Data

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Energy Indicators
Demography	Arizona	Share of U.S.		Period
Population	7.4 million	2.2%		2022
Civilian Labor Force	3.7 million	2.2%		Jul-23
Economy	Arizona	U.S. Rank		Period
Gross Domestic Product	$ 458.9 billion	18		2022
Gross Domestic Product for the Manufacturing Sector	$ 40,115 million	25		2022
Per Capita Personal Income	$ 56,667	40		2022
Vehicle Miles Traveled	73,760 million miles	15		2021
Land in Farms	26.1 million acres	14		2022
Climate	Arizona	U.S. Rank		Period
Average Temperature	61.2 degrees Fahrenheit	8		2022
Precipitation	12.1 inches	47		2022

Prices
Petroleum	Arizona	U.S. Average		Period	find more
Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase	--	$ 68.58 /barrel		Jun-23
Natural Gas	Arizona	U.S. Average		Period	find more
City Gate	$ 2.78 /thousand cu ft	$ 4.68 /thousand cu ft		Jun-23	find more
Residential	$ 25.57 /thousand cu ft	$ 20.16 /thousand cu ft		Jun-23	find more
Coal	Arizona	U.S. Average		Period	find more
Average Sales Price	--	$ 36.50 /short ton		2021
Delivered to Electric Power Sector	$ 3.13 /million Btu	$ 2.47 /million Btu		Jun-23
Electricity	Arizona	U.S. Average		Period	find more
Residential	14.28 cents/kWh	16.11 cents/kWh		Jun-23	find more
Commercial	12.23 cents/kWh	12.81 cents/kWh		Jun-23	find more
Industrial	7.67 cents/kWh	8.21 cents/kWh		Jun-23	find more

Reserves
Reserves	Arizona	Share of U.S.		Period	find more
Crude Oil (as of Dec. 31)	--	--		2021	find more
Expected Future Production of Dry Natural Gas (as of Dec. 31)	--	--		2021	find more
Expected Future Production of Natural Gas Plant Liquids	--	--		2021	find more
Recoverable Coal at Producing Mines	--	--		2021	find more
Rotary Rigs & Wells	Arizona	Share of U.S.		Period	find more
Natural Gas Producing Wells	NA	NA		2020	find more
Capacity	Arizona	Share of U.S.		Period
Crude Oil Refinery Capacity (as of Jan. 1)	0 barrels/calendar day	0.0%		2022
Electric Power Industry Net Summer Capacity	28,639 MW	2.4%		Jun-23

Supply & Distribution
Production	Arizona	Share of U.S.		Period	find more
Total Energy	500 trillion Btu	0.5%		2021	find more
Crude Oil	0 thousand barrels per day	0.0%		Jun-23	find more
Natural Gas - Marketed	229 million cu ft	*		2021	find more
Coal	--	--		2021	find more
Total Utility-Scale Net Electricity Generation	Arizona	Share of U.S.		Period	find more
Total Net Electricity Generation	9,550 thousand MWh	2.7%		Jun-23
Utility-Scale Net Electricity Generation (share of total)	Arizona	U.S. Average		Period
Petroleum-Fired	*	0.3 %		Jun-23	find more
Natural Gas-Fired	45.4 %	45.3 %		Jun-23	find more
Coal-Fired	8.1 %	16.2 %		Jun-23	find more
Nuclear	28.6 %	18.2 %		Jun-23	find more
Renewables	17.6 %	19.6 %		Jun-23
Stocks	Arizona	Share of U.S.		Period	find more
Motor Gasoline (Excludes Pipelines)	99 thousand barrels	0.8%		Jun-23
Distillate Fuel Oil (Excludes Pipelines)	508 thousand barrels	0.6%		Jun-23	find more
Natural Gas in Underground Storage	--	--		Jun-23	find more
Petroleum Stocks at Electric Power Producers	119 thousand barrels	0.5%		Jun-23	find more
Coal Stocks at Electric Power Producers	3,857 thousand tons	3.0%		Jun-23	find more
Fueling Stations	Arizona	Share of U.S.		Period
Motor Gasoline	1,600 stations	1.4%		2021
Propane	69 stations	2.8%		Aug-23
Electric Vehicle Charging Locations	1,044 stations	1.9%		Aug-23
E85	16 stations	0.4%		Aug-23
Compressed Natural Gas and Other Alternative Fuels	11 stations	0.4%		Aug-23

