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Table ET1. Primary energy, electricity, and total energy price and expenditure estimates, 1970-2022, United States

Table ET1. Primary energy, electricity, and total energy price and expenditure estimates, 1970-2022, United States







Year		 Primary energy


Electric
power
sector i,k,l




Electricity m



Total
energy h,i,j
Coal Coal coke

Natural
gas a		 Petroleum

Nuclear
fuel		 Biomass


Total h,i,j,k
Coking
coal		 Steam
coal
Total
Exports
Imports		 Distillate
fuel oil b
HGL c		 Jet
fuel d		 Motor
gasoline e		 Residual
fuel oil
Other f
Total		 Wood and
waste g,h
Prices in dollars per million Btu
1970 0.45 0.36 0.38 1.27 0.93 0.59 1.16 1.45 0.73 2.85 0.42 1.38 1.72 0.18 1.34 1.08 0.32 4.98 1.65
1971 0.52 0.40 0.42 1.20 1.17 0.63 1.22 1.48 0.77 2.90 0.58 1.45 1.79 0.18 1.36 1.15 0.38 5.30 1.76
1972 0.59 0.41 0.45 1.01 1.01 0.68 1.22 1.51 0.79 2.88 0.62 1.49 1.78 0.18 1.38 1.18 0.42 5.54 1.84
1973 0.68 0.43 0.48 0.96 1.47 0.73 1.46 2.03 0.92 3.10 0.75 1.58 1.97 0.19 1.44 1.29 0.47 5.86 2.02
1974 1.36 0.77 0.88 1.37 2.20 0.89 2.44 2.85 1.58 4.32 1.82 2.60 3.06 0.20 1.55 1.95 0.87 7.42 2.87
1975 1.65 0.90 1.03 2.37 3.47 1.18 2.60 3.02 2.05 4.65 1.93 2.94 3.35 0.24 1.55 2.19 0.97 8.61 3.33
1976 1.65 0.91 1.04 2.05 3.41 1.46 2.77 3.27 2.25 4.84 1.90 3.08 3.47 0.25 1.58 2.34 1.03 9.13 3.57
1977 1.72 1.00 1.11 2.32 3.06 1.76 3.11 3.74 2.59 5.13 2.14 3.27 3.73 0.27 1.63 2.58 1.17 10.11 3.98
1978 1.94 1.17 1.27 2.87 2.90 1.95 3.26 3.70 2.87 5.24 2.08 3.45 3.84 0.30 1.66 2.72 1.27 10.92 4.23
1979 1.89 1.27 1.36 2.26 3.45 2.31 4.69 4.60 3.90 7.11 2.83 4.70 5.24 0.34 1.93 3.47 1.50 11.78 5.22
1980 2.10 1.38 1.46 2.54 3.19 2.86 6.70 5.78 6.36 9.84 3.88 7.04 7.41 0.43 2.26 4.58 1.77 13.95 6.89
1981 2.34 1.56 1.64 2.55 3.28 3.43 8.03 6.35 7.57 10.94 4.91 8.67 8.69 0.48 2.52 5.25 2.04 16.14 8.04
1982 2.43 1.67 1.73 2.49 3.10 4.23 7.78 6.86 7.23 10.39 4.65 7.87 8.41 0.54 2.60 5.33 2.05 18.16 8.47
1983 2.14 1.67 1.70 2.76 2.25 4.72 7.32 7.41 6.53 9.12 4.50 7.65 7.79 0.58 2.44 5.12 2.02 18.62 8.40
1984 2.09 1.67 1.70 2.68 3.27 4.75 7.37 7.17 6.25 8.89 4.75 7.78 7.70 0.67 2.53 5.04 2.02 18.50 8.30
1985 2.03 1.66 1.68 2.76 2.99 4.61 7.22 6.82 5.91 9.01 4.30 7.62 7.65 0.71 2.47 4.93 1.91 19.05 8.38
1986 1.90 1.59 1.60 2.63 3.11 4.07 5.68 6.65 3.92 6.79 2.37 6.05 5.77 0.70 2.12 3.98 1.60 19.05 7.32
1987 1.74 1.51 1.52 3.37 2.40 3.77 5.97 6.24 4.03 7.23 2.86 6.02 6.09 0.71 2.07 4.02 1.57 18.74 7.36
1988 1.79 1.47 1.49 2.85 2.90 3.78 5.83 6.06 3.80 7.33 2.35 5.64 5.96 0.73 2.09 3.91 1.49 18.68 7.29
1989 1.78 1.46 1.47 2.98 3.79 3.82 6.43 5.69 4.39 8.02 2.72 6.01 6.49 0.70 1.42 4.09 1.51 18.98 7.59
