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Michigan   Michigan Profile

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Changes to the State Energy Data System (SEDS) Notice: In October 2023, we updated the way we calculate primary energy consumption of electricity generation from noncombustible renewable energy sources (solar, wind, hydroelectric, and geothermal). Visit our Changes to 1960—2022 conversion factor for renewable energy page to learn more.

Table N3. Capacity factors and usage factors at electric generators: total (all sectors), 2022
(percent)

Table N3. Capacity factors and usage factors at electric generators: total (all sectors), 2022 (percent)





State		 Capacity factors a Usage factors b



Coal

Petroleum c		 Natural gas
Nuclear
electric
power
Conventional
hydroelectric
power


Biomass d


Geothermal		 Solar


Wind
Hydroelectric
pumped
storage

Battery
storage
Combined
cycle		 Gas
turbine		 Steam
turbine
Photovoltaic e
Thermal
Alabama 66.3 0.2 64.8 8.9 16.5 88.6 35.3 68.3 — 24.3 — — — 3.2
Alaska 50.1 8.1 73.7 3.9 — — 41.1 66.6 — — — 27.0 — 0.1
Arizona 52.9 4.6 46.0 7.6 17.2 92.6 22.2 83.6 — 28.2 26.9 28.9 10.0 6.6
Arkansas 45.6 — 62.3 7.2 4.3 89.7 31.3 53.1 — 25.7 — — 26.1 0.4
California 57.0 4.2 45.7 10.8 4.0 89.7 19.6 56.5 68.0 27.3 23.8 27.1 4.5 8.8
Colorado 60.2 0.3 41.2 8.1 38.0 — 22.3 64.9 — 25.0 — 38.0 6.9 1.9
Connecticut — 1.0 67.7 12.5 5.1 89.5 29.9 68.3 — 18.2 — 29.3 6.3 0.8
Delaware 3.5 0.2 25.3 33.4 5.5 — — 63.5 — 18.4 — 25.0 — —
Dist. of Col. — — — 44.2 — — — 55.4 — 14.0 — — — —
Florida 43.9 2.3 59.5 8.6 14.4 95.8 60.6 60.6 — 22.8 — — — 1.2
Georgia 27.5 4.8 73.4 9.4 24.8 95.8 18.3 66.3 — 24.7 — — 11.0 6.0
Hawaii 63.5 32.2 — — — — 38.8 32.4 55.3 20.8 — 30.6 — 5.0
Idaho — 0.1 61.5 18.4 51.3 — 35.7 68.2 104.4 24.9 — 28.8 — —
Illinois 54.2 0.1 41.0 2.7 8.3 97.6 40.0 52.4 — 22.6 — 38.2 — 4.1
Indiana 43.4 4.5 74.2 10.8 23.3 — 59.9 61.7 — 20.1 — 33.0 — 0.6
Iowa 41.3 2.3 39.9 3.4 13.4 — 55.1 58.2 — 21.4 — 43.2 — 0.4
Kansas 51.4 0.8 62.9 7.4 0.7 83.7 38.6 77.2 — 23.8 — 41.2 — —
Kentucky 58.9 — 73.2 11.1 18.6 — 45.5 68.6 — 16.7 — — — —
Louisiana 43.5 48.8 63.9 37.1 15.6 86.6 54.5 74.6 — 24.1 — — — —
Maine — 3.2 31.8 16.1 13.5 — 48.2 49.6 — 19.3 — 30.6 — 4.6
Maryland 23.7 1.5 52.7 5.5 2.9 99.0 34.4 50.2 — 19.0 — 29.9 — 19.0
Massachusetts — 2.1 27.3 16.6 35.2 — 37.5 76.9 — 17.9 — 24.0 8.3 1.8
Michigan 52.5 4.1 58.7 20.4 4.3 81.7 59.9 58.6 — 21.2 — 32.2 12.6 0.6
Minnesota 46.7 0.8 32.0 4.6 12.7 101.2 51.2 56.6 — 19.6 — 36.6 — 0.5
Mississippi 44.9 — 66.5 16.5 21.2 70.1 — 58.8 — 22.7 — — — —
Missouri 59.8 0.5 33.5 7.5 7.6 85.1 28.8 45.7 — 19.6 — 36.2 12.2 —
Montana 81.7 100.8 — 21.2 — — 40.0 69.4 — 21.2 — 39.2 — —
Nebraska 59.6 0.7 16.8 5.6 3.1 83.3 43.2 61.7 — 23.9 — 44.8 — 1.4
Nevada 42.4 — 46.4 6.7 20.5 — 18.3 56.9 70.7 29.1 12.4 24.0 — 12.7
