Idaho Quick Facts
- Idaho consumes about six times more energy than it produces, although its total energy use is among the 10 lowest states.
- In 2024, renewable energy sources accounted for 69% of the total electricity generated in Idaho, the fifth-highest share of renewable electricity for any state after Vermont, South Dakota, Washington, and Maine.
- Idaho has the third-lowest residential sector average electricity price among the states, in part because of the large amount of the state's generation that comes from relatively inexpensive hydropower, which accounted for 44% of the state's generation in 2024.
- Idaho ranks among the 10 states with the lowest petroleum consumption, and the transportation sector accounts for more than four-fifths of Idaho's petroleum use.
- Per capita natural gas consumption in Idaho ranks among the lowest one-third of the states, despite more than half of Idaho households using natural gas as their primary energy source for heating.
Last Updated: June 20, 2025
Data
Last Update: December 18, 2025 | Next Update: January 15, 2026
| Prices | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Petroleum | Idaho | U.S. Average | Period | find more | |
| Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase | -- | $ 62.23 /barrel | Sep-25 | ||
| Natural Gas | Idaho | U.S. Average | Period | find more | |
| City Gate | $ 3.15 /thousand cu ft | $ 5.11 /thousand cu ft | Sep-25 | find more | |
| Residential | $ 12.49 /thousand cu ft | $ 24.56 /thousand cu ft | Sep-25 | find more | |
| Coal | Idaho | U.S. Average | Period | find more | |
| Average Sales Price | -- | $ 54.04 /short ton | 2023 | ||
| Delivered to Electric Power Sector | -- | $ 2.40 /million Btu | Sep-25 | ||
| Electricity | Idaho | U.S. Average | Period | find more | |
| Residential | 12.50 cents/kWh | 18.07 cents/kWh | Sep-25 | find more | |
| Commercial | 10.02 cents/kWh | 14.06 cents/kWh | Sep-25 | find more | |
| Industrial | 8.72 cents/kWh | 9.02 cents/kWh | Sep-25 | find more | |
| Reserves | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reserves | Idaho | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Crude Oil (as of Dec. 31) | -- | -- | 2022 | find more | |
| Expected Future Production of Dry Natural Gas (as of Dec. 31) | -- | -- | 2022 | find more | |
| Expected Future Production of Natural Gas Plant Liquids | -- | -- | 2022 | find more | |
| Recoverable Coal at Producing Mines | -- | -- | 2024 | find more | |
| Rotary Rigs & Wells | Idaho | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Natural Gas Producing Wells | -- | -- | 2020 | find more | |
| Capacity | Idaho | Share of U.S. | Period | ||
| Crude Oil Refinery Capacity (as of Jan. 1) | -- | -- | 2025 | ||
| Electric Power Industry Net Summer Capacity | 6,170 MW | 0.5% | Sep-25 | ||
| Supply & Distribution | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Production | Idaho | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Total Energy | 77 trillion Btu | 0.1% | 2023 | find more | |
| Crude Oil | 0 thousand barrels per day | 0.0% | Sep-25 | find more | |
| Natural Gas - Marketed | 1,146 million cu ft | * | 2024 | find more | |
| Coal | -- | -- | 2024 | find more | |
| Total Utility-Scale Net Electricity Generation | Idaho | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Total Net Electricity Generation | 1,495 thousand MWh | 0.4% | Sep-25 | ||
| Utility-Scale Net Electricity Generation (share of total) | Idaho | U.S. Average | Period | ||
| Petroleum-Fired | * | 0.2 % | Sep-25 | find more | |
| Natural Gas-Fired | 39.4 % | 45.6 % | Sep-25 | find more | |
| Coal-Fired | 0.0 % | 15.9 % | Sep-25 | find more | |
| Nuclear | 0.0 % | 17.8 % | Sep-25 | find more | |
| Renewables | 60.5 % | 20.1 % | Sep-25 | ||
| Stocks | Idaho | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Motor Gasoline (Excludes Pipelines) | 14 thousand barrels | 0.1% | Sep-25 | ||
| Distillate Fuel Oil (Excludes Pipelines) | 231 thousand barrels | 0.2% | Sep-25 | find more | |
| Natural Gas in Underground Storage | -- | -- | Sep-25 | find more | |
| Petroleum Stocks at Electric Power Producers | 0 thousand barrels | 0.0% | Sep-25 | find more | |