1990 1.79 1.47 1.48 3.53 3.80 3.82 7.68 7.00 5.68 9.12 3.17 6.48 7.56 0.67 1.32 4.49 1.48 19.32 8.29
1991 1.83 1.46 1.48 2.86 3.41 3.74 7.29 7.06 4.83 8.93 2.62 6.32 7.28 0.63 1.39 4.31 1.40 19.84 8.25
1992 1.83 1.43 1.44 2.78 3.35 3.83 7.09 6.40 4.52 8.96 2.28 5.93 7.13 0.59 1.32 4.26 1.38 20.06 8.16
1993 1.79 1.40 1.42 2.88 3.22 4.10 7.08 6.43 4.29 8.89 2.26 5.83 7.08 0.56 1.28 4.28 1.40 20.38 8.29
1994 1.73 1.37 1.39 2.46 3.31 4.08 7.00 6.76 3.95 8.99 2.32 5.74 7.11 0.56 1.39 4.29 1.36 20.33 8.33
1995 1.76 1.34 1.36 2.71 3.43 3.73 6.98 6.67 4.00 9.24 2.46 5.98 7.33 0.54 1.40 4.24 1.29 20.29 8.31
1996 1.77 1.31 1.33 2.20 3.87 4.25 7.88 8.18 4.82 9.86 2.80 6.36 8.05 0.51 1.25 4.64 1.35 20.16 8.77
1997 1.79 1.29 1.31 2.64 3.25 4.53 7.67 7.57 4.53 9.83 2.93 6.26 7.92 0.51 1.15 4.68 1.38 20.13 8.83
1998 1.69 1.27 1.29 3.73 3.07 4.13 6.58 6.09 3.35 8.47 2.15 5.24 6.68 0.50 1.27 4.09 1.32 19.80 8.22
1999 1.69 1.24 1.26 3.88 2.83 4.16 7.20 6.77 4.01 9.32 2.51 5.89 7.42 0.48 1.34 4.40 1.33 19.52 8.58
2000 1.67 1.22 1.24 3.64 2.66 5.61 9.87 9.79 6.64 11.91 4.32 7.55 9.90 0.46 1.57 5.72 1.71 20.03 10.33
2001 1.74 1.27 1.28 3.27 3.04 6.87 9.19 9.77 5.72 11.36 3.99 6.93 9.40 0.44 2.08 5.86 1.85 21.41 10.78
2002 1.94 1.28 1.30 3.25 3.04 5.31 8.64 8.30 5.33 10.71 3.91 7.04 8.90 0.43 2.19 5.28 1.54 21.15 10.10
2003 1.93 1.29 1.31 3.88 3.49 7.08 10.03 10.57 6.46 12.36 4.75 7.83 10.36 0.42 1.98 6.29 1.84 21.85 11.44
2004 2.31 1.38 1.41 3.28 7.23 7.91 12.25 12.56 8.93 14.72 4.92 8.68 12.34 0.42 2.17 7.39 2.00 22.38 12.90
2005 3.19 1.57 1.61 3.39 8.92 9.92 16.43 14.95 12.86 17.98 6.65 10.81 15.58 0.43 3.10 9.24 2.61 23.92 15.57
2006 3.54 1.72 1.77 3.19 6.31 9.62 18.62 17.32 14.80 20.40 7.93 13.30 18.02 0.44 3.12 10.23 2.48 26.15 17.40
2007 3.64 1.82 1.87 3.66 7.84 9.31 20.01 19.31 16.01 22.34 8.57 14.97 19.69 0.46 3.34 10.79 2.68 26.84 18.34
2008 4.49 2.14 2.20 4.33 18.76 10.83 26.48 23.92 22.56 26.09 12.61 19.26 24.55 0.47 3.72 13.01 3.21 28.62 21.53
2009 5.43 2.25 2.32 4.17 10.82 7.67 17.13 16.76 12.61 18.97 9.68 16.47 17.32 0.56 3.38 9.50 2.45 28.90 17.26
2010 5.84 2.32 2.41 6.74 13.37 7.37 21.00 19.10 16.32 22.64 11.77 20.37 20.85 0.64 3.56 10.77 2.63 28.92 18.92
2011 6.89 2.43 2.55 8.75 15.71 7.03 27.04 22.82 22.64 28.59 15.68 25.10 26.55 0.68 3.85 12.99 2.65 29.12 21.87
2012 6.59 2.44 [R ] 2.59 8.65 13.64 5.74 27.97 17.10 23.04 29.42 17.31 25.37 26.84 [R ] 0.74 3.62 12.87 2.41 28.98 21.84
2013 5.43 2.40 [R ] 2.51 8.91 8.55 6.44 27.61 16.54 22.12 28.61 16.52 25.34 26.17 0.79 3.77 12.75 2.62 29.64 21.42
2014 4.61 2.42 2.49 9.94 4.73 7.20 26.72 17.68 20.63 27.49 15.06 25.08 25.42 0.75 4.16 12.67 2.80 30.74 21.33
