Louisiana State Energy Profile

Louisiana Quick Facts

Louisiana ranks third highest in marketed natural gas production and seventh in proved natural gas reserves among the states. Louisiana accounts for about 10% of U.S. total marketed natural gas production and holds about 6% of the nation's natural gas reserves.
The United States was the world's largest liquefied natural gas exporter in 2023, with Louisiana handling 61% of U.S. LNG exports.
Louisiana's 15 crude oil refineries account for about one-sixth of the nation's refining capacity and can process nearly 3 million barrels of crude oil per calendar day.
Louisiana's total energy consumption ranks fourth among the states and its per capita energy consumption is the second highest, largely because of its energy-intensive chemical, petroleum, and natural gas industries.
Louisiana has the highest per capita residential sector electricity consumption in the nation. Almost 7 in 10 Louisiana households rely on electric heating and nearly all households have air conditioning.

Last Updated: August 15, 2024

Consumption by Source
Consumption by Sector
Production
Electricity
Prices

Data

Last Update: November 21, 2024 | Next Update: December 19, 2024

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Energy Indicators
Demography	Louisiana	Share of U.S.	Period
Population	4.6 million	1.4%	2023
Civilian Labor Force	2.1 million	1.2%	Oct-24
Economy	Louisiana	U.S. Rank	Period
Gross Domestic Product	$ 309.6 billion	26	2023
Gross Domestic Product for the Manufacturing Sector	$ 57,473 million	16	2023
Per Capita Personal Income	$ 57,100	44	2023
Vehicle Miles Traveled	56,514 million miles	24	2022
Land in Farms	8.0 million acres	33	2023
Climate	Louisiana	U.S. Rank	Period
Average Temperature	69.7 degrees Fahrenheit	2	2023
Precipitation	43.4 inches	19	2023

Prices
Petroleum	Louisiana	U.S. Average	Period	find more
Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase	$ 76.27 /barrel	$ 74.97 /barrel	Aug-24
Natural Gas	Louisiana	U.S. Average	Period	find more
City Gate	$ 3.23 /thousand cu ft	$ 4.23 /thousand cu ft	Aug-24	find more
Residential	$ 24.22 /thousand cu ft	$ 23.40 /thousand cu ft	Aug-24	find more
Coal	Louisiana	U.S. Average	Period	find more
Average Sales Price	W	$ 54.04 /short ton	2023
Delivered to Electric Power Sector	W	$ 2.44 /million Btu	Aug-24
Electricity	Louisiana	U.S. Average	Period	find more
Residential	11.57 cents/kWh	16.63 cents/kWh	Aug-24	find more
Commercial	9.92 cents/kWh	13.39 cents/kWh	Aug-24	find more
Industrial	5.60 cents/kWh	8.72 cents/kWh	Aug-24	find more

Reserves
Reserves	Louisiana	Share of U.S.	Period	find more
Crude Oil (as of Dec. 31)	446 million barrels	0.9%	2022	find more
Expected Future Production of Dry Natural Gas (as of Dec. 31)	40,296 billion cu ft	5.8%	2022	find more
Expected Future Production of Natural Gas Plant Liquids	187 million barrels	0.6%	2022	find more
Recoverable Coal at Producing Mines	12 million short tons	0.1%	2023	find more
Rotary Rigs & Wells	Louisiana	Share of U.S.	Period	find more
Natural Gas Producing Wells	14,867 wells	3.1%	2020	find more
Capacity	Louisiana	Share of U.S.	Period
Crude Oil Refinery Capacity (as of Jan. 1)	2,971,022 barrels/calendar day	16.2%	2024
Electric Power Industry Net Summer Capacity	24,620 MW	2.0%	Aug-24

