Illinois Quick Facts
- Illinois is the fifth-largest energy-consuming state in the nation, and its industrial sector, which includes petroleum refining, coal mining, and agriculture, uses the most energy of any end-use sector in the state.
- Illinois ranks fourth in the nation in crude oil refining capacity behind Texas, Louisiana, and California, and the state's 4 refineries can process nearly 1 million barrels of crude oil per calendar day.
- The estimated recoverable coal reserves in Illinois are the second-largest in the nation after Montana, and the state's coal mines account for 6% of U.S. total coal production.
- Illinois is the third-largest ethanol-producing state (1.4 billion gallons annually) and the fourth-largest biodiesel fuel producer (167 million gallons).
- Illinois generates more electricity from nuclear energy than any other state, and it accounted for about 13% of U.S. nuclear power generation in 2022.
Last Updated: August 17, 2023
Data
Last Update: September 21, 2023 | Next Update: October 19, 2023
| Prices | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Petroleum | Illinois | U.S. Average | Period | find more | |
| Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase | $ 67.35 /barrel | $ 68.58 /barrel | Jun-23 | ||
| Natural Gas | Illinois | U.S. Average | Period | find more | |
| City Gate | $ 4.45 /thousand cu ft | $ 4.68 /thousand cu ft | Jun-23 | find more | |
| Residential | $ 19.12 /thousand cu ft | $ 20.16 /thousand cu ft | Jun-23 | find more | |
| Coal | Illinois | U.S. Average | Period | find more | |
| Average Sales Price | $ 31.15 /short ton | $ 36.50 /short ton | 2021 | ||
| Delivered to Electric Power Sector | W | $ 2.47 /million Btu | Jun-23 | ||
| Electricity | Illinois | U.S. Average | Period | find more | |
| Residential | 15.13 cents/kWh | 16.11 cents/kWh | Jun-23 | find more | |
| Commercial | 11.35 cents/kWh | 12.81 cents/kWh | Jun-23 | find more | |
| Industrial | 8.68 cents/kWh | 8.21 cents/kWh | Jun-23 | find more | |
| Reserves | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reserves | Illinois | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Crude Oil (as of Dec. 31) | -- | -- | 2021 | find more | |
| Expected Future Production of Dry Natural Gas (as of Dec. 31) | -- | -- | 2021 | find more | |
| Expected Future Production of Natural Gas Plant Liquids | -- | -- | 2021 | find more | |
| Recoverable Coal at Producing Mines | 1,873 million short tons | 15.2% | 2021 | find more | |
| Rotary Rigs & Wells | Illinois | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Natural Gas Producing Wells | NA | NA | 2020 | find more | |
| Capacity | Illinois | Share of U.S. | Period | ||
| Crude Oil Refinery Capacity (as of Jan. 1) | 1,040,065 barrels/calendar day | 5.8% | 2022 | ||
| Electric Power Industry Net Summer Capacity | 45,887 MW | 3.9% | Jun-23 | ||
| Supply & Distribution | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Production | Illinois | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Total Energy | 2,274 trillion Btu | 2.3% | 2021 | find more | |
| Crude Oil | 19 thousand barrels per day | 0.1% | Jun-23 | find more | |
| Natural Gas - Marketed | 2,131 million cu ft | * | 2021 | find more | |
| Coal | 36,614 thousand short tons | 6.3% | 2021 | find more | |
| Total Utility-Scale Net Electricity Generation | Illinois | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Total Net Electricity Generation | 15,108 thousand MWh | 4.2% | Jun-23 | ||
| Utility-Scale Net Electricity Generation (share of total) | Illinois | U.S. Average | Period | ||
| Petroleum-Fired | * | 0.3 % | Jun-23 | find more | |
| Natural Gas-Fired | 19.6 % | 45.3 % | Jun-23 | find more | |
| Coal-Fired | 14.2 % | 16.2 % | Jun-23 | find more | |
| Nuclear | 55.6 % | 18.2 % | Jun-23 | find more | |
| Renewables | 10.2 % | 19.6 % | Jun-23 | ||
| Stocks | Illinois | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Motor Gasoline (Excludes Pipelines) | 55 thousand barrels | 0.4% | Jun-23 | ||
| Distillate Fuel Oil (Excludes Pipelines) | 3,397 thousand barrels | 4.0% | Jun-23 | find more | |
| Natural Gas in Underground Storage | 818,540 million cu ft | 11.1% | Jun-23 | find more | |
| Petroleum Stocks at Electric Power Producers | 80 thousand barrels | 0.3% | Jun-23 | find more | |
| Coal Stocks at Electric Power Producers | 4,727 thousand tons | 3.7% | Jun-23 | find more | |
| Fueling Stations | Illinois | Share of U.S. | Period | ||
| Motor Gasoline | 3,907 stations | 3.5% | 2021 | ||
| Propane | 82 stations | 3.3% | Aug-23 | ||
| Electric Vehicle Charging Locations | 1,109 stations | 2.0% | Aug-23 | ||
| E85 | 266 stations | 6.3% | Aug-23 | ||
| Compressed Natural Gas and Other Alternative Fuels | 481 stations | 17.3% | Aug-23 | ||
| Consumption & Expenditures | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Summary | Illinois | U.S. Rank | Period | ||