| Coal Stocks at Electric Power Producers | 0 thousand tons | 0.0% | Sep-25 | find more | |
| Fueling Stations | Idaho | Share of U.S. | Period | ||
| Motor Gasoline | 646 stations | 0.6% | 2023 | ||
| Propane | 21 stations | 0.8% | Nov-25 | ||
| Electric Vehicle Charging Locations | 221 stations | 0.3% | Nov-25 | ||
| E85 | 3 stations | 0.1% | Nov-25 | ||
| Biodiesel, Compressed Natural Gas, and Other Alternative Fuels | 6 stations | 0.2% | Nov-25 | ||
| Consumption & Expenditures | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Summary | Idaho | U.S. Rank | Period | ||
| Total Consumption | 505 trillion Btu | 41 | 2023 | find more | |
| Total Consumption per Capita | 256 million Btu | 30 | 2023 | find more | |
| Total Expenditures | $ 9,212 million | 39 | 2023 | find more | |
| Total Expenditures per Capita | $ 4,674 | 27 | 2023 | find more | |
| by End-Use Sector | Idaho | Share of U.S. | Period | ||
| Consumption | |||||
| » Residential | 114 trillion Btu | 0.6% | 2023 | find more | |
| » Commercial | 76 trillion Btu | 0.5% | 2023 | find more | |
| » Industrial | 144 trillion Btu | 0.5% | 2023 | find more | |
| » Transportation | 171 trillion Btu | 0.6% | 2023 | find more | |
| Expenditures | |||||
| » Residential | $ 1,644 million | 0.5% | 2023 | find more | |
| » Commercial | $ 940 million | 0.4% | 2023 | find more | |
| » Industrial | $ 1,497 million | 0.6% | 2023 | find more | |
| » Transportation | $ 5,131 million | 0.7% | 2023 | find more | |
| by Source | Idaho | Share of U.S. | Period | ||
| Consumption | |||||
| » Petroleum | 37 million barrels | 0.5% | 2023 | find more | |
| » Natural Gas | 151 billion cu ft | 0.5% | 2023 | find more | |
| » Coal | 49 thousand short tons | * | 2023 | find more | |
| Expenditures | |||||
| » Petroleum | $ 5,978 million | 0.7% | 2023 | find more | |
| » Natural Gas | $ 1,105 million | 0.5% | 2023 | find more | |
| » Coal | $ 5 million | * | 2023 | find more | |
| Consumption for Electricity Generation | Idaho | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Petroleum | 0 thousand barrels | 0.0% | Sep-25 | find more | |
| Natural Gas | 5,062 million cu ft | 0.4% | Sep-25 | find more | |
| Coal | 0 thousand tons | 0.0% | Sep-25 | find more | |
| Energy Source Used for Home Heating (share of households) | Idaho | U.S. Average | Period | ||
| Natural Gas | 51.5 % | 46.0 % | 2023 | ||
| Fuel Oil | 1.1 % | 3.7 % | 2023 | ||
| Electricity | 35.9 % | 41.7 % | 2023 | ||
| Propane | 5.0 % | 5.0 % | 2023 | ||
| Other/None | 6.4 % | 3.5 % | 2023 | ||
| Environment | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Renewable Energy Capacity | Idaho | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Total Renewable Energy Electricity Net Summer Capacity | 4,584 MW | 1.2% | Sep-25 | ||
| Ethanol Plant Nameplate Capacity | 60 million gal/year | 0.3% | 2025 | ||
| Renewable Energy Production | Idaho | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Utility-Scale Hydroelectric Net Electricity Generation | 547 thousand MWh | 3.6% | Sep-25 | ||
| Utility-Scale Solar, Wind, and Geothermal Net Electricity Generation | 317 thousand MWh | 0.6% | Sep-25 | ||
| Utility-Scale Biomass Net Electricity Generation | 41 thousand MWh | 1.1% | Sep-25 | ||
| Small-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Generation | 32 thousand MWh | 0.4% | Sep-25 | ||
| Fuel Ethanol Production | 1,082 thousand barrels | 0.3% | 2023 | ||
| Renewable Energy Consumption | Idaho | U.S. Rank | Period | find more | |
| Renewable Energy Consumption as a Share of State Total | 15.3 % | 10 | 2023 | ||
| Fuel Ethanol Consumption | 1,825 thousand barrels | 39 | 2023 | ||
| Total Emissions | Idaho | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Carbon Dioxide | 21.3 million metric tons | 0.4% | 2023 | ||
| Electric Power Industry Emissions | Idaho | Share of U.S. | Period | find more | |
| Carbon Dioxide | 3,002 thousand metric tons | 0.2% | 2023 | ||
| Sulfur Dioxide | 3 thousand metric tons | 0.4% | 2023 | ||
| Nitrogen Oxide | 4 thousand metric tons | 0.4% | 2023 | ||
Analysis
Last Updated: June 20, 2025
Overview
Idaho has many renewable energy resources, but few fossil fuel reserves.
