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Table CT3. Total end-use sector energy consumption estimates, selected years, 1960-2023, United States
Table CT3. Total end-use sector energy consumption estimates, selected years, 1960-2023, United States





Year



Coal
Net
imports-
coal
coke


Natural
gas a
Petroleum
Hydro-
electric
power h,i
Biomass




Geo-
thermal i






Solar i,l



Electricity m






End use g,i,n



Electrical
system
energy
losses o






Total g,i,n
Distillate
fuel oil b

HGL c
Jet
fuel d
Motor
gasoline e
Residual
fuel oil

Other f,g

Total g


Wood
and
waste i,j


Losses
and co-
products k
Million
short tons
Billion
cubic feet

Million barrels
Billion
kilowatt-
hours
Billion
kilowatt-
hours
1960 221 (s) 10,242 681 227 136 1,453 475 525 3,498 4 – – – – – – – – 688 – – – – – –
1961 208 (s) 10,664 691 234 152 1,476 463 537 3,552 3 – – – – – – – – 722 – – – – – –
1962 209 (s) 11,301 728 255 179 1,533 460 551 3,707 3 – – – – – – – – 778 – – – – – –
1963 212 (s) 11,826 743 276 190 1,582 450 587 3,828 3 – – – – – – – – 833 – – – – – –
1964 220 (s) 12,491 746 295 204 1,611 458 619 3,933 3 – – – – – – – – 896 – – – – – –
1965 227 -1 12,959 771 307 220 1,676 477 636 4,087 3 – – – – – – – – 954 – – – – – –
1966 231 -1 13,842 791 324 244 1,755 492 664 4,270 3 – – – – – – – – 1,035 – – – – – –
1967 217 -1 14,642 811 344 301 1,810 498 659 4,423 3 – – – – – – – – 1,099 – – – – – –
1968 212 -1 15,484 865 386 349 1,925 489 699 4,713 3 – – – – – – – – 1,203 – – – – – –
1969 206 -1 16,569 885 446 362 2,017 486 713 4,909 3 – – – – – – – – 1,314 – – – – – –
1970 203 -2 17,208 903 447 353 2,111 493 719 5,026 3 – – – – – – – – 1,392 – – – – – –
1971 174 -1 17,817 937 457 369 2,195 476 719 5,153 3 – – – – – – – – 1,470 – – – – – –
1972 172 -1 18,125 1,021 520 374 2,334 485 759 5,493 3 – – – – – – – – 1,595 – – – – – –
1973 173 (s) 18,389 1,088 531 380 2,436 517 802 5,755 3 – – – – – – – – 1,713 – – – – – –
1974 167 2 17,780 1,028 519 357 2,386 480 768 5,539 3 – – – – – – – – 1,706 – – – – – –
1975 157 1 16,380 1,005 493 362 2,436 431 723 5,451 3 – – – – – – – – 1,747 – – – – – –
1976 155 (s) 16,866 1,109 515 357 2,554 511 788 5,834 3 – – – – – – – – 1,855 – – – – – –
1977 148 1 16,329 1,181 519 373 2,620 546 865 6,103 3 – – – – – – – – 1,948 – – – – – –
1978 144 5 16,439 1,210 516 381 2,705 515 915 6,241 3 – – – – – – – – 2,018 – – – – – –
1979 153 3 16,750 1,181 607 390 2,568 539 948 6,232 3 – – – – – – – – 2,071 – – – – – –
1980 133 -1 16,196 1,022 582 389 2,408 527 894 5,821 3 – – – – – – – – 2,094 – – – – – –
1981 136 -1 15,764 1,012 578 367 2,404 432 716 5,509 3 – – – – – – – – 2,147 – – – – – –
1982 113 -1 14,776 960 584 369 2,387 392 641 5,332 3 – – – – – – – – 2,086 – – – – – –
