Illinois State Energy Profile



Illinois Quick Facts

  • Illinois is the fifth-largest energy-consuming state in the nation, and its industrial sector, which includes petroleum refining, coal mining, and agriculture, uses the most energy of any end-use sector in the state.
  • Illinois ranks fourth in the nation in crude oil refining capacity behind Texas, Louisiana, and California, and the state's 4 refineries can process nearly 1 million barrels of crude oil per calendar day.
  • The estimated recoverable coal reserves in Illinois are the second-largest in the nation after Montana, and the state's coal mines account for 6% of U.S. total coal production.
  • Illinois is the third-largest ethanol-producing state (1.4 billion gallons annually) and the fourth-largest biodiesel fuel producer (167 million gallons).
  • Illinois generates more electricity from nuclear energy than any other state, and it accounted for about 13% of U.S. nuclear power generation in 2022.

Last Updated: August 17, 2023



Data

Last Update: February 15, 2024 | Next Update: March 21, 2024

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Energy Indicators  
Demography Illinois Share of U.S. Period
Population 12.6 million 3.8% 2022  
Civilian Labor Force 6.4 million 3.8% Dec-23  
Economy Illinois U.S. Rank Period
Gross Domestic Product $ 1,033.3 billion 5 2022  
Gross Domestic Product for the Manufacturing Sector $ 133,532 million 3 2022  
Per Capita Personal Income $ 68,822 13 2022  
Vehicle Miles Traveled 97,530 million miles 9 2021  
Land in Farms 27.0 million acres 13 2022  
Climate Illinois U.S. Rank Period
Average Temperature 54.8 degrees Fahrenheit 22 2023  
Precipitation 34.4 inches 30 2023  
Prices  
Petroleum Illinois U.S. Average Period find more
Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase $ 74.10 /barrel $ 77.46 /barrel Nov-23  
Natural Gas Illinois U.S. Average Period find more
City Gate $ 3.57 /thousand cu ft $ 4.36 /thousand cu ft Nov-23 find more
Residential $ 9.48 /thousand cu ft $ 13.36 /thousand cu ft Nov-23 find more
Coal Illinois U.S. Average Period find more
Average Sales Price $ 35.96 /short ton $ 54.46 /short ton 2022  
Delivered to Electric Power Sector W $ 2.51 /million Btu Nov-23  
Electricity Illinois U.S. Average Period find more
Residential 15.73 cents/kWh 16.19 cents/kWh Nov-23 find more
Commercial 11.17 cents/kWh 12.60 cents/kWh Nov-23 find more
Industrial 8.49 cents/kWh 7.90 cents/kWh Nov-23 find more
Reserves  
Reserves Illinois Share of U.S. Period find more
Crude Oil (as of Dec. 31) -- -- 2021 find more
Expected Future Production of Dry Natural Gas (as of Dec. 31) -- -- 2021 find more
Expected Future Production of Natural Gas Plant Liquids -- -- 2021 find more
Recoverable Coal at Producing Mines 1,846 million short tons 16.4% 2022 find more
Rotary Rigs & Wells Illinois Share of U.S. Period find more
Natural Gas Producing Wells NA NA 2020 find more
Capacity Illinois Share of U.S. Period
Crude Oil Refinery Capacity (as of Jan. 1) 1,043,485 barrels/calendar day 5.8% 2023  
Electric Power Industry Net Summer Capacity 44,992 MW 3.8% Nov-23  
Supply & Distribution  
Production Illinois Share of U.S. Period find more
Total Energy 2,274 trillion Btu 2.3% 2021 find more
Crude Oil 19 thousand barrels per day 0.1% Nov-23 find more
Natural Gas - Marketed 2,003 million cu ft * 2022 find more
Coal 38,280 thousand short tons 6.4% 2022 find more
Total Utility-Scale Net Electricity Generation Illinois Share of U.S. Period find more
Total Net Electricity Generation 15,050 thousand MWh 4.7% Nov-23  
Utility-Scale Net Electricity Generation (share of total) Illinois U.S. Average Period
Petroleum-Fired * 0.3 % Nov-23 find more
Natural Gas-Fired 14.7 % 42.0 % Nov-23 find more
Coal-Fired 14.0 % 15.9 % Nov-23 find more
