority, Offshore Wind
- U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, New Jersey
- Alternative Fuels Data Center, Federal and State Laws and Incentives
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Office of Community Services, An Office of the Administration for Children & Families, Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP)
- USA.Gov, Get help with energy bills
- NC Clean Energy Technology Center, Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency (DSIRE)
- National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners (NARUC)
- National Association of State Energy Officials (NASEO)
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Geospatial Data Science Data and Tools
- U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Publications
- U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM)
- EIA Status of U.S. Nuclear Outages
- National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL), Energy
- U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Maps
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Energy Flow Charts
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), SLOPE: State and Local Planning for Energy
- EIA Natural Gas Storage Dashboard
- EIA Energy Disruptions Maps
- U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Rural Development, Energy Programs