1983 111 -1 13,924 965 561 382 2,417 290 698 5,313 3 – – – – – – – – 2,151 – – – – – –
1984 127 (s) 14,839 1,026 623 430 2,449 312 709 5,550 3 – – – – – – – – 2,286 – – – – – –
1985 124 -1 14,237 1,032 628 445 2,493 280 687 5,566 3 – – – – – – – – 2,324 – – – – – –
1986 119 -1 13,619 1,049 594 477 2,567 302 720 5,710 3 – – – – – – – – 2,369 – – – – – –
1987 119 (s) 14,367 1,071 638 506 2,630 277 759 5,882 3 – – – – – – – – 2,457 – – – – – –
1988 125 2 15,394 1,124 651 530 2,685 275 810 6,076 3 – – – – – – – – 2,578 – – – – – –
1989 123 1 16,014 1,126 653 544 2,675 256 797 6,051 3 – – – – – – – – 2,647 – – – – – –
1990 122 (s) 15,929 1,086 622 556 2,641 264 826 5,994 3 – – – – – – – – 2,713 – – – – – –
1991 115 (s) 16,246 1,052 680 537 2,623 250 766 5,909 3 – – – – – – – – 2,762 – – – – – –
1992 113 1 16,780 1,078 712 532 2,660 262 831 6,075 3 – – – – – – – – 2,763 – – – – – –
1993 112 1 17,317 1,095 705 536 2,729 242 804 6,111 3 – – – – – – – – 2,861 – – – – – –
1994 113 2 17,345 1,134 759 557 2,774 234 838 6,297 6 – – – – – – – – 2,935 – – – – – –
1995 112 2 17,970 1,152 766 553 2,843 221 813 6,348 5 – – – – – – – – 3,013 – – – – – –
1996 109 1 18,802 1,213 813 578 2,888 211 867 6,569 6 – – – – – – – – 3,101 – – – – – –
1997 108 2 18,673 1,235 815 583 2,926 177 910 6,647 6 – – – – – – – – 3,146 – – – – – –
1998 100 3 17,658 1,240 776 592 3,012 157 916 6,694 5 – – – – – – – – 3,264 – – – – – –
1999 98 2 17,586 1,280 880 611 3,077 151 931 6,929 5 – – – – – – – – 3,312 – – – – – –
2000 98 3 18,127 1,332 891 631 3,101 194 876 7,026 4 – – – – – – – – 3,421 – – – – – –
2001 96 1 16,896 1,375 803 604 3,143 137 904 6,966 3 – – – – – – – – 3,394 – – – – – –
2002 89 2 17,355 1,356 838 589 3,229 151 894 7,057 4 – – – – – – – – 3,465 – – – – – –
2003 90 2 17,141 1,406 805 576 3,261 144 926 7,117 4 – – – – – – – – 3,494 – – – – – –
2004 91 6 16,939 1,466 829 597 3,333 177 991 7,392 3 – – – – – – – – 3,547 – – – – – –
2005 88 2 16,145 1,483 783 613 3,343 196 974 7,393 3 – – – – – – – – 3,661 – – – – – –
2006 86 2 15,477 1,509 779 596 3,377 194 990 7,445 3 – – – – – – – – 3,670 – – – – – –
2007 83 1 16,262 1,516 800 592 3,389 201 943 7,442 2 – – – – – – – – 3,765 – – – – – –
2008 80 2 16,609 1,431 748 563 3,290 189 837 7,060 2 – – – – – – – – 3,734 – – – – – –
2009 64 -1 16,038 1,313 776 509 3,284 158 748 6,788 2 – – – – – – – – 3,597 – – – – – –
2010 73 (s) 16,700 1,373 826 523 3,282 171 763 6,938 2 – – – – – – – – 3,755 – – – – – –
2011 70 (s) 16,904 1,412 821 520 3,195 153 745 6,847 2 – – – – – – – – 3,750 – – – – – –
2012 66 (s) 16,428 1,360 839 512 3,178 123 717 6,728 2 – – – – – – – – 3,695 – – – – – –
2013 66 -1 17,964 1,387 913 524 3,228 104 724 6,879 4 – – – – – – – – 3,725 – – – – – –