Consumption & Expenditures
Summary	Arizona	U.S. Rank		Period
Total Consumption	1,565 trillion Btu	25		2021	find more
Total Consumption per Capita	215 million Btu	42		2021	find more
Total Expenditures	$ 25,549 million	17		2021	find more
Total Expenditures per Capita	$ 3,517	42		2021	find more
by End-Use Sector	Arizona	Share of U.S.		Period
Consumption
»  Residential	426 trillion Btu	2.0%		2021	find more
»  Commercial	346 trillion Btu	2.0%		2021	find more
»  Industrial	225 trillion Btu	0.7%		2021	find more
»  Transportation	568 trillion Btu	2.1%		2021	find more
Expenditures
»  Residential	$ 5,452 million	1.9%		2021	find more
»  Commercial	$ 3,835 million	1.9%		2021	find more
»  Industrial	$ 2,353 million	1.0%		2021	find more
»  Transportation	$ 13,909 million	2.3%		2021	find more
by Source	Arizona	Share of U.S.		Period
Consumption
»  Petroleum	120 million barrels	1.6%		2021	find more
»  Natural Gas	469 billion cu ft	1.5%		2021	find more
»  Coal	9 million short tons	1.6%		2021	find more
Expenditures
»  Petroleum	$ 15,748 million	2.1%		2021	find more
»  Natural Gas	$ 2,819 million	1.5%		2021	find more
»  Coal	$ 375 million	1.6%		2021	find more
Consumption for Electricity Generation	Arizona	Share of U.S.		Period	find more
Petroleum	8 thousand barrels	0.5%		Jun-23	find more
Natural Gas	34,145 million cu ft	3.9%		Apr-23	find more
Coal	476 thousand short tons	1.4%		Jun-23	find more
Energy Source Used for Home Heating (share of households)	Arizona	U.S. Average		Period
Natural Gas	33.2 %	46.5 %		2021
Fuel Oil	0.1 %	4.1 %		2021
Electricity	59.9 %	41.0 %		2021
Propane	2.8 %	5.0 %		2021
Other/None	4.0 %	3.5 %		2021

Environment
Renewable Energy Capacity	Arizona	Share of U.S.		Period	find more
Total Renewable Energy Electricity Net Summer Capacity	6,603 MW	2.1%		Jun-23
Ethanol Plant Nameplate Capacity	0 million gal/year	0.0%		2023
Renewable Energy Production	Arizona	Share of U.S.		Period	find more
Utility-Scale Hydroelectric Net Electricity Generation	689 thousand MWh	3.5%		Jun-23
Utility-Scale Solar, Wind, and Geothermal Net Electricity Generation	875 thousand MWh	1.9%		Jun-23
Utility-Scale Biomass Net Electricity Generation	NM	NM		Jun-23
Small-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Generation	443 thousand MWh	5.9%		Jun-23
Fuel Ethanol Production	0 thousand barrels	0.0%		2021
Renewable Energy Consumption	Arizona	U.S. Rank		Period	find more
Renewable Energy Consumption as a Share of State Total	12.6 %	23		2021
Fuel Ethanol Consumption	7,450 thousand barrels	14		2021
Total Emissions	Arizona	Share of U.S.		Period	find more
Carbon Dioxide	83.0 million metric tons	1.7%		2021
Electric Power Industry Emissions	Arizona	Share of U.S.		Period	find more
Carbon Dioxide	34,275 thousand metric tons	2.1%		2021
Sulfur Dioxide	7 thousand metric tons	0.6%		2021
Nitrogen Oxide	23 thousand metric tons	1.9%		2021

Analysis

Last Updated: May 18, 2023

Overview

Arizona is known for its stunning landscapes and natural wonders from the Grand Canyon in the north to the Saguaro deserts in the south.¹ The state has few fossil fuel reserves, but it does have abundant renewable energy resources.^2,3,4,5 Although higher elevations receive greater amounts of precipitation, including significant snowfalls, most of Arizona is semiarid or arid, and plentiful sunshine gives the entire state some of the nation's greatest solar energy resources.^6,7,8 Elevations in Arizona vary from peaks more than 12,000 feet high in the north to nearly sea level in the deserts in the southwest. Some of the highest elevations and greatest wind potential in the state are on the Colorado Plateau just north of the 200-mile-long Mogollon Rim, which cuts diagonally across central Arizona from northwest to southeast and marks the southern edge of the Plateau.^9,10 Even though it is arid, the state has biomass resources. More than one-fourth of Arizona is forested. Arizona also has major hydroelectric facilities, including Hoover Dam and Glen Canyon Dam, the two highest concrete-arch dams in the United States.^11,12,13