Supply & Distribution
Production	Louisiana	Share of U.S.	Period	find more
Total Energy	4,787 trillion Btu	4.9%	2022	find more
Crude Oil	84 thousand barrels per day	0.6%	Aug-24	find more
Natural Gas - Marketed	4,326,182 million cu ft	10.5%	2023	find more
Coal	289 thousand short tons	0.1%	2023	find more
Total Utility-Scale Net Electricity Generation	Louisiana	Share of U.S.	Period	find more
Total Net Electricity Generation	10,134 thousand MWh	2.4%	Aug-24
Utility-Scale Net Electricity Generation (share of total)	Louisiana	U.S. Average	Period
Petroleum-Fired	*	0.2 %	Aug-24	find more
Natural Gas-Fired	78.0 %	48.0 %	Aug-24	find more
Coal-Fired	2.7 %	16.3 %	Aug-24	find more
Nuclear	13.9 %	16.5 %	Aug-24	find more
Renewables	4.0 %	18.8 %	Aug-24
Stocks	Louisiana	Share of U.S.	Period	find more
Motor Gasoline (Excludes Pipelines)	781 thousand barrels	7.1%	Aug-24
Distillate Fuel Oil (Excludes Pipelines)	6,485 thousand barrels	6.6%	Aug-24	find more
Natural Gas in Underground Storage	596,461 million cu ft	7.6%	Aug-24	find more
Petroleum Stocks at Electric Power Producers	166 thousand barrels	0.7%	Aug-24	find more
Coal Stocks at Electric Power Producers	4,169 thousand tons	3.4%	Aug-24	find more
Fueling Stations	Louisiana	Share of U.S.	Period
Motor Gasoline	2,193 stations	2.0%	2022
Propane	35 stations	1.4%	Oct-24
Electric Vehicle Charging Locations	282 stations	0.4%	Oct-24
E85	18 stations	0.4%	Oct-24
Biodiesel, Compressed Natural Gas, and Other Alternative Fuels	10 stations	0.3%	Oct-24

Consumption & Expenditures
Summary	Louisiana	U.S. Rank	Period
Total Consumption	4,246 trillion Btu	4	2022	find more
Total Consumption per Capita	925 million Btu	2	2022	find more
Total Expenditures	$ 44,877 million	11	2022	find more
Total Expenditures per Capita	$ 9,781	4	2022	find more
by End-Use Sector	Louisiana	Share of U.S.	Period
Consumption
» Residential	302 trillion Btu	1.5%	2022	find more
» Commercial	239 trillion Btu	1.4%	2022	find more
» Industrial	2,951 trillion Btu	9.5%	2022	find more
» Transportation	756 trillion Btu	2.7%	2022	find more
Expenditures
» Residential	$ 4,690 million	1.4%	2022	find more
» Commercial	$ 3,480 million	1.4%	2022	find more
» Industrial	$ 23,075 million	8.1%	2022	find more
» Transportation	$ 13,632 million	1.6%	2022	find more
by Source	Louisiana	Share of U.S.	Period
Consumption
» Petroleum	389 million barrels	5.3%	2022	find more
» Natural Gas	2,035 billion cu ft	6.3%	2022	find more
» Coal	5,628 thousand short tons	1.1%	2022	find more
Expenditures
» Petroleum	$ 27,494 million	2.6%	2022	find more
» Natural Gas	$ 10,675 million	4.0%	2022	find more
» Coal	$ 279 million	1.0%	2022	find more
Consumption for Electricity Generation	Louisiana	Share of U.S.	Period	find more
Petroleum	3 thousand barrels	0.2%	Aug-24	find more
Natural Gas	58,714 million cu ft	3.9%	Aug-24	find more
Coal	190 thousand tons	0.5%	Aug-24	find more
Energy Source Used for Home Heating (share of households)	Louisiana	U.S. Average	Period
Natural Gas	32.0 %	46.2 %	2022
Fuel Oil	0.1 %	3.9 %	2022
Electricity	64.6 %	41.3 %	2022
Propane	2.2 %	5.0 %	2022
Other/None	1.1 %	3.5 %	2022

Environment
Renewable Energy Capacity	Louisiana	Share of U.S.	Period	find more
Total Renewable Energy Electricity Net Summer Capacity	1,384 MW	0.4%	Aug-24
Ethanol Plant Nameplate Capacity	--	--	2024
Renewable Energy Production	Louisiana	Share of U.S.	Period	find more
Utility-Scale Hydroelectric Net Electricity Generation	60 thousand MWh	0.3%	Aug-24
Utility-Scale Solar, Wind, and Geothermal Net Electricity Generation	185 thousand MWh	0.3%	Aug-24
Utility-Scale Biomass Net Electricity Generation	164 thousand MWh	4.0%	Aug-24
Small-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Generation	33 thousand MWh	0.4%	Aug-24
Fuel Ethanol Production	0 thousand barrels	0.0%	2022
Renewable Energy Consumption	Louisiana	U.S. Rank	Period	find more
Renewable Energy Consumption as a Share of State Total	3.1 %	48	2022
Fuel Ethanol Consumption	5,276 thousand barrels	25	2022
Total Emissions	Louisiana	Share of U.S.	Period	find more
Carbon Dioxide	191.8 million metric tons	3.9%	2022
Electric Power Industry Emissions	Louisiana	Share of U.S.	Period	find more
Carbon Dioxide	42,944 thousand metric tons	2.8%	2023
Sulfur Dioxide	24 thousand metric tons	2.8%	2023
Nitrogen Oxide	53 thousand metric tons	4.7%	2023

