Last Updated: July 17, 2025

Overview

New Mexico is home to the forested peaks and valleys of the southern Rocky Mountains, high plateaus of the Great Plains, and spectacular desert canyons and mesas. Elevations in the state range from New Mexico's lowest point of less than 3,000 feet above sea level to its highest at Wheeler Peak in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, more than 13,000 feet above sea level.^1,2 In addition to its dramatic vistas, the state has a wealth of fossil fuel, mineral, and renewable energy resources, including substantial oil and natural gas reserves, abundant sunshine, strong winds, and a large portion of the nation's known uranium reserves.^3,4,5,6 New Mexico is the third-largest energy producer in the nation, after Texas and Pennsylvania, primarily because of its crude oil and natural gas production.⁷ Nearly half of New Mexico's minerals acreage is administered by the federal government, and the state has the nation's second-largest number of producing crude oil and natural gas leases on federal lands, after Wyoming.^8,9

New Mexico is the 5th-largest state by land area and ranks 36th in population.^10,11 As a result, the state is the sixth-least densely populated in the nation.¹² More than one in four New Mexico residents live in the city of Albuquerque, and most of the state has fewer than five people per square mile.^13,14 New Mexico's total energy consumption per capita and energy consumption per dollar of state gross domestic product (GDP) are both in the top two-fifths of the states and above the national average.^15,16 Crude oil and natural gas extraction, along with coal and mineral mining and related support activities, are major contributors to New Mexico's GDP and tax revenue.¹⁷ The second-highest average weekly wages in the state are in mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.¹⁸

Among the state's end-users, the industrial sector is the largest consumer of energy. It accounts for almost two-fifths of the state's total energy consumption. The transportation sector ranks among the top 10 states in per capita energy use and accounts for one-third of New Mexico's total energy consumption. The rest of the state's energy use is split almost evenly between the residential sector and the commercial sector at one-seventh each.^19,20 Despite the state's climate extremes, with summer temperatures above 100°F common in the desert south and winter temperatures that have fallen to 50°F below zero in the snowy peaks in the north, energy consumption per capita in New Mexico's residential sector is lower than in all but four other states.^21,22 Although energy-intensive industries, such as oil and natural gas production and mining, are important contributors to New Mexico's GDP, a much larger share of state GDP is from less energy-intensive service sector businesses. Government activities, including the U.S. Department of Energy's Los Alamos and Sandia National Laboratories, account for about one-fifth of state GDP and non-farm jobs in New Mexico.^23,24

Petroleum

In 2024, New Mexico was the nation's second-largest crude oil-producing state, after Texas, and it accounted for 15% of the nation's total crude oil production and 14% of U.S. total proved crude oil reserves.^25,26 New Mexico's crude oil production has increased significantly since 2010 and nearly doubled since 2020.²⁷ Most of the increased output comes from the Permian Basin, which is located in eastern New Mexico and western Texas. The Permian Basin is one of the most prolific crude oil-producing areas in the nation and the world.^28,29,30,31 Advanced drilling and oil recovery technologies have increased production from the Basin's low-permeability shale formations.³² In 2024, New Mexico's annual crude oil production reached an all-time high of just over 2 million barrels per day, nearly six times greater than it was a decade earlier.³³

New Mexico's one crude oil refinery is located in Artesia in the southeastern area of the state. It has a refining capacity of about 110,000 barrels of crude oil per calendar day and can process both heavy sour and light sweet crude oils.³⁴ Most of the crude oil processed at the refinery comes from the Permian Basin, but some comes by pipeline from other areas, including Canada. The refinery serves markets in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.³⁵

New Mexico's per capita petroleum consumption is greater than in more than two-thirds of the states.³⁶ The transportation sector is the leading petroleum consumer in New Mexico and accounts for more than four-fifths of all petroleum used in the state.³⁷ About half of that petroleum is consumed as motor gasoline.³⁸ Metropolitan Albuquerque is the only area in the state that requires the use of oxygenated motor gasoline to reduce carbon dioxide emissions.³⁹ Ethanol is used as the oxygenate and is blended with motor gasoline at fuel terminals. New Mexico accounts for about 1% of the nation's fuel ethanol consumption. As the state does not have any commercial fuel ethanol production plants, ethanol supplies come mainly from Midwest states.^40,41,42 The industrial sector is the second-largest petroleum consumer in New Mexico, and it accounts for about one-eighth of the petroleum used in the state. The residential sector, where about 7 in 100 households use petroleum products (mostly propane) for space heating, and the commercial sector each make up about 2% of the state's petroleum use. The electric power sector uses a small amount of petroleum for electricity generation.^43,44