Arizona's minerals drew Spanish explorers seeking gold, silver, and copper as early as the late 1500s.¹⁴ Arizona still produces more copper than any other state, accounting for about 70% of the nation's output in 2022.¹⁵ During the 20th century, mines in the state also began producing uranium.¹⁶ Arizona is the site of major uranium reserves, including the highest-grade uranium in the nation. Currently there are no operating uranium mines in the state, but one mine is gearing up for production.^17,18 Mining has long been a significant contributor to the state's wealth. However, the economy has diversified. Real estate; government; professional and business services; finance and insurance; and health care services are currently among the largest contributors to Arizona's gross domestic product (GDP).¹⁹ Other key industries in the state include computer and electronic products manufacturing; aerospace and defense; and biosciences.²⁰

Overall, Arizona's total per capita energy consumption is less than in almost four-fifths of the states.²¹ In 2020, the transportation sector accounted for 34% of Arizona's total energy consumption, the residential sector used 29%, the commercial sector accounted for 22%, and the state's industrial sector consumed 15%.²² The majority of Arizona's residents live in a few large urban areas, leaving most of the state lightly populated.²³ Mild summers in the north and mild winters in the south make Arizona a popular vacation and retirement destination, and the state's year-round population grew faster than in all but four other states in 2022.²⁴ The pleasant weather also draws many seasonal residents, and almost 1 in 19 Arizona homes were occupied only part of the year in 2021.^25,26,27

Electricity

Natural gas is the primary fuel used for electricity generation in Arizona. Natural gas-fired power plants provided 42% of Arizona's total in-state electricity net generation in 2022.²⁸ Although 5 of the state's 10 largest power plants by capacity and 6 of the 10 largest by generation are natural gas fired, the Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station is Arizona's largest power plant by both capacity and generation, and it is the nation's largest nuclear power plant.²⁹ Palo Verde generates more electricity annually than any other U.S. power plant and is second only to the Grand Coulee Dam in total electricity generating capacity.³⁰ In 2022, Palo Verde's three operating reactors supplied 29% of the state's net generation, and it accounted for 4% of the nation's nuclear generation. Until 2016, coal fueled about as much or more of the state's electricity generation as nuclear power.³¹ Some coal-fired power plants have switched to natural gas and the Navajo Generating Station, which was the largest coal-fired facility in the state and Arizona's second-largest power plant, permanently closed in late 2019.^32,33,34 In 2022, coal fueled 12% of the state's total net generation, down from 38% in 2013. Renewable resources, mostly solar and hydroelectric power, supplied almost all the rest of Arizona's in-state electricity generation in 2022.³⁵

Some of Arizona's in-state generating capacity was developed to power the crucial pumping systems that bring water for drinking and irrigation from the Colorado River in the north to the drier central and southern parts of Arizona, where most of the state's population lives.^36,37 However, Arizona power plants typically generate more electricity than the state consumes, and in 2021 about one-fifth of the electricity generated in-state was sent to consumers outside of Arizona.³⁸ Because interstate transmission lines have become congested during peak demand periods, Arizona continues to work with other states and stakeholders to improve transmission capacity. Projects in development include one that will transmit electricity from carbon-free sources (renewable and nuclear energy) in Arizona and New Mexico to consumers across the southwest.³⁹ Another project will bring wind power from Wyoming to population centers in the southwestern states, including Arizona, and will send solar power from the southwest to the Rocky Mountain states.⁴⁰ A third transmission project in development will connect areas of southeastern California to southwestern Arizona, facilitating renewable energy development along the route.⁴¹ Arizona also has almost 160 megawatts of battery energy storage systems at 9 sites.⁴² Battery storage projects are a cost-effective option for adding power in remote rural communities.⁴³ Battery storage uses lithium-ion technology, and an open-pit lithium mining project is in development in northern Arizona.⁴⁴

Arizona consumes more electricity than two-thirds of the states, but its total per capita electricity use is less than in three-fifths of the states.⁴⁵ Arizona's residential sector, where about 3 in 5 households rely on electricity for home heating and more than 9 in 10 homes use air conditioning, consumes more electricity than the residential sectors in three-fourths of the states and more per capita than seven-tenths of the states.^46,47 In 2022, 46% of Arizona's electricity sales went to the residential sector. The commercial sector used 37%, and the industrial sector accounted for 17%. Arizona's transportation sector used a small amount of electricity.⁴⁸ In the first quarter of 2023, the state had almost 1,000 public charging stations for all-electric vehicles, and about 110 of those fueling facilities are public access direct current fast-charging stations.⁴⁹