2015 4.16 2.28 2.35 9.28 5.90 5.61 18.60 10.69 12.12 20.22 8.99 19.38 17.95 0.72 3.55 9.49 2.28 30.66 17.31
2016 3.56 2.18 2.23 8.75 5.78 5.06 15.81 10.18 9.83 18.04 6.83 16.77 15.70 0.70 3.27 8.49 2.09 30.26 15.95
2017 4.11 2.12 2.19 9.32 7.11 5.72 18.26 12.70 [R ] 12.09 20.26 8.95 18.01 17.89 0.73 3.28 9.68 2.21 30.88 17.32
2018 4.40 2.11 [R ] 2.20 [R ] 10.53 10.66 5.71 21.83 14.20 [R ] 15.72 22.52 11.84 21.19 20.54 0.70 3.28 10.76 2.33 31.02 18.61
2019 5.01 2.11 2.24 11.29 12.34 5.29 20.90 10.92 [R ] 14.61 21.61 11.33 21.15 19.38 [R ] 0.66 3.36 10.29 2.08 31.05 17.96
2020 4.43 2.02 2.13 10.56 10.22 4.86 [R ] 17.15 9.22 [R ] 9.79 18.01 7.94 18.18 15.97 0.63 2.54 [R ] 8.51 1.84 31.19 16.24 [R ]
2021 4.17 2.11 2.21 10.18 [R ] 10.81 [R ] 7.04 [R ] 22.46 [R ] 15.14 [R ] 14.51 24.80 12.05 22.45 21.80 0.69 3.17 [R ] 11.91 [R ] 3.07 [R ] 32.66 19.98 [R ]
2022 6.82 2.51 2.71 13.79 20.50 9.25 34.61 15.47 26.05 32.41 20.22 30.75 30.11 0.61 4.02 16.24 4.17 36.35 25.66
Expenditures in million dollars
1970 1,175 3,455 4,630 78 4 10,891 6,253 2,395 1,441 31,596 2,046 4,172 47,904 44 452 63,887 -4,357 23,345 82,875
1971 1,163 3,739 4,902 45 5 12,065 6,890 2,483 1,582 33,478 2,933 4,449 51,816 73 461 69,327 -5,491 26,202 90,038
1972 1,379 4,036 5,415 31 5 13,198 7,552 2,834 1,682 35,346 3,458 4,777 55,648 104 492 74,909 -6,551 29,712 98,070
1973 1,724 4,519 6,243 33 40 13,933 9,524 3,883 2,001 39,667 4,667 5,318 65,059 177 518 86,072 -7,952 33,774 111,894
1974 3,284 7,835 11,118 44 193 16,380 15,217 5,256 3,208 54,194 10,547 8,284 96,706 259 560 125,340 -14,558 42,586 153,369
1975 3,692 9,329 13,021 75 156 20,061 15,680 5,224 4,193 59,446 10,374 8,493 103,409 448 548 137,719 -16,545 50,680 171,854
1976 3,740 10,311 14,051 67 111 25,097 18,402 5,995 4,567 64,977 11,648 9,925 115,515 520 639 156,022 -19,078 56,972 193,916
1977 3,579 11,837 15,416 71 139 29,602 22,004 6,842 5,517 70,591 14,381 11,790 131,124 743 714 177,990 -23,715 66,225 220,499
1978 3,703 13,848 17,551 49 411 33,185 23,587 6,649 6,205 74,513 13,747 13,348 138,050 915 804 191,246 -26,125 74,159 239,280
1979 3,920 16,456 20,376 81 340 40,785 32,854 9,392 8,603 95,916 17,656 18,785 183,206 941 987 246,995 -31,472 82,051 297,575
1980 3,753 18,853 22,607 130 52 51,061 40,797 10,929 13,923 124,408 21,573 26,049 237,679 1,189 1,232 314,282 -38,027 98,095 374,350
1981 3,831 22,327 26,159 74 43 60,544 48,200 11,925 15,607 138,138 22,668 28,571 265,109 1,436 1,429 355,720 -44,274 116,455 427,901
1982 2,661 23,688 26,349 61 9 68,292 44,087 12,975 14,974 130,305 17,632 22,447 242,421 1,684 1,510 341,443 -42,354 127,393 426,482
1983 2,128 24,859 26,987 46 2 72,000 41,846 14,151 13,979 115,803 14,099 21,714 221,592 1,859 1,517 325,456 -42,566 134,731 417,622