Idaho, known as the Gem State, is rich in silver, gold, cobalt, and many other minerals, but the state has few fossil fuel reserves.1,2,3,4 Idaho's energy potential lies in its substantial renewable energy resources, including hydropower, wind, solar, biomass, and geothermal.5 Because of the state's northerly latitude and its location in the interior of North America far from large bodies of water, Idaho has large seasonal temperature swings leading to cold winters and warm summers.6 Mountains cover much of Idaho from its narrow panhandle border with Canada in the north to Nevada and Utah in the south. The mountains capture moisture-laden clouds that move east from the Pacific Ocean, and produce deep mountain snowfalls that feed the state's fast-running rivers.7 Idaho's river valleys, which offered passage through the rugged mountains for early pioneer settlers, today give the state a wealth of hydroelectric and wind energy resources.8,9,10 The plains flanking Idaho's Snake River stretch in an arc all the way across the southern part of the state from the Teton Mountains on the Wyoming border to Hells Canyon at the Oregon border.11 The valleys of the Snake River and its tributaries are home to most of Idaho's small population, more than two-fifths of whom live in the Boise area. Vast stretches of Idaho remain wilderness.12,13,14
Idaho consumes about six times more energy than it produces.15 Its total energy consumption is among the 10 lowest states, but its per capita use ranks near the middle of the 50 states. The energy intensity of Idaho's economy—the amount of energy used to produce each dollar of GDP—is among the top two-fifths of the states.16,17 The transportation sector accounts for about 33% of the state's total energy use, followed by the industrial sector at 29%, the residential sector at 24%, and the commercial sector at 15%.18 Real estate, manufacturing, healthcare, and construction are among the largest contributors to Idaho's GDP. Other contributors to the state's economy are the energy-intensive agriculture, food processing, mining, and chemicals sectors.19
Renewable energy
In 2024, Idaho ranked fifth among the states in the share of total electricity generated from renewable energy sources.
In 2024, renewable energy resources generated about 69% of Idaho's total in-state electricity, including from customer-sited, small-scale solar panel generating systems (less than 1 megawatt capacity). The renewable energy share was the fifth-highest for any state, after Vermont, South Dakota, Washington, and Maine. Most of Idaho's renewable electricity comes from hydropower.20,21 Hydropower fuels 4 of Idaho's 10 largest generating facilities by both capacity and actual generation.22
In 2024, hydropower provided 44% of Idaho's total in-state electricity generation.23 Nearly half of Idaho's utility-scale (1 megawatt or larger) electricity generating capacity is at hydroelectric power plants.24 The nation's largest privately-owned conventional hydroelectric generating facility, the Brownlee plant, is on the Idaho-Oregon border. The three-dam complex, owned by Idaho Power, is on the Snake River in Hells Canyon, which is the deepest river gorge in North America.25,26
Although only a small amount of the state's land area is suitable for wind power development, Idaho has substantial wind energy potential in the southern half of the state along the Snake River and on mountain ridges across the state.27 Idaho's wind farms are located on the Snake River Plain.28 In 2024, about 15% of the state's total in-state electricity net generation came from wind facilities, whose total combined generating capacity was about 1,100 megawatts. Idaho's electricity generation from utility-scale wind power farms began in 2005. The state's largest wind farm, with 160 megawatts of capacity, came online in March 2024.29,30
Idaho's first utility-scale solar power generation began in 2016, when three solar power generating facilities came online.31,32 The largest solar farm by capacity, with 200 megawatts of generating capacity, began operating in March 2025. Solar heating and small-scale, customer-sited solar panel generating systems can be found in the state's cities and rural areas. Nearly four-fifths of Idaho's solar PV electricity generation came from utility-scale facilities in 2024, when total solar power accounted for about 7% of the state's net generation.33,34,35