Renewable energy

In 2022, electricity generated from renewable energy at both utility-scale (1 megawatt or larger) and small-scale (less than 1 megawatt) facilities provided about 17% of Arizona's total net generation. Almost three-fifths of that total came from solar photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal energy. Hydroelectric power and wind energy supplied almost all the rest. Conventional hydroelectric power long dominated Arizona's renewable generation, but the contribution from utility- and small-scale solar-powered installations surpassed hydroelectric generation for the first time in 2017. By 2022, solar energy accounted for about 10% of the state's total electricity net generation from all sources.⁵⁰

Overall, Arizona ranks second in the nation in solar energy potential after Nevada, and ranks among the top five states in the nation in total solar-powered generating capacity from both utility- and small-scale installations, with more than 5,483 megawatts.⁵¹ In 2022, it was fifth in the nation in solar-powered net generation, after California, Texas, Florida, and North Carolina.^52,53 About three-fifths of the state's solar generation was from large-scale solar PV facilities and one-third was from small-scale solar PV installations, such as rooftop solar panels. The rest was from utility-scale solar thermal installations. Arizona is one of the five states with electricity generation from utility-scale solar thermal technologies, which concentrate sunlight to heat the fluids used to spin the turbines that generate electricity.^54,55 The Solana Generating Station in Maricopa County is Arizona's only solar thermal power plant. It has a capacity of almost 300 megawatts. The state's largest solar PV facility, Agua Caliente solar farm in Yuma County, has a capacity of almost 350 megawatts.⁵⁶

Hydroelectric power typically accounts for less than one-tenth of Arizona's total in-state net generation. In 2022, it supplied about 5%, in part because of the state's prolonged (almost 30-year) drought.^57,58 Glen Canyon Dam and Hoover Dam, located on the Colorado River in northern Arizona, are among the 10 largest power plants by capacity in the state and Glen Canyon Dam is among the 10 largest by generation.^59,60 They provide most of Arizona's in-state hydroelectric generation.⁶¹ Arizona is also one of 18 states with pumped storage hydroelectric generation.⁶² Pumped storage is a process whereby inexpensive power purchased during periods of low demand is used to pump water from a lower reservoir to an upper reservoir. During periods of high demand, water is released from the upper reservoir and flows to the lower reservoir through turbines located between the reservoirs, generating electricity as it flows. A pumped storage facility uses more power than it generates, but it supplies lower cost power in periods of peak demand when electricity prices are highest.⁶³ The state's three pumped storage plants have a combined capacity of almost 220 megawatts.^64,65

In 2022, Arizona's six utility-scale wind farms provided less than 2% of the state's total electricity generation.⁶⁶ Arizona's first utility-scale wind farm is in a high wind area just north of the Mogollon Rim in central Arizona.⁶⁷ It came online in 2009 with 63 megawatts of electricity generating capacity. The largest wind farm in Arizona came online in 2020 and has 350 megawatts of generating capacity.⁶⁸

Biomass fueled less than 0.5% of Arizona's power in 2022, almost all of it from the state's largest biomass-fueled power plant.⁶⁹ That plant uses wood and wood-derived fuels.⁷⁰ Arizona biomass resources also provide feedstock for the state's one wood pellet manufacturing plant, which has an annual production capacity of about 80,000 tons. Wood pellets are used for power generation and space heating. About 1 in 60 Arizona households heat with wood.^71,72

Arizona has some deep, high-temperature geothermal resources, particularly in the southeastern part of the state, but Arizona does not have any utility-scale geothermal power generation.^73,74 However, the state's geothermal resources are used in several direct-use applications, including in an active aquaculture industry that uses geothermal resources to raise shrimp and fish. Arizona also has many hot springs that attract visitors to several resorts and spas in the state.⁷⁵

Arizona adopted a renewable energy standard (RES) in 2006 that requires that regulated electric utilities source 15% of the electricity they sell from renewable resources by 2025.⁷⁶ A portion of each year's required renewable energy target must come from non-utility, customer-sited generation. In 2025, 4.5% of sales must come from customer-sited generation.⁷⁷ Arizona's largest utility announced plans to supply 100% carbon-free energy to its customers by 2050, with an intermediate target of 45% by 2030. Nuclear power and renewable resources are included in the utility's carbon-free goal.⁷⁸ Another large Arizona utility plans to get more than 70% of its power from wind and solar resources by 2035.⁷⁹

Petroleum

Arizona has no significant proved crude oil reserves, and the state's few oil wells produced only about 6,000 barrels of crude oil in 2022.^80,81 The largest oil field in the state is on the Navajo reservation in the northeastern corner of Arizona.⁸² Helium, an important industrial gas, is produced from formations below the crude oil zones in that field.⁸³ Some areas in the state may have additional crude oil potential, but exploratory drilling has not yielded large finds, and much of Arizona remains unexplored.⁸⁴