2014 66 -1 18,447 1,459 892 537 3,256 79 699 6,922 1 – – – – – – – – 3,765 – – – – – –
2015 60 -1 17,630 1,446 931 565 3,350 80 711 7,082 1 – – – – – – – – 3,759 – – – – – –
2016 53 -1 17,459 1,410 930 591 3,410 108 717 7,166 1 – – – – – – – – 3,762 – – – – – –
2017 52 -1 17,874 1,426 963 614 3,404 114 725 7,246 2 – – – – – – – – 3,723 – – – – – –
2018 51 -1 19,550 1,499 1,100 623 3,405 103 712 7,443 1 – – – – – – – – 3,859 – – – – – –
2019 48 -1 19,844 1,488 1,146 636 3,398 91 707 7,466 1 – – – – – – – – 3,811 – – – – – –
2020 41 -1 18,971 1,378 1,181 394 2,946 68 658 6,625 1 – – – – – – – – 3,718 – – – – – –
2021 44 -2 19,417 1,439 1,256 500 3,218 106 706 [R ] 7,225 1 – – – – – – – – 3,806 – – – – – –
2022 43 -2 20,200 [R ] 1,455 1,225 569 3,216 108 689 7,262 1 – – – – – – – – 3,927 – – – – – –
2023 39 -1 19,689 1,420 1,279 603 3,265 90 713 7,371 1 – – – – – – – – 3,874 – – – – – –
Trillion Btu
1960 5,604 -6 10,600 3,969 866 739 7,631 2,987 3,129 19,321 12 1,318 NA NA NA 2,348 39,198 4,737 43,935
1961 5,263 -8 11,037 4,023 891 827 7,752 2,914 3,204 19,611 11 1,293 NA NA NA 2,463 39,671 4,886 44,558
1962 5,282 -6 11,696 4,243 973 977 8,051 2,895 3,299 20,438 12 1,299 NA NA NA 2,653 41,374 5,169 46,543
1963 5,364 -7 12,199 4,328 1,052 1,044 8,310 2,828 3,498 21,060 11 1,322 NA NA NA 2,841 42,790 5,620 48,410
1964 5,588 -10 12,889 4,346 1,124 1,121 8,464 2,878 3,673 21,606 11 1,335 NA NA NA 3,057 44,476 6,018 50,494
1965 5,761 -18 13,371 4,490 1,170 1,215 8,806 2,997 3,784 22,462 11 1,332 NA NA NA 3,254 46,172 6,405 52,578
1966 5,844 -25 14,293 4,608 1,234 1,354 9,219 3,092 3,945 23,451 11 1,366 NA NA NA 3,532 48,471 7,102 55,573
1967 5,472 -15 15,112 4,723 1,312 1,670 9,507 3,131 3,919 24,262 12 1,337 NA NA NA 3,751 49,930 7,405 57,336
1968 5,344 -17 15,941 5,037 1,460 1,941 10,114 3,077 4,155 25,783 12 1,416 NA NA NA 4,104 52,583 8,238 60,821
1969 5,164 -36 17,049 5,157 1,678 2,017 10,595 3,055 4,249 26,750 11 1,437 NA NA NA 4,483 54,859 8,933 63,791
1970 5,041 -58 17,645 5,260 1,667 1,973 11,091 3,099 4,293 27,383 11 1,427 NA NA NA 4,751 56,200 9,739 65,939
1971 4,304 -33 18,273 5,458 1,700 2,061 11,532 2,992 4,304 28,046 11 1,429 NA NA NA 5,014 57,045 10,211 67,256
1972 4,267 -26 18,598 5,950 1,927 2,091 12,259 3,051 4,544 29,822 11 1,500 NA NA NA 5,443 59,614 11,130 70,745
1973 4,300 -7 18,858 6,338 1,959 2,131 12,797 3,250 4,816 31,291 11 1,526 NA NA NA 5,844 61,823 11,965 73,788
1974 4,112 56 18,218 5,988 1,914 2,001 12,535 3,018 4,600 30,056 11 1,537 NA NA NA 5,821 59,811 11,948 71,759
1975 3,866 14 16,745 5,853 1,811 2,029 12,798 2,712 4,330 29,533 11 1,497 NA NA NA 5,961 57,627 12,183 69,810
1976 3,845 (s) 17,228 6,460 1,877 2,002 13,415 3,213 4,697 31,665 11 1,711 NA NA NA 6,330 60,790 13,154 73,944