Nuclear 54.6 % 19.3 % Nov-23 find more
Renewables 16.3 % 21.9 % Nov-23  
Stocks Illinois Share of U.S. Period find more
Motor Gasoline (Excludes Pipelines) 52 thousand barrels 0.4% Nov-23  
Distillate Fuel Oil (Excludes Pipelines) 3,278 thousand barrels 3.9% Nov-23 find more
Natural Gas in Underground Storage 973,339 million cu ft 11.9% Nov-23 find more
Petroleum Stocks at Electric Power Producers 67 thousand barrels 0.3% Nov-23 find more
Coal Stocks at Electric Power Producers 5,946 thousand tons 4.5% Nov-23 find more
Fueling Stations Illinois Share of U.S. Period
Motor Gasoline 3,907 stations 3.5% 2021  
Propane 82 stations 3.4% Jan-24  
Electric Vehicle Charging Locations 1,211 stations 2.0% Jan-24  
E85 270 stations 6.3% Jan-24  
Biodiesel, Compressed Natural Gas, and Other Alternative Fuels 482 stations 17.3% Jan-24  
Consumption & Expenditures  
Summary Illinois U.S. Rank Period
Total Consumption 3,719 trillion Btu 5 2021 find more
Total Consumption per Capita 294 million Btu 26 2021 find more
Total Expenditures $ 45,113 million 6 2021 find more
Total Expenditures per Capita $ 3,556 40 2021 find more
by End-Use Sector Illinois Share of U.S. Period
Consumption
    »  Residential 935 trillion Btu 4.5% 2021 find more
    »  Commercial 763 trillion Btu 4.4% 2021 find more
    »  Industrial 1,128 trillion Btu 3.5% 2021 find more
    »  Transportation 893 trillion Btu 3.3% 2021 find more
Expenditures
    »  Residential $ 10,852 million 3.8% 2021 find more
    »  Commercial $ 7,120 million 3.6% 2021 find more
    »  Industrial $ 7,182 million 3.1% 2021 find more
    »  Transportation $ 19,959 million 3.3% 2021 find more
by Source Illinois Share of U.S. Period
Consumption
    »  Petroleum 228 million barrels 3.1% 2021 find more
    »  Natural Gas 1,103 billion cu ft 3.4% 2022 find more
    »  Coal 27,278 thousand short tons 5.3% 2022 find more
Expenditures
    »  Petroleum $ 23,622 million 3.1% 2021 find more
    »  Natural Gas $ 11,911 million 4.4% 2022 find more
    »  Coal $ 1,196 million 4.5% 2022 find more
Consumption for Electricity Generation Illinois Share of U.S. Period find more
Petroleum 9 thousand barrels 0.5% Nov-23 find more
Natural Gas 11,433 million cu ft 1.3% Apr-23 find more
Coal 1,217 thousand tons 4.1% Nov-23 find more
Energy Source Used for Home Heating (share of households) Illinois U.S. Average Period
Natural Gas 74.6 % 46.2 % 2022  
Fuel Oil 0.1 % 3.9 % 2022  
Electricity 19.0 % 41.3 % 2022  
Propane 4.5 % 5.0 % 2022  
Other/None 1.8 % 3.5 % 2022  
Environment  
Renewable Energy Capacity Illinois Share of U.S. Period find more
Total Renewable Energy Electricity Net Summer Capacity 8,757 MW 2.7% Nov-23  
Ethanol Plant Nameplate Capacity 1,848 million gal/year 10.5% 2023  
Renewable Energy Production Illinois Share of U.S. Period find more
Utility-Scale Hydroelectric Net Electricity Generation NM NM Nov-23  
Utility-Scale Solar, Wind, and Geothermal Net Electricity Generation 2,430 thousand MWh 5.0% Nov-23  
Utility-Scale Biomass Net Electricity Generation 22 thousand MWh 0.6% Nov-23  
Small-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Generation 88 thousand MWh 1.8% Nov-23  
Fuel Ethanol Production 34,083 thousand barrels 9.5% 2021  
Renewable Energy Consumption Illinois U.S. Rank Period find more
Renewable Energy Consumption as a Share of State Total 9.0 % 31 2021  
Fuel Ethanol Consumption 10,334 thousand barrels 10 2021  
Total Emissions Illinois Share of U.S. Period find more
Carbon Dioxide 184.2 million metric tons 3.8% 2021  
Electric Power Industry Emissions Illinois Share of U.S. Period find more
Carbon Dioxide 53,796 thousand metric tons 3.3% 2022  
Sulfur Dioxide 52 thousand metric tons 4.8% 2022  
Nitrogen Oxide 28 thousand metric tons 2.3% 2022  