Arizona does not have any crude oil refineries.⁸⁵ The state receives motor gasoline and other petroleum products by pipeline from southern California and from Texas.⁸⁶ In 2020, the transportation sector accounted for about 86% of the petroleum consumed in Arizona.⁸⁷ To meet federal air quality standards, the Tucson area requires oxygenated motor gasoline in the winter. More stringent state regulations require the use of an oxygenated blend of motor gasoline called Arizona Clean Burning Gasoline (CBG) in Maricopa County, including the city of Phoenix, where motor vehicles are the single largest source of air pollution.^88,89 The state does not produce any fuel ethanol, an oxygenate blended into motor gasoline, and Arizona receives the fuel ethanol supplies it needs from midwestern states.^90,91,92 In 2020, the industrial sector accounted for most of the rest of the state's petroleum consumption, about 10%. The commercial sector used about 3%, and the residential sector, where 3 in 100 households use petroleum products, mostly propane, for space heating, consumed less than 1%.^93,94

Natural gas

Arizona has no significant natural gas reserves.⁹⁵ With few producing wells and little new drilling activity, Arizona's annual natural gas gross withdrawals declined from a peak of more than 2.1 billion cubic feet in 1990 to about 229 million cubic feet in 2021.⁹⁶ Almost all the natural gas consumed in Arizona comes from other states via interstate pipelines that enter Arizona at the New Mexico border. About three-fifths of the natural gas that enters the state continues on to California, and about 7% goes to Mexico. Arizona uses about one-third of the natural gas that it receives.⁹⁷ There is no natural gas underground storage capacity in the state.⁹⁸ However, an above-ground liquefied natural gas (LNG) storage facility near Tucson came online in late 2019.⁹⁹

The electric power sector uses the largest share of the natural gas consumed in Arizona. In 2022, it accounted for 78% of the natural gas deliveries to state consumers. Although one in three Arizona households use natural gas as their primary home heating fuel, the residential sector accounted for slightly less than 10% of the state's natural gas consumption. The commercial sector used about 8%, and the industrial sector accounted for 4%. The transportation sector used a small amount as vehicle fuel.^100,101 Overall, Arizona's per capita natural gas consumption was less than in all but 11 other states in 2020.^102,103

Coal

Arizona has no current coal production. However, areas in the northeastern part of the state on the Navajo and Hopi reservations and in east-central Arizona have some coal.¹⁰⁴ The state's last coal mine, the Kayenta mine, ceased operations in 2019 because its only customer, the coal-fired Navajo Generating Station, closed.¹⁰⁵ Before its closure, that mine was one of the 30 largest coal mines in the nation, and in 2018, it accounted for almost 1% of the nation's coal production.¹⁰⁶ In 2021, the coal that supplied Arizona's remaining four coal-fired power plants came into the state by rail from New Mexico, Wyoming, and Montana. The state's industrial plants received a small amount of coal (about 4% of the state's total deliveries) from Colorado.^107,108 In 2022, Arizona consumed less than 8.4 million tons of coal, less than half the amount of coal the state used 4 years earlier.¹⁰⁹

Energy on tribal lands

Arizona is home to 22 federally recognized Native American tribes, and 3 of the nation's 10 largest reservations as measured by land area, including most of the Navajo Nation's, the largest reservation in the United States.^110,111,112 Only California and Oklahoma have more Native American residents than Arizona.¹¹³ As tribes and individuals, Native Americans hold more than one-fourth of Arizona's land—the largest share in any state and second only to Alaska in total acreage—and almost all of Arizona's energy mineral resources are on tribal lands.^114,115

All of Arizona's commercial coal production was on the Navajo and Hopi reservations. Until its closure in 2019, the state's largest coal-fired power plant was also on tribal land.¹¹⁶ Several natural gas pipelines, electricity transmission lines, hydroelectric dams, and uranium resources are located on Arizona's reservations.¹¹⁷ From 1944 to 1986, more than 500 uranium mines on Navajo Nation land, mostly in Arizona, produced almost 30 million tons of ore. Those mines are now abandoned.¹¹⁸ The largest producing oil field in Arizona—Dineh-bi-Keyah, known as The People's Field—is on the Navajo Nation reservation. The field has produced about 19 million barrels of crude oil since its discovery in 1967 and accounts for almost all of Arizona's crude oil production.^119,120 Dineh-bi-Keyah field and other areas on the reservation contain reserves of helium gas, which is widely used in scientific, medical, and industrial equipment.^121,122