1977 3,648 15 16,691 6,878 1,867 2,090 13,760 3,433 5,153 33,182 11 1,833 NA NA NA 6,648 62,027 14,324 76,351
1978 3,516 125 16,774 7,046 1,848 2,138 14,211 3,237 5,452 33,932 10 2,034 NA NA NA 6,885 63,277 14,710 77,988
1979 3,771 63 17,083 6,879 2,214 2,186 13,487 3,388 5,638 33,792 11 2,147 NA NA NA 7,067 63,934 14,910 78,844
1980 3,303 -35 16,580 5,952 2,135 2,179 12,648 3,312 5,299 31,526 11 2,467 NA NA NA 7,146 60,847 15,217 76,065
1981 3,315 -16 16,170 5,894 2,098 2,058 12,631 2,717 4,285 29,682 11 2,583 6 NA NA 7,326 58,910 15,285 74,196
1982 2,731 -22 15,180 5,592 2,095 2,069 12,538 2,465 3,853 28,612 11 2,627 16 NA NA 7,119 56,149 14,623 70,772
1983 2,682 -16 14,356 5,624 1,983 2,141 12,697 1,821 4,188 28,454 11 2,837 29 NA NA 7,339 55,595 14,858 70,453
1984 3,052 -11 15,288 5,977 2,230 2,414 12,867 1,961 4,259 29,707 11 2,885 35 NA NA 7,799 58,698 15,479 74,177
1985 2,954 -13 14,686 6,013 2,252 2,497 13,098 1,761 4,157 29,777 11 2,909 42 NA NA 7,929 58,220 16,121 74,341
1986 2,822 -17 14,030 6,113 2,158 2,682 13,487 1,896 4,363 30,699 11 2,813 48 NA NA 8,082 58,435 16,017 74,451
1987 2,835 9 14,816 6,239 2,339 2,843 13,816 1,745 4,580 31,562 11 2,739 55 NA NA 8,384 60,380 16,733 77,113
1988 3,000 40 15,855 6,546 2,373 2,982 14,105 1,729 4,876 32,610 11 2,875 55 NA NA 8,796 63,211 17,866 81,077
1989 2,920 30 16,525 6,559 2,403 3,059 14,050 1,609 4,781 32,462 10 2,802 56 9 52 9,031 63,862 18,842 82,703
1990 2,909 5 16,419 6,326 2,259 3,129 13,872 1,657 4,969 32,211 11 2,310 49 10 55 9,255 63,178 19,100 82,278
1991 2,741 10 16,749 6,126 2,466 3,025 13,781 1,572 4,622 31,592 10 2,299 56 11 56 9,424 62,914 19,299 82,213
1992 2,654 35 17,309 6,277 2,595 3,001 13,973 1,646 4,986 32,478 10 2,384 64 12 58 9,429 64,401 19,442 83,843
1993 2,642 27 17,817 6,380 2,557 3,028 14,236 1,520 4,842 32,563 10 2,322 74 13 60 9,763 65,177 20,043 85,220
1994 2,644 58 17,870 6,598 2,777 3,154 14,466 1,473 5,037 33,505 21 2,405 82 13 62 10,013 66,568 20,512 87,080
1995 2,634 61 18,506 6,704 2,791 3,132 14,794 1,389 4,896 33,705 19 2,480 86 14 63 10,281 67,743 20,989 88,732
1996 2,575 23 19,381 7,059 2,951 3,274 15,049 1,324 5,200 34,857 20 2,576 61 15 63 10,581 70,047 21,427 91,474
1997 2,541 46 19,331 7,187 2,956 3,308 15,231 1,114 5,451 35,246 20 2,473 80 16 62 10,733 70,450 21,656 92,106
1998 2,368 67 18,318 7,216 2,809 3,357 15,674 989 5,488 35,533 19 2,282 86 18 62 11,138 69,793 22,822 92,615
1999 2,303 58 18,102 7,447 3,193 3,462 16,008 946 5,589 36,645 17 2,301 90 20 60 11,301 70,803 23,410 94,213
2000 2,356 65 18,590 7,753 3,216 3,580 16,127 1,220 5,254 37,149 14 2,320 99 21 58 11,674 72,260 24,426 96,686
2001 2,293 29 17,340 8,000 2,895 3,426 16,345 859 5,431 36,955 11 2,037 108 22 55 11,582 70,353 24,039 94,391
