Table ET1. Primary energy, electricity, and total energy price and expenditure estimates, 1970-2023, United States







Year		 Primary energy


Electric
power
sector i,k,l




Electricity m



Total
energy h,i,j
Coal Coal coke

Natural
gas a		 Petroleum

Nuclear
fuel		 Biomass


Total h,i,j,k
Coking
coal		 Steam
coal
Total
Exports
Imports		 Distillate
fuel oil b
HGL c		 Jet
fuel d		 Motor
gasoline e		 Residual
fuel oil
Other f
Total		 Wood and
waste g,h
Prices in dollars per million Btu
1970
 0.45 0.36 0.38 1.27 0.93 0.59   1.16   1.45   0.73   2.85 0.42 1.38 1.72   0.18 1.34   1.08   0.32   4.98 1.65  
1971
 0.52 0.40 0.42 1.20 1.17 0.63   1.22   1.48   0.77   2.90 0.58 1.45 1.79   0.18 1.36   1.15   0.38   5.30 1.76  
1972
 0.59 0.41 0.45 1.01 1.01 0.68   1.22   1.51   0.79   2.88 0.62 1.49 1.78   0.18 1.38   1.18   0.42   5.54 1.84  
1973
 0.68 0.43 0.48 0.96 1.47 0.73   1.46   2.03   0.92   3.10 0.75 1.58 1.97   0.19 1.44   1.29   0.47   5.86 2.02  
1974
 1.36 0.77 0.88 1.37 2.20 0.89   2.44   2.85   1.58   4.32 1.82 2.60 3.06   0.20 1.55   1.95   0.87   7.42 2.87  
1975
 1.65 0.90 1.03 2.37 3.47 1.18   2.60   3.02   2.05   4.65 1.93 2.94 3.35   0.24 1.55   2.19   0.97   8.61 3.33  
1976
 1.65 0.91 1.04 2.05 3.41 1.46   2.77   3.27   2.25   4.84 1.90 3.08 3.47   0.25 1.58   2.34   1.03   9.13 3.57  
1977
 1.72 1.00 1.11 2.32 3.06 1.76   3.11   3.74   2.59   5.13 2.14 3.27 3.73   0.27 1.63   2.58   1.17   10.11 3.98  
1978
 1.94 1.17 1.27 2.87 2.90 1.95   3.26   3.70   2.87   5.24 2.08 3.45 3.84   0.30 1.66   2.72   1.27   10.92 4.23  
1979
 1.89 1.27 1.36 2.26 3.45 2.31   4.69   4.60   3.90   7.11 2.83 4.70 5.24   0.34 1.93   3.47   1.50   11.78 5.22  
1980
 2.10 1.38 1.46 2.54 3.19 2.86   6.70   5.78   6.36   9.84 3.88 7.04 7.41   0.43 2.26   4.58   1.77   13.95 6.89  
1981
 2.34 1.56 1.64 2.55 3.28 3.43   8.03   6.35   7.57   10.94 4.91 8.67 8.69   0.48 2.52   5.25   2.04   16.14 8.04  
1982
 2.43 1.67 1.73 2.49 3.10 4.23   7.78   6.86   7.23   10.39 4.65 7.87 8.41   0.54 2.60   5.33   2.05   18.16 8.47  
1983
 2.14 1.67 1.70 2.76 2.25 4.72   7.32   7.41   6.53   9.12 4.50 7.65 7.79   0.58 2.44   5.12   2.02   18.62 8.40  
1984
 2.09 1.67 1.70 2.68 3.27 4.75   7.37   7.17   6.25   8.89 4.75 7.78 7.70   0.67 2.53   5.04   2.02   18.50 8.30  
1985
 2.03 1.66 1.68 2.76 2.99 4.61   7.22   6.82   5.91   9.01 4.30 7.62 7.65   0.71 2.47   4.93   1.91   19.05 8.38  
1986
 1.90 1.59 1.60 2.63 3.11 4.07   5.68   6.65   3.92   6.79 2.37 6.05 5.77   0.70 2.12   3.98   1.60   19.05 7.32  
1987
 1.74 1.51 1.52 3.37 2.40 3.77   5.97   6.24   4.03   7.23 2.86 6.02 6.09   0.71 2.07   4.02   1.57   18.74 7.36  
1988
 1.79 1.47 1.49 2.85 2.90 3.78   5.83   6.06   3.80   7.33 2.35 5.64 5.96   0.73 2.09   3.91   1.49   18.68 7.29  
1989
 1.78 1.46 1.47 2.98 3.79 3.82   6.43   5.69   4.39   8.02 2.72 6.01 6.49   0.70 1.42   4.09   1.51   18.98 7.59  
1990
 1.79 1.47 1.48 3.53 3.80 3.82   7.68   7.00   5.68   9.12 3.17 6.48 7.56   0.67 1.32   4.49   1.48   19.32 8.29  
1991
 1.83 1.46 1.48 2.86 3.41 3.74   7.29   7.06   4.83   8.93 2.62 6.32 7.28   0.63 1.39   4.31   1.40   19.84 8.25  
1992