| Total Consumption | 3,719 trillion Btu | 5 | 2021 | find more | |
| Total Consumption per Capita | 294 million Btu | 26 | 2021 | find more | |
| Total Expenditures | $ 45,113 million | 6 | 2021 | find more | |
| Total Expenditures per Capita | $ 3,556 | 40 | 2021 | find more | |
| by End-Use Sector | Illinois | Share of U.S. | Period | ||
| Consumption | |||||
| » Residential | 935 trillion Btu | 4.5% | 2021 | find more | |
| » Commercial | 763 trillion Btu | 4.4% | 2021 | find more | |
| » Industrial | 1,128 trillion Btu | 3.5% | 2021 | find more | |
| » Transportation | 893 trillion Btu | 3.3% | 2021 | find more | |
| Expenditures | |||||
| » Residential | $ 10,852 million | 3.8% | 2021 | find more | |
| » Commercial | $ 7,120 million | 3.6% | 2021 | find more | |
| » Industrial | $ 7,182 million | 3.1% | 2021 | find more | |
| » Transportation | $ 19,959 million | 3.3% | 2021 | find more | |
| by Source | Illinois | Share of U.S. | Period | ||
| Consumption | |||||
| » Petroleum | 228 million barrels | 3.1% | 2021 | find more | |
| » Natural Gas | 1,060 billion cu ft | 3.5% | 2021 | find more | |
| » Coal | 29 million short tons | 5.3% | 2021 | find more | |
| Expenditures | |||||
| » Petroleum | $ 23,622 million | 3.1% | 2021 | find more | |
| » Natural Gas | $ 8,571 million | 4.5% | 2021 | find more | |
| » Coal | $ 982 million | 4.2% | 2021 | find more | |
| Consumption for Electricity Generation | Illinois | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Petroleum | 4 thousand barrels | 0.2% | Jun-23 | find more | |
| Natural Gas | 11,433 million cu ft | 1.3% | Apr-23 | find more | |
| Coal | 1,273 thousand short tons | 3.8% | Jun-23 | find more | |
| Energy Source Used for Home Heating (share of households) | Illinois | U.S. Average | Period | ||
| Natural Gas | 75.4 % | 46.5 % | 2021 | ||
| Fuel Oil | 0.1 % | 4.1 % | 2021 | ||
| Electricity | 18.4 % | 41.0 % | 2021 | ||
| Propane | 4.4 % | 5.0 % | 2021 | ||
| Other/None | 1.8 % | 3.5 % | 2021 | ||
| Environment | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Renewable Energy Capacity | Illinois | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Total Renewable Energy Electricity Net Summer Capacity | 8,512 MW | 2.7% | Jun-23 | ||
| Ethanol Plant Nameplate Capacity | 1,848 million gal/year | 10.5% | 2023 | ||
| Renewable Energy Production | Illinois | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Utility-Scale Hydroelectric Net Electricity Generation | 6 thousand MWh | * | Jun-23 | ||
| Utility-Scale Solar, Wind, and Geothermal Net Electricity Generation | 1,518 thousand MWh | 3.3% | Jun-23 | ||
| Utility-Scale Biomass Net Electricity Generation | 24 thousand MWh | 0.6% | Jun-23 | ||
| Small-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Generation | 170 thousand MWh | 2.3% | Jun-23 | ||
| Fuel Ethanol Production | 34,083 thousand barrels | 9.5% | 2021 | ||
| Renewable Energy Consumption | Illinois | U.S. Rank | Period | find more | |
| Renewable Energy Consumption as a Share of State Total | 9.0 % | 31 | 2021 | ||
| Fuel Ethanol Consumption | 10,334 thousand barrels | 10 | 2021 | ||
| Total Emissions | Illinois | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Carbon Dioxide | 184.2 million metric tons | 3.8% | 2021 | ||
| Electric Power Industry Emissions | Illinois | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Carbon Dioxide | 57,167 thousand metric tons | 3.5% | 2021 | ||
| Sulfur Dioxide | 55 thousand metric tons | 4.7% | 2021 | ||
| Nitrogen Oxide | 31 thousand metric tons | 2.5% | 2021 | ||
Analysis
Last Updated: August 17, 2023
Overview
Located in the center of the United States, Illinois is the most populous Midwestern state, and ranks sixth in the nation in population and fifth in GDP.1,2 Most of the state's residents are concentrated in a few large urban areas, leaving much of the state rural.3 Chicago, located in northeastern Illinois on the shores of Lake Michigan, is home to one-fifth of the state's population and is the third-largest U.S. city.4,5
Illinois plays an important role in the nation's economy because of its central location and extensive transportation network. The state has the nation's fourth-busiest commercial airport and the second-largest rail network with almost 7,000 route miles.6,7 Illinois has the third-largest number of interstate highways, after California and Texas, at almost 2,200 miles, and it also has about 1,100 miles of navigable waterways. The state's inland waterway system connects the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River and the Ohio River, linking the central United States to the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico.8
Illinois is a key hub for crude oil and natural gas moving throughout the United States.