2002 2,120 61 17,793 7,892 3,006 3,340 16,790 947 5,356 37,332 13 2,017 130 24 53 11,824 71,305 24,277 95,583
2003 2,139 51 17,632 8,180 2,905 3,265 16,949 902 5,540 37,742 15 2,011 168 27 52 11,921 71,694 24,113 95,807
2004 2,161 138 17,380 8,530 2,976 3,383 17,316 1,111 5,925 39,241 11 2,127 201 30 51 12,104 73,389 24,656 98,045
2005 2,058 44 16,596 8,630 2,812 3,475 17,358 1,235 5,831 39,340 11 2,137 227 34 50 12,491 72,942 25,167 98,109
2006 1,984 61 15,899 8,757 2,768 3,379 17,511 1,220 5,924 39,559 10 2,088 280 37 52 12,522 72,464 24,768 97,231
2007 1,943 25 16,707 8,770 2,835 3,358 17,428 1,262 5,653 39,305 6 2,083 369 41 55 12,845 73,364 25,623 98,988
2008 1,872 41 17,049 8,274 2,656 3,193 16,799 1,191 5,019 37,132 6 2,063 519 46 58 12,740 71,507 25,151 96,658
2009 1,468 -24 16,443 7,586 [R ] 2,707 2,883 16,714 992 4,486 35,368 [R ] 7 1,949 603 54 59 12,272 68,137 [R ] 23,515 91,652 [R ]
2010 1,695 -6 17,083 7,930 [R ] 2,881 2,963 16,632 1,074 4,576 36,056 6 2,225 727 60 64 12,812 70,659 [R ] 24,481 95,141
2011 1,628 11 17,281 8,145 [R ] 2,811 2,950 16,175 965 4,472 35,519 [R ] 6 2,238 756 64 70 12,794 70,311 [R ] 23,650 93,961 [R ]
2012 1,560 4 16,826 7,842 [R ] 2,887 2,901 16,085 772 4,308 34,795 [R ] 8 2,165 711 64 80 12,606 68,761 [R ] 22,894 91,655 [R ]
2013 1,588 -17 18,447 7,992 [R ] 3,166 2,969 16,332 654 4,332 35,445 [R ] 12 2,365 714 64 90 12,709 71,364 [R ] 22,862 94,226 [R ]
2014 1,569 -22 19,054 8,407 [R ] 3,067 3,042 16,473 495 4,197 35,680 [R ] 5 2,384 [R ] 766 64 102 12,845 72,390 [R ] 22,920 95,310 [R ]
2015 1,411 -18 18,296 8,329 [R ] 3,221 3,204 16,941 501 4,270 36,467 [R ] 5 2,299 [R ] 791 64 113 12,826 72,197 [R ] 22,249 94,446 [R ]
2016 1,230 -19 18,128 8,111 [R ] 3,184 3,350 17,238 680 4,388 36,951 [R ] 5 2,215 [R ] 821 64 130 12,838 72,310 [R ] 21,737 94,047 [R ]
2017 1,217 -29 18,547 8,204 [R ] 3,272 3,481 17,201 718 4,426 37,304 [R ] 6 2,161 [R ] 847 64 149 12,704 72,910 [R ] 20,947 93,857 [R ]
2018 1,197 -26 20,284 8,631 [R ] 3,720 3,533 17,209 650 4,345 38,087 [R ] 5 2,245 [R ] 855 64 168 13,168 75,985 [R ] 21,366 97,351 [R ]
2019 1,133 -21 20,613 8,568 [R ] 3,897 3,608 17,166 572 4,319 38,130 [R ] 4 2,223 [R ] 835 64 187 13,004 76,119 [R ] 20,359 96,478 [R ]
2020 954 -13 19,698 7,928 [R ] 3,956 2,234 14,883 426 4,023 33,450 [R ] 4 1,972 [R ] 735 64 209 12,685 69,704 [R ] 19,058 88,761 [R ]
2021 1,051 -49 20,146 8,296 [R ] 4,230 2,835 16,250 664 4,302 [R ] 36,577 [R ] 4 1,996 [R ] 789 64 236 12,986 73,744 [R ] 19,598 [R ] 93,342 [R ]
2022 1,000 -56 20,946 [R ] 8,386 [R ] 3,957 3,228 16,236 680 4,211 36,698 [R ] 4 2,067 [R ] 808 64 277 13,400 75,147 [R ] 19,672 [R ] 94,819 [R ]
2023 922 -32 20,403 8,185 4,124 3,422 16,485 565 4,330 37,110 4 1,915 819 64 319 13,219 74,624 18,921 93,545