1984 2,461 26,502 28,963 69 47 77,169 44,668 14,201 15,097 114,429 14,410 22,988 225,792 2,384 1,608 337,579 -44,686 142,420 435,313
1985 2,228 27,259 29,487 77 43 72,938 43,972 13,755 14,747 118,048 11,493 22,272 224,288 2,878 1,597 333,080 -43,970 149,233 438,343
1986 1,825 25,833 27,658 66 25 59,702 35,113 12,847 10,505 91,529 7,486 18,413 175,892 3,061 1,352 269,314 -37,016 151,793 384,091
1987 1,718 25,618 27,336 48 55 58,019 37,729 12,973 11,448 99,864 8,062 18,919 188,994 3,378 1,300 281,124 -38,182 154,685 397,627
1988 2,006 26,154 28,159 77 194 61,089 38,776 12,909 11,318 103,323 7,259 18,002 191,587 4,057 1,378 288,058 -38,553 162,063 411,568
1989 1,934 26,161 28,095 80 217 66,198 43,159 12,271 13,434 112,720 8,357 18,617 208,558 3,939 2,270 310,548 -40,829 169,332 439,051
1990 1,862 26,557 28,419 50 72 65,278 49,335 13,845 17,784 126,558 8,721 21,433 237,677 4,104 1,997 338,588 -40,626 176,691 474,652
1991 1,660 26,361 28,021 56 100 65,956 45,269 15,122 14,609 123,118 6,784 20,087 224,989 4,073 2,165 326,425 -38,752 184,767 472,440
1992 1,587 26,006 27,592 48 174 70,086 45,019 14,307 13,559 125,249 5,585 19,725 223,445 3,802 2,194 328,602 -38,663 186,906 476,845
1993 1,505 26,607 28,112 76 172 77,052 45,732 14,119 13,002 126,560 5,449 19,440 224,302 3,597 2,193 336,059 -40,317 196,532 492,275
1994 1,473 26,107 27,580 60 274 78,581 47,002 16,243 12,474 130,068 5,296 19,605 230,688 3,777 2,521 344,376 -40,351 200,831 504,856
1995 1,558 25,740 27,298 91 325 75,020 47,532 16,197 12,526 136,647 4,676 20,035 237,613 3,810 2,938 347,820 -39,073 205,876 514,624
1996 1,507 26,404 27,911 88 244 86,904 56,455 21,086 15,770 148,344 5,313 21,664 268,631 3,624 2,668 390,839 -41,652 211,105 560,293
1997 1,453 26,710 28,163 83 253 93,382 55,922 19,781 15,000 149,668 5,206 22,994 268,570 3,369 2,425 397,065 -42,947 213,843 567,962
1998 1,304 26,471 27,775 104 292 83,620 48,350 15,241 11,239 132,730 4,280 20,716 232,556 3,555 2,477 351,232 -43,311 218,361 526,283
1999 1,306 25,888 27,194 86 226 84,960 54,564 19,038 13,878 149,260 4,686 23,613 265,039 3,643 2,646 384,902 -44,688 218,413 558,627
2000 1,327 26,632 27,959 103 249 119,094 78,208 27,970 23,781 192,153 8,870 28,421 359,403 3,628 3,174 516,187 -60,053 231,577 687,711
2001 1,247 26,849 28,095 109 191 139,388 75,033 25,543 19,602 185,752 7,266 24,962 338,159 3,524 3,494 515,431 -64,671 245,483 696,242
2002 1,258 27,143 28,401 64 244 111,536 69,284 22,980 17,802 179,796 6,156 25,828 321,846 3,504 4,005 470,595 -54,229 247,598 663,964
2003 1,283 27,971 29,254 70 239 144,489 83,613 28,168 21,096 209,493 8,325 28,813 379,508 3,363 3,599 561,750 -64,672 257,992 755,070