Analysis

Last Updated: August 15, 2024

Overview

Situated at the mouth of the Mississippi River, Louisiana has abundant crude oil and natural gas reserves both onshore and offshore, buried beneath the thick sediments of the Mississippi Delta.^1,2 In addition to crude oil, natural gas, and minor deposits of coal, Louisiana's energy resources include substantial biomass resources from agricultural byproducts, wood, and wood waste.^3,4 Louisiana's subtropical climate—with the highest annual rainfall in the lower 48 states at nearly 5 feet—and rich soils create a diverse agricultural economy. These products include sugarcane, rice, and livestock. Forested land covers nearly half of the state with forest products from these upland pine and hardwood forests.^5,6,7

Louisiana's total energy consumption ranks fourth among the states and its per capita energy consumption is the second highest in the nation, largely because of the energy-intensive chemical, petroleum, and natural gas industries in the state's industrial sector.^8,9,10 Energy consumption in Louisiana's industrial sector, about 70% of the state total, is second only to that of Texas. The transportation sector accounts for about 18% of the state's total energy use and the residential sector makes up 7%.^11,12 Louisiana's demand for air conditioning is high during the hot, humid summer months, while its demand for heating is limited during the mild winter months.^13,14,15 The commercial sector accounts for 6% of the state's total energy consumption.¹⁶

Natural gas

Louisiana has the third-highest marketed natural gas production and the seventh-highest natural gas reserves among the states. The state accounts for about 10% of U.S. marketed natural gas production and holds about 6% of U.S. natural gas proved reserves.^17,18 Among its many productive formations is the Haynesville Shale, which is located mainly in northwestern Louisiana and northeastern Texas. Haynesville is one of seven key U.S. natural gas-producing regions.¹⁹ Louisiana is the third-largest total natural gas-consuming state, after Texas and California, and the second-largest natural gas consumer on a per capita basis, after Alaska.^20,21 The industrial sector accounts for about three-fourths of the natural gas consumed among end users in Louisiana, and the electric power sector uses slightly less than one-fifth. About 18% of the state's natural gas consumption is used in the production and distribution of the state's oil and gas resources. In 2022, Louisiana used more natural gas to maintain pressure in its many pipelines than any other state besides Texas. About one out of three Louisiana households rely on natural gas for home heating, but the share of gas consumed by the residential sector is small—about 2% of the state's end-use sector total consumption—in part because of Louisiana's mild winters. The commercial sector accounts for slightly less than 2% of gas use, and the transportation sector uses a very minor amount of natural gas as vehicle fuel.^22,23,24

Louisiana receives natural gas from and delivers gas supplies to other states via a vast network of interstate pipelines.^25,26,27 In 2022, Louisiana received a record 4.4 trillion cubic feet of natural gas and delivered a record 6.4 trillion cubic feet of natural gas. About three-fifths of the natural gas that enters Louisiana came from Texas and close to one-fourth came from Mississippi. About 8% of the natural gas that entered the state arrived onshore from federal leases in the Gulf of Mexico, 5% of the natural gas entered from Arkansas, and 4% came via a pipeline transporting Marcellus/Utica shale gas from Ohio. Domestically, Louisiana plays an essential role in the movement of natural gas from the U.S. Gulf Coast region to markets throughout the country. The state has the most active natural gas market center in North America-the Henry Hub in Erath, Louisiana-where nine interstate and three intrastate pipelines interconnect. The pipelines carry natural gas to major markets throughout the country. The Henry Hub is the benchmark price location for natural gas physical and futures trading on the New York Mercantile Exchange. About 1.8 billion cubic feet of natural gas can be transported through the hub each day.^28,29,30 About three-fifths of the natural gas that leaves Louisiana goes through Mississippi, Arkansas, and Texas to other regional markets. The other two-fifths is shipped to about 30 countries through the state's LNG export terminals. France, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Spain, and South Korea were the largest recipients of those natural gas exports in 2022.³¹

In 2023, Louisiana’s three LNG terminals handled about three-fifths of U.S. LNG exports.