Illinois is a key hub for crude oil and natural gas moving throughout the United States.9 The state also has substantial coal reserves and some crude oil resources.10,11 Illinois is a major electricity generator, produces the most nuclear power among the states, and is a top supplier of wind power.12 The state has 27 million acres of farmland and ranks among the top 10 states in the market value of agricultural products sold.13,14 Corn and soybeans, the state's most important crops, provide feed for livestock and are used as feedstock for many ethanol and biodiesel plants.15,16,17,18
Illinois is the nation's fifth-largest energy-producing and energy-consuming state. The state's industrial sector, which includes agriculture, accounts for about three-tenths of Illinois' total energy use.19,20 Chemicals, food and beverages, machinery, fabricated metal products, and computers and electronics are the largest contributors to the state's manufacturing GDP. Other energy-intensive industries in Illinois include petroleum refining, coal mining, and plastics manufacturing.21 The residential sector accounts for one-fourth of the state's energy consumption, the transportation sector uses slightly less than one-fourth, and the commercial sector accounts for one-fifth.22 Despite the state's cold winters and its warm, humid, and occasionally hot summers, Illinois' total energy consumption per capita ranks near the midpoint of the states.23,24
Electricity
Illinois generates more electricity from nuclear energy than any other state, accounting for one-eighth of the nation’s total nuclear power generation.
Illinois is the nation's fifth-largest electricity producer, and typically sends about one-fifth of the power it generates to other states over interstate transmission lines.25,26 Illinois generates more electricity from nuclear energy than any other state, accounting for one-eighth of the nation's total nuclear power generation.27 In 2022, the state's 6 nuclear power plants, with 11 total reactors, produced 52% of the state's electricity net generation.28,29 Five of the six nuclear plants rank among the 10 largest power plants in the state by both generating capacity and annual electricity generation.30 Because of economic issues in the electricity market, several of the state's nuclear power stations were scheduled to close, but the Illinois legislature in 2016 approved financial incentives to keep the stations operating. The utility that owns two nuclear power plants in northern Illinois, the Byron and Dresden generating facilities, reversed its plans to retire the nuclear power plants in the fall of 2021 after a new state law passed that requires Illinois to transition to 50% clean energy by 2040 and 100% clean energy by 2050.31,32,33,34,35 Illinois has the only chemical facility that converts uranium yellowcake into uranium hexafluoride, a step in making fuel for use at nuclear power reactors.36,37
Coal-fired power plants have been the second-largest electricity providers in Illinois since 2009 However, coal's contribution to in-state generation declined significantly from 41% of electricity net generation in 2012 to 21% in 2022, as about 8,600 megawatts of coal-fired generating capacity shut down during that period in response to stricter emissions regulations and economic pressures. About 2,700 megawatts of coal-fired capacity shut down in 2022 alone and an additional 159 megawatts of capacity are scheduled to close in 2023.38,39,40,41 The state's natural gas-fired generation reached its second-highest level ever in 2022. Natural gas-fired power plants provided almost 13% of Illinois' electricity net generation in 2022, about two times more than a decade earlier. Wind-powered generation closely followed, accounting for 12% of in-state generation. Other renewables, led by solar power, biomass, and hydropower, accounted for almost all the rest of the state's net generation in 2022.42
About 96% of Illinois households use electric air conditioning, but only one in five Illinois households rely on electricity for home heating.43,44 Electricity retail sales in Illinois do not vary greatly among end-use sectors. The commercial and residential sectors each account for 35% of the state's electricity retail sales, and the industrial sector accounts for about 30%. A small amount of electricity goes the transportation sector.45
Coal
Illinois’s estimated recoverable coal reserves are the second-largest in the nation.
