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Energy Indicators
Demography	Arizona	Share of U.S.		Period
Population	7.4 million	2.2%		2023
Civilian Labor Force	3.8 million	2.2%		Jun-24
Economy	Arizona	U.S. Rank		Period
Gross Domestic Product	$ 508.3 billion	18		2023
Gross Domestic Product for the Manufacturing Sector	$ 40,805 million	25		2023
Per Capita Personal Income	$ 61,652	34		2023
Vehicle Miles Traveled	76,159 million miles	15		2022
Land in Farms	25.0 million acres	15		2023
Climate	Arizona	U.S. Rank		Period
Average Temperature	60.8 degrees Fahrenheit	10		2023
Precipitation	11.1 inches	48		2023

Prices
Petroleum	Arizona	U.S. Average		Period	find more
Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase	--	$ 78.16 /barrel		May-24
Natural Gas	Arizona	U.S. Average		Period	find more
City Gate	$ 1.21 /thousand cu ft	$ 3.69 /thousand cu ft		May-24	find more
Residential	$ 23.51 /thousand cu ft	$ 18.03 /thousand cu ft		May-24	find more
Coal	Arizona	U.S. Average		Period	find more
Average Sales Price	--	$ 54.46 /short ton		2022
Delivered to Electric Power Sector	$ 3.24 /million Btu	$ 2.56 /million Btu		May-24
Electricity	Arizona	U.S. Average		Period	find more
Residential	15.50 cents/kWh	16.43 cents/kWh		May-24	find more
Commercial	12.84 cents/kWh	12.48 cents/kWh		May-24	find more
Industrial	7.77 cents/kWh	7.95 cents/kWh		May-24	find more

Reserves
Reserves	Arizona	Share of U.S.		Period	find more
Crude Oil (as of Dec. 31)	--	--		2022	find more
Expected Future Production of Dry Natural Gas (as of Dec. 31)	--	--		2022	find more
Expected Future Production of Natural Gas Plant Liquids	--	--		2022	find more
Recoverable Coal at Producing Mines	--	--		2022	find more
Rotary Rigs & Wells	Arizona	Share of U.S.		Period	find more
Natural Gas Producing Wells	NA	NA		2020	find more
Capacity	Arizona	Share of U.S.		Period
Crude Oil Refinery Capacity (as of Jan. 1)	0 barrels/calendar day	0.0%		2023
Electric Power Industry Net Summer Capacity	30,382 MW	2.5%		May-24

Supply & Distribution
Production	Arizona	Share of U.S.		Period	find more
Total Energy	408 trillion Btu	0.4%		2022	find more
Crude Oil	0 thousand barrels per day	0.0%		May-24	find more
Natural Gas - Marketed	198 million cu ft	*		2022	find more
Coal	--	--		2022	find more
Total Utility-Scale Net Electricity Generation	Arizona	Share of U.S.		Period	find more
Total Net Electricity Generation	8,709 thousand MWh	2.5%		May-24
Utility-Scale Net Electricity Generation (share of total)	Arizona	U.S. Average		Period
Petroleum-Fired	*	0.3 %		May-24	find more
Natural Gas-Fired	44.3 %	41.6 %		May-24	find more
Coal-Fired	5.6 %	13.4 %		May-24	find more
Nuclear	29.2 %	18.8 %		May-24	find more
Renewables	21.2 %	25.5 %		May-24
Stocks	Arizona	Share of U.S.		Period	find more
Motor Gasoline (Excludes Pipelines)	47 thousand barrels	0.4%		May-24
Distillate Fuel Oil (Excludes Pipelines)	545 thousand barrels	0.6%		May-24	find more
Natural Gas in Underground Storage	--	--		May-24	find more
Petroleum Stocks at Electric Power Producers	139 thousand barrels	0.6%		May-24	find more
Coal Stocks at Electric Power Producers	3,900 thousand tons	2.8%		May-24	find more
Fueling Stations	Arizona	Share of U.S.		Period
Motor Gasoline	1,600 stations	1.4%		2021
Propane	68 stations	2.8%		Jul-24
Electric Vehicle Charging Locations	1,236 stations	1.9%		Jul-24
E85	19 stations	0.4%		Jul-24
Biodiesel, Compressed Natural Gas, and Other Alternative Fuels	14 stations	0.5%		Jul-24