In 2023, the United States was the world's largest LNG exporter, with exports increasing by 12% from the year before to a record total 4.3 trillion cubic feet.^32,33 Louisiana handled almost three-fifths of those shipments at its three operating LNG export terminals. Sabine Pass is the largest U.S. operating terminal, handling about 1.5 trillion cubic feet in natural gas exports, or 34% of the U.S. total, in 2023.^34,35,36,37 The newest LNG export terminal, Calcasieu Pass, exported 490 billion cubic feet in 2023.^38,39

Louisiana has 19 underground natural gas storage sites located in salt caverns and depleted oil and natural gas fields that can hold 739 billion cubic feet of natural gas, accounting for 8% of total U.S. underground storage capacity.^40,41 Those storage facilities allow Louisiana to meet high demand periods during winter and summer, along with increasing global need for LNG and as a back-up fuel to renewable energy. Historically, U.S. natural gas demand is highest in the winter, when homes need it for heating. With the growing use of natural gas for U.S. electricity generation, Louisiana withdraws natural gas from storage during the summer months as well, when electricity demand rises for air conditioning.^42,43,44

Petroleum

Louisiana ranks among the top 10 states in both crude oil reserves and crude oil production and accounts for about 1% of both U.S. total oil reserves and production.^45,46 However, in 2023 the state's annual production of crude oil fell below 100,000 barrels per day to the second-lowest output level in more than six decades.^47,48

Commercial crude oil production in Louisiana started early in the 20th century, soon after the 1901 discovery of the Spindletop oil field just across the border in Texas.⁴⁹ In 1947, the first U.S. offshore commercial crude oil well that was out of sight of land was completed 10 miles off the Louisiana coast. Although the water was only 18 feet deep, the well was a significant achievement in opening the Gulf of Mexico to crude oil production. Today, the Gulf of Mexico is one of the largest U.S. crude oil-producing regions and holds substantial oil reserves.^50,51,52 Many of the nation's largest oil fields are found off the Louisiana coast in federal Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) waters, and a large share of federal OCS production in the Gulf of Mexico is piped onshore to Louisiana.^53,54

The Louisiana Offshore Oil Port (LOOP) is the nation's first and only deepwater oil port.

Louisiana is among the top 10 states that receive the most foreign crude oil imports.⁵⁵ Crude oil arrives at several state ports, including the Louisiana Offshore Oil Port (LOOP). The LOOP, which began receiving foreign crude oil in 1981, is the nation's first and only deepwater oil port. It provides offloading for some of the largest tankers in the world and can receive up to 100,000 barrels of crude oil per hour.⁵⁶ It is the single largest point of entry for waterborne crude oil shipped to the United States.⁵⁷ The LOOP's onshore facilities include the Clovelly Dome Storage Terminal, where nearly 60 million barrels of crude oil can be stored in 8 man-made caverns hollowed out from a salt cavern.⁵⁸ The LOOP has 22 above ground storage tanks with approximately 12 million barrels of capacity.⁵⁹ Through a network of crude oil pipelines, the LOOP connects to more than half of the refining capacity in the United States.⁶⁰ The LOOP can load a very large crude carrier, which can hold around 2 million barrels of crude oil, in 2.5 days.^61,62

Louisiana is home to two of the four storage sites that make up the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR). The emergency stockpile can hold up to 714 million barrels of crude oil. The two Louisiana SPR sites-Bayou Choctaw with six underground storage caverns and West Hackberry with 22 underground storage caverns- have a combined storage capacity of about 297 million barrels.⁶³ The U.S. Department of Energy announced in July 2024 a new solicitation for the purchase of up to 4.5 million barrels of oil for delivery to the Bayou Choctaw site, following the completion of the Bayou Choctaw's Life Extension 2 Project.⁶⁴

Louisiana's 15 oil refineries account for about one-sixth of the nation's refining capacity and can process almost 3 million barrels of crude oil per calendar day. The location of these refineries places them at increased risk of disruptions due to major storm events. In 2021, Phillips 66's Alliance refinery in Belle Chase closed following significant hurricane damage.^65,66,67 Louisiana refineries can process a wide variety of crude oil types from around the world, although the state's refineries use less foreign oil than in the past. In recent years, the Gulf of Mexico produced the largest share of crude oil processed by the state's refineries.⁶⁸