Natural gas

In 2024, New Mexico was the third-largest natural gas-producing state, after Texas and Pennsylvania.⁴⁵ About 8% of U.S. proved natural gas reserves are in New Mexico.⁴⁶ As with its crude oil, the state's major natural gas deposits are in the northwestern and southeastern parts of the state.⁴⁷ In 2024, New Mexico's annual natural gas gross withdrawals reached a record 3.6 trillion cubic feet, and the state accounted for 8% of the nation's total natural gas production.⁴⁸ Natural gas is produced from low permeability sands, from coalbeds as coalbed methane, and from shale-gas wells in the San Juan Basin in northwestern New Mexico. Conventional oil and gas wells and shale gas wells in the Permian Basin in southeastern New Mexico also produce large amounts of natural gas.^49,50 New Mexico's natural gas production from shale gas wells accounts for about four-fifths of the total natural gas produced in the state.⁵¹ New Mexico also is 1 of 15 states that produce natural gas from coalbeds. In 2023, the state was second only to Colorado in coalbed methane production. Even though New Mexico's coalbed methane production has declined to less than one-third of its 2007 peak of 616 billion cubic feet, it accounted for one-fourth of the nation's total output in 2023.^52,53

Interstate deliveries of natural gas enter New Mexico from Texas and Colorado by pipeline. However, because New Mexico produces much more natural gas than it consumes, more than twice as much natural gas leaves the state than enters it. Most of that natural gas continues to Arizona.^54,55,56 Some of New Mexico's natural gas is placed in the state's two underground storage fields.⁵⁷ Those fields have a combined storage capacity of about 89 billion cubic feet of natural gas, equal to about 1% of the nation's total storage capacity.⁵⁸

New Mexico produces about 10 times more natural gas than it consumes.^59,60 About three-fifths of the natural gas consumed in New Mexico goes to end users, and the rest is used in the production, processing, and distribution of natural gas in the state.⁶¹ In 2024, the electric power sector was New Mexico's largest natural gas consumer and accounted for almost three-fifths of the state's natural gas deliveries to consumers. The state's residential sector, where about 6 in 10 households use natural gas as their primary energy source for home heating, made up one-fifth of end-use natural gas deliveries.^62,63 The commercial sector accounted for about one-sixth, and the industrial sector used nearly one-tenth. The transportation sector consumed a small amount as compressed natural gas vehicle fuel.⁶⁴

Electricity

Renewable energy is the largest source of New Mexico's total in-state electricity generation. In 2024, wind power alone accounted for 37% of the state's total generation. Natural gas supplied more electricity in 2024 than coal for the second year in a row, providing 29% of the state's generation. Coal was the third-largest fuel source of in-state generation at about 21%, down from 63% a decade earlier.⁶⁵ About 2,500 megawatts of New Mexico's coal-fired capacity has retired since 2010.⁶⁶ The state's largest power plant, which is also its only coal-fired power plant, is the 1,540-megawatt Four Corners generating station, though it is scheduled to close at the end of 2031.^67,68 Solar power accounted for almost all the rest, 13%, of New Mexico's in-state generation in 2024, with about one-sixth of it coming from small-scale, customer-sited solar generation.⁶⁹ All of New Mexico's new electricity generating capacity additions in 2024 and planned for 2025 are solar photovoltaic (PV) or related battery energy storage systems.⁷⁰