About two-fifths of Idaho is covered by forests.36 Biomass, primarily wood waste from those forests, provided 2% of the state's total electricity generation in 2024. Other waste biomass and landfill gas also generate electricity in the state.37,38 Idaho's 10th-largest power plant, based on annual generation, is fueled with wood.39 The state's biomass resources also provide feedstock for Idaho's three wood pellet manufacturing plants, which have a combined production capacity of nearly 74,000 tons per year.40
In 2024, Idaho was one of seven states with utility-scale electricity generation from geothermal energy.41 Although geothermal energy provides less than 1% of the state's total generation, Idaho's volcanic landscape has some of the best geothermal potential in the nation.42 The state has many hot springs and other geothermal resources that have long been used as direct heat sources for aquaculture, greenhouses, spas, resorts, and city district heating. In 2008, the first commercial geothermal power plant in the U.S. Northwest came online in south-central Idaho. The 10-megawatt capacity facility remains the state's only geothermal power plant.43,44,45
Idaho does not have a renewable portfolio standard (RPS) that requires a specific amount of electricity to be generated from renewable sources of energy by a certain date.46 However, the state offers low-interest loans for energy efficiency and renewable energy projects and tax deductions for small-scale renewable energy-fueled devices used for residential heating or electricity generation.47,48 While Idaho has no statewide net metering policy, each of the state's three investor-owned electric utilities offers net metering programs for small-scale, customer-sited renewable generation. Idaho's commercial, residential, and agricultural customers are all eligible for net metering.49,50,51
Electricity
Hydroelectric power plants typically supplied more than two-thirds of Idaho's total in-state electricity generation until 2013. However, drought and increased generation from other renewables have reduced hydropower's share of the state's total annual generation since 2010. The balance of Idaho's in-state generation is supplied mostly by natural gas and wind power. In 2024, record-high natural gas-fired generation provided 31% of Idaho's in-state electricity and record wind power accounted for 15%. Solar power, biomass-fueled facilities, and geothermal energy collectively provided about 9% of the state's generation.52,53,54
Three large investor-owned electric utilities supply about four-fifths of the state's electricity. About two dozen municipal utilities and rural electric cooperatives provide the rest. They buy almost all of their electricity from the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), which markets power mainly from hydroelectric facilities at federal dams and other facilities in the Pacific Northwest.55,56 About one-third of the electricity consumed in Idaho arrives over interstate transmission lines from out-of-state generating facilities owned by Idaho utilities and from the BPA.57,58,59
Idaho has not generated any utility-scale electricity from coal since early 2022. Although the state has no in-state coal-fired electricity generation, Idaho's utilities bring in electricity from coal-fired power plants located in neighboring states.60,61,62 However, some of this coal-fired generation is set to shut down over the next several years. Idaho's largest electric utility plans to end its purchases of coal-fired electricity by the end of 2030.63,64
The state has no commercial nuclear power plants, but the U.S. Department of Energy's Idaho National Laboratory (INL), a federal nuclear energy research center and one of the state's largest employers, was the site of the nation's first nuclear power plant. It first generated electricity in 1951.65,66,67 Plans to build the first power plant with small modular nuclear reactors on the INL site were canceled in November 2023.68
The Pacific Northwest's transmission lines are increasingly congested, and projects are under way to expand capacity both to supply Idaho with electricity and to transport power among several western states including Wyoming, Idaho, and Oregon. In the near term, most new generating capacity planned in the region will be fueled by solar and wind energy. New transmission projects will also enable development of the region's remote renewable resources.69,70
Idaho has the third-lowest average residential electricity price of any state.