Louisiana sends most of its refined petroleum products out of state.^69,70 The 3,100-mile PPL Pipeline, formerly known as the Plantation Pipeline, is one of the nation's largest refined petroleum product pipelines. It runs from near Baton Rouge, Louisiana, through several southern states and terminates in the suburbs of Washington, DC. The pipeline distributes about 720,000 barrels per day of motor gasoline, jet fuel, diesel fuel, and biodiesel throughout much of the South.⁷¹ The 5,500-mile Colonial Pipeline, which begins in Houston, Texas, also passes through Louisiana and carries about 2.5 million barrels per day of petroleum products to 11 other states before it ends in Linden, New Jersey.⁷² Louisiana's refineries also supply the state's industrial sector with petroleum product feedstocks, particularly to the petrochemical industry. The large concentration of petrochemical manufacturing facilities in the state contributes to Louisiana ranking third in total petroleum use and first in per capita consumption of petroleum among the states.^73,74 About 2 out of 100 state households rely on propane, fuel oil, or kerosene for home heating.⁷⁵

Coal

New Orleans is the nation’s third-largest coal exporting port.

Louisiana's recoverable coal reserves are small, and account for just 0.1% of the U.S. total.⁷⁶ In 2022, the state's coal production was also small and consisted of only low-grade lignite from one mine that contributed 307,000 tons, or about 0.1%, of total U.S. coal output.⁷⁷ Louisiana plays a much bigger role in transporting U.S. coal, as New Orleans is the nation's third-largest coal exporting port. Most of the exported coal comes from other states. In 2023, the port of New Orleans shipped about 12% of U.S. coal exports.⁷⁸ Almost all the coal consumed in Louisiana is used for power generation, and about 90% of that coal comes from out of state. Nearly all the out-of-state coal delivered to Louisiana's coal-fired power plants arrives by rail from Wyoming. A small amount of the coal consumed in Louisiana also comes by barge down the Mississippi River from Illinois.⁷⁹

Electricity

In 2023, natural gas was the primary fuel used to generate electricity in Louisiana, accounting for 76% of the state's electricity net generation. Natural gas fuels 7 of the 10 largest power plants in Louisiana, based on annual generation. Louisiana's two nuclear power plants, which are both located along the Mississippi River, accounted for 12% of the state's net generation in 2023. The two nuclear plants are the second- and third-largest power plants in the state by actual generation.^80,81,82

Coal was Louisiana's second-leading source for electricity generation until 2015. In 2023, coal fueled about 5% of the state's generation. Louisiana's second largest generating plant, in terms of capacity, is coal-fired. Biomass, hydropower, and solar energy together accounted for a little more than 3% of Louisiana's total electricity generation.^83,84

Louisiana has the highest per capita residential sector electricity consumption of any state.

Louisiana does not generate enough electricity to meet in-state demand and receives about one-seventh of its power from other states by way of the regional grid.⁸⁵ Louisiana ranks third among the states with the highest total electricity consumption on a per capita basis.⁸⁶ In 2023, the industrial sector consumed the most electricity in Louisiana, accounting for about 42% of the state total, followed by the residential sector at 33% and the commercial sector at 25%.⁸⁷ Louisiana has the highest residential sector per capita electricity consumption in the nation.⁸⁸ Almost 7 in 10 state households rely on electricity for home heating and almost all households have air conditioning.^89,90

In May 2024, Louisiana had 260 public electric vehicle charging locations.⁹¹ The majority of these charging locations are in and around New Orleans and Baton Rouge.⁹² As part of the National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Grant Program, the Louisiana Department of Transportation is looking to expand the state's charging network through both public and private investments. The plan is to add 75 charging locations in 5 years.⁹³

Renewable energy

In 2023, renewable energy sources provided about 4% of Louisiana's total electricity net generation. Biomass resources are abundant in Louisiana, and wood and wood waste accounted for nearly three-fifths of the state's renewable electricity generation.⁹⁴ The state's wood waste and sugarcane residues also provide ample feedstock for the state's two wood pellet manufacturing plants, which have a combined production capacity of about 1.3 million tons per year. Most of those wood pellets are exported to other countries, where they are burned at power plants to generate electricity.^95,96