Analysis

Last Updated: August 17, 2023

Overview

Located in the center of the United States, Illinois is the most populous Midwestern state, and ranks sixth in the nation in population and fifth in GDP.1,2 Most of the state's residents are concentrated in a few large urban areas, leaving much of the state rural.3 Chicago, located in northeastern Illinois on the shores of Lake Michigan, is home to one-fifth of the state's population and is the third-largest U.S. city.4,5

Illinois plays an important role in the nation's economy because of its central location and extensive transportation network. The state has the nation's fourth-busiest commercial airport and the second-largest rail network with almost 7,000 route miles.6,7 Illinois has the third-largest number of interstate highways, after California and Texas, at almost 2,200 miles, and it also has about 1,100 miles of navigable waterways. The state's inland waterway system connects the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River and the Ohio River, linking the central United States to the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico.8

Illinois is a key hub for crude oil and natural gas moving throughout the United States.

Illinois is a key hub for crude oil and natural gas moving throughout the United States.9 The state also has substantial coal reserves and some crude oil resources.10,11 Illinois is a major electricity generator, produces the most nuclear power among the states, and is a top supplier of wind power.12 The state has 27 million acres of farmland and ranks among the top 10 states in the market value of agricultural products sold.13,14 Corn and soybeans, the state's most important crops, provide feed for livestock and are used as feedstock for many ethanol and biodiesel plants.15,16,17,18

Illinois is the nation's fifth-largest energy-producing and energy-consuming state. The state's industrial sector, which includes agriculture, accounts for about three-tenths of Illinois' total energy use.19,20 Chemicals, food and beverages, machinery, fabricated metal products, and computers and electronics are the largest contributors to the state's manufacturing GDP. Other energy-intensive industries in Illinois include petroleum refining, coal mining, and plastics manufacturing.21 The residential sector accounts for one-fourth of the state's energy consumption, the transportation sector uses slightly less than one-fourth, and the commercial sector accounts for one-fifth.22 Despite the state's cold winters and its warm, humid, and occasionally hot summers, Illinois' total energy consumption per capita ranks near the midpoint of the states.23,24

Electricity

Illinois generates more electricity from nuclear energy than any other state, accounting for one-eighth of the nation’s total nuclear power generation.

Illinois is the nation's fifth-largest electricity producer, and typically sends about one-fifth of the power it generates to other states over interstate transmission lines.25,26 Illinois generates more electricity from nuclear energy than any other state, accounting for one-eighth of the nation's total nuclear power generation.27 In 2022, the state's 6 nuclear power plants, with 11 total reactors, produced 52% of the state's electricity net generation.28,29 Five of the six nuclear plants rank among the 10 largest power plants in the state by both generating capacity and annual electricity generation.30 Because of economic issues in the electricity market, several of the state's nuclear power stations were scheduled to close, but the Illinois legislature in 2016 approved financial incentives to keep the stations operating. The utility that owns two nuclear power plants in northern Illinois, the Byron and Dresden generating facilities, reversed its plans to retire the nuclear power plants in the fall of 2021 after a new state law passed that requires Illinois to transition to 50% clean energy by 2040 and 100% clean energy by 2050.31,32,33,34,35 Illinois has the only chemical facility that converts uranium yellowcake into uranium hexafluoride, a step in making fuel for use at nuclear power reactors.36,37

Coal-fired power plants have been the second-largest electricity providers in Illinois since 2009 However, coal's contribution to in-state generation declined significantly from 41% of electricity net generation in 2012 to 21% in 2022, as about 8,600 megawatts of coal-fired generating capacity shut down during that period in response to stricter emissions regulations and economic pressures. About 2,700 megawatts of coal-fired capacity shut down in 2022 alone and an additional 159 megawatts of capacity are scheduled to close in 2023.38,39,40,41 The state's natural gas-fired generation reached its second-highest level ever in 2022. Natural gas-fired power plants provided almost 13% of Illinois' electricity net generation in 2022, about two times more than a decade earlier. Wind-powered generation closely followed, accounting for 12% of in-state generation. Other renewables, led by solar power, biomass, and hydropower, accounted for almost all the rest of the state's net generation in 2022.42