2004 1,499 30,128 31,627 107 1,232 162,843 105,770 34,408 30,219 254,873 9,717 35,444 470,430 3,445 3,692 674,778 -71,701 268,133 871,210
2005 1,964 34,779 36,742 147 780 200,355 143,596 38,874 44,679 312,047 13,951 43,138 596,287 3,469 5,894 845,859 -95,916 295,787 1,045,730
2006 2,132 37,662 39,794 128 636 190,589 164,395 45,355 50,007 357,286 12,432 52,309 681,785 3,637 6,096 924,932 -90,074 323,962 1,158,821
2007 2,175 40,345 42,520 131 478 196,957 177,162 51,081 53,754 389,282 14,129 54,917 740,325 3,871 6,407 993,627 -100,683 340,925 1,233,869
2008 2,606 46,643 [R ] 49,249 [R ] 210 1,676 230,465 220,936 59,610 72,046 438,237 17,949 62,304 871,081 3,976 7,038 1,166,832 [R ] -118,526 [R ] 360,454 1,408,759
2009 2,192 43,441 [R ] 45,632 [R ] 135 93 159,364 131,104 43,052 36,354 317,082 11,284 44,859 583,735 4,680 5,371 800,897 [R ] -84,804 [R ] 350,435 1,066,528
2010 3,239 46,996 [R ] 50,235 [R ] 245 403 161,303 168,183 54,863 [R ] 48,346 376,491 14,382 54,833 717,098 [R ] 5,414 6,893 943,147 [R ] -94,782 [R ] 365,913 1,214,278 [R ]
2011 3,885 46,335 [R ] 50,220 [R ] 210 552 155,944 221,972 64,040 [R ] 66,773 462,435 16,517 63,731 895,467 [R ] 5,621 7,525 1,117,175 [R ] -92,716 [R ] 368,009 1,392,469 [R ]
2012 3,916 41,034 [R ] 44,950 [R ] 209 384 132,830 220,770 49,258 66,845 473,216 14,635 58,766 883,491 [R ] 5,965 7,132 1,076,466 [R ] -82,154 [R ] 360,863 1,355,175
2013 3,346 41,898 [R ] 45,244 [R ] 186 29 151,672 222,206 52,282 [R ] 65,668 467,328 12,034 59,982 879,500 [R ] 6,523 7,935 1,093,431 [R ] -89,096 [R ] 372,068 1,376,403 [R ]
2014 2,796 42,050 [R ] 44,846 [R ] 233 9 174,398 226,833 54,050 [R ] 62,745 452,821 8,861 58,726 864,036 [R ] 6,252 9,032 1,101,360 [R ] -95,800 [R ] 389,872 1,395,432 [R ]
2015 2,340 34,219 [R ] 36,559 [R ] 197 20 140,294 156,260 34,299 [R ] 38,820 342,578 5,328 46,228 623,513 [R ] 5,975 7,554 816,437 [R ] -76,333 [R ] 388,344 1,128,449 [R ]
2016 1,678 29,996 [R ] 31,673 [R ] 217 33 127,618 129,161 32,309 [R ] 32,928 310,961 5,112 39,456 549,927 [R ] 5,857 6,752 [R ] 723,811 [R ] -68,493 [R ] 383,567 1,038,885 [R ]
2017 2,069 28,235 [R ] 30,304 [R ] 280 10 142,072 150,860 41,411 [R ] 42,095 348,456 7,005 42,018 631,844 [R ] 6,135 6,643 818,786 [R ] -69,692 [R ] 387,222 1,136,316 [R ]
2018 2,306 26,897 [R ] 29,203 [R ] 301 31 157,762 190,165 52,674 [R ] 55,549 387,586 8,606 48,096 742,677 [R ] 5,916 6,841 944,264 [R ] -75,615 [R ] 403,349 1,271,998 [R ]
2019 2,578 22,785 [R ] 25,363 [R ] 271 35 150,288 180,226 42,452 [R ] 52,706 370,930 7,151 46,894 700,359 [R ] 5,592 6,731 [R ] 889,952 [R ] -64,852 [R ] 398,774 1,223,875 [R ]