Hydroelectric power accounted for about 27% of Louisiana's in-state renewable electricity in 2023.⁹⁷ The state's one hydropower plant—the 192-megawatt Sidney A. Murray Jr. Hydroelectric Station—was the world's largest prefabricated power plant when it came online in 1990. Located on the Mississippi River, the plant has eight turbines.^98,99

Solar power from both utility-scale (facilities 1 megawatt or larger) and small-scale, customer-sited solar panel electric generating systems (less than 1 megawatt) provided 17% of Louisiana's renewable generation in 2023. Louisiana's utility-scale solar generation was seven times greater in 2023 than in 2020. Two solar farms with a total capacity of 220 megawatts came online in late 2023. Louisiana has little onshore wind energy resource potential and no utility-scale wind power generating facilities.^100,101 However, Louisiana has greater offshore wind potential, and in 2023, the U.S. Bureau of Ocean Management awarded a development lease for the Gulf of Mexico Wind Auction 1 in the Lake Charles Lease area, which could potentially add 1.2 gigawatts of offshore wind capacity.¹⁰²

The Louisiana Public Service Commission concluded in 2013 that Louisiana did not need a mandatory RPS.¹⁰³ However, Louisiana has other policies designed to encourage the use of renewable energy and energy efficiency, including voluntary electric utility efficiency programs, energy standards for public buildings, net metering, and energy loans for homeowners.^{104,105,106,107} Small-scale, customer-sited generating installations of up to 25 kilowatts for residential systems and up to 300 kilowatts for commercial and agricultural systems that use solar PV, wind, biomass, and other renewable technologies are eligible for utility net metering.¹⁰⁸

