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Table ET5. Industrial sector energy price and expenditure estimates, 1970-2022, United States

Table ET5. Industrial sector energy price and expenditure estimates, 1970-2022, United States







Year		 Primary energy




Electricity i



Total
energy f,g,h
Coal Coal coke

Natural
gas a		 Petroleum Biomass


Total f,g,h
Coking
coal		 Steam
coal
Total
Exports
Imports		 Distillate
fuel oil
HGL b		 Motor
gasoline c		 Residual
fuel oil
Other d
Total		 Wood and
waste e,f
Prices in dollars per million Btu
1970 0.45 0.44 0.45 1.27 0.93 0.38 0.72 1.14 2.86 0.46 1.13 0.98 1.66 0.62 2.99 0.84
1971 0.52 0.47 0.50 1.20 1.17 0.41 0.75 1.21 2.91 0.62 1.20 1.06 1.66 0.68 3.22 0.93
1972 0.59 0.51 0.55 1.01 1.01 0.46 0.75 1.23 2.87 0.60 1.24 1.06 1.67 0.72 3.40 0.99
1973 0.68 0.53 0.63 0.96 1.47 0.50 0.92 1.37 3.13 0.73 1.33 1.19 1.67 0.80 3.66 1.10
1974 1.36 0.99 1.22 1.37 2.20 0.67 2.02 2.53 4.31 1.82 2.31 2.26 1.67 1.39 4.95 1.78
1975 1.65 1.28 1.50 2.37 3.47 0.95 2.23 2.64 4.65 1.91 2.64 2.48 1.67 1.68 6.07 2.21
1976 1.65 1.25 1.50 2.05 3.41 1.21 2.38 2.84 4.87 1.90 2.81 2.59 1.67 1.85 6.48 2.44
1977 1.72 1.31 1.56 2.32 3.06 1.48 2.68 3.34 5.16 2.15 3.03 2.87 1.67 2.12 7.33 2.79
1978 1.94 1.46 1.73 2.87 2.90 1.66 2.82 3.32 5.27 2.12 3.19 2.98 1.68 2.27 8.18 3.05
1979 1.89 1.55 1.75 2.26 3.45 1.96 3.85 4.24 7.16 2.76 4.36 4.02 1.68 2.85 8.94 3.64
1980 2.10 1.56 1.87 2.54 3.19 2.52 5.54 5.40 9.82 3.69 6.59 5.79 1.67 3.78 10.81 4.72
1981 2.34 1.75 2.06 2.55 3.28 3.07 6.52 6.03 10.89 4.48 8.08 6.91 1.67 4.41 12.57 5.53
1982 2.43 1.84 2.09 2.49 3.10 3.80 6.61 6.50 10.43 4.46 7.17 6.58 1.67 4.67 14.51 6.08
1983 2.14 1.75 1.91 2.76 2.25 4.10 6.58 7.04 9.25 4.38 7.00 6.67 1.67 4.72 14.54 6.24
1984 2.09 1.75 1.89 2.68 3.27 4.13 6.54 6.84 8.98 4.73 7.04 6.66 1.67 4.69 14.16 6.15
1985 2.03 1.70 1.83 2.76 2.99 3.87 6.26 6.22 9.07 4.24 6.90 6.40 1.67 4.47 14.57 6.06
1986 1.90 1.62 1.72 2.63 3.11 3.20 4.04 6.14 6.80 2.47 5.32 5.04 1.65 3.67 14.45 5.39
1987 1.74 1.51 1.60 3.37 2.40 2.88 4.51 5.63 7.25 2.86 5.31 5.12 1.65 3.55 13.98 5.21
1988 1.79 1.51 1.62 2.85 2.90 2.90 4.14 5.45 7.32 2.34 4.85 4.77 1.65 3.39 13.78 5.05
1989 1.78 1.50 1.61 2.98 3.79 2.93 4.82 4.44 8.05 2.75 5.18 4.87 1.20 3.31 13.85 4.97
1990 1.79 1.52 1.62 3.53 3.80 2.95 5.90 5.95 9.15 3.10 5.64 5.73 0.99 3.66 13.92 5.30
1991 1.83 1.52 1.63 2.86 3.41 2.80 5.30 6.01 8.95 2.44 5.43 5.54 1.14 3.54 14.18 5.25
1992 1.83 1.51 1.62 2.78 3.35 2.91 5.17 5.43 8.94 2.46 5.08 5.17 1.13 3.47 14.18 5.18
1993 1.79 1.47 1.58 2.88 3.22 3.12 5.09 5.41 8.88 2.41 5.02 5.09 1.12 3.50 14.22 5.21