Many Arizona tribes have significant solar, geothermal, wind, and biomass resources suitable for on-site generation of electricity.¹²³ Three of the nation's top five tribes with the greatest electricity generation potential from solar resources—both solar thermal and utility-scale solar PV—are in Arizona, as are two of the five tribes with the greatest potential for geothermal-sourced generation. The Navajo reservation, in large part because of its size, has the largest solar and geothermal energy potential among all U.S. reservations.¹²⁴ In 2017, the first large-scale solar PV facility on Navajo land came online with 27 megawatts of capacity.¹²⁵ In 2019, the facility added another 28 megawatts of capacity.¹²⁶ In 2021, the Navajo Nation signed leases for development of two new large solar projects on its tribal lands, the largest of which will have an expected generating capacity of about 200 megawatts.¹²⁷

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has funded several Arizona tribal energy projects during the past decade.¹²⁸ The most recent is a solar-based microgrid project award, granted in 2022, that will bring clean power and reliable internet to a community of about 6,000. The $2.6 million project design includes 110 kilowatts of solar generating capacity with an estimated 400 kilowatt-hours of battery storage and about 170 kilowatts of fossil-fuel backup generating capacity.¹²⁹ In 2019, DOE awarded a grant to the Fort Mojave Indian Tribe for the development of a new solar PV array. The Fort Mohave Tribe, whose reservation sits astride the Colorado River and is in Arizona, Nevada, and California, is using the DOE grant to build a 2.3-megawatt solar array in Arizona.¹³⁰ Many reservations in Arizona use small-scale solar PV for electricity generation.¹³¹ The San Xavier District of the Tohono O'odham Nation received a DOE grant to develop 255-kilowatts of grid-tied solar PV systems for two tribal buildings.¹³² DOE-funded projects on tribal lands also include energy resiliency projects. The Hualapai Tribe is using a DOE grant to add resiliency to its Grand Canyon West (GCW) diesel-fueled micro-grid by adding a 993-kilowatt solar PV array with a 750-kilowatt battery storage system.¹³³