About 96% of Illinois households use electric air conditioning, but only one in five Illinois households rely on electricity for home heating.43,44 Electricity retail sales in Illinois do not vary greatly among end-use sectors. The commercial and residential sectors each account for 35% of the state's electricity retail sales, and the industrial sector accounts for about 30%. A small amount of electricity goes the transportation sector.45

Coal

Illinois’s estimated recoverable coal reserves are the second-largest in the nation.

Illinois has about 15% of the nation's economically recoverable coal reserves, second only to Montana, and it is the nation's fourth-largest coal producer after Wyoming, West Virginia, and Pennsylvania.46,47 In 1673, Europeans first discovered coal in North America along the Illinois River, and coal underlies about two-thirds of the state. However, coal was not mined in the state until the 1800s.48 Currently, coal mines in Illinois provide about 6% of U.S. total coal production.49

Illinois exports about one-fourth of the coal mined in the state to other countries.50 Typically, about 15 states receive Illinois coal primarily to generate electricity, with Kentucky and Florida receiving the most coal.51 Illinois produces only bituminous coal, which has a high sulfur content. Many electric utilities burn that coal in combination with lower sulfur coal from other regions to meet federal Clean Air Act emissions regulations.52,53,54 Coal from Illinois is transported to other states mainly by rail and barge.55 Illinois consumes about one-fifth of the coal mined in the state, primarily for use in the electric power sector.56,57 Nearly all the coal that Illinois receives from other states comes from Wyoming by rail and is used for electric power generation.58 Industrial and coking plants account for about one-tenth of the state's coal consumption.59

Petroleum

Illinois has the fourth-largest crude oil-refining capacity of any state.

Illinois is a major crude oil-refining state. Its four refineries can collectively process up to 1 million barrels of crude oil per calendar day into petroleum products, the largest refining capacity in the Midwest and the fourth-largest in the nation after Texas, Louisiana, and California.60 The largest refinery in the state is the Wood River refinery, located in the southwest near St. Louis, Missouri. It can process 356,000 barrels of crude oil per calendar day.61,62 There is another refinery in southern Illinois and two more in northeastern Illinois. The state's refineries process domestic crude oil, as well as Canadian and other imported crude oils, into motor gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel, and other petroleum products.63,64

The state's crude oil reserves and production are modest.65,66 Most of the producing wells in Illinois are located in the Illinois Basin in the southern half of the state.67 Oil exploration in Illinois began in the 1860s, but commercial production did not occur until 1905. Since the 1860s, tens of thousands of wells have been drilled in the state. Crude oil production in Illinois peaked in 1940, reaching almost 150 million barrels that year. In 2022, the state's oil production decreased to just under 7 million barrels, the lowest output level since the mid-1930s.68,69 Most of the oil wells in the state are stripper wells that each produce on average less than 2 barrels of crude oil per day.70

Several crude oil and petroleum product pipelines cross Illinois and the state is home to the Patoka Terminal crude oil storage hub, which is the second-largest pipeline terminal in the Midwest with about 80 storage tanks that can hold more than 19 million barrels.71,72,73,74 Illinois has crude oil ports at Chicago on Lake Michigan and at Peoria on the Illinois Waterway, which connects Lake Michigan to the Mississippi River. Chicago's port also handles petroleum product imports.75,76

Illinois consumes the fifth-most petroleum of any state. The transportation sector accounts for about 70% of Illinois' petroleum consumption, and about two-thirds of the state's petroleum use is motor gasoline.77,78 Reformulated motor gasoline blended with at least 10% ethanol, which reduces smog-forming emissions, is required to be sold in the areas around Chicago in northeastern Illinois and around the St. Louis, Missouri, suburbs in southwestern Illinois.79 There are about 270 public fueling stations throughout the state that sell E85, a blend of 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline. Only Minnesota, Iowa, and California have more E85 refueling stations.80 Illinois is a busy aviation hub and more than one-tenth of petroleum used in the state is jet fuel, making it the fifth-largest consumer of jet fuel among the states.81,82