New Mexico has no nuclear power plants, but it does have the second-largest known uranium reserves in the nation after Wyoming.^71,72 Although there are no active uranium mines in New Mexico, uranium was mined in the state between 1948 and 2002. Several companies have plans to recover uranium by in-situ leaching, which chemically dissolves the ore where it is in the ground and then pumps the solution to the surface for uranium recovery.^73,74,75 Two uranium in-situ leaching plants, located in New Mexico's San Juan Basin, are partially permitted and licensed. Each has a production capacity of 1 million pounds per year.⁷⁶ Other uranium recovery projects are planned in the state.^77,78

In 2024, New Mexico's industrial sector accounted for about 44% of the state's electricity sales, and the commercial sector accounted for about 32%. The residential sector, where almost one-fourth of households use electricity as the primary source for home heating and more than four-fifths of homes use air conditioning, made up around 24% of state electricity demand.^79,80,81 Although New Mexico's per capita residential electricity sales are 15th-lowest among the states, its total electricity use per capita is more than in about half of the states.⁸² However, because the state consumes less electricity than it produces, New Mexico is a net supplier of electricity to neighboring states.⁸³

Coal

New Mexico has almost 3% of the nation's estimated recoverable coal reserves and coal resources are estimated to underlie 12% (nearly 15 million acres) of the state.^84,85 Most of the state's known coal reserves are in northern New Mexico in the San Juan and Raton Basins. The San Juan Basin is the state's largest coal-bearing region and the only area currently being mined.^86,87 In 2024, New Mexico's coal production from its two active surface mines was just over 7 million tons, equal to about 1% of U.S. total coal production and down about two-thirds from the state's coal output a decade earlier.^88,89,90 All of the coal mined in New Mexico is used for power generation in either New Mexico or Arizona.⁹¹ Industrial facilities in New Mexico also receive a small amount of coal from Colorado.⁹²

Renewable energy

In 2024, renewable resources supplied 50% of New Mexico's in-state electricity generation from utility-scale (1 megawatt and larger) and small-scale (less than 1 megawatt) facilities combined. The amount of total electricity generation from renewable resources in the state was almost seven times greater in 2024 than a decade earlier.⁹³ New Mexico is among the top five states in wind energy potential.⁹⁴ Much of its best wind power resources are on the high plains in the eastern half of the state.⁹⁵ In 2024, wind energy contributed 74% of New Mexico's renewable generation and provided the largest share of total in-state generation at 37%.⁹⁶ Five of New Mexico's 10 largest power plants by capacity and annual generation are wind powered.⁹⁷ The largest in the state is a 522-megawatt wind facility in east-central New Mexico near the border with Texas. It came online in December 2020.^98,99 At the end of 2024, New Mexico ranked 10th in the nation in wind power capacity with about 4,400 megawatts installed.¹⁰⁰ The planned SunZia wind power project will have about 1,000 turbines with a combined generating capacity of more than 3,500 megawatts. The turbines will stretch over several counties in central New Mexico and connect to a new 550-mile transmission line that will carry the state's renewable electricity supplies to Arizona and California.^101,102,103

New Mexico has abundant sunshine, and solar energy resources are located throughout the state.^104,105 Utility-scale solar photovoltaic (PV) facilities provided about 11% of New Mexico's total in-state net generation in 2024, and small-scale, customer-sited solar panel installations supplied 2%.¹⁰⁶ The state's two largest solar farms have generating capacities of 300 megawatts each and began operating in 2024.¹⁰⁷ New Mexico does not have any in-state utility-scale solar thermal power plants that concentrate the sun's rays to generate power. However, the Sandia National Laboratories, headquartered in Albuquerque, is the home of the National Solar Thermal Testing Facility, which provides data for the design, construction, and operation of components used in solar thermal power plants.^108,109

New Mexico is one of seven states with utility-scale geothermal electricity generation.¹¹⁰ In 2024, geothermal energy generated about 0.1% of in-state electricity.¹¹¹ In December 2013, the state's first and only utility-scale geothermal power plant came online in southwestern New Mexico. In 2018, the plant added a new generating unit that increased its nameplate capacity from 4 megawatts to about 19 megawatts.¹¹² Geothermal energy has many direct use applications in the state. It is used to heat greenhouses, many of which grow the state's famed green chilies, and for aquaculture. Geothermal energy also is used for space heating, district heating, and spas.^113,114