Consumption & Expenditures
Summary	Arizona	U.S. Rank		Period
Total Consumption	1,527 trillion Btu	23		2022	find more
Total Consumption per Capita	171 million Btu	51		2022	find more
Total Expenditures	$ 32,961 million	18		2022	find more
Total Expenditures per Capita	$ 6,660	7		2022	find more
by End-Use Sector	Arizona	Share of U.S.		Period
Consumption
»  Residential	404 trillion Btu	2.1%		2022	find more
»  Commercial	337 trillion Btu	2.0%		2022	find more
»  Industrial	219 trillion Btu	0.7%		2022	find more
»  Transportation	567 trillion Btu	2.1%		2022	find more
Expenditures
»  Residential	$ 5,942 million	1.8%		2022	find more
»  Commercial	$ 4,408 million	1.8%		2022	find more
»  Industrial	$ 3,149 million	1.1%		2022	find more
»  Transportation	$ 19,462 million	2.3%		2022	find more
by Source	Arizona	Share of U.S.		Period
Consumption
»  Petroleum	120 million barrels	1.6%		2022	find more
»  Natural Gas	454 billion cu ft	1.4%		2022	find more
»  Coal	8,412 thousand short tons	1.6%		2022	find more
Expenditures
»  Petroleum	$ 22,079 million	2.1%		2022	find more
»  Natural Gas	$ 4,246 million	1.6%		2022	find more
»  Coal	$ 442 million	1.7%		2022	find more
Consumption for Electricity Generation	Arizona	Share of U.S.		Period	find more
Petroleum	5 thousand barrels	0.3%		May-24	find more
Natural Gas	29,843 million cu ft	2.8%		May-24	find more
Coal	319 thousand tons	1.2%		May-24	find more
Energy Source Used for Home Heating (share of households)	Arizona	U.S. Average		Period
Natural Gas	32.9 %	46.2 %		2022
Fuel Oil	0.1 %	3.9 %		2022
Electricity	60.2 %	41.3 %		2022
Propane	2.9 %	5.0 %		2022
Other/None	3.9 %	3.5 %		2022

Environment
Renewable Energy Capacity	Arizona	Share of U.S.		Period	find more
Total Renewable Energy Electricity Net Summer Capacity	7,517 MW	2.2%		May-24
Ethanol Plant Nameplate Capacity	0 million gal/year	0.0%		2023
Renewable Energy Production	Arizona	Share of U.S.		Period	find more
Utility-Scale Hydroelectric Net Electricity Generation	517 thousand MWh	2.4%		May-24
Utility-Scale Solar, Wind, and Geothermal Net Electricity Generation	1,212 thousand MWh	2.0%		May-24
Utility-Scale Biomass Net Electricity Generation	NM	NM		May-24
Small-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Generation	487 thousand MWh	5.7%		May-24
Fuel Ethanol Production	0 thousand barrels	0.0%		2022
Renewable Energy Consumption	Arizona	U.S. Rank		Period	find more
Renewable Energy Consumption as a Share of State Total	6.7 %	31		2022
Fuel Ethanol Consumption	7,458 thousand barrels	16		2022
Total Emissions	Arizona	Share of U.S.		Period	find more
Carbon Dioxide	83.0 million metric tons	1.7%		2021
Electric Power Industry Emissions	Arizona	Share of U.S.		Period	find more
Carbon Dioxide	32,948 thousand metric tons	2.0%		2022
Sulfur Dioxide	7 thousand metric tons	0.6%		2022
Nitrogen Oxide	23 thousand metric tons	1.9%		2022