 1.83 1.43 1.44 2.78 3.35 3.83   7.09   6.40   4.52   8.96 2.28 5.93 7.13   0.59 1.32   4.26   1.38   20.06 8.16  
1993
 1.79 1.40 1.42 2.88 3.22 4.10   7.08   6.43   4.29   8.89 2.26 5.83 7.08   0.56 1.28   4.28   1.40   20.38 8.29  
1994
 1.73 1.37 1.39 2.46 3.31 4.08   7.00   6.76   3.95   8.99 2.32 5.74 7.11   0.56 1.39   4.29   1.36   20.33 8.33  
1995
 1.76 1.34 1.36 2.71 3.43 3.73   6.98   6.67   4.00   9.24 2.46 5.98 7.33   0.54 1.40   4.24   1.29   20.29 8.31  
1996
 1.77 1.31 1.33 2.20 3.87 4.25   7.88   8.18   4.82   9.86 2.80 6.36 8.05   0.51 1.25   4.64   1.35   20.16 8.77  
1997
 1.79 1.29 1.31 2.64 3.25 4.53   7.67   7.57   4.53   9.83 2.93 6.26 7.92   0.51 1.15   4.68   1.38   20.13 8.83  
1998
 1.69 1.27 1.29 3.73 3.07 4.13   6.58   6.09   3.35   8.47 2.15 5.24 6.68   0.50 1.27   4.09   1.32   19.80 8.22  
1999
 1.69 1.24 1.26 3.88 2.83 4.16   7.20   6.77   4.01   9.32 2.51 5.89 7.42   0.48 1.34   4.40   1.33   19.52 8.58  
2000
 1.67 1.22 1.24 3.64 2.66 5.61   9.87   9.79   6.64   11.91 4.32 7.55 9.90   0.46 1.57   5.72   1.71   20.03 10.33  
2001
 1.74 1.27 1.28 3.27 3.04 6.87   9.19   9.77   5.72   11.36 3.99 6.93 9.40   0.44 2.08   5.86   1.85   21.41 10.78  
2002
 1.94 1.28 1.30 3.25 3.04 5.31   8.64   8.30   5.33   10.71 3.91 7.04 8.90   0.43 2.19   5.28   1.54   21.15 10.10  
2003
 1.93 1.29 1.31 3.88 3.49 7.08   10.03   10.57   6.46   12.36 4.75 7.83 10.36   0.42 1.98   6.29   1.84   21.85 11.44  
2004
 2.31 1.38 1.41 3.28 7.23 7.91   12.25   12.56   8.93   14.72 4.92 8.68 12.34   0.42 2.17   7.39   2.00   22.38 12.90  
2005
 3.19 1.57 1.61 3.39 8.92 9.92   16.43   14.95   12.86   17.98 6.65 10.81 15.58   0.43 3.10   9.24   2.61   23.92 15.57  
2006
 3.54 1.72 1.77 3.19 6.31 9.62   18.62   17.32   14.80   20.40 7.93 13.30 18.02   0.44 3.12   10.23   2.48   26.15 17.40  
2007
 3.64 1.82 1.87 3.66 7.84 9.31   20.01   19.31   16.01   22.34 8.57 14.97 19.69   0.46 3.34   10.79   2.68   26.84 18.34  
2008
 4.49 2.14 2.20 4.33 18.76 10.83   26.48   23.92   22.56   26.09 12.61 19.26 24.55   0.47 3.72   13.01   3.21   28.62 21.53  
2009
 5.43 2.25 2.32 4.17 10.82 7.67   17.13   16.76   12.61   18.97 9.68 16.47 17.32   0.56 3.38   9.50   2.45   28.90 17.26  
2010
 5.84 2.32 2.41 6.74 13.37 7.37   21.00   19.10   16.32   22.64 11.77 20.37 20.85   0.64 3.56   10.76 [R ] 2.63   28.92 18.92  
2011
 6.89 2.43 2.55 8.75 15.71 7.03   27.04   22.82   22.64   28.59 15.68 25.10 26.55   0.68 3.85   12.99   2.65   29.12 21.87  
2012
 6.59 2.44 2.59 8.65 13.64 5.74   27.97   17.10   23.04   29.42 17.31 25.37 26.83 [R ] 0.74 3.62   12.87   2.41   28.98 21.84  
2013
 5.43 2.40 2.51 8.91 8.55 6.44   27.61   16.54   22.12   28.61 16.52 25.34 26.17   0.79 3.77   12.75   2.62   29.64 21.42  
2014
 4.61 2.42 2.49 9.94 4.73 7.20   26.71 [R ] 17.68   20.63   27.49 15.06 25.08 25.42   0.75 4.16   12.67   2.80   30.74 21.33  
2015
 4.16 2.28 2.35 9.28 5.90 5.61   18.60   10.68 [R ] 12.12   20.22 8.99 19.38 17.95   0.72 3.54 [R ] 9.49   2.28   30.66 17.31  
2016
 3.56 2.18 2.23 8.75 5.78 5.06   15.81   10.18   9.83   18.04 6.83 16.77 15.70   0.70 3.26 [R ] 8.49   2.09   30.26 15.95  
2017