Nearly one-fifth of the petroleum consumed in Illinois is used in the industrial sector, the state's second-largest petroleum-consuming sector.83 The industrial sector also uses about two-thirds of the hydrocarbon gas liquids (HGLs), including propane, ethane, and ethylene, consumed in Illinois.84 Farmers use propane to dry the state's corn crop after harvest, and industry uses ethane and ethylene as feedstock for making plastics.85,86,87,88 Overall, Illinois is the third-largest HGL-consuming state and HGLs account for about one-tenth of the state's petroleum consumption.89,90 The residential and commercial sectors combined make up about 7% of the state's petroleum use. About 4 in 100 Illinois households use petroleum products, mostly propane, for home heating. A small amount of petroleum is used in the state's electric power sector.91,92

Natural gas

Illinois has more than one-tenth of total U.S. natural gas underground storage capacity.

Illinois has few natural gas reserves and small production.93,94 However, the state is a major natural gas crossroads, with many interstate natural gas pipelines and two natural gas market hubs.95 Natural gas supplies enter Illinois primarily from Iowa, Indiana, and Missouri. Slightly more than half of the natural gas that enters Illinois continues on to the east through Indiana, to the north via Wisconsin, and to the south through Missouri.96 Some of the natural gas that enters Illinois stays in the state's 28 underground natural gas storage fields, which have a total storage capacity of just over 1 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, slightly more than one-tenth of U.S. total natural gas underground storage capacity.97

Illinois is the eighth-largest natural gas-consuming state in the nation.98 The residential sector accounts for slightly more than one-third of the natural gas consumed in the state, the largest share of any sector.99 Almost 8 in 10 Illinois households use natural gas for heating.100 The industrial sector is the second-largest natural gas-consuming sector in Illinois, making up about one-fourth of the state's total. The state's electric power sector and commercial sector each account for about one-fifth of natural gas use.101

Renewable energy

Illinois's primary renewable energy product is biofuels. The state is a leading producer of both ethanol and biodiesel, with an annual production capacity of 1.7 billion gallons of ethanol and 192 million gallons of biodiesel. A fertile prairie state, Illinois is a major corn and soybean producer. The state's 13 ethanol plants use corn as feedstock, and the state's 4 biodiesel plants use multiple feedstocks, including soy and corn oils.102,103,104 Illinois' annual ethanol production of 1.4 billion gallons is the third-highest in the nation, after Iowa and Nebraska, and is more than three times larger than the state's ethanol consumption of 434 million gallons.105,106 Illinois produces 167 million gallons of biodiesel, the fourth-highest total, after Iowa, Missouri, and Texas. The state is the third-largest consumer of biodiesel, after Texas and California, at 163 million gallons.107,108

In 2022, Illinois ranked fifth in the nation in wind power capacity with about 7,000 megawatts installed.

In 2022, renewable energy accounted for 14% of Illinois' total in-state electricity generation, more than triple the amount generated a decade earlier. Wind is the primary renewable resource used for electric power generation in the state. In 2022, wind power provided 87% of the state's renewable energy generation, and Illinois was fifth in the nation in utility-scale (1 megawatt or greater) wind power capacity, with about 7,000 megawatts.109,110 About 850 megawatts of additional wind power capacity are scheduled to come online in 2023.111 Illinois' best wind energy resources are found in the northern one-third of the state.112

In 2022, Illinois' total solar power generation from both utility-scale facilities (1 megawatt or larger in capacity) and small-scale, customer-sited solar panel systems (less than 1 megawatt each) accounted for 11% of the state's renewable electricity. The largest solar power facility in Illinois, the 200-megawatt Prairie Solar Farm, came online in late 2021. Nearly three-fifths of the state's solar generation in 2022 came from utility-scale facilities and the rest was small-scale generation, mostly from rooftop solar panels.113,114 Biomass and hydropower together generated about 2% of Illinois' renewable-sourced electricity. Waste and methane gas from municipal landfills fuel nearly all of the state's biomass electricity generation at 12 facilities with 56 megawatts of combined generating capacity.115,116 Illinois has many rivers, but the state's relatively level terrain limits hydroelectric potential. The state's 8 hydroelectric facilities have a total of 31 megawatts of generating capacity.117