Illinois has about 15% of the nation's economically recoverable coal reserves, second only to Montana, and it is the nation's fourth-largest coal producer after Wyoming, West Virginia, and Pennsylvania.46,47 In 1673, Europeans first discovered coal in North America along the Illinois River, and coal underlies about two-thirds of the state. However, coal was not mined in the state until the 1800s.48 Currently, coal mines in Illinois provide about 6% of U.S. total coal production.49
Illinois exports about one-fourth of the coal mined in the state to other countries.50 Typically, about 15 states receive Illinois coal primarily to generate electricity, with Kentucky and Florida receiving the most coal.51 Illinois produces only bituminous coal, which has a high sulfur content. Many electric utilities burn that coal in combination with lower sulfur coal from other regions to meet federal Clean Air Act emissions regulations.52,53,54 Coal from Illinois is transported to other states mainly by rail and barge.55 Illinois consumes about one-fifth of the coal mined in the state, primarily for use in the electric power sector.56,57 Nearly all the coal that Illinois receives from other states comes from Wyoming by rail and is used for electric power generation.58 Industrial and coking plants account for about one-tenth of the state's coal consumption.59
Petroleum
Illinois has the fourth-largest crude oil-refining capacity of any state.
Illinois is a major crude oil-refining state. Its four refineries can collectively process up to 1 million barrels of crude oil per calendar day into petroleum products, the largest refining capacity in the Midwest and the fourth-largest in the nation after Texas, Louisiana, and California.60 The largest refinery in the state is the Wood River refinery, located in the southwest near St. Louis, Missouri. It can process 356,000 barrels of crude oil per calendar day.61,62 There is another refinery in southern Illinois and two more in northeastern Illinois. The state's refineries process domestic crude oil, as well as Canadian and other imported crude oils, into motor gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel, and other petroleum products.63,64
The state's crude oil reserves and production are modest.65,66 Most of the producing wells in Illinois are located in the Illinois Basin in the southern half of the state.67 Oil exploration in Illinois began in the 1860s, but commercial production did not occur until 1905. Since the 1860s, tens of thousands of wells have been drilled in the state. Crude oil production in Illinois peaked in 1940, reaching almost 150 million barrels that year. In 2022, the state's oil production decreased to just under 7 million barrels, the lowest output level since the mid-1930s.68,69 Most of the oil wells in the state are stripper wells that each produce on average less than 2 barrels of crude oil per day.70
Several crude oil and petroleum product pipelines cross Illinois and the state is home to the Patoka Terminal crude oil storage hub, which is the second-largest pipeline terminal in the Midwest with about 80 storage tanks that can hold more than 19 million barrels.71,72,73,74 Illinois has crude oil ports at Chicago on Lake Michigan and at Peoria on the Illinois Waterway, which connects Lake Michigan to the Mississippi River. Chicago's port also handles petroleum product imports.75,76
Illinois consumes the fifth-most petroleum of any state. The transportation sector accounts for about 70% of Illinois' petroleum consumption, and about two-thirds of the state's petroleum use is motor gasoline.77,78 Reformulated motor gasoline blended with at least 10% ethanol, which reduces smog-forming emissions, is required to be sold in the areas around Chicago in northeastern Illinois and around the St. Louis, Missouri, suburbs in southwestern Illinois.79 There are about 270 public fueling stations throughout the state that sell E85, a blend of 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline. Only Minnesota, Iowa, and California have more E85 refueling stations.80 Illinois is a busy aviation hub and more than one-tenth of petroleum used in the state is jet fuel, making it the fifth-largest consumer of jet fuel among the states.81,82
Nearly one-fifth of the petroleum consumed in Illinois is used in the industrial sector, the state's second-largest petroleum-consuming sector.83 The industrial sector also uses about two-thirds of the hydrocarbon gas liquids (HGLs), including propane, ethane, and ethylene, consumed in Illinois.84 Farmers use propane to dry the state's corn crop after harvest, and industry uses ethane and ethylene as feedstock for making plastics.85,86,87,88 Overall, Illinois is the third-largest HGL-consuming state and HGLs account for about one-tenth of the state's petroleum consumption.89,90 The residential and commercial sectors combined make up about 7% of the state's petroleum use. About 4 in 100 Illinois households use petroleum products, mostly propane, for home heating. A small amount of petroleum is used in the state's electric power sector.91,92
Natural gas
Illinois has more than one-tenth of total U.S. natural gas underground storage capacity.