1994 1.73 1.49 1.57 2.46 3.31 3.09 4.88 5.88 8.99 2.50 4.93 5.18 1.15 3.53 14.00 5.19
1995 1.76 1.48 1.58 2.71 3.43 2.80 4.87 5.81 9.19 2.75 5.21 5.34 1.21 3.42 13.68 5.01
1996 1.77 1.46 1.57 2.20 3.87 3.30 5.80 7.28 9.84 3.25 5.64 6.18 1.01 3.94 13.49 5.44
1997 1.79 1.47 1.58 2.64 3.25 3.53 5.44 6.54 9.82 3.03 5.57 5.87 1.01 3.95 13.29 5.39
1998 1.69 1.45 1.53 3.73 3.07 3.16 4.22 4.97 8.44 2.25 4.54 4.65 1.24 3.39 13.13 4.94
1999 1.69 1.44 1.53 3.88 2.83 3.21 4.92 5.76 9.24 2.62 5.15 5.32 1.38 3.71 12.98 5.20
2000 1.67 1.41 1.50 3.64 2.66 4.60 7.66 8.68 11.90 4.22 6.83 7.57 1.43 5.12 13.60 6.50
2001 1.74 1.50 1.58 3.27 3.04 5.71 7.01 8.16 11.35 3.85 6.09 7.02 1.95 5.45 14.78 6.96
2002 1.94 1.58 1.69 3.25 3.04 4.48 6.33 7.04 10.71 3.87 6.34 6.68 2.11 4.87 14.30 6.37
2003 1.93 1.54 1.67 3.88 3.49 6.20 7.63 9.22 12.30 4.83 7.14 7.99 1.63 6.05 14.97 7.53
2004 2.31 1.75 1.92 3.28 7.23 7.02 10.07 11.37 14.64 4.95 8.10 9.55 1.79 7.19 15.38 8.51
2005 3.19 2.14 2.47 3.39 8.92 9.08 14.27 13.62 17.93 6.98 10.20 12.07 2.73 9.14 16.77 10.42
2006 3.54 2.34 2.72 3.19 6.31 8.77 16.44 16.26 20.34 8.16 12.49 14.47 2.65 10.10 18.02 11.42
2007 3.64 2.43 2.82 3.66 7.84 8.29 18.01 18.20 22.34 9.26 13.96 16.14 2.51 10.60 18.71 11.98
2008 4.49 2.85 3.38 4.33 18.76 10.06 24.68 22.60 26.02 12.97 18.26 20.93 2.83 13.27 20.34 14.51
2009 5.43 2.97 3.69 4.17 10.82 6.46 14.77 14.45 18.90 9.25 15.08 14.85 2.62 9.46 20.05 11.37
2010 5.84 2.94 3.93 6.74 13.37 6.17 18.55 17.35 22.72 11.94 18.78 18.26 2.67 10.52 19.89 12.14
2011 6.89 3.24 4.55 8.75 15.71 5.96 24.83 21.41 28.66 16.02 23.39 23.03 2.77 12.32 20.02 13.67
2012 6.59 3.30 4.59 8.65 13.64 4.91 25.38 15.46 29.55 17.48 23.13 20.81 2.63 10.91 19.60 12.42
2013 5.43 3.22 4.10 8.91 8.55 5.46 24.83 14.74 28.72 17.40 23.57 20.37 2.59 10.94 20.26 12.52
2014 4.61 3.17 3.74 9.94 4.73 6.36 23.49 14.89 27.58 16.41 23.06 20.03 3.14 11.05 20.86 12.72
2015 4.16 3.09 3.53 9.28 5.90 4.86 14.93 8.49 20.40 9.87 16.54 12.95 3.04 7.75 20.33 9.88
2016 3.56 2.88 3.15 8.75 5.78 4.27 12.37 8.15 18.14 7.39 13.96 [R ] 11.32 [R ] 2.94 6.81 19.91 9.02 [R ]
2017 4.11 2.83 3.37 9.32 7.11 4.83 14.89 10.47 [R ] 20.36 9.81 15.34 [R ] 13.35 2.87 7.89 20.23 9.95
2018 4.40 2.84 3.53 10.53 10.66 4.85 18.00 12.02 22.68 11.17 18.59 [R ] 15.59 [R ] 2.64 8.78 20.35 10.66
2019 5.01 2.94 3.89 11.29 12.34 4.60 16.70 8.62 [R ] 21.85 11.12 18.25 [R ] 13.51 [R ] 2.64 7.92 [R ] 20.04 9.90 [R ]
2020 4.43 2.79 3.51 10.56 10.22 4.07 [R ] 11.97 7.25 [R ] 18.33 8.23 15.36 10.81 [R ] 2.15 6.60 19.62 8.71 [R ]
2021 4.17 2.80 3.47 10.18 [R ] 10.81 [R ] 5.87 [R ] 17.43 13.21 [R ] 25.14 12.41 19.48 [R ] 16.11 [R ] 2.71 9.70 [R ] 21.05 11.56 [R ]