Biomass fuels a minor amount of New Mexico's utility-scale electricity net generation from a 3-megawatt facility in Albuquerque that runs on biomass waste and a 3-megawatt facility in Sunland Park near the border with Mexico that uses landfill gas.^115,116 The state's biomass resources, including wood product manufacturing waste, provide the feedstock for New Mexico's three wood pellet manufacturing plants. Those plants can produce a combined 19,000 tons of pellets annually. Wood pellets are used for heating and electricity generation.^117,118 About 5% of New Mexico households heat with wood.¹¹⁹

In 2019, New Mexico revised its 2004 renewable portfolio standard and increased the state's required renewable energy targets. The 2019 law set new goals for investor-owned utilities, requiring that 50% of their electricity retail sales come from renewable resources by 2030, 80% by 2040, and 100% by 2045. Rural electric cooperatives are given until 2050 to reach the 100% requirement. The legislation defines renewable energy as electric energy generated by low- or zero-emissions sources with substantial long-term production potential. It does not include nuclear power or any fossil-fueled generation. Qualifying energy sources for generating electricity include solar, wind, geothermal, biomass, and hydropower facilities brought in service after July 1, 2007, as well as biomass and fuel cells that are not fossil-fueled. Electric cooperatives may count energy produced by geothermal heat pumps toward their requirements.¹²⁰ New Mexico also has regulatory and fiscal policies that encourage renewable energy and energy efficiency measures. Those include net metering, solar easements, interconnection standards, tax credits, and other financial incentives.¹²¹

Energy on tribal lands

New Mexico is home to 23 federally recognized Native American tribes.^122,123,124 Tribal lands cover more than 7 million acres, or about one-tenth of the state, giving New Mexico the third-largest tribal acreage among the states, after Alaska and Arizona.¹²⁵ Much of that land has significant energy resources. Two of New Mexico's largest reservations—the Jicarilla Apache Reservation and the Navajo Reservation—are in the crude oil and natural gas-rich Four Corners region of northwestern New Mexico.¹²⁶ The Jicarilla Apache Nation's reservation is on the east flank of the San Juan Basin, a prolific natural gas and crude oil-producing area in the Four Corners region. The tribe is the second-largest mineral rights owner in the basin after the federal government, and also has within its reservation's boundaries several oil and gas fields.¹²⁷ The Navajo Nation, whose reservation is in portions of three states, has oil and gas operations on its lands in the San Juan Basin in New Mexico and has additional potential for crude oil and natural gas recovery from shale formations using horizontal drilling and hydraulic-fracturing technologies.¹²⁸ The Navajo Nation also has several fields in southeastern Utah and owns and operates a crude oil pipeline that runs from New Mexico through Colorado to Utah.¹²⁹ The Navajo Nation owns the Navajo Mine, which is located on reservation land in New Mexico's San Juan Basin. That mine is the source of the coal used by the Four Corners Generating Station, the largest power plant by capacity and generation in New Mexico, which is also on the reservation.^130,131 In 2018, the Navajo Nation expanded its holdings and acquired an interest in the Four Corners Generating Station.¹³² The Navajo Nation received a nearly $6.6 million grant from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) in September 2024 to evaluate the feasibility of adding carbon capture and storage to the power plant that would remove more than 95% of its carbon dioxide emissions.¹³³

All of New Mexico, including the tribal areas, has significant solar energy resources.¹³⁴ A 50-megawatt solar farm came online at the Jicarilla Apache Nation reservation in 2022, which at the time was the third-largest solar project on tribal land in the nation. The solar farm was part of a partnership between New Mexico's largest electric utility and the tribe. The tribe receives 2 megawatts of power as part of their agreement with the utility.^135,136 In August 2024, construction began on a 140-megawatt solar-plus-battery storage project on tribal land leased from the Jicarilla Apache Nation.¹³⁷