Endnotes

¹ U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Crude Oil Proved Reserves, Reserves Changes, and Production as of 12/31, Annual, 2016-21.
² U.S. EIA, Estimated Dry Natural Gas contained in Total Natural Gas Proved Reserves, Proved Reserves as of Dec. 31, Annual, 2016-21.
³ U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report 2022 (October 3, 2023), Table 15, Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines, Estimated Recoverable Reserves, and Demonstrated Reserve Base by Mining Method, 2022.
⁴ National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Biomass Resource Data, Tools, and Maps, U.S. Biomass Resource Maps (January 15, 2014).
⁵ Keim, Barry, "Louisiana-The Wettest State in the Contiguous United States," Community Collaborative Rain, Hail and Snow Network, accessed July 22, 2024.
⁶ Louisiana State University (LSU), Louisiana Economy Forecasting Model Provides 2024, updated February 21, 2024.
⁷ Mipro, Rachel, "As Louisiana doubles down on biomass, Europe cools on alternative energy source," Louisiana Illuminator (June 14, 2022).
⁸ U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C14, Total Energy Consumption Estimates per Capita by End-Use Sector, Ranked by State, 2022.
⁹ U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C11, Total Energy Consumption Estimates by End-Use Sector, Ranked by State, 2022.
¹⁰ NETSTATE, Louisiana, Louisiana Economy, accessed July 26, 2024.
¹¹ U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C11, Total Energy Consumption Estimates by End-Use Sector, Ranked by State, 2022.
¹² U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C14, Total Energy Consumption Estimates per Capita by End-Use Sector, Ranked by State, 2022.
¹³ Current Results, Winter Temperature Averages for Every State, accessed July 22, 2024.
¹⁴ Weather Spark, Climate and Average Weather Year Round in Louisiana, accessed July 22, 2024.
¹⁵ U.S. EIA, Residential Energy Consumption Survey (2020), State Data, Housing Characteristics, Highlights for space heating in U.S. homes by state, 2020, Highlights for air conditioning in U.S. homes by state, 2020.
¹⁶ U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C11, Total Energy Consumption Estimates by End-Use Sector, Ranked by State, 2022.
¹⁷ U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Production, Marketed Production, Annual-Million Cubic Feet, 2018-23.
¹⁸ U.S. EIA, U.S. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Proved Reserves, Year-end 2022 (April 29, 2024), Table 8.
U.S. EIA, Estimated Dry Natural Gas Contained in Total Natural Gas Proved Reserves, Proved Reserves as of Dec. 31, Annual, 2016-21.
¹⁹ U.S. EIA, Drilling Productivity Report (May 13, 2024), Production by Region.
²⁰ U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Consumption by End Use, Total Consumption, Annual, 2023.
²¹ U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C16, Natural Gas Consumption, Total and per Capita, Ranked by State, 2022.
²² U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Consumption by End Use, Louisiana, Annual, 2023.
²³ U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Consumption by End Use, Pipeline and Distribution Use, Annual, 2023.
²⁴ U.S. Census Bureau, House Heating Fuel, Table B25040, 2022 ACS 1-Year Estimates Detailed Tables, Louisiana.
²⁵ U.S. EIA, Energy Atlas, Natural Gas Infrastructure and Resources, National Gas Pipelines, accessed July 22, 2024.
²⁶ American Petroleum Institute, Where are the Pipelines? Natural Gas Pipelines, accessed July 22, 2024.
²⁷ American Gas Association, 2024 Gas Facts, Gas Industry Miles of Main by State, 2010-22.
²⁸ U.S. EIA, International and Interstate Movements of Natural Gas by State, Louisiana, Annual, 2017-22.
²⁹ Henry Hub - Sabine Hub Services Company, accessed July 22, 2024.
³⁰ S&P Global, Price Assessment, Henry Hub Gas Price Assessment, accessed July 22, 2024.
³¹ U.S. EIA, International and Interstate Movements of Natural Gas by State, Louisiana, Annual, 2017-22.
³² U.S. EIA, "Global trade in liquefied natural gas continued to grow in 2023," Today in Energy (July 11, 2024).
³³ U.S. EIA, "The United States exported a record volume of natural gas in 2023," Today in Energy (April 15, 2024).
³⁴ U.S. EIA, "The United States became the world's largest LNG exporter in the first half of 2022," Today in Energy (December 27, 2022).
³⁵ U.S. EIA, U.S. Natural Gas Exports and Re-Exports by Point of Exit, Area, Sabine Pass, LA, Cameron, LA, and Cameron (Calcasieu Pass), LA, Annual, 2023.
³⁶ Cheniere, Sabine Pass Liquefaction, accessed July 22, 2024.
³⁷ Cameron LNG, A small local company with a large global impact, accessed July 22, 2024.
³⁸ Venture Global LNG, "Venture Global LNG and Jera Announce Departure of Inaugural Commissioning Cargo from Calcasieu Pass," Press Release (March 1, 2022).
³⁹ U.S. EIA, "Calcasieu Pass, the seventh U.S. liquefied natural gas export terminal, begins production," Today in Energy (April 29, 2022).
⁴⁰ U.S. EIA, Underground Natural Gas Storage Capacity, Total Number of Existing Fields, Annual, 2017-22.
⁴¹ U.S. EIA, Underground Natural Gas Storage Capacity, Total Storage Capacity, Annual, 2017-22.
⁴² U.S. EIA, "U.S. natural gas consumption has both winter and summer peaks," Today in Energy (February 13, 2020).
⁴³ U.S. EIA, "Our U.S. summer natural gas consumption forecast for electric power matches 2023 record," Today in Energy (May 30, 2024).
⁴⁴ U.S. EIA, Louisiana Natural Gas Underground Storage Net Withdrawals, Monthly, 1990-2024.
⁴⁵ U.S. EIA, U.S. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Proved Reserves, Year-end 2022 (April 29, 2024), Table 6.
⁴⁶ U.S. EIA, Crude Oil Production, Annual-Thousand Barrels per Day, 2017-23.
⁴⁷ U.S. EIA, Louisiana Field Production of Crude Oil, Annual, Thousand Barrels per Day, 1981-2023.
⁴⁸ U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table PT1, Primary Energy Production Estimates in Physical Units, Louisiana, 1960-2022.
⁴⁹ Louisiana Oil & Gas Association, The History of Louisiana's Oil & Gas Industry, Jennings Field, accessed July 26, 2024.
⁵⁰ National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling, Staff Working Paper No. 1, Draft, A Brief History of Offshore Oil Drilling, p. 2.
⁵¹ U.S. EIA, Gulf Coast Field Production of Crude Oil, Annual-Thousand Barrels per Day, PADD 3, Federal Offshore, 2017-23.
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Other Resources

Energy-Related Regions and Organizations

Coal Region: Interior
Petroleum Administration for Defense District (PADD): 3
Regional Transmission Organization (RTO) and Independent System Operator (ISO): Midcontinent Independent System Operator (MISO), Southwest Power Pool (SPP)
North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) ERO Enterprise: Regional Entities: Midwest Reliability Organization (MRO), SERC Reliability Corporation (SERC)