Idaho had the nation's third-lowest average residential electricity price in 2024, after North Dakota and Utah, in part because of the large amount of the state's generation that came from relatively inexpensive hydropower.71,72 In 2024, the largest share of Idaho's electricity sales went to the residential sector—which accounted for 37% of the state's total—followed closely by the industrial sector at almost 36% and the commercial sector at 26%.73 About one-third of Idaho households use electricity as their primary energy source for home heating.74
Petroleum
Idaho does not have significant proved crude oil reserves, and it produces a very small amount of crude oil.75,76 Exploration for crude oil in Idaho began in 1903, but despite promising geology in the state's southeast and southwest, no commercial reserves were discovered or produced until the past decade.77 Since 2015, the small amounts of crude oil that are produced come from wells drilled primarily for natural gas.78,79
Idaho has no petroleum refineries.80 Refined petroleum products come from nearby states. Two major petroleum product pipelines cross the state. One pipeline in southern Idaho runs west through the Snake River Valley from refineries in Utah and another pipeline crosses the northern part of the state from refineries in Montana. Only the southern pipeline system delivers refined products to terminals in Idaho.81
Idaho’s total petroleum consumption is among the lowest 10 states.
In part because of its small population, Idaho's total petroleum consumption is among the lowest 10 states.82,83 The transportation sector uses more than four-fifths of the petroleum consumed in the state, the industrial sector uses about one-tenth, and the residential and commercial sectors consume the rest.84 About 6 in 100 Idaho households use fuel oil, kerosene, or propane for home heating.85 Conventional motor gasoline without ethanol can be sold statewide, but as is the case in most states, almost all the motor gasoline sold in Idaho contains at least 10% ethanol.86,87 The state has one ethanol plant, which produces about 1.6 million barrels a year, slightly less than Idaho's annual fuel ethanol consumption of about 1.8 million barrels.88,89,90
Natural gas
Idaho does not have significant natural gas reserves.91 The state's first commercial natural gas production began in 2015.92 Output so far is modest, reaching a peak in 2016 then declining every year until 2021. In 2023, production was almost 50% less than the 2016 peak.93,94 Idaho consumers receive most of their natural gas supply by interstate pipeline, primarily from Canada and Utah. Nearly 90% of the natural gas that enters Idaho leaves the state, with almost all of it going to Washington.95 One natural gas pipeline system enters Idaho at its northern border with Canada, crosses the state's panhandle, and continues to Washington, Oregon, and California. Another pipeline system runs from the San Juan Basin in southwestern Colorado across Idaho's Snake River Plain on its way to the Pacific Northwest and Canada. That system is bi-directional, so it can supply natural gas to Idaho either from Canada or from Wyoming and Colorado.96,97,98 Idaho has no natural gas underground storage sites.99
Idaho's total natural gas consumption is among the 10 lowest states, and its per capita natural gas consumption ranks among the lowest one-third of the states, despite the prevalence of natural gas use for heating during the state's extremely cold winters.100 In 2024, the electric power sector was the largest natural gas consumer in Idaho, accounting for about 34% of the state's natural gas use. The industrial sector accounted for 25%. The residential sector made up 23% of the state's natural gas use, as just over half of Idaho households use natural gas as their primary energy source for heating. The commercial sector accounted for about 18% of the state's natural gas consumption, and a small of natural gas was used in the transportation sector as vehicle fuel.101,102
Coal
Idaho has a small amount of estimated recoverable coal reserves, but the state does not have any commercial coal production.103,104 Idaho no longer has any operating utility-scale coal-fired power plants, but small amounts of coal are shipped to the state's industrial plants by rail and truck from Colorado and Pennsylvania.105,106
Endnotes
1 Idaho Geological Survey, Idaho the Gem State, accessed May 4, 2025.
2 Holtz, Michael, "Idaho is sitting on One of the Most Important Elements on Earth," The Atlantic (January 24, 2022).
3 U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Annual Coal Report (October 30, 2024), Table 15, Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines, Estimated Recoverable Reserves, and Demonstrated Reserve Base by Mining Method, 2023.
4 U.S. EIA, U.S. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Proved Reserves, Year-end 2022, Table 6, Table 8.
5 Idaho Governor's Office of Energy and Mineral Resources, Renewable Energy, accessed May 4, 2025.
6 North Carolina Institute for Climate Studies, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, State Climate Summaries 2022, Idaho.
7 Qualls, Russell, "Idaho Contrasts from Mountains to Plains," Community Collaborative Rain, Hail and Snow Network, State Climates Series, accessed May 5, 2025.
8 U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, National Historic Trails, Auto Tour Route Interpretive Guide, Along the Snake River Plain Through Idaho, The Tangle of Trails Through Idaho (October 2008), p. 7-10.