Illinois has a renewable portfolio standard (RPS) that requires all investor-owned electric utilities and alternative retail electricity suppliers to obtain increasing proportions of the power they sell from renewably-sourced generation. In 2021, the RPS target was increased to require that 50% of electricity retail sales come from renewable sources by 2040, replacing the earlier target of 25% by 2026.118,119 The RPS will help Illinois reach its goal for its economy to have net zero carbon emissions by 2050.120

Endnotes

1 U.S. Census Bureau, "Growth in U.S. Population Shows Early Indication of Recovery Amid COVID-19 Pandemic," (Press Release), December 22, 2022. 2 U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, "Gross Domestic Product by State and Personal Income by State, 1st Quarter 2023," (Press Release), Table 1, Gross Domestic Product by State and Region: Level and Percent Change from Preceding Period, June 30, 2023.
3 U.S. Census Bureau, Illinois: 2020 Census, Population Density in Illinois Counties: 2020.
4 U.S. Census Bureau, QuickFacts, Chicago City, Illinois, accessed July 18, 2023.
5 City of Chicago, Facts & Statistics, accessed July 18, 2023.
6 Federal Aviation Administration, Preliminary CY 2022 Commercial Service Airports, Rank Order, June 23, 2023.
7 Association of American Railroads, Total Rail Miles by State: 2021, accessed July 18, 2023.
8 Illinois Section of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Report Card for Illinois Infrastructure 2022, p. 41, 73.
9 U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), U.S. Energy Atlas, All Energy Infrastructure and Resources, Illinois, accessed July 18, 2023.
10 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report 2021 (October 18, 2022), Table 14, Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines by State, 2021 and 2020.
11 U.S. EIA, Crude Oil Proved Reserves, Reserves Changes, and Production, Proved Reserves as of 12/31, 2016-21.
12 U.S. EIA, Electric Power Monthly (February 2023), Tables 1.3.B, 1.9.B,1.14.B.
13 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Quick Stats, 2022 State Agriculture Overview Illinois.
14 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Data Products, Farm Income and Wealth Statistics, Cash receipts by commodity State ranking, 2021, Nominal (current dollar), all commodities.
15 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Quick Stats, 2022 State Agriculture Overview Illinois.
16 Ethanol Producer Magazine, Plants List, accessed July 19, 2023.
17 U.S. EIA, U.S. Fuel Ethanol Plant Production Capacity (August 8, 2022), Detailed annual production capacity by plant is available in XLS.
18 U.S. EIA, U.S. Biodiesel Plant Production Capacity (August 8, 2022), Detailed annual production capacity by plant is available in XLS format.
19 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C10, Total Energy Consumption Estimates, Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Energy Consumption Estimates per Real Dollar of GDP, Ranked by State, 2021.
20 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C11, Energy Consumption Estimates by End-Use Sector, Ranked by State, 2021.
21 U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Interactive Data, Regional Data, GDP & Personal Income, Annual Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by State, GDP in Current Dollars, NAICS, Illinois, All Statistics in Table, 2021.
22 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C11, Energy Consumption Estimates by End-Use Sector, Ranked by State, 2021.
23 Angel, Jim, "Climate of Illinois Narrative," Illinois State Water Survey, State Climatologist Office for Illinois, accessed July 19, 2023.
24 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C14, Energy Consumption Estimates Per Capita by End-Use Sector, Ranked by State, 2021.
25 U.S. EIA, Electric Power Monthly (February 2023), Table 1.3.B.
26 U.S. EIA, Illinois Electricity Profile 2021, Table 10, Supply and disposition of electricity, 1990 through 2021.
27 U.S. EIA, Electric Power Monthly (February 2023), Tables 1.9.B., 1.3.B.
28 U.S. EIA, U.S. Nuclear Generation and Generating Capacity, 2023P.
29 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors (thousand megawatthours), Illinois, Annual, 2001-22.
30 U.S. EIA, Illinois Electricity Profile 2021, Table 2A, Ten largest plants by capacity, 2021, Illinois, and Table 2B, Ten largest plants by generation, 2021, Illinois.
31 Shea, Daniel, State Options to Keep Nuclear in the Energy Mix, National Conference of State Legislatures, updated May 30, 2017.
32 Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, Exelon Illinois Nuclear Fleet Audit - Findings and Recommendations, April 14, 2021, p. iv. A-1—A-3.
33 U.S. EIA, Electricity, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of June 2023, Plant State: Illinois, Technology: Nuclear.