Endnotes

¹ U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Arizona, accessed April 3, 2023.
² U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Arizona Profile Data, Reserves, accessed April 3, 2023.
³ U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report 2021 (October 2022), Table 15, Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines, Estimated Recoverable Reserves, and Demonstrated Reserve Base by Mining Method, 2021.
⁴ National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Geospatial Data Science, Solar Resource Maps and Data, accessed April 3, 2023.
⁵ Roberts, Billy, Geothermal Resource of the United States, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (February 22, 2018).
⁶ Selover, Nancy, "Arizona-A State of Mild Temperatures as well as Extremes," Arizona's Climate, The CoCoRaHS ‘State Climates' Series, accessed April 3, 2023.
⁷ Arizona State Climate Office, Climate of Arizona, accessed April 3, 2023.
⁸ Nebraska Department of Environment and Energy, Comparison of Solar Power Potential by State, accessed April 3, 2023.
⁹ U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, WINDExchange, Wind Energy in Arizona, accessed April 3, 2023.
¹⁰ Freeworldmaps.net, Physical Map of Arizona, accessed April 3, 2023.
¹¹ Arizona Department of Forestry and Fire Management, Urban and Community Forestry, accessed April 3, 2023.
¹² NETSTATE, Arizona, The Geography of Arizona, The Land, updated December 21, 2017.
¹³ U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Interior Region 7, Upper Colorado Basin, Glen Canyon Unit, accessed April 3, 2023.
¹⁴ Arizona State Museum, Culture History of Southern Arizona: Europeans Arrive, accessed April 3, 2023.
¹⁵ U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2023 (January 31, 2023), p. 62.
¹⁶ "Arizona Strip Region Has Yielded Uranium Ore for Decades," Arizona Daily Star (June 28, 2015).
¹⁷ Uranium Producers of America, Uranium in America, Uranium in Arizona, accessed April 4, 2023.
¹⁸ Golightly, Seam, "Controversial Grand Canyon uranium mine preparing for production as early as 2023," Arizona Daily Sun (December 8, 2022).
¹⁹ U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Tools, Interactive Data, Regional Data, GDP and Personal Income, Annual Gross Domestic Product by State, GDP in current dollars, NAICS, Arizona, All statistics in table, 2021 and 2022.
²⁰ Arizona Commerce Authority, Arizona Industries, accessed April 4, 2023.
²¹ U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C14, Energy Consumption Estimates per Capita by End-Use Sector, Ranked by State, 2020.
²² U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C1, Energy Consumption Overview: Estimates by Energy Source and End-Use Sector, 2020.
²³ U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census: Arizona Profile, Population Density by Census Tract.
²⁴ U.S. Census Bureau, State Population Totals and Components of Change: 2020-2022, Tables, Annual and Cumulative Estimates of Resident Population Change for the United States, Regions, States, District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico and Region and State Rankings: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2022.
²⁵ Western Regional Climate Center, Climate of Arizona, Climate and Economy, accessed April 4, 2023.
²⁶ "Arizona has 8 of the 100 best cities in U.S. for snowbirds," AZ Big Media (November 7, 2021).
²⁷ U.S. Census Bureau, Arizona, Table B25002, Occupancy Status, 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, and Table B25004, Vacancy Status, 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.
²⁸ U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, Arizona, Fuel Type (Check all) , Annual, 2001-22.
²⁹ U.S. EIA, Arizona Electricity Profile 2021, Tables 2A, 2B.
³⁰ U.S. EIA, Energy Explained, Secondary Sources, Electricity, Electricity in the United States, Top 10, Largest U.S. electricity generation facilities (power plants) by annual net electricity generation (2021), and Largest U.S. electricity generation facilities (power plants) by electricity generating capacity (2021).
³¹ U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, Arizona, Fuel Type (Check all), Annual, 2001-22.
³² U.S. EIA, Arizona Electricity Profile 2018, Tables 2A, 2B.
³³ U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Plant lever data, List of plants for coal, Arizona, all sectors, 2015-22.
³⁴ U.S. EIA, Electricity, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Retired Generators as of March 2023.
³⁵ U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, Arizona, Fuel Type (Check all) , Annual, 2001-22.
³⁶ Central Arizona Project, accessed April 5, 2023.
³⁷ U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census: Arizona Profile, Population Density by Census Tract.
³⁸ U.S. EIA, Arizona Electricity Profile 2021, Table 10, Supply and disposition of electricity, 1990 through 2021.
³⁹ U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Proposed SunZia Southwest Transmission Project, accessed April 5, 2023.
⁴⁰ TransWest Express, Project purpose, accessed April 5, 2023.
⁴¹ Ten West Link, About the project, accessed April 5, 2023.
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⁴⁴ NS Energy, Big Sandy Lithium Project, accessed April 5, 2023.
⁴⁵ U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C17, Electricity Retail Sales per Capita, Ranked by State, 2020.
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⁵¹ U.S. EIA, Electric Power Monthly (April 2023), Table 6.2.B.
⁵² U.S. EIA, Electric Power Monthly (February 2023), Tables 1.17.B, 1.18.B.
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⁶⁰ U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Upper Colorado Region, Glen Canyon Unit, updated April 3, 2023.
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⁶² U.S. EIA, Electric Power Monthly (April 2023), Table 6.2.C.
⁶³ U.S. EIA, "Pumped storage provides grid reliability even with net generation loss," Today in Energy (July 8, 2013).
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⁶⁵ U.S. EIA, Electric Power Monthly (March 2023), Table 6.2.C.
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⁶⁷ U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Wind Energy in Arizona, accessed April 14, 2023.
⁶⁸ U.S. EIA, Electricity, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of March 2023.
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⁷⁰ U.S. EIA, Electricity, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of March 2023.
⁷¹ U.S. EIA, Monthly Densified Biomass Fuel Report, Table 1, Densified biomass fuel manufacturing facilities in the United States by state, region, and capacity, February 2023.
⁷² U.S. Census Bureau, Arizona, Occupied Housing Units, Table B25040, House Heating Fuel, 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.
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⁷⁹ Tucson Electric Power, Our 2020 Integrated Resource Plan, accessed April 15, 2023.
⁸⁰ U.S. EIA, Crude Oil Proved Reserves, Reserves Changes, and Production, Proved Reserves as of December 31, 2021.
⁸¹ U.S. EIA, Crude Oil Production, Annual, Thousand Barrels, 2022.
⁸² Towne, Douglas, "Arizona's Ill-Fated Oil Boom," Phoenix (September 6, 2022).
⁸³ Schieler, Lauren, "Is Big Oil Coming to Northern Arizona?," Patch (May 3, 2019).
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⁸⁵ U.S. EIA, Arizona Number of Operable Refineries as of January 1, 1980-2022.
⁸⁶ Kinder Morgan, Products Pipelines, Refined Products Pipelines, Pacific Operations, SFPP, accessed April 15, 2023.
⁸⁷ U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F16, Total Petroleum Consumption Estimates, 2020.
⁸⁸ Larson, B. K., U.S. Gasoline Requirements as of January 2018, ExxonMobil, accessed April 15, 2023.
⁸⁹ Totiyapungprasert, Priscilla, "Phoenix ranked 7th for most ozone pollution in the nation, receives 'F' on new report," azcentral (April 24, 2019).
⁹⁰ U.S. EIA, U.S. Fuel Ethanol Plant Production Capacity, Excel File, U.S. Nameplate Fuel Ethanol Production Capacity, January 2022.
⁹¹ U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F25, Fuel ethanol consumption estimates, 2021.
⁹² U.S. EIA, Movements by Pipeline, Tanker, Barge and Rail between PAD Districts, Fuel Ethanol, Annual, 2017-22.
⁹³ U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F16, Total Petroleum Consumption Estimates, 2020.
⁹⁴ U.S. Census Bureau, Arizona, Occupied Housing Units, Table B25040, House Heating Fuel, 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.
⁹⁵ U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Reserves Summary as of December 31, Dry Natural Gas, Annual, 2016-21.
⁹⁶ U.S. EIA, Arizona Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals, 1971-2021.
⁹⁷ U.S. EIA, International and Interstate Movements of Natural Gas by State, Arizona, 2016-21.
⁹⁸ U.S. EIA, Underground Natural Gas Storage Capacity, Total Storage Capacity, 2016-21.
⁹⁹ Southwest Gas, Southern Arizona Reliability Project, Tucson LNG Plant, accessed April 15, 2023.
¹⁰⁰ U.S. Census Bureau, Arizona, Occupied Housing Units, Table B25040, House Heating Fuel, 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.
¹⁰¹ U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Consumption by End Use, Arizona, 2017-22.
¹⁰² U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F18, Natural Gas Consumption Estimates, 2021.
¹⁰³ U.S. Census Bureau, State Population Totals and Components of Change: 2020-2022, Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2022.
¹⁰⁴ Kirschbaum, Mark A., and Laura R. H. Biewick, Chapter B, A Summary of the Coal Deposits in the Colorado Plateau: Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico and Utah, U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1625-B, U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey (2000), p. B3-B7.
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¹⁰⁶ U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report 2018 (October 2019), Tables 1, 9, 14.
¹⁰⁷ U.S. EIA, Electricity, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of March 2023.
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¹⁰⁹ U.S. EIA, Coal Data Browser, Total Consumption, Arizona, 2018-22.
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¹¹² Pariona, Amber, "Biggest Indian Reservations in The United States," World Atlas, accessed April 16, 2023.
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¹²⁴ U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Indian Energy, Developing Clean Energy Projects on Tribal Lands, Data and Resources for Tribes, DOE/IE-0015 (April 2013), p. 40, 44, 52.
¹²⁵ "Navajo celebrate first large-scale solar farm on Nation," Navajo-Hopi Observer (September 5, 2017).
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¹³³ U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Indian Energy Policy and Programs, Project Reports for Grand Canyon West-2020 Project (November 29, 2021).