DOE has awarded several grants for solar deployments in New Mexico.¹³⁸ In 2017, with the assistance of a $1 million grant from DOE, the Picuris Pueblo of northern New Mexico completed a 1-megawatt community solar PV array that offset 100% of the cost of the energy previously used by tribal buildings and residences on Picuris trust land.¹³⁹ In 2018, the Pueblo received additional funding to develop a second 1-megawatt generating system.¹⁴⁰ Several other New Mexico tribes use small-scale, customer-sited solar PV installations. In 2022, the Pueblo of Laguna was awarded a DOE grant to bring solar PV to community buildings at four Pueblo villages.¹⁴¹

Although some mountain ridges on reservation lands have wind energy resources, New Mexico's greatest wind energy potential is in the east, while most of the state's tribal lands are located in the northwest corner of the state.^142,143

The many decades of uranium mining in New Mexico occurred on some tribal lands. The federal government identified 523 abandoned uranium mines on or close to the Navajo Nation and developed a 10-year plan to clean up about half those mines through 2029.¹⁴⁴

Endnotes

¹ NETSTATE, The Geography of New Mexico, accessed June 16, 2025.
² U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Earth Observatory, Mesas and Mountains of Western New Mexico, accessed June 16, 2025.
³ U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), U.S. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Proved Reserves, Year-end 2023 (June 25, 2025), Table 6, Crude oil plus lease condensate proved reserves, reserves changes, and production, 2023, and Table 8, Natural gas, wet after lease separation, proved reserves, reserves changes, by states and areas 2023.
⁴ U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report (October 30, 2024), Table 14, Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines by State, 2023 and 2022.
⁵ Roberts, Billy J., Global Horizontal Solar Irradiance, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (February 22, 2018).
⁶ Uranium Producers of America, Uranium in America, Uranium in New Mexico, accessed June 16, 2025.
⁷ U.S. EIA, State Energy Data Systems, Table P5B, Primary energy production estimates, renewable and total energy, in trillion Btu, ranked by state, 2023.
⁸ U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Public Land Statistics, 2023 (June 2024), Table 1-3, Mineral and Surface Acres Administered by the Bureau of Land Management, Fiscal Year 2023, p. 7.
⁹ U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Oil and Gas Statistics, Fiscal Year 2024 Statistics, Table 5, Number of Producing Leases on Federal Lands, FY 2024.
¹⁰ NETSTATE, The Geography of New Mexico, accessed June 16, 2025.
¹¹ U.S. Census Bureau, State Population Totals and Components of Change: 2020-2022, Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2024.
¹² World Population Review, United States by Density 2024, accessed June 16, 2025.
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¹⁴ U.S. Census Bureau, 2020 Census: New Mexico Profile, Population Density by Census Tract.
¹⁵ U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C14, Total Energy Consumption Estimates per Capita by End-Use Sector, Ranked by State, 2023.
¹⁶ U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C10, Total Energy Consumption Estimates, Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Energy Consumption Estimates per Real Dollar of GDP, Ranked by State, 2023.
¹⁷ U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Interactive Data, Regional Data, GDP and Personal Income, Annual Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by State, SAGDP2 GDP in current dollars, New Mexico, All statistics in table, 2023.
¹⁸ New Mexico Department of Workforce Solutions, New Mexico 2024 State of the Workforce (September 2024) p. 44.
¹⁹ U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C11, Energy Consumption Estimates by End-Use Sector, Ranked by State, 2023.
²⁰ U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C14, Total Energy Consumption Estimates per Capita by End-Use Sector, Ranked by State, 2023.
²¹ Western Regional Climate Center, Climate of New Mexico, accessed June 16, 2025.
²² U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C14, Total Energy Consumption Estimates per Capita by End-Use Sector, Ranked by State, 2023.
²³ U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Interactive Data, Regional Data, GDP and Personal Income, Annual Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by State, SAGDP2 GDP in current dollars, New Mexico, All statistics in table, 2023.