Illinois has few natural gas reserves and small production.93,94 However, the state is a major natural gas crossroads, with many interstate natural gas pipelines and two natural gas market hubs.95 Natural gas supplies enter Illinois primarily from Iowa, Indiana, and Missouri. Slightly more than half of the natural gas that enters Illinois continues on to the east through Indiana, to the north via Wisconsin, and to the south through Missouri.96 Some of the natural gas that enters Illinois stays in the state's 28 underground natural gas storage fields, which have a total storage capacity of just over 1 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, slightly more than one-tenth of U.S. total natural gas underground storage capacity.97
Illinois is the eighth-largest natural gas-consuming state in the nation.98 The residential sector accounts for slightly more than one-third of the natural gas consumed in the state, the largest share of any sector.99 Almost 8 in 10 Illinois households use natural gas for heating.100 The industrial sector is the second-largest natural gas-consuming sector in Illinois, making up about one-fourth of the state's total. The state's electric power sector and commercial sector each account for about one-fifth of natural gas use.101
Renewable energy
Illinois's primary renewable energy product is biofuels. The state is a leading producer of both ethanol and biodiesel, with an annual production capacity of 1.7 billion gallons of ethanol and 192 million gallons of biodiesel. A fertile prairie state, Illinois is a major corn and soybean producer. The state's 13 ethanol plants use corn as feedstock, and the state's 4 biodiesel plants use multiple feedstocks, including soy and corn oils.102,103,104 Illinois' annual ethanol production of 1.4 billion gallons is the third-highest in the nation, after Iowa and Nebraska, and is more than three times larger than the state's ethanol consumption of 434 million gallons.105,106 Illinois produces 167 million gallons of biodiesel, the fourth-highest total, after Iowa, Missouri, and Texas. The state is the third-largest consumer of biodiesel, after Texas and California, at 163 million gallons.107,108
In 2022, Illinois ranked fifth in the nation in wind power capacity with about 7,000 megawatts installed.
In 2022, renewable energy accounted for 14% of Illinois' total in-state electricity generation, more than triple the amount generated a decade earlier. Wind is the primary renewable resource used for electric power generation in the state. In 2022, wind power provided 87% of the state's renewable energy generation, and Illinois was fifth in the nation in utility-scale (1 megawatt or greater) wind power capacity, with about 7,000 megawatts.109,110 About 850 megawatts of additional wind power capacity are scheduled to come online in 2023.111 Illinois' best wind energy resources are found in the northern one-third of the state.112
In 2022, Illinois' total solar power generation from both utility-scale facilities (1 megawatt or larger in capacity) and small-scale, customer-sited solar panel systems (less than 1 megawatt each) accounted for 11% of the state's renewable electricity. The largest solar power facility in Illinois, the 200-megawatt Prairie Solar Farm, came online in late 2021. Nearly three-fifths of the state's solar generation in 2022 came from utility-scale facilities and the rest was small-scale generation, mostly from rooftop solar panels.113,114 Biomass and hydropower together generated about 2% of Illinois' renewable-sourced electricity. Waste and methane gas from municipal landfills fuel nearly all of the state's biomass electricity generation at 12 facilities with 56 megawatts of combined generating capacity.115,116 Illinois has many rivers, but the state's relatively level terrain limits hydroelectric potential. The state's 8 hydroelectric facilities have a total of 31 megawatts of generating capacity.117
Illinois has a renewable portfolio standard (RPS) that requires all investor-owned electric utilities and alternative retail electricity suppliers to obtain increasing proportions of the power they sell from renewably-sourced generation. In 2021, the RPS target was increased to require that 50% of electricity retail sales come from renewable sources by 2040, replacing the earlier target of 25% by 2026.118,119 The RPS will help Illinois reach its goal for its economy to have net zero carbon emissions by 2050.120
Endnotes
1 U.S. Census Bureau, "Growth in U.S. Population Shows Early Indication of Recovery Amid COVID-19 Pandemic," (Press Release), December 22, 2022.
2 U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, "Gross Domestic Product by State and Personal Income by State, 1st Quarter 2023," (Press Release), Table 1, Gross Domestic Product by State and Region: Level and Percent Change from Preceding Period, June 30, 2023.
3 U.S. Census Bureau, Illinois: 2020 Census, Population Density in Illinois Counties: 2020.
4 U.S. Census Bureau, QuickFacts, Chicago City, Illinois, accessed July 18, 2023.
5 City of Chicago, Facts & Statistics, accessed July 18, 2023.
6 Federal Aviation Administration, Preliminary CY 2022 Commercial Service Airports, Rank Order, June 23, 2023.
7 Association of American Railroads, Total Rail Miles by State: 2021, accessed July 18, 2023.
8 Illinois Section of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Report Card for Illinois Infrastructure 2022, p. 41, 73.
9 U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), U.S. Energy Atlas, All Energy Infrastructure and Resources, Illinois, accessed July 18, 2023.
10 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report 2021 (October 18, 2022), Table 14, Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines by State, 2021 and 2020.
11 U.S. EIA, Crude Oil Proved Reserves, Reserves Changes, and Production, Proved Reserves as of 12/31, 2016-21.
12 U.S. EIA, Electric Power Monthly (February 2023), Tables 1.3.B, 1.9.B,1.14.B.
13 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Quick Stats, 2022 State Agriculture Overview Illinois.