Other Resources

Energy-Related Regions and Organizations

• Coal Region: Western
• Petroleum Administration for Defense District (PADD): 5
• North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) ERO Enterprise: Regional Entities: Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC)

Other Websites

• Arizona Geological Survey, Energy Resources of Arizona
• Arizona Department of Economic Security, Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program
• Arizona Corporation Commission - Utilities Division
• Arizona Oil and Gas Conservation Commission
• Arizona Department of Housing, Weatherization Assistance Program
• Arizona Commerce Authority, Renewable Energy
• Arizona Geological Survey, Mining in Arizona
• U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Arizona
• EIA Arizona Flickr Album
• Western Regional Partnership (WRP)
• Alternative Fuels Data Center, Federal and State Laws and Incentives
• Western Area Power Administration
• Bureau of Land Management, Renewable Energy
• Benefits.Gov, Housing and Public Utilities
• NC Clean Energy Technology Center, Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency (DSIRE)
• National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners (NARUC)
• National Association of State Energy Officials (NASEO)
• National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL), Energy
• National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Geospatial Data Science Data and Tools
• U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Publications
• Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission
• Western Interstate Energy Board
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Community Services, Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP)
• U.S. Geological Survey, Maps
• Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Energy Flow Charts
• National Renewable Energy Laboratory, State and Local Planning for Energy (SLOPE)
• U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Indian Energy Policy and Programs
• National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Tribal Energy Atlas
• EIA Status of U.S. Nuclear Outages
• EIA Natural Gas Storage Dashboard
• EIA Energy Disruptions
• U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Rural Development, Energy Programs