 4.11 2.12 2.19 9.32 7.11 5.72   18.26   12.69 [R ] 12.09   20.26 8.95 18.01 17.89   0.73 3.27 [R ] 9.67 [R ] 2.21   30.88 17.32  
2018
 4.40 2.11 2.20 10.53 10.66 5.71   21.82 [R ] 14.20   15.72   22.52 11.84 21.19 20.54   0.70 3.27 [R ] 10.76   2.33   31.02 18.61  
2019
 5.01 2.11 2.24 11.29 12.34 5.29   20.90   10.92   14.61   21.61 11.33 21.15 19.38   0.66 3.35 [R ] 10.29   2.08   31.05 17.96  
2020
 4.43 2.02 2.13 10.56 10.22 4.86   17.15   9.21 [R ] 9.79   18.01 7.94 18.18 15.97   0.63 2.51 [R ] 8.51   1.84   31.19 16.24  
2021
 4.17 2.11 2.21 10.18 10.81 7.03 [R ] 22.46   15.14   14.51   24.80 12.05 22.45 21.80   0.69 3.13 [R ] 11.90 [R ] 3.07   32.66 19.98  
2022
 6.82 2.51 2.71 13.79 20.50 9.27 [R ] 34.61   15.47   26.05   32.41 20.22 30.75 30.11   0.61 3.99 [R ] 16.24   4.19 [R ] 36.35 25.66  
2023
 7.33 2.66 2.92 15.84 18.58 6.87   29.62   11.35   20.90   29.02 16.88 27.02 26.00   0.61 3.96   13.98   2.62   37.34 23.59  
  Expenditures in million dollars
1970
 1,175 3,455 4,630 78 4 10,891   6,253   2,395   1,441   31,596 2,046 4,172 47,904   44 452   63,887   -4,357   23,345 82,875  
1971
 1,163 3,739 4,902 45 5 12,065   6,890   2,483   1,582   33,478 2,933 4,449 51,816   73 461   69,327   -5,491   26,202 90,038  
1972
 1,379 4,036 5,415 31 5 13,198   7,552   2,834   1,682   35,346 3,458 4,777 55,648   104 492   74,909   -6,551   29,712 98,070  
1973
 1,724 4,519 6,243 33 40 13,933   9,524   3,883   2,001   39,667 4,667 5,318 65,059   177 518   86,072   -7,952   33,774 111,894  
1974
 3,284 7,835 11,118 44 193 16,380   15,217   5,256   3,208   54,194 10,547 8,284 96,706   259 560   125,340   -14,558   42,586 153,369  
1975
 3,692 9,329 13,021 75 156 20,061   15,680   5,224   4,193   59,446 10,374 8,493 103,409   448 548   137,719   -16,545   50,680 171,854  
1976
 3,740 10,311 14,051 67 111 25,097   18,402   5,995   4,567   64,977 11,648 9,925 115,515   520 639   156,022   -19,078   56,972 193,916  
1977
 3,579 11,837 15,416 71 139 29,602   22,004   6,842   5,517   70,591 14,381 11,790 131,124   743 714   177,990   -23,715   66,225 220,499  
1978
 3,703 13,848 17,551 49 411 33,185   23,587   6,649   6,205   74,513 13,747 13,348 138,050   915 804   191,246   -26,125   74,159 239,280  
1979
 3,920 16,456 20,376 81 340 40,785   32,854   9,392   8,603   95,916 17,656 18,785 183,206   941 987   246,995   -31,472   82,051 297,575  
1980
 3,753 18,853 22,607 130 52 51,061   40,797   10,929   13,923   124,408 21,573 26,049 237,679   1,189 1,232   314,282   -38,027   98,095 374,350  
1981
 3,831 22,327 26,159 74 43 60,544   48,200   11,925   15,607   138,138 22,668 28,571 265,109   1,436 1,429   355,720   -44,274   116,455 427,901  
1982
 2,661 23,688 26,349 61 9 68,292   44,087   12,975   14,974   130,305 17,632 22,447 242,421   1,684 1,510   341,443   -42,354   127,393 426,482  
1983
 2,128 24,859 26,987 46 2 72,000   41,846   14,151   13,979   115,803 14,099 21,714 221,592   1,859 1,517   325,456   -42,566   134,731 417,622  
1984
 2,461 26,502 28,963 69 47 77,169   44,668   14,201   15,097   114,429 14,410 22,988 225,792   2,384 1,608   337,579   -44,686   142,420 435,313  
1985