34 U.S. EIA, "Five states have implemented programs to assist nuclear power plants," Today in Energy (October 7, 2019).
35 U.S. EIA, "Two nuclear power plants in northern Illinois reversed plans to retire early," Today in Energy (October 28, 2021).
36 U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Nuclear Materials, Fuel Cycle Facilities, Uranium Conversion, updated December 2, 2020.
37 U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, "NRC Approves License for Honeywell Uranium Conversion Facility," No: 20-018 (March 25, 2020).
38 U.S. EIA, Electricity, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of June 2023, and Inventory of Retired Generators as of June 2023, Plant State: Illinois, Technology: Conventional Steam Coal.
39 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors (thousand megawatthours), Illinois, Annual, 2001-22.
40 Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, Flue Gas Desulfurization Task Force Report, Analysis of the Illinois Coal Industry and Electrical Generation in Illinois (December 2018).
41 U.S. EIA, "Coal will account for 85% of U.S. electric generating capacity retirements in 2022," Today in Energy (January 11, 2022).
42 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors (thousand megawatthours), Illinois, Annual, 2001-22.
43 U.S. EIA, Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS), 2020 RECS Survey Data, State Data, Housing characteristics, Highlights for air conditioning in U.S. homes by state, 2020.
44 U.S. Census Bureau, Home Heating Fuel, Table B25040, 2021 ACS 1-Year Estimates Detailed Tables, Illinois.
45 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Retail sales of electricity (million kilowatthours), Illinois, Annual, 2019-22.
46 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report 2021 (October 18, 2022), Table 6, Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Coal Rank, 2021.
47 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report 2021 (October 18, 2022), Table 15, Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines, Estimated Recoverable Reserves, and Demonstrated Reserve Base by Mining Method, 2021.
48 Illinois Mine Subsidence Insurance Fund, History of Mining in Illinois, accessed July 21, 2023.
49 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report 2021 (October 18, 2022), Table 6, Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Coal Rank, 2021.
50 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Distribution Report 2021 (October 18, 2022), Domestic and foreign U.S. coal distribution by origin State.
51 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Distribution Report 2021 (October 18, 2022), Domestic distribution of U.S. coal by origin State, consumer, destination and method of transportation, Illinois, Table OS-5, Domestic Coal Distribution by Origin State, 2021.
52 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report 2021 (October 18, 2022), Table 6, Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Coal Rank, 2021.
53 The Engineering ToolBox, Classification of Coal, Typical Sulfur Content in Coal, accessed July 21, 2023.
54 U.S. EIA, Coal Explained, Coal and the environment, updated November 16, 2022.
55 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Distribution Report 2021 (October 18, 2022), Domestic distribution of U.S. coal by destination State, consumer, destination and method of transportation, Illinois, Table DS-11, Domestic Coal Distribution, by Destination State, 2021.
56 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Distribution Report 2021 (October 18, 2022), Domestic and foreign U.S. coal distribution by origin State, Illinois, Table OS-5, Domestic Coal Distribution, by Origin State, 2021.
57 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report 2021 (October 18, 2022), Table 6, Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Coal Rank, 2021.
58 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Distribution Report 2021 (October 18, 2022), Domestic distribution of U.S. coal by destination State, consumer, destination and method of transportation, Illinois, Table DS-11, Domestic Coal Distribution, by Destination State, 2021.
59 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report 2021 (October 18, 2022), Table 26, U.S. Coal Consumption by End Use Sector, Census Division, and State, 2021 and 2020.
60 U.S. EIA, Number and Capacity of Petroleum Refineries, 2018-23.
61 U.S. EIA, Refinery Capacity Report (June 21, 2023), Table 3, Capacity of Operable Petroleum Refineries by State and Individual Refinery as of January 1, 2023.
62 Phillips 66, Wood River Refinery, accessed July 21, 2023.
63 U.S. EIA, Refinery Capacity Report (June 21, 2023), Table 3, Capacity of Operable Petroleum Refineries by State and Individual Refinery as of January 1, 2023.
64 ExxonMobil, Joliet operations, accessed July 21, 2023.
65 U.S. EIA, Crude Oil Production, Annual-Thousand Barrels, 2017-22.