²⁴ New Mexico Economic Development Department, Employment & Industry, Current Employment Statistics Dashboard, Industry Growth & Detail, Nonfarm Employment Industry Growth & Detail, Major Industry (%) Share of Total Nonfarm Jobs, accessed June 16, 2025.
²⁵ U.S. EIA, Crude Oil Production, Annual, 2019-24.
²⁶ U.S. EIA, U.S. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Proved Reserves, Year-end 2023 (June 25, 2025), Table 6, Crude oil plus lease condensate proved reserves, reserves changes, and production, 2023.
²⁷ U.S. EIA, New Mexico Field Production of Crude Oil, Thousand Barrels, Annual, 1981-2024.
²⁸ Golding, Garrett and Diego Morales-Burnett, "New Mexico fuels U.S. crude oil output, funding for local programs," Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas (March 24, 2025).
²⁹ U.S. EIA, "Texas and New Mexico led U.S. crude oil production in 2022," Today in Energy (May 18, 2023).
³⁰ U.S. EIA, "U.S. crude oil production rose by 2% in 2024," Today in Energy (April 16, 2025).
³¹ U.S. EIA, "Two counties in New Mexico account for 29% of Permian Basin crude oil production," Today in Energy (July 6, 2023).
³² U.S. EIA, "Advances in technology led to record new well productivity in the Permian Basin in 2021," Today in Energy (September 30, 2022).
³³ U.S. EIA, New Mexico Field Production of Crude Oil, Thousand Barrels per Day, Annual, 1981-2024.
³⁴ U.S. EIA, Refinery Capacity Report (June 20, 2025), Table 3, Capacity of Operable Petroleum Refineries by State as of January 1, 2025, p. 14.
³⁵ HF Sinclair Corp., Navajo Refinery, accessed June 17, 2025.
³⁶ U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C15, Petroleum Consumption Estimates, Total and per Capita, Ranked by State, 2023.
³⁷ U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F16, Total Petroleum Consumption Estimates, 2023.
³⁸ U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C8, Transportation Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, 2023.
³⁹ Southern States Energy Board, Gardner, K. W., U.S. Gasoline Requirements, (January 2018).
⁴⁰ U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F31, Fuel Ethanol Consumption Estimates, 2023.
⁴¹ U.S. EIA, U.S. Fuel Ethanol Plant Production Capacity (August 15, 2024), Detailed annual production capacity by plant is available in XLSX File.
⁴² U.S. EIA, Movements by Pipeline, Tanker, Barge and Rail between PAD Districts, From PADD 2 to PADD 3, Fuel Ethanol, Annual, 2019-24.
⁴³ U.S. Census Bureau, Tables, Table B25040, House Heating Fuel, New Mexico, 2023 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.
⁴⁴ U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F16, Total Petroleum Consumption Estimates, 2023.
⁴⁵ U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Production, Gross Withdrawals, Annual, 2019-24.
⁴⁶ U.S. EIA, U.S. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Proved Reserves, Year-end 2023 (June 25, 2025.), Table 8, Natural gas, wet after lease separation, proved reserves, reserves changes, by states and areas, 2023.
⁴⁷ New Mexico Bureau of Geology & Minerals Resources, Frequently Asked Questions About Oil and Gas, Where are oil and gas produced in New Mexico, accessed June 17, 2025.
⁴⁸ U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Production, Gross Withdrawals, Annual, 2019-24.
⁴⁹ MineralAnswers.com, San Juan Basin, accessed June 17, 2025.
⁵⁰ U.S. EIA, "High Permian well productivity, crude oil prices drive U.S. natural gas production growth," Today in Energy (October 18, 2023).
⁵¹ U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Production, Gross Withdrawals, From Shale Gas Wells, New Mexico, Annual-Million Cubic Feet, 2019-24.
⁵² U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Production, Gross Withdrawals from Coalbed Wells, Annual-Million Cubic Feet, 2019-23.
⁵³ U.S. EIA, New Mexico Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals Coalbed Wells (Million Cubic Feet), 2004-23.
⁵⁴ U.S. EIA, International and Interstate Movements of Natural Gas by State (Million Cubic Feet), New Mexico, Annual, 2018-23.
⁵⁵ U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Production (Million Cubic Feet), Gross Withdrawals, Annual, 2019-24.
⁵⁶ U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F21, Natural Gas Consumption Estimates, 2023.
⁵⁷ U.S. EIA, Underground Natural Gas Storage Capacity (Count), Total Number of Existing Fields, 2018-23.