 2,228 27,259 29,487 77 43 72,938   43,972   13,755   14,747   118,048 11,493 22,272 224,288   2,878 1,597   333,080   -43,970   149,233 438,343  
1986
 1,825 25,833 27,658 66 25 59,702   35,113   12,847   10,505   91,529 7,486 18,413 175,892   3,061 1,352   269,314   -37,016   151,793 384,091  
1987
 1,718 25,618 27,336 48 55 58,019   37,729   12,973   11,448   99,864 8,062 18,919 188,994   3,378 1,300   281,124   -38,182   154,685 397,627  
1988
 2,006 26,154 28,159 77 194 61,089   38,776   12,909   11,318   103,323 7,259 18,002 191,587   4,057 1,378   288,058   -38,553   162,063 411,568  
1989
 1,934 26,161 28,095 80 217 66,198   43,159   12,271   13,434   112,720 8,357 18,617 208,558   3,939 2,270   310,548   -40,829   169,332 439,051  
1990
 1,862 26,557 28,419 50 72 65,278   49,335   13,845   17,784   126,558 8,721 21,433 237,677   4,104 1,997   338,588   -40,626   176,691 474,652  
1991
 1,660 26,361 28,021 56 100 65,956   45,269   15,122   14,609   123,118 6,784 20,087 224,989   4,073 2,165   326,425   -38,752   184,767 472,440  
1992
 1,587 26,006 27,592 48 174 70,086   45,019   14,307   13,559   125,249 5,585 19,725 223,445   3,802 2,194   328,602   -38,663   186,906 476,845  
1993
 1,505 26,607 28,112 76 172 77,052   45,732   14,119   13,002   126,560 5,449 19,440 224,302   3,597 2,193   336,059   -40,317   196,532 492,275  
1994
 1,473 26,107 27,580 60 274 78,581   47,002   16,243   12,474   130,068 5,296 19,605 230,688   3,777 2,521   344,376   -40,351   200,831 504,856  
1995
 1,558 25,740 27,298 91 325 75,020   47,532   16,197   12,526   136,647 4,676 20,035 237,613   3,810 2,938   347,820   -39,073   205,876 514,624  
1996
 1,507 26,404 27,911 88 244 86,904   56,455   21,086   15,770   148,344 5,313 21,664 268,631   3,624 2,668   390,839   -41,652   211,105 560,293  
1997
 1,453 26,710 28,163 83 253 93,382   55,922   19,781   15,000   149,668 5,206 22,994 268,570   3,369 2,425   397,065   -42,947   213,843 567,962  
1998
 1,304 26,471 27,775 104 292 83,620   48,350   15,241   11,239   132,730 4,280 20,716 232,556   3,555 2,477   351,232   -43,311   218,361 526,283  
1999
 1,306 25,888 27,194 86 226 84,960   54,564   19,038   13,878   149,260 4,686 23,613 265,039   3,643 2,646   384,902   -44,688   218,413 558,627  
2000
 1,327 26,632 27,959 103 249 119,094   78,208   27,970   23,781   192,153 8,870 28,421 359,403   3,628 3,174   516,187   -60,053   231,577 687,711  
2001
 1,247 26,849 28,095 109 191 139,388   75,033   25,543   19,602   185,752 7,266 24,962 338,159   3,524 3,494   515,431   -64,671   245,483 696,242  
2002
 1,258 27,143 28,401 64 244 111,536   69,284   22,980   17,802   179,796 6,156 25,828 321,846   3,504 4,005   470,595   -54,229   247,598 663,964  
2003
 1,283 27,971 29,254 70 239 144,489   83,613   28,168   21,096   209,493 8,325 28,813 379,508   3,363 3,599   561,750   -64,672   257,992 755,070  
2004
 1,499 30,128 31,627 107 1,232 162,843   105,770   34,408   30,219   254,873 9,717 35,444 470,430   3,445 3,692   674,778   -71,701   268,133 871,210  
2005
 1,964 34,779 36,742 147 780 200,355   143,596   38,874   44,679   312,047 13,951 43,138 596,287   3,469 5,894   845,859   -95,916   295,787 1,045,730  