Analysis

Last Updated: June 20, 2024

Overview

Arizona is known for its stunning landscapes and natural wonders from the Grand Canyon in the north to the Saguaro deserts in the south.¹ The state has few fossil fuel reserves, but it does have abundant renewable energy resources.^2,3,4,5 Although higher elevations receive greater amounts of precipitation, including significant snowfalls, most of Arizona is semiarid or arid, and plentiful sunshine gives the entire state some of the nation's greatest solar energy resources.^6,7,8 Elevations in Arizona vary from peaks more than 12,000 feet high in the north to nearly sea level in the deserts in the southwest. Some of the highest elevations and greatest wind potential in the state are on the Colorado Plateau just north of the 200-mile-long Mogollon Rim, which cuts diagonally across central Arizona from northwest to southeast and marks the southern edge of the Plateau.^9,10 Even though it is arid, the state has biomass resources. More than one-fourth of Arizona is forested.^11,12 Arizona also has major hydroelectric facilities, including Hoover Dam and Glen Canyon Dam, the two highest concrete-arch dams in the United States.¹³

Arizona's minerals drew Spanish explorers seeking gold, silver, and copper as early as the late 1500s.¹⁴ About two-fifths of the state's surface acreage and nearly half of Arizona's minerals acreage is administered by the federal government.¹⁵ Arizona still produces more copper than any other state, accounting for about 70% of the nation's output in 2022.^16,17 Arizona is also the site of major uranium reserves, including the highest-grade uranium in the nation.¹⁸ After years of no uranium mining in the state, the Pinyon Plain Mine—formerly known as Canyon Mine— resumed operations in December 2023 due to the rise in uranium prices and U.S. ban of uranium imports from Russia.^19,20,21 Mining has long been a significant contributor to the state's wealth. However, Arizona's economy has diversified. Real estate; government; professional and business services; finance and insurance; utilities; and health care services are today among the largest contributors to the state's gross domestic product (GDP).²² Other key industries in the state include computer and electronic products manufacturing; aerospace and defense; and biosciences.²³

Overall, Arizona's total per capita energy consumption is less than in almost four-fifths of the states.²⁴ In 2021, the transportation sector accounted for 36% of Arizona's total energy consumption, the residential sector used 27%, the commercial sector accounted for 22%, and the state's industrial sector consumed 15%.²⁵ The majority of Arizona's residents live in a few large urban areas, leaving most of the state lightly populated.²⁶ Mild summers in the north and mild winters in the south make Arizona a popular vacation and retirement destination, and the state's year-round population grew faster than in all but four other states in 2023.^27,28 The pleasant weather also draws many seasonal residents, and almost 1 in 17 Arizona homes were occupied only part of the year in 2022.^29,30,31

Electricity

Natural gas is the primary fuel used for electricity generation in Arizona. Natural gas-fired power plants provided 46% of Arizona's total in-state electricity net generation in 2023.³² Although 5 of the state's 10 largest power plants by capacity and 7 of the 10 largest by generation are natural gas-fired, the Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station is Arizona's largest power plant and the nation's second-largest nuclear power plant after the Vogtle plant in Georgia.^33,34 In 2023, Palo Verde's three operating reactors supplied 27% of the state's net generation, and it accounted for 4% of the nation's nuclear generation. Until 2016, coal fueled about as much or more of the state's electricity generation as nuclear power.^35,36 Some coal-fired power plants have switched to natural gas and the Navajo Generating Station, which was the largest coal-fired facility in the state and Arizona's second-largest power plant, permanently closed in late 2019.^37,38,39 In 2023, coal fueled 10% of the state's total net generation, down from 38% in 2013. Renewable resources, mostly solar and hydroelectric power, supplied almost all the rest of Arizona's in-state electricity generation in 2023.⁴⁰