⁵⁸ U.S. EIA, Underground Natural Gas Storage Capacity (Million Cubic Feet), Total Storage Capacity, 2018-23.
⁵⁹ U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F21, Natural Gas Consumption Estimates, 2023.
⁶⁰ U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Production (Million Cubic Feet), New Mexico, Annual, 2019-24.
⁶¹ U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Consumption by End Use (Million Cubic Feet), New Mexico, Annual, 2019-24.
⁶² U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Consumption by End Use (Million Cubic Feet), New Mexico, Annual, 2019-24.
⁶³ U.S. Census Bureau, Tables, Table B25040, House Heating Fuel, New Mexico, 2023 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.
⁶⁴ U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Consumption by End Use (Million Cubic Feet), New Mexico, Annual, 2019-24.
⁶⁵ U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors (thousand megawatthours), New Mexico, Annual, 2001-24.
⁶⁶ U.S. EIA, Preliminary hearing Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of May 2025, Plant State: New Mexico, Technology: Conventional Steam Coal and Inventory of Retired Generators as of May 2025, Plant State: New Mexico, Technology: Conventional Steam Coal.
⁶⁷ U.S. EIA, New Mexico Electricity Profile 2023, Table 2A, Table 2B, available in XLSX format.
⁶⁸ U.S. EIA, Electricity, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of May 2025, Plant State: New Mexico, Technology: Conventional Steam Coal.
⁶⁹ U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, New Mexico, Annual, 2001-24.
⁷⁰ U.S. EIA, Preliminary hearing Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of May 2025, Plant State: New Mexico, Technology: All fuels and Inventory of Retired Generators as of May 2025, Plant State: New Mexico, Technology: All fuels.
⁷¹ U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, New Mexico, updated June 17, 2022.
⁷² New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Uranium Minerals, accessed June 20, 2025.
⁷³ McLemore, Virginia T., "Uranium Resources in New Mexico," New Mexico Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources, updated January 27, 2020.
⁷⁴ U.S. EIA, Domestic Uranium Production Report-Quarterly (March 13, 2025), Table 4.
⁷⁵ Ulmer-Scholle, Dana S., "Uranium—How Is It Mined?" New Mexico Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources, revised April 9, 2025.
⁷⁶ U.S. EIA, Domestic Uranium Production Report - Quarterly (March 13, 2025), Table 4, U.S. uranium in-situ recovery plants by owner, location, capacity, and operating status, Fourth-quarter 2024.
⁷⁷ Grover, Hannah, "Company plans to extract uranium from the Grants area," New Mexico Political Report (January 7, 2025).
⁷⁸ North Shore Uranium Ltd., "North Shore Announces Binding Term Sheet for Rio Puerco Uranium Project in New Mexico, USA," Press Release (June 24,2025).
⁷⁹ U.S. EIA, Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS), 2020 RECS Survey Data, State Data, Highlights for air conditioning in U.S. homes by state, 2020.
⁸⁰ U.S. Census Bureau, Tables, Table B25040, House Heating Fuel, New Mexico, 2023 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.
⁸¹ U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Retail sales of electricity, Annual (million kilowatthours), New Mexico, All sectors, 2001-24.
⁸² U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C17, Electricity Sales to Ultimate Customers, Total and Residential, Total and per Capita, Ranked by State, 2023.
⁸³ U.S. EIA, New Mexico Electricity Profile 2023, Table 10, available in XLSX format.
⁸⁴ U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report (October 30, 2024), Table 15, Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines, Estimated Recoverable Reserves, and Demonstrated Reserve Base by Mining Method, 2023.
⁸⁵ New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Importance of Coal Production in New Mexico, accessed June 18, 2025.
⁸⁶ New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Importance of Coal Production in New Mexico, accessed June 18, 2025.
⁸⁷ New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, FAQ - Coal Mine Reclamation Program, Is there coal in New Mexico?, accessed June 18, 2025.
⁸⁸ U.S. EIA, Quarterly Coal Report (April 2, 2025), Table 2, Coal production by state.
⁸⁹ U.S. EIA, Coal Data Browser, Aggregate coal mine production for all coal (short tons), United States, New Mexico, 2001-23.
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