9 Idaho Governor's Office of Energy and Mineral Resources, Hydroelectric, accessed May 5, 2025.
10 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, WINDExchange, Wind Energy in Idaho, Maps & Data, accessed May 5, 2025.
11 World Atlas, Idaho, accessed May 5, 2025.
12 U.S. Census Bureau, 2020 Census: Idaho Profile.
13 U.S. Census Bureau, Tables, Table B01003, Total Population, Idaho and Boise City, ID Metro Area, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.
14 The Armchair Explorer - Idaho, National Wilderness Areas in Idaho, accessed May 5, 2025.
15 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table P3, Total Primary Energy Production and Total Energy Consumption Estimates in Trillion Btu, 2022.
16 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C10, Total Energy Consumption Estimates, Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Energy Consumption Estimates per Real Dollar of GDP, Ranked by State, 2022.
17 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C14, Total Energy Consumption Estimates per Capita by End-Use Sector, Ranked by State, 2022.
18 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C11, Total Energy Consumption Estimates by End Use Sector, Ranked by State, 2022.
19 U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Tools, Interactive Data, Regional Data, GDP and Personal Income, Annual Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by State, SAGDP2 GDP by industry in current dollars, Idaho, All Statistics in Table, 2023.
20 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Idaho, net generation for all sectors (thousand megawatthours), Annual, 2001-24.
21 U.S. EIA, Electric Power Monthly (February 2025), Tables 1.3.B, 1.10.B, 1.11.B, 1.17.B.
22 U.S. EIA, Idaho Electricity Profile 2023, Table 2A, Table 2B, available in XLSX format.
23 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Idaho, net generation for all sectors (thousand megawatthours), Annual, 2001-24.
24 U.S. EIA, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of April 2025, Plant State: Idaho, Technology: All, Conventional Hydroelectric.
25 Idaho Power, Hydroelectric, accessed May 9, 2025.
26 U.S. Forest Service, Hells Canyon National Recreation Area, Hells Canyon Overview, accessed May 9, 2025.
27 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, WINDExchange, Wind Energy in Idaho, Maps and Data, accessed May 9, 2025.
28 U.S. EIA, U.S. Energy Atlas, All Energy Infrastructure and Resources, Idaho, Wind Power Plants, accessed May 9, 2025.
29 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Idaho, net generation or all sectors (thousand megawatthours), Annual, 2001-24.
30 U.S. EIA, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of April 2025, Plant State: Idaho, Technology: Onshore Wind Turbine.
31 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Idaho, net generation for all sectors (thousand megawatthours), Annual, 2001-24.
32 U.S. EIA, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of April 2025, Plant State: Idaho, Technology: Solar Photovoltaic.
33 U.S. EIA, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of April 2025, Plant State: Idaho, Technology: Solar Photovoltaic.
34 Idaho Governor's Office of Energy and Mineral Resources, Solar, accessed May 9, 2025.
35 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Idaho, net generation for all sectors (thousand megawatthours), Annual, 2001-24.
36 Idaho Forest Products Commission, Forest Information Topic: Idaho's Forests, accessed May 9, 2025.
37 U.S. EIA, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of April 2025, Plant State: Idaho, Technology: Landfill Gas, Other Waste Biomass, Wood/Wood Waste Biomass.
38 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Idaho, net generation for all sectors (thousand megawatthours), Annual, 2001-24.
39 U.S. EIA, Idaho Electricity Profile 2023, Table 2B, available in XLSX format.
40 U.S. EIA, Monthly Densified Biomass Fuel Report (May 8, 2025), Table 1, Densified biomass fuel manufacturing facilities in the United States by state, region, and capacity, January 2025.
41 U.S. EIA, Electric Power Monthly (February 2025), Table 1.16.B.
42 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Idaho, net generation for all sectors (thousand megawatthours), Annual, 2001-24.
43 Idaho Governor's Office of Energy and Mineral Resources, Geothermal, accessed May 9, 2025.
44 Idaho Governor's Office of Energy and Mineral Resources, Idaho Energy Landscape 2021, p. 41-42.
45 U.S. EIA, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of April 2025, Plant State: Idaho, Technology: Geothermal.