Some of Arizona's in-state generating capacity was developed to power the crucial pumping systems that bring water for drinking and irrigation from the Colorado River in the north to the drier central and southern parts of Arizona, where most of the state's population lives.^41,42 However, Arizona power plants typically generate more electricity than the state consumes, and almost one-fifth of the electricity generated in-state is sent over the regional grid to consumers outside of Arizona.⁴³ Because interstate transmission lines have become congested during peak demand periods, Arizona continues to work with other states and stakeholders to improve transmission capacity.⁴⁴ Projects in development include one that will transmit electricity from carbon-free sources (renewable and nuclear energy) in Arizona and New Mexico to consumers across the southwest.^45,46 Another project will bring wind power from Wyoming to population centers in the southwestern states, including Arizona, and will send solar power from the southwest to the Rocky Mountain states.⁴⁷ A third transmission project in development will connect areas of southeastern California to southwestern Arizona, facilitating renewable energy development along the route.⁴⁸ Arizona also has 923 megawatts of battery energy storage systems (BESS), with an additional 2,000 megawatts planned to come online in by 2025.⁴⁹ BESS are an option for adding power in remote rural communities and storing energy generated by renewable sources.⁵⁰ Batteries deployed in BESS currently use lithium and Arizona has some lithium deposits.⁵¹ An open-pit lithium mining project, Big Sandy, is in development in northern Arizona.⁵²

Arizona consumes more electricity than two-thirds of the states, but its total per capita electricity use is less than in three-fifths of the states.⁵³ Arizona's residential sector, where about 3 in 5 households rely on electricity for home heating and more than 9 in 10 homes use air conditioning, consumes more electricity than the residential sectors in three-fourths of the states.^54,55 In 2023, the residential and commercial sectors each accounted for 40% of Arizona's electricity sales and the industrial sector used 37%. Arizona's transportation sector used a small amount of electricity for public electric rail.⁵⁶ In March 2024, Arizona had 1,191 public electric vehicle charging locations.⁵⁷

Renewable energy

In 2023, electricity generated from renewable energy at both utility-scale (1 megawatt or larger) facilities and small-scale (less than 1 megawatt) solar panel systems provided about 17% of Arizona's total net generation. Three-fifths of that total came from solar photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal energy. Hydroelectric power and wind energy supplied almost all the rest. Conventional hydroelectric power long dominated Arizona's renewable generation, but the contribution from utility- and small-scale solar-powered installations surpassed hydroelectric generation for the first time in 2017. In 2023, solar energy accounted for 10% of the state's total electricity net generation from all sources.⁵⁸

Arizona ranks among the top five states in the nation in total solar-powered generating capacity from both utility- and small-scale installations, with more than 6,100 megawatts.⁵⁹ In 2023, it was fifth in solar-powered net generation, after California, Texas, Florida, and North Carolina. About three-fifths of the state's solar generation was from large-scale solar PV facilities and two-fifths was from small-scale solar PV installations, such as rooftop solar panels. The rest was from utility-scale solar thermal installations.⁶⁰ Arizona is one of three states with electricity generation from utility-scale solar thermal technologies, which concentrate sunlight to heat fluids used to spin the turbines that generate electricity.^61,62 The Solana Generating Station in Maricopa County is Arizona's only solar thermal power plant. It has a capacity of almost 300 megawatts. The state's largest solar PV facility, Agua Caliente solar farm in Yuma County, has a capacity of almost 350 megawatts.⁶³

Hydroelectric power typically accounts for less than one-tenth of Arizona's total in-state net generation. In 2023, it supplied about 5%, in part because of the state's prolonged (almost 30-year) drought.^64,65,66 Glen Canyon Dam and Hoover Dam, located on the Colorado River in northern Arizona, are among the 10 largest power plants by capacity in the state.^67,68 They provide most of Arizona's in-state hydroelectric generation.⁶⁹ Arizona is also one of 18 states with pumped storage hydroelectric generation.⁷⁰ During periods of low power demand, which are usually at night, less costly electricity is used to pump water from a lower reservoir to an upper reservoir. Then, during periods when power demand and electricity prices are higher, usually during the day, the water is released from the upper reservoir and flows down through generating turbines on its way to the lower reservoir, producing electricity. Although the pumped storage plant uses more power than it generates, it supplies power in periods of peak demand when electricity prices are higher.⁷¹ The state's three pumped storage plants have a combined capacity of almost 220 megawatts.^72,73