2006
 2,132 37,662 39,794 128 636 190,589   164,395   45,355   50,007   357,286 12,432 52,309 681,785   3,637 6,096   924,932   -90,074   323,962 1,158,821  
2007
 2,175 40,345 42,520 131 478 196,957   177,162   51,081   53,754   389,282 14,129 54,917 740,325   3,871 6,407   993,627   -100,683   340,925 1,233,869  
2008
 2,606 46,643 49,249 210 1,676 230,465   220,936   59,610   72,046   438,237 17,949 62,304 871,081   3,976 7,038   1,166,832   -118,526   360,454 1,408,759  
2009
 2,192 43,441 45,632 135 93 159,364   131,084 [R ] 43,052   36,354   317,082 11,284 44,859 583,716 [R ] 4,680 5,371   800,877 [R ] -84,804   350,435 1,066,509 [R ]
2010
 3,239 46,996 50,235 245 403 161,303   168,173 [R ] 54,862 [R ] 48,346   376,491 14,382 54,833 717,087 [R ] 5,414 6,893   943,136 [R ] -94,782   365,913 1,214,267 [R ]
2011
 3,885 46,335 50,220 210 552 155,944   221,904 [R ] 64,039 [R ] 66,773   462,435 16,517 63,731 895,398 [R ] 5,621 7,525   1,117,106 [R ] -92,716   368,009 1,392,400 [R ]
2012
 3,916 41,034 44,950 209 384 132,830   220,699 [R ] 49,258   66,845   473,216 14,635 58,766 883,420 [R ] 5,965 7,132   1,076,395 [R ] -82,154   360,863 1,355,104 [R ]
2013
 3,346 41,898 45,244 186 29 151,628 [R ] 222,101 [R ] 52,282   65,668   467,328 12,034 59,982 879,396 [R ] 6,523 7,935   1,093,283 [R ] -89,096   372,068 1,376,255 [R ]
2014
 2,796 42,050 44,846 233 9 174,357 [R ] 226,717 [R ] 54,050   62,745   452,821 8,861 58,726 863,921 [R ] 6,252 9,017 [R ] 1,101,188 [R ] -95,800   389,872 1,395,260 [R ]
2015
 2,340 34,219 36,559 197 20 140,300 [R ] 156,168 [R ] 34,296 [R ] 38,820   342,578 5,328 46,228 623,418 [R ] 5,975 7,530 [R ] 816,324 [R ] -76,333   388,344 1,128,335 [R ]
2016
 1,678 29,996 31,673 217 33 127,648 [R ] 129,084 [R ] 32,306 [R ] 32,928   310,961 5,112 39,456 549,846 [R ] 5,857 6,722 [R ] 723,730 [R ] -68,493   383,567 1,038,804 [R ]
2017
 2,069 28,235 30,304 280 10 142,080 [R ] 150,769 [R ] 41,408 [R ] 42,095   348,456 7,005 42,018 631,751 [R ] 6,135 6,610 [R ] 818,668 [R ] -69,692   387,222 1,136,199 [R ]
2018
 2,306 26,897 29,203 301 31 157,790 [R ] 190,062 [R ] 52,673 [R ] 55,550 [R ] 387,586 8,606 48,096 742,572 [R ] 5,916 6,807 [R ] 944,153 [R ] -75,615   403,349 1,271,887 [R ]
2019
 2,578 22,785 25,363 271 35 150,307 [R ] 180,119 [R ] 42,450 [R ] 52,707 [R ] 370,930 7,151 46,894 700,251 [R ] 5,592 6,700 [R ] 889,832 [R ] -64,852   398,774 1,223,754 [R ]
2020
 1,830 17,693 19,523 179 41 135,005 [R ] 136,669 [R ] 36,384 [R ] 21,864 [R ] 268,098 3,798 37,817 504,631 [R ] 5,195 4,624 [R ] 670,597 [R ] -53,959   390,934 1,007,572 [R ]
2021
 2,103 21,167 23,271 526 31 194,581 [R ] 193,484 [R ] 63,948   41,144 [R ] 403,022 8,687 48,276 758,561 [R ] 5,601 5,846 [R ] 989,690 [R ] -92,203   419,304 1,316,791 [R ]
2022
 3,132 23,656 26,787 793 34 270,233 [R ] 304,299 [R ] 61,111 [R ] 84,102 [R ] 526,258 15,277 61,091 1,052,138 [R ] 4,890 7,322 [R ] 1,364,468 [R ] -126,634 [R ] 481,757 1,719,591 [R ]
2023
 3,354 20,530 23,883 595 95 202,081   258,966   46,696   71,503   478,453 10,611 51,599 917,829   4,950 6,684   1,157,413   -76,987   488,124 1,568,551  