66 U.S. EIA, Crude Oil Proved Reserves, Reserves Changes, and Production, Proved Reserves as of 12/31, Annual, 2016-21.
67 Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Oil and Gas Resources, accessed July 21, 2023.
68 Illinois Petroleum Resources Board, Illinois History, Annual Illinois Oil Production: 1905-2021.
69 U.S. EIA, Crude Oil Production, Annual-Thousand Barrels, Illinois, 2017-22.
70 Illinois Department of Natural Resources, About Oil and Gas in Illinois, accessed July 21, 2023.
71 Pipeline 101, Where Are Liquids Pipelines Located?, accessed July 21, 2023.
72 Dakota Access Pipeline, accessed July 21, 2023.
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82 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F1, Jet fuel consumption, price, and expenditure estimates, 2021.
83 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F15, Total Petroleum Consumption Estimates, 2021.
84 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F11, Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids Consumption Estimates, 2021.
85 U.S. EIA, "Propane Use for Crop Drying Depends on Weather and Corn Markets as well as Crop Size," Today in Energy (October 2, 2014).
86 U.S. EIA, Hydrocarbon gas liquids explained, Uses of hydrocarbon gas liquids, updated September 13, 2022.
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88 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Storage and Distribution Hub in the United States, Report to Congress (November 2018).
89 U.S. EIA, State Energy Consumption Estimates 1960 through 2021, Table C2, Energy Consumption Estimates for Major Energy Sources in Physical Units, 2021.
90 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F11, Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids Consumption Estimates, 2021.
91 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F16, Total Petroleum Consumption Estimates, 2021.
92 U.S. Census Bureau, Home Heating Fuel, Table B25040, 2021 ACS 1-Year Estimates Detailed Tables, Illinois.
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94 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Reserves Summary as of Dec. 31, 2016¬-21.
95 U.S. EIA, U.S. Energy Atlas, All Energy Infrastructure and Resources, Illinois, accessed July 23, 2023.
96 U.S. EIA, International and Interstate Movements of Natural Gas by State, Illinois, Annual, 2016-21.
97 U.S. EIA, Underground Natural Gas Storage Capacity, Total Number of Existing Fields and Total Storage Capacity, Annual, 2016-21.
98 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Consumption by End Use, Total Consumption, Annual, 2017-22.
99 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Consumption by End Use, Illinois, Annual, 2017-22.
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101 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Consumption by End Use, Illinois, Annual, 2017-22.
102 U.S. EIA, U.S. Fuel Ethanol Plant Production Capacity (August 8, 2022), Detailed nameplate capacity of fuel ethanol plants by Petroleum Administration for Defense District (PADD District) are available in XLS.
103 U.S. EIA, U.S. Biodiesel Plant Production Capacity (August 8, 2022), Detailed annual production capacity by plant is available in XLS format.
104 U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2022 State Agricultural Overview, Illinois.
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106 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F25, Fuel ethanol consumption estimates, 2021.
107 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table P4B, Primary Energy Production Estimates, Biofuels, in Thousand Barrels, Ranked by State 2021.
108 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F26, Biodiesel Consumption Estimates, 2021.
109 U.S. EIA, Electricity Energy Browser, Net generation for all sectors (thousand megawatthours), Illinois, Annual, 2001-22.
110 U.S. EIA, Electric Power Monthly (February 2023), Table 6.2.B.
111 U.S. EIA, Electricity, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Planned Generators as of June 2023, Plant State: Illinois, Technology: Onshore Wind Turbine.
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115 U.S. EIA, Electricity, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of June 2023, Plant State: Illinois, Technology: Landfill Gas, Other Waste Biomass.
116 U.S. EIA, Electricity Energy Browser, Net generation for all sectors (thousand megawatthours), Illinois, Annual, 2001-22.
117 U.S. EIA, Electricity, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of June 2023, Plant State: Illinois, Technology: Conventional Hydroelectric.
118 NC Clean Energy Technology Center, DSIRE, Renewable Portfolio Standard, Illinois, updated June 28, 2018.
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120 Illinois Department of Natural Resources, IDNR Climate Action Plan, accessed August 8, 2023.


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