In 2023, Arizona's seven utility-scale wind farms provided less than 2% of the state's total electricity generation.^74,75 The state is among the top 10 states in wind energy potential.⁷⁶ The largest wind farm in Arizona came online in 2020 and has 350 megawatts of generating capacity.⁷⁷ Two new wind projects located in Coconino County in north-central Arizona are expected to come online by the end of 2024, with a total generating capacity of almost 400 megawatts. One of these projects is phase two of the Chevelon Butte project, when completed will become Arizona's largest wind farm.^78,79

Biomass fueled less than 0.2% of Arizona's power in 2023, almost all of it from the state's largest biomass-fueled power plant.⁸⁰ Arizona biomass resources also provide feedstock for the state's one wood pellet manufacturing plant, which has an annual production capacity of about 80,000 tons.⁸¹ Wood pellets are used for power generation and space heating. About 1 in 60 Arizona households heat with wood.^82,83

Arizona has some deep, high-temperature geothermal resources, particularly in the southeastern part of the state, but Arizona does not have any utility-scale geothermal power generation.^84,85 However, the state's geothermal resources are used in several direct-use applications, including in an active aquaculture industry that uses geothermal resources to raise shrimp and fish and using geothermal heating for copper extraction. Arizona also has many hot springs that attract visitors to several resorts and spas in the state.^86,87

Arizona adopted a renewable energy standard (RES) in 2006 that required regulated electric utilities source 15% of the electricity they sell from renewable resources by 2025.⁸⁸ A portion of each year's required renewable energy target had to come from non-utility, customer-sited generation. In April 2024, Arizona regulators voted to repeal the RES.⁸⁹

Petroleum

Arizona has no significant proved crude oil reserves, and the state's few oil wells produced only about 6,000 barrels of crude oil in 2023.^90,91 The largest oil field in the state, the Dineh-bi-Keyah field, is on the Navajo reservation in the northeastern corner of Arizona.⁹² Helium, an important industrial gas, is produced from formations below the crude oil zones in that field in the Four Corners area and in the Holbrook Basin further south.^93,94 Some areas in the state may have additional crude oil potential, but exploratory drilling has not yielded large finds, and much of Arizona remains unexplored.⁹⁵

Arizona does not have any crude oil refineries.⁹⁶ The state receives motor gasoline and other petroleum products by pipeline from southern California and from Texas.⁹⁷ In 2022, the transportation sector accounted for 86% of the petroleum consumed in Arizona.⁹⁸ To meet federal air quality standards, the Tucson area requires oxygenated motor gasoline in the winter. More stringent state regulations require the use of an oxygenated blend of motor gasoline called Arizona Clean Burning Gasoline (CBG) in Maricopa County, including the city of Phoenix, where motor vehicles are the single largest source of air pollution.^99,100 The state does not produce any fuel ethanol, an oxygenate blended into motor gasoline, and Arizona receives the fuel ethanol supplies it needs from midwestern states.^101,102,103 In 2022, the industrial sector accounted for about 9% of the state's petroleum consumption. The commercial sector used about 3%, and the residential sector, where 3 in 100 households use petroleum products, mostly propane, for space heating, consumed less than 1%.^104,105