Footnotes:

a Includes supplemental gaseous fuels that are commingled with natural gas.

b Beginning in 2009, includes biodiesel blended into distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 2011, includes renewable diesel blended into distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 2021, includes biodiesel and renewable diesel product supplied.

c Hydrocarbon gas liquids, include natural gas liquids and refinery olefins.

d Through 2004, includes kerosene-type and naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005, includes kerosene-type jet fuel only; naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other petroleum."

e Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline.

f Includes asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants, petroleum coke, and the “other petroleum products” category. See technical notes, Section 4.

g Wood, wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste. Beginning in 2006, includes small amount of other biomass liquids that are biodiesel. Prior to 2001, includes non-biomass waste.

h There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1988 and 1989 due to the expanded coverage of the use of wood and biomass waste beginning in 1989.

i There are no direct fuel costs for hydroelectric, geothermal, solar, or wind energy.

j For 1981 through 1992, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline that is not included in the motor gasoline column.

k Electricity imports are included in total primary energy and electric power sector but are not shown separately.

l Expenditures for fuels purchased for electric power generation, included in the expenditure columns for the primary energy sources, are shown as negative expenditures because they need to be removed from total energy expenditures, to avoid double counting.

m Electricity sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other energy service providers.

Where shown, R = Revised data.

Note: Expenditure totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web page: All data are available at https://www.eia.gov/state/seds/seds-data-complete.php.

Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, State Energy Data System. See technical notes. https://www.eia.gov/state/seds/