46 NC Clean Energy Technology Center, DSIRE, Renewable & Clean Energy Standards, December 2023.
47 NC Clean Energy Technology Center, DSIRE, Idaho, Low-Interest Energy Loan Programs, updated August 28, 2023.
48 NC Clean Energy Technology Center, DSIRE, Idaho, Residential Alternative Energy Tax Deduction, updated April 1, 2025.
49 NC Clean Energy Technology Center, DSIRE, Idaho Power, Net Metering, updated March 4, 2025.
50 NC Clean Energy Technology Center, DSIRE, Rocky Mountain Power, Net Metering, updated February 25, 2025.
51 NC Clean Energy Technology Center, DSIRE, Avista Utilities, Net Metering, updated February 24, 2025.
52 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Idaho, net generation for all sectors (thousand megawatthours), Annual, 2001-24.
53 U.S. EIA, "Western U.S. hydropower generation fell to a 22-year low last year," Today in Energy (March 26, 2024).
54 U.S. EIA, "Drought conditions reduce hydropower generation, particularly in the Pacific Northwest," Today in Energy (November 7, 2024).
55 Idaho Governor's Office of Energy and Mineral Resources, Idaho Energy Landscape 2021, p. 10-15, 63.
56 Bonneville Power Administration, About & Careers, accessed May 14, 2025.
57 U.S. EIA, Idaho Electricity Profile 2023, Table 10, available in XLSX format.
58 Idaho Power, How We Get Electricity to You, accessed May 14, 2025.
59 Idaho Governor's Office of Energy and Mineral Resources, Idaho Energy Landscape 2021, p. 27-28.
60 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Idaho, net generation for all sectors (thousand megawatthours), Quarterly, 2001-24.
61 Idaho Coal, Our Pathway Away from Coal, accessed May 14, 2025.
62 Idaho Governor's Office of Energy and Mineral Resources, Coal, accessed May 14, 2025.
63 Idaho Power, Our Path Away from Coal, accessed May 14, 2025.
64 U.S. EIA, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of April 2025, Plant State: Montana, Utah, Washington: Technology: Conventional Steam Coal, planned retirement year.
65 U.S. EIA, Nuclear Reactor, State, and Net Capacity, accessed May 14, 2025.
66 Idaho National Laboratory, Experimental Breeder Reactor-1 , accessed May 14, 2025.
67 Idaho National Laboratory, Economic Impact Summary, FY 2022 Idaho National Laboratory.
68 Bright, Zach, "NuScale cancels first-of-a-kind nuclear project as costs surge," E&E News (November 11, 2023).
69 Idaho Governor's Office of Energy Resources, Energy Infrastructure, Transmission Line Projects, accessed May 14, 2025.
70 U.S. EIA, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Planned Generators as of April 2025, Plant State: Idaho, Oregon, Washington, Technology: All.
71 U.S. EIA, Electric Power Monthly (February 2025), Table 5.6.B.
72 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Idaho, net generation for all sectors (thousand megawatthours), Annual, 2001-24.
73 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Idaho, Retail Sales of Electricity (million kilowatthours), 2001-24.
74 U.S. Census Bureau, Tables, Table B25040, House Heating Fuel, Idaho, 2023 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates Detailed Tables.
75 U.S. EIA, U.S. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Proved Reserves, Year-end 2022, Table 6.
76 U.S. EIA, Crude Oil Production, Annual, 2019-24.
77 Barton, Mark, "Idaho Geological Survey Oil & Gas Program," Idaho Geological Survey (November 2019), slide 4.
78 Barker, Rocky, "Idaho Has Become an Oil-Producing State," Idaho Statesman (June 28, 2016).
79 U.S. EIA, Idaho Field Production of Crude Oil, Annual, 2007-2024.
80 U.S. EIA, Refinery Capacity Report (June 24, 2024), Table 1, Number and Capacity of Operable Petroleum Refineries by PAD District and State as of January 1, 2024.
81 U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, State of Idaho Energy Sector Risk Profile, Petroleum, p. 4, accessed May 15, 2025.
82 Britannica, List of U.S. States by Population, accessed May 15, 2025.
83 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C15, Petroleum Consumption Estimates, Total and per Capita, Ranked by State, 2022.
84 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F16, Total Petroleum Consumption Estimates, 2023.