Natural gas

Arizona has no significant natural gas reserves.¹⁰⁶ With few producing wells and little new drilling activity, Arizona's annual natural gas gross withdrawals declined from a peak of more than 2.1 billion cubic feet in 1990 to about 198 million cubic feet in 2022.¹⁰⁷ Almost all the natural gas consumed in Arizona comes from other states via interstate pipelines that enter Arizona at the New Mexico border. About three-fifths of the natural gas that enters the state continues on to California, and about 5% goes to Mexico. Arizona uses about one-third of the natural gas that it receives.^108,109 There is no natural gas underground storage capacity in the state, but the state has potential to develop natural gas storage in salt caverns.^110,111 However, an above-ground liquefied natural gas storage facility near Tucson came online in late 2019.¹¹²

The electric power sector uses the largest share of the natural gas consumed in Arizona. In 2022, it accounted for 78% of the natural gas deliveries to state consumers. Although one in three Arizona households use natural gas as their primary home heating fuel, the residential sector accounted for slightly less than 10% of the state's natural gas consumption. The commercial sector used about 8%, and the industrial sector accounted for 4%. The transportation sector used a small amount as vehicle fuel.^113,114 Overall, Arizona's per capita natural gas consumption was less than in all but 11 other states in 2020.^115,116

Coal

Arizona has no current coal production. However, areas in the northeastern part of the state on the Navajo and Hopi reservations and in east-central Arizona have some coal.¹¹⁷ The state's last coal mine, the Kayenta mine, ceased operations in 2019 because its only customer, the coal-fired Navajo Generating Station, closed.¹¹⁸ Before its closure, that mine was one of the 30 largest coal mines in the nation, and in 2018 it accounted for almost 1% of the nation's coal production.¹¹⁹ In 2022, the coal that supplied Arizona's remaining four coal-fired power plants came into the state by rail from New Mexico, Wyoming, and Montana. The state's industrial plants received a small amount of coal (about 3% of the state's total deliveries) from Colorado.^120,121 In 2023, Arizona consumed 7.5 million tons of coal, less than half the amount of coal the state used in 2018.¹²²

Energy on tribal lands

Arizona is home to 22 federally recognized Native American tribes, and 3 of the nation's 10 largest reservations as measured by land area, including most of the Navajo Nation's, the largest reservation in the United States.^123,124,125 Only Oklahoma has more Native American residents than Arizona.¹²⁶ As tribes and individuals, Native Americans hold more than one-fourth of Arizona's land—the largest share in any state and second only to Alaska in total acreage—and almost all of Arizona's energy mineral resources are on tribal lands.^127,128

All of Arizona's commercial coal production was on the Navajo and Hopi reservations. Until its closure in 2019, the state's largest coal-fired power plant was also on tribal land.¹²⁹ Several natural gas pipelines, electricity transmission lines, hydroelectric dams, and uranium resources are located on Arizona's reservations.¹³⁰ From 1944 to 1986, more than 500 uranium mines on Navajo Nation land, mostly in Arizona, produced almost 30 million tons of ore. Although most of these mines are abandoned, uranium mining has resumed in December 2023 at the Pinyon Plain Mine, located on tribal lands.^131,132 The Navajo Nation opposes the transportation of uranium across tribal lands and has asked the federal government to ban trucks from carrying uranium through tribal lands.¹³³

The largest producing oil field in Arizona—Dineh-bi-Keyah, known as The People's Field—is on the Navajo Nation reservation. The field has produced about 19 million barrels of crude oil since its discovery in 1967 and accounts for almost all of Arizona's crude oil production.^134,135 Dineh-bi-Keyah field and other areas on the reservation contain reserves of helium gas, which is widely used in scientific, medical, and industrial equipment.^136,137