14 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Data Products, Farm Income and Wealth Statistics, Cash receipts by commodity State ranking, 2021, Nominal (current dollar), all commodities.
15 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Quick Stats, 2022 State Agriculture Overview Illinois.
16 Ethanol Producer Magazine, Plants List, accessed July 19, 2023.
17 U.S. EIA, U.S. Fuel Ethanol Plant Production Capacity (August 8, 2022), Detailed annual production capacity by plant is available in XLS.
18 U.S. EIA, U.S. Biodiesel Plant Production Capacity (August 8, 2022), Detailed annual production capacity by plant is available in XLS format.
19 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C10, Total Energy Consumption Estimates, Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Energy Consumption Estimates per Real Dollar of GDP, Ranked by State, 2021.
20 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C11, Energy Consumption Estimates by End-Use Sector, Ranked by State, 2021.
21 U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Interactive Data, Regional Data, GDP & Personal Income, Annual Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by State, GDP in Current Dollars, NAICS, Illinois, All Statistics in Table, 2021.
22 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C11, Energy Consumption Estimates by End-Use Sector, Ranked by State, 2021.
23 Angel, Jim, "Climate of Illinois Narrative," Illinois State Water Survey, State Climatologist Office for Illinois, accessed July 19, 2023.
24 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C14, Energy Consumption Estimates Per Capita by End-Use Sector, Ranked by State, 2021.
25 U.S. EIA, Electric Power Monthly (February 2023), Table 1.3.B.
26 U.S. EIA, Illinois Electricity Profile 2021, Table 10, Supply and disposition of electricity, 1990 through 2021.
27 U.S. EIA, Electric Power Monthly (February 2023), Tables 1.9.B., 1.3.B.
28 U.S. EIA, U.S. Nuclear Generation and Generating Capacity, 2023P.
29 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors (thousand megawatthours), Illinois, Annual, 2001-22.
30 U.S. EIA, Illinois Electricity Profile 2021, Table 2A, Ten largest plants by capacity, 2021, Illinois, and Table 2B, Ten largest plants by generation, 2021, Illinois.
31 Shea, Daniel, State Options to Keep Nuclear in the Energy Mix, National Conference of State Legislatures, updated May 30, 2017.
32 Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, Exelon Illinois Nuclear Fleet Audit - Findings and Recommendations, April 14, 2021, p. iv. A-1—A-3.
33 U.S. EIA, Electricity, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of June 2023, Plant State: Illinois, Technology: Nuclear.
34 U.S. EIA, "Five states have implemented programs to assist nuclear power plants," Today in Energy (October 7, 2019).
35 U.S. EIA, "Two nuclear power plants in northern Illinois reversed plans to retire early," Today in Energy (October 28, 2021).
36 U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Nuclear Materials, Fuel Cycle Facilities, Uranium Conversion, updated December 2, 2020.
37 U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, "NRC Approves License for Honeywell Uranium Conversion Facility," No: 20-018 (March 25, 2020).
38 U.S. EIA, Electricity, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of June 2023, and Inventory of Retired Generators as of June 2023, Plant State: Illinois, Technology: Conventional Steam Coal.
39 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors (thousand megawatthours), Illinois, Annual, 2001-22.
40 Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, Flue Gas Desulfurization Task Force Report, Analysis of the Illinois Coal Industry and Electrical Generation in Illinois (December 2018).
41 U.S. EIA, "Coal will account for 85% of U.S. electric generating capacity retirements in 2022," Today in Energy (January 11, 2022).
42 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors (thousand megawatthours), Illinois, Annual, 2001-22.
43 U.S. EIA, Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS), 2020 RECS Survey Data, State Data, Housing characteristics, Highlights for air conditioning in U.S. homes by state, 2020.
44 U.S. Census Bureau, Home Heating Fuel, Table B25040, 2021 ACS 1-Year Estimates Detailed Tables, Illinois.
45 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Retail sales of electricity (million kilowatthours), Illinois, Annual, 2019-22.
46 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report 2021 (October 18, 2022), Table 6, Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Coal Rank, 2021.
47 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report 2021 (October 18, 2022), Table 15, Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines, Estimated Recoverable Reserves, and Demonstrated Reserve Base by Mining Method, 2021.
48 Illinois Mine Subsidence Insurance Fund, History of Mining in Illinois, accessed July 21, 2023.
49 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report 2021 (October 18, 2022), Table 6, Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Coal Rank, 2021.
50 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Distribution Report 2021 (October 18, 2022), Domestic and foreign U.S. coal distribution by origin State.
51 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Distribution Report 2021 (October 18, 2022), Domestic distribution of U.S. coal by origin State, consumer, destination and method of transportation, Illinois, Table OS-5, Domestic Coal Distribution by Origin State, 2021.
52 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report 2021 (October 18, 2022), Table 6, Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Coal Rank, 2021.