85 U.S. Census Bureau, House Heating Fuel, Table B25040, 2023 ACS 1-Year Estimates Detailed Tables, Idaho.
86 Southern States Energy Board, Gardner, K. W., U.S. Gasoline Requirements, (January 2018).
87 U.S. EIA, "Almost all U.S. gasoline is blended with 10% ethanol," Today in Energy (May 4, 2016).
88 U.S. EIA, U.S. Fuel Ethanol Plant Production Capacity (August 15, 2024), Detailed annual production capacity by plant is available in XLS file.
89 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table P1, Primary Energy Production Estimates in Physical Units, 2022.
90 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F31, Fuel Ethanol Consumption Estimates, 2023.
91 U.S. EIA, U.S. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Proved Reserves, Year-end 2022, Table 8.
92 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Production, Idaho Gross Withdrawals of Natural Gas, Annual 2015-23.
93 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Production, Idaho, Annual-Million Cubic Feet, 2018-23.
94 U.S. EIA, "U.S. natural gas production decreased by 1% in 2020," Today in Energy (March 2, 2021).
95 U.S. EIA, International and Interstate Movements of Natural Gas by State, Idaho, 2018-23.
96 Idaho Public Utilities Commission, Major Natural Gas Pipelines and Local Gas Distribution Companies, accessed May 15, 2025.
97 Idaho Governor's Office of Energy and Mineral Resources, Idaho Energy Landscape 2021, p. 16-18.
98 The Williams Companies, Inc., Operations, Transmission & Gulf of Mexico, Overview, Northwest Pipeline, accessed May 15, 2025.
99 U.S. EIA, Underground Natural Gas Storage Capacity, Total Storage Capacity, Annual, 2018-23.
100 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C16, Natural Gas Consumption Estimates, Total and per Capita, Ranked by State, 2022.
101 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Consumption by End Use, Idaho, Annual, 2019-24.
102 U.S. Census Bureau, Tables, Table B25040, House Heating Fuel, Idaho, 2023 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.
103 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report (October 30, 2024), Table 15, Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines, Estimated Recoverable Reserves, and Demonstrated Reserve Base by Mining Method, 2023.
104 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report (October 30, 2024), Table 1, Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Mine Type, 2023 and 2022.
105 U.S. EIA, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of April 2025, Plant State: Idaho, Technology: Conventional Steam Coal.
106 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Distribution Report (October 30, 2024), Domestic distribution of U.S. coal by destination State, consumer, destination and method of transportation, Idaho, Table DS-10, Domestic Coal Distribution, by Destination State, 2023.
Other Resources
Energy-Related Regions and Organizations
- Petroleum Administration for Defense District (PADD): 4
- North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) ERO Enterprise: Regional Entities: Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC)
Other Websites
- Idaho Governor's Office of Energy and Mineral Resources
- Idaho Public Utilities Commission
- Idaho Department of Lands, Oil & Gas Conservation Commission
- Idaho Department of Lands, Oil & Gas Leasing
- EIA Idaho Flickr Album
- Idaho Department of Heath & Welfare, Heating Assistance (Seasonal & Crisis)
- Idaho Department of Heath & Welfare, Weatherize Home
- Idaho Geological Survey, Geothermal Resources
- Idaho National Laboratory
- Idaho Department of Commerce, Idaho's Energy Industry
- Idaho Leadership in Nuclear Energy Commission
- Idaho Governor's Office of Energy and Mineral Resources, State Energy Loan Program
- Northwest Power and Conservation Council, Power Supply
- Alternative Fuels Data Center, Federal and State Laws and Incentives
- USA.Gov, Get help with energy bills
- NC Clean Energy Technology Center, Database of State Incentives for Renewables & Efficiency (DSIRE)
- National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners (NARUC)
- National Association of State Energy Officials (NASEO)
- National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL), Energy
- National Laboratory of the Rockies (NLR), Geospatial Data Science, Data and Tools
- U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Publications
- Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission (IOGCC)
- Western Interstate Energy Board (WIEB)
- Western Governors Association
- Bonneville Power Administration (BPA)
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Office of Community Services, An Office of the Administration for Children & Families, Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP)
- U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Maps
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Energy Flow Charts
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), SLOPE: State and Local Planning for Energy
- EIA Natural Gas Storage Dashboard
- EIA Energy Disruptions Maps
- U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Rural Development, Energy Programs
- Idaho Department of Environmental Quality, Regulated Underground Storage Tanks