2020 1,830 17,693 [R ] 19,523 [R ] 179 41 134,958 [R ] 136,746 36,385 [R ] 21,863 268,098 3,798 37,817 504,707 [R ] 5,195 4,703 [R ] 670,705 [R ] -53,959 [R ] 390,934 1,007,680 [R ]
2021 2,103 21,167 [R ] 23,271 [R ] 526 [R ] 31 194,617 [R ] 193,576 [R ] 63,948 [R ] 41,143 403,022 8,687 48,276 758,652 [R ] 5,601 [R ] 5,905 [R ] 989,877 [R ] -92,203 [R ] 419,304 1,316,978 [R ]
2022 3,132 23,656 26,787 793 34 269,473 304,360 61,113 84,100 526,258 15,277 61,091 1,052,199 4,890 7,346 1,363,794 -126,113 481,757 1,719,438
aIncludes supplemental gaseous fuels that are commingled with natural gas. jFor 1981 through 1992, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline that is not included in the motor gasoline column.
bBeginning in 2009, includes biodiesel blended into distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 2011, includes renewable diesel blended into
distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 2021, includes biodiesel and renewable diesel product supplied.		 kElectricity imports are included in total primary energy and electric power sector but are not shown separately.
cHydrocarbon gas liquids, include natural gas liquids and refinery olefins. lExpenditures for fuels purchased for electric power generation, included in the expenditure columns for the primary energy
sources, are shown as negative expenditures because they need to be removed from total energy expenditures, to avoid double
counting.
dThrough 2004, includes kerosene-type and naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005, includes kerosene-type jet fuel only;
naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other petroleum."		 mElectricity sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other energy service providers.
eBeginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline. Where shown, R = Revised data.
fIncludes asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants, petroleum coke, and the “other petroleum products”
category. See Technical Notes, Section 4.		 Note: Expenditure totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
gWood, wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste. Prior to 2001, includes non-biomass waste. Web Page: All data are available at https://www.eia.gov/state/seds/seds-data-complete.php.
hThere is a discontinuity in this time series between 1988 and 1989 due to the expanded coverage of the use of wood and biomass
waste beginning in 1989.		 Data Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, State Energy Data System. See Technical Notes.
http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/
iThere are no direct fuel costs for hydroelectric, geothermal, solar, or wind energy.