53 The Engineering ToolBox, Classification of Coal, Typical Sulfur Content in Coal, accessed July 21, 2023.
54 U.S. EIA, Coal Explained, Coal and the environment, updated November 16, 2022.
55 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Distribution Report 2021 (October 18, 2022), Domestic distribution of U.S. coal by destination State, consumer, destination and method of transportation, Illinois, Table DS-11, Domestic Coal Distribution, by Destination State, 2021.
56 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Distribution Report 2021 (October 18, 2022), Domestic and foreign U.S. coal distribution by origin State, Illinois, Table OS-5, Domestic Coal Distribution, by Origin State, 2021.
57 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report 2021 (October 18, 2022), Table 6, Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Coal Rank, 2021.
58 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Distribution Report 2021 (October 18, 2022), Domestic distribution of U.S. coal by destination State, consumer, destination and method of transportation, Illinois, Table DS-11, Domestic Coal Distribution, by Destination State, 2021.
59 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report 2021 (October 18, 2022), Table 26, U.S. Coal Consumption by End Use Sector, Census Division, and State, 2021 and 2020.
60 U.S. EIA, Number and Capacity of Petroleum Refineries, 2018-23.
61 U.S. EIA, Refinery Capacity Report (June 21, 2023), Table 3, Capacity of Operable Petroleum Refineries by State and Individual Refinery as of January 1, 2023.
62 Phillips 66, Wood River Refinery, accessed July 21, 2023.
63 U.S. EIA, Refinery Capacity Report (June 21, 2023), Table 3, Capacity of Operable Petroleum Refineries by State and Individual Refinery as of January 1, 2023.
64 ExxonMobil, Joliet operations, accessed July 21, 2023.
65 U.S. EIA, Crude Oil Production, Annual-Thousand Barrels, 2017-22.
66 U.S. EIA, Crude Oil Proved Reserves, Reserves Changes, and Production, Proved Reserves as of 12/31, Annual, 2016-21.
67 Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Oil and Gas Resources, accessed July 21, 2023.
68 Illinois Petroleum Resources Board, Illinois History, Annual Illinois Oil Production: 1905-2021.
69 U.S. EIA, Crude Oil Production, Annual-Thousand Barrels, Illinois, 2017-22.
70 Illinois Department of Natural Resources, About Oil and Gas in Illinois, accessed July 21, 2023.
71 Pipeline 101, Where Are Liquids Pipelines Located?, accessed July 21, 2023.
72 Dakota Access Pipeline, accessed July 21, 2023.
73 O'Connell, Patrick, "Dakota Access pipeline a mix of angst, potential for those near central Illinois tank farm," The Chicago Tribune (January 4, 2018).
74 Dakota Access Pipeline, Patoka Terminal, accessed July 24, 2023.
75 U.S. EIA, Petroleum and Other Liquids, Company Level Imports, April 2022 to April 2023.
76 Illinois Port Association, Ports, accessed July 24, 2023.
77 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F16, Total Petroleum Consumption Estimates, 2021.
78 U.S. EIA, State Energy Consumption Estimates 1960 through 2021, Table C2, Energy Consumption Estimates for Major Energy Sources in Physical Units, 2021.
79 Larson, B. K., U.S. Gasoline Requirements, ExxonMobil (January 2018).
80 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Alternative Fueling Station Counts by State, accessed July 22, 2023.
81 U.S. EIA, State Energy Consumption Estimates 1960 through 2021, Table C2, Energy Consumption Estimates for Major Energy Sources in Physical Units, 2021.
82 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F1, Jet fuel consumption, price, and expenditure estimates, 2021.
83 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F15, Total Petroleum Consumption Estimates, 2021.
84 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F11, Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids Consumption Estimates, 2021.
85 U.S. EIA, "Propane Use for Crop Drying Depends on Weather and Corn Markets as well as Crop Size," Today in Energy (October 2, 2014).
86 U.S. EIA, Hydrocarbon gas liquids explained, Uses of hydrocarbon gas liquids, updated September 13, 2022.
87 U.S. EIA, "U.S. hydrocarbon gas liquids consumption increases as prices, expenditures decrease," Today in Energy (June 25, 2018).
88 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Storage and Distribution Hub in the United States, Report to Congress (November 2018).
89 U.S. EIA, State Energy Consumption Estimates 1960 through 2021, Table C2, Energy Consumption Estimates for Major Energy Sources in Physical Units, 2021.
90 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F11, Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids Consumption Estimates, 2021.
91 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F16, Total Petroleum Consumption Estimates, 2021.
92 U.S. Census Bureau, Home Heating Fuel, Table B25040, 2021 ACS 1-Year Estimates Detailed Tables, Illinois.
93 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Production, Marketed Production, Annual-Million Cubic Feet, 2017-22.