New Hampshire 6.5 3.6 43.8 84.3 — 99.9 27.2 46.1 — 18.6 — 26.0 — —
New Jersey 32.5 0.6 41.0 10.6 19.8 93.5 4.9 71.7 — 16.4 — 32.5 9.6 21.8
New Mexico 73.5 — 60.8 17.2 21.2 — 16.7 32.9 62.5 27.6 — 37.5 — 3.0
New York — 1.4 54.6 17.9 12.8 92.6 68.6 71.5 — 16.5 — 23.8 7.2 3.8
North Carolina 25.0 0.2 76.6 13.4 44.8 94.5 26.6 54.7 — 21.5 — 29.5 0.1 1.6
North Dakota 72.2 0.2 — 24.4 — — 40.1 4.5 — — — 42.9 — —
Ohio 56.0 18.3 81.3 12.7 33.2 90.0 56.8 49.8 — 21.9 — 32.8 — 4.4
Oklahoma 32.5 0.5 35.7 12.9 11.1 — 23.9 68.0 — 20.0 — 37.7 3.5 —
Oregon — 0.3 61.3 2.8 — — 42.7 42.4 104.7 23.9 — 23.7 — 7.1
Pennsylvania 31.8 0.6 73.3 24.0 13.8 95.6 32.6 62.5 — 17.3 — 27.9 18.4 19.0
Rhode Island — 0.6 44.9 69.9 31.1 — 31.2 62.2 — 17.0 — 30.9 — 72.9
South Carolina 32.3 0.5 66.4 15.8 38.4 94.0 18.7 46.8 — 22.9 — — 14.3 1.3
South Dakota 45.1 1.5 29.7 7.1 57.2 — 30.4 67.1 — 23.6 — 42.5 — —
Tennessee 31.8 0.2 62.7 7.8 45.1 90.0 40.3 39.0 — 24.8 — 5.8 13.6 —
Texas 54.0 4.1 54.6 31.7 16.0 95.4 9.9 51.0 — 25.3 — 35.2 — 2.8
Utah 56.0 0.4 61.0 24.3 5.6 — 26.2 65.8 74.8 29.2 — 21.2 — —
Vermont — 0.5 — — — — 39.3 59.1 — 17.0 — 31.1 — 7.1
Virginia 16.3 1.0 56.8 9.9 7.8 90.2 15.0 63.4 — 21.5 — 48.4 16.7 0.7
Washington 60.6 0.7 57.9 20.5 34.0 97.7 42.0 53.1 — 14.8 — 27.3 0.6 1.8
West Virginia 46.3 0.1 — 16.4 50.8 — 55.2 36.4 — — — 27.0 — 3.0
Wisconsin 47.6 4.8 63.2 9.6 19.2 96.2 55.9 37.9 — 16.9 — 28.2 — —
Wyoming 63.5 1.2 32.8 42.7 26.8 — 27.7 — — 23.1 — 37.1 — —

United States		 48.4 5.4 56.6 12.9 15.6 92.7 36.3 58.7 69.0 24.4 23.1 35.9 11.1 6.4
aCapacity factors are a measure of how often electric generators operate over a specific period of time,
using a ratio of actual output (net generation) to the maximum possible output over that same time period
(using time-adjusted capacity). A small number of operating generators can lead to volatile capacity factor
values, including capacity factors exceeding 100%.		 — = Not applicable.
bUsage factors are a measure of how often electric generators operate over a specific period of time,
using a ratio of actual output (gross generation) to the maximum possible output over that same time period
(using time-adjusted capacity).		 Where shown, (s) = Percent value less than 0.05.
cDistillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, waste oil, and
propane.		 Note: Data are for utility-scale facilities only.
dWood and wood-derived fuels, municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,
agricultural byproducts, and other biomass.		 Data Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, State Energy Data System. See Technical Notes.
http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/
eSolar photovoltaic (PV) energy at utility-scale facilities. Excludes small-scale solar photovoltaic
generators.