Many Arizona tribes have significant solar, geothermal, wind, and biomass resources suitable for on-site generation of electricity.^138,139 Three of the nation's top five tribes with the greatest electricity generation potential from solar resources—both solar thermal and utility-scale solar PV—are in Arizona, as are two of the five tribes with the greatest potential for geothermal-sourced generation. The Navajo reservation, in large part because of its size, has the largest solar and geothermal energy potential among all U.S. reservations.¹⁴⁰ In 2017, the first large-scale solar PV facility on Navajo land came online with 27 megawatts of capacity.¹⁴¹ In 2019, the facility added another 28 megawatts of capacity. In 2023, new solar PV projects added over 645 megawatts of capacity in Arizona.¹⁴² In 2024, two solar PV projects on Navajo and Hopi tribal lands were selected as part of the U.S. Department of Energy's funding for community-driven energy projects aimed at lowering energy costs and enhancing energy security in remote communities.¹⁴³ The U.S. Department of Energy has funded numerous Arizona tribal energy projects during the past decade.¹⁴⁴

Endnotes

¹ U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Arizona, accessed May 20, 2024.
² U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Arizona Profile Data, Reserves, accessed May 20, 2024.
³ U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report 2022 (October 3, 2023), Table 15, Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines, Estimated Recoverable Reserves, and Demonstrated Reserve Base by Mining Method, 2022.
⁴ National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Geospatial Data Science, Solar Resource Maps and Data, accessed May 20, 2024.
⁵ Roberts, Billy, Geothermal Resource of the United States, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (February 22, 2018).
⁶ Selover, Nancy, "Arizona-A State of Mild Temperatures as well as Extremes," Arizona's Climate, The CoCoRaHS ‘State Climates' Series, accessed May 20, 2024.
⁷ Arizona State Climate Office, Climate of Arizona, accessed May 20, 2024.
⁸ Roberts, Billy J., Direct Normal Solar Irradiance, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (February 22, 2018).
⁹ U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, WINDExchange, Wind Energy in Arizona, accessed May 20, 2024.
¹⁰ Freeworldmaps.net, Physical Map of Arizona, accessed May 20, 2024.
¹¹ Arizona Department of Forestry and Fire Management, Urban and Community Forestry, accessed May 20, 2024.
¹² Western Regional Climate Center, Climate of Arizona, accessed May 20, 2024.
¹³ U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Interior Region 7, Upper Colorado Basin, Glen Canyon Unit, accessed May 20, 2024.
¹⁴ Arizona State Museum, Culture History of Southern Arizona: Europeans Arrive, accessed May 20, 2024.
¹⁵ U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Public Land Statistics, 2022 (June 2023), Table 1-3, Mineral and Surface Acres Administered by the Bureau of Land Management, Fiscal Year 2022, p. 7.
¹⁶ U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2023 (January 31, 2023), p. 62.
¹⁷ U.S. Geological Survey, The Mineral Industry of Arizona, accessed May 20, 2024.
¹⁸ Uranium Producers of America, Uranium in America, Uranium in Arizona, accessed May 20, 2024.
¹⁹ Energy Fuels Inc., "In Response to Surging Prices, Supportive Government Policies, and a Domestic Focus on Security of Supply, Energy Fuels Has Commenced Production at Three of its U.S. Uranium Mines," Press Release (December 28, 2023).
²⁰ U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pinyon Plain Mine (formerly Canyon Uranium Mine), accessed May 29, 2024.
²¹ U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy, "Russian Uranium Ban Will Speed up Development of U.S. Nuclear Fuel Sully Chain," released May 14, 2024.
²² U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Tools, Interactive Data, Regional Data, GDP and Personal Income, Annual Gross Domestic Product by State, SAGDP2 GDP in current dollars, Arizona, All statistics in table, 2023.
²³ Arizona Commerce Authority, Arizona Industries, accessed May 20, 2024.
²⁴ U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C14, Energy Consumption Estimates per Capita by End-Use Sector, Ranked by State, 2021.
²⁵ U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C1, Energy Consumption Overview: Estimates by Energy Source and End-Use Sector, 2021.
²⁶ U.S. Census, 2020 Census: Arizona Profile, Population Density by Census Tract.
²⁷ Zhekova, Dobrina, "This Arizona City Was Just Named the Best Place to Retire for Healthcare, Low Crime Rates, and Perfect Weather," Travel+Leisure (April 2, 2024).
²⁸ U.S. Census Bureau, State Population Totals and Components of Change: 2020-2023, Tables, Annual and Cumulative Estimates of Resident Population Change for the United States, Regions, States, District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico and Region and State Rankings: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023, XLS.
²⁹ Western Regional Climate Center, Climate of Arizona, Climate and Economy, accessed May 20, 2024.
³⁰ Rice, Valorie, "State of Housing: Arizona House Characteristics from 2020 Census," The University of Arizona's Economic and Business Research Center (September 22, 2023).
³¹ U.S. Census Bureau, Arizona, Table B25002, Occupancy Status, 2022 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, and Table B25004, Vacancy Status, 2022 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.
³² U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, Arizona, Fuel Type (Check all), Annual, 2001-23.
³³ U.S. EIA, Arizona Electricity Profile 2022, Tables 2A, 2B.
³⁴ U.S. EIA, "Plant Vogtle Unit 4 begins commercial operation," Today in Energy (May 1, 2024).
³⁵ U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, Arizona, Fuel Type (Check all), Annual, 2001-23.
³⁶ U.S. EIA, U.S. Nuclear Generation and Generating Capacity, 2023 P XLSX, released May 28, 2024.
³⁷ U.S. EIA, Arizona Electricity Profile 2018, Tables 2A, 2B.
³⁸ U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Plant lever data, List of plants for coal, Arizona, all sectors, 2015-23.
³⁹ U.S. EIA, Electricity, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Retired Generators as of April 2024.
⁴⁰ U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, Arizona, Fuel Type (Check all), Annual, 2001-23.
⁴¹ Central Arizona Project, accessed May 22, 2024.
⁴² Maricopa Association of Governments, Arizona Demographics, accessed May 20, 2024.
⁴³ U.S. EIA, Arizona Electricity Profile 2022, Table 10, Supply and disposition of electricity, 1990 through 2022.
⁴⁴ U.S. Department of Energy, Biden-Harris Administration Announces $1.3 Billion to Build Out Nation's Electric Transmission and Releases New Study Identifying Critical Grid Needs, released October 30, 2023.
⁴⁵ U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Proposed SunZia Southwest Transmission Project, accessed April 5, 2023.
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Other Resources