94 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Reserves Summary as of Dec. 31, 2016¬-21.
95 U.S. EIA, U.S. Energy Atlas, All Energy Infrastructure and Resources, Illinois, accessed July 23, 2023.
96 U.S. EIA, International and Interstate Movements of Natural Gas by State, Illinois, Annual, 2016-21.
97 U.S. EIA, Underground Natural Gas Storage Capacity, Total Number of Existing Fields and Total Storage Capacity, Annual, 2016-21.
98 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Consumption by End Use, Total Consumption, Annual, 2017-22.
99 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Consumption by End Use, Illinois, Annual, 2017-22.
100 U.S. Census Bureau, Home Heating Fuel, Table B25040, 2021 ACS 1-Year Estimates Detailed Tables, Illinois.
101 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Consumption by End Use, Illinois, Annual, 2017-22.
102 U.S. EIA, U.S. Fuel Ethanol Plant Production Capacity (August 8, 2022), Detailed nameplate capacity of fuel ethanol plants by Petroleum Administration for Defense District (PADD District) are available in XLS.
103 U.S. EIA, U.S. Biodiesel Plant Production Capacity (August 8, 2022), Detailed annual production capacity by plant is available in XLS format.
104 U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2022 State Agricultural Overview, Illinois.
105 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table P4B, Primary Energy Production Estimates, Biofuels, in Thousand Barrels, Ranked by State 2021.
106 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F25, Fuel ethanol consumption estimates, 2021.
107 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table P4B, Primary Energy Production Estimates, Biofuels, in Thousand Barrels, Ranked by State 2021.
108 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F26, Biodiesel Consumption Estimates, 2021.
109 U.S. EIA, Electricity Energy Browser, Net generation for all sectors (thousand megawatthours), Illinois, Annual, 2001-22.
110 U.S. EIA, Electric Power Monthly (February 2023), Table 6.2.B.
111 U.S. EIA, Electricity, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Planned Generators as of June 2023, Plant State: Illinois, Technology: Onshore Wind Turbine.
112 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, WINDExchange, Wind Energy in Illinois, Maps & Data, accessed July 24, 2023.
113 U.S. EIA, Electricity, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of June 2023 and Inventory of Planned Generators as of June 2023, Plant State: Illinois, Technology: Solar Photovoltaic.
114 U.S. EIA, Electricity Energy Browser, Net generation for all sectors (thousand megawatthours), Illinois, Annual, 2001-22.
115 U.S. EIA, Electricity, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of June 2023, Plant State: Illinois, Technology: Landfill Gas, Other Waste Biomass.
116 U.S. EIA, Electricity Energy Browser, Net generation for all sectors (thousand megawatthours), Illinois, Annual, 2001-22.
117 U.S. EIA, Electricity, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of June 2023, Plant State: Illinois, Technology: Conventional Hydroelectric.
118 NC Clean Energy Technology Center, DSIRE, Renewable Portfolio Standard, Illinois, updated June 28, 2018.
119 U.S. EIA, "Five states updated or adopted new clean energy standards in 2021," Today in Energy (February 1, 2022).
120 Illinois Department of Natural Resources, IDNR Climate Action Plan, accessed August 8, 2023.
Other Resources
Energy-Related Regions and Organizations
- Coal Region: Interior
- Petroleum Administration for Defense District (PADD): 2
- Regional Transmission Organization (RTO) and Independent System Operator (ISO): Midcontinent Independent System Operator (MISO), PJM Interconnection (PJM)
- North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) ERO Enterprise: Regional Entities: Reliability First Corporation (RFC), SERC Reliability Corporation (SERC)
Other Websites
- Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity, Home Weatherization
- Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Oil and Gas Resource Management
- Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity, Utility Bill Assistance
- Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Illinois Mining and Minerals
- Illinois Commerce Commission
- EIA Illinois Flickr Album
- Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity, Community Assistance, Energy Efficiency and Infrastructure
- Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Energy
- University of Illinois, Smart Energy Design Assistance Center
- Illinois State Geological Survey
- Alternative Fuels Data Center, Federal and State Laws and Incentives
- Benefits.Gov, Housing and Public Utilities
- NC Clean Energy Technology Center, Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency (DSIRE)
- National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners (NARUC)
- National Association of State Energy Officials (NASEO)
- National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL), Energy
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Geospatial Data Science Data and Tools
- U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Publications
- Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission
- Southeastern Power Administration
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Community Services, Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP)
- EIA Status of U.S. Nuclear Outages
- U.S. Geological Survey, Maps
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Energy Flow Charts
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, State and Local Planning for Energy (SLOPE)
- EIA Natural Gas Storage Dashboard
- EIA Energy Disruptions
- U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Rural Development, Energy Programs