Footnotes:

a Includes supplemental gaseous fuels that are commingled with natural gas.

b Beginning in 2009, includes biodiesel blended into distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 2011, includes renewable diesel blended into distillate fuel oil. Excludes biofuels product supplied.

c Hydrocarbon gas liquids, include natural gas liquids and refinery olefins.

d Through 2004, includes kerosene-type and naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005, includes kerosene-type jet fuel only; naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other petroleum."

e Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline.

f Includes asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants, petroleum coke, and the “other petroleum products” category. See technical notes, Section 4.

g Beginning in 2021, U.S. total includes other biofuels product supplied not allocated to the states.

h Conventional hydroelectric power. For 1960 through 1989, includes hydroelectric pumped-storage, which cannot be separately identified.

i There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1988 and 1989 due to the expanded coverage of renewable energy sources beginning in 1989.

j Wood, wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste. Prior to 2001, includes non-biomass waste.

k Losses and co-products from the production of biodiesel and fuel ethanol.

l Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy.

m Electricity sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other energy service providers.

n Beginning in 1980, adjusted for the double-counting of supplemental gaseous fuels, which are included in both natural gas and the other fossil fuels from which they are mostly derived, but should be counted only once in End use and Total. For 1981 through 1992, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline that is not included in the motor gasoline column. Beginning in 2009, includes a small amount of wind energy consumed by the commercial and industrial sectors. Beginning in 2021, adjusted for the double-counting of biofuels product supplied.

o Incurred in the generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity plus plant use and unaccounted for electrical system energy losses.

– – = Not applicable. NA = Not available.

Where shown, R = Revised data and (s) = Value less than +0.5 and greater than -0.5.

Notes: · Total end-use sector consumption estimates are the sum of the consumption estimates for the residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation sectors. · Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. · The continuity of these data series estimates may be affected by changing data sources and estimation methodologies. See the technical notes for each type of energy.

Web page: All data are available at https://www.eia.gov/state/seds/seds-data-complete.php.

Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, State Energy Data System. See technical notes. https://www.eia.gov/state/seds/