Energy-Related Regions and Organizations

• Coal Region: Western
• Petroleum Administration for Defense District (PADD): 5
• North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) ERO Enterprise: Regional Entities: Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC)

Other Websites

• Arizona Geological Survey, Energy Resources of Arizona
• Arizona Department of Economic Security, Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program
• Arizona Corporation Commission - Utilities Division
• Arizona Oil and Gas Conservation Commission
• Arizona Department of Housing, Weatherization Assistance Program
• Arizona Commerce Authority, Renewable Energy
• Arizona Geological Survey, Mining in Arizona
• U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Arizona
• EIA Arizona Flickr Album
• Western Regional Partnership (WRP)
• Alternative Fuels Data Center, Federal and State Laws and Incentives
• Western Area Power Administration (WAPA)
• Bureau of Land Management, Renewable Energy
• Benefits.Gov, Housing and Public Utilities
• NC Clean Energy Technology Center, Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency (DSIRE)
• National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners (NARUC)
• National Association of State Energy Officials (NASEO)
• National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL), Energy
• National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Geospatial Data Science Data and Tools
• U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Publications
• Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission (IOGCC)
• Western Interstate Energy Board (WEIB)
• U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Office of Community Services, An Office of the Administration for Children & Families, Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP)
• U.S. Geological Survey, Maps
• Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Energy Flow Charts
• National Renewable Energy Laboratory, State and Local Planning for Energy (SLOPE)
• U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Indian Energy Policy and Programs
• National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Tribal Energy Atlas
• EIA Status of U.S. Nuclear Outages
• EIA Natural Gas Storage Dashboard
• EIA Energy Disruptions
• U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Rural Development, Energy Programs