2022 6.82 3.60 5.10 13.79 20.50 8.20 28.31 12.92 32.87 19.62 26.97 20.42 2.92 12.48 24.41 14.50
Expenditures in million dollars
1970 1,175 907 2,082 78 4 2,625 866 1,046 824 635 2,698 6,069 381 11,081 5,624 16,706
1971 1,163 808 1,971 45 5 3,019 934 1,113 799 863 2,954 6,663 389 12,003 6,256 18,259
1972 1,379 833 2,212 31 5 3,335 1,012 1,311 728 902 3,227 7,180 420 13,121 7,173 20,294
1973 1,724 804 2,527 33 40 3,936 1,320 1,566 799 1,156 3,759 8,600 441 15,512 8,284 23,795
1974 3,284 1,420 4,704 44 193 4,971 2,642 2,882 1,014 2,644 6,226 15,408 437 25,669 11,184 36,853
1975 3,692 1,806 5,498 75 156 5,844 2,907 2,760 1,039 2,367 6,470 15,544 400 27,367 13,760 41,127
1976 3,740 1,709 5,448 67 111 7,484 3,549 3,184 1,028 2,886 7,738 18,384 460 31,821 16,083 47,904
1977 3,579 1,781 5,360 71 139 8,958 4,451 3,747 1,014 3,456 9,522 22,190 484 37,060 18,956 56,016
1978 3,703 2,019 5,722 49 411 10,114 4,783 3,679 936 2,965 10,839 23,203 533 39,934 21,798 61,732
1979 3,920 2,327 6,247 81 340 12,110 6,664 6,712 1,156 3,867 15,306 33,705 534 52,856 24,797 77,653
1980 3,753 2,135 5,888 130 52 16,350 7,232 7,967 1,553 4,175 21,837 42,765 529 65,453 28,863 94,316
1981 3,831 2,610 6,441 74 43 20,432 8,983 8,789 1,741 4,086 23,572 47,171 558 74,574 34,007 108,581
1982 2,661 2,640 5,301 61 9 20,504 8,599 9,656 1,442 4,025 18,119 41,841 540 68,139 35,364 103,503
1983 2,128 2,606 4,735 46 2 21,461 7,477 10,064 1,039 2,908 17,022 38,510 610 65,276 37,017 102,293
1984 2,461 2,902 5,363 69 47 23,763 7,815 10,782 1,436 3,647 17,880 41,561 622 71,293 39,050 110,343
1985 2,228 2,838 5,066 77 43 21,615 6,977 9,804 1,978 2,815 17,396 38,970 619 66,246 40,190 106,436
1986 1,825 2,728 4,553 66 25 16,479 4,649 9,218 1,402 1,574 14,118 30,961 639 52,599 39,271 91,871
1987 1,718 2,536 4,254 48 55 15,909 5,117 9,079 1,491 1,436 14,604 31,726 636 52,541 39,109 91,650
1988 2,006 2,567 4,573 77 194 17,257 4,656 9,071 1,413 1,082 13,530 29,752 662 52,369 40,507 92,877
1989 1,934 2,531 4,465 80 217 18,770 5,478 7,274 1,601 924 14,085 29,361 1,323 54,065 42,255 96,320
1990 1,862 2,593 4,455 50 72 19,348 6,773 8,916 1,695 1,070 16,798 35,252 906 59,993 43,358 103,350
1991 1,660 2,566 4,226 56 100 18,912 5,694 9,828 1,730 653 15,552 33,458 1,034 57,685 44,201 101,886
1992 1,587 2,477 4,063 48 174 20,553 5,704 9,433 1,737 793 15,250 32,917 1,079 58,754 45,474 104,228
1993 1,505 2,440 3,945 76 172 22,367 5,672 9,062 1,583 916 14,882 32,115 1,146 59,669 45,726 105,396
1994 1,473 2,455 3,928 60 274 22,556 5,397 11,028 1,724 893 15,043 34,086 1,279 62,063 46,257 108,319
1995 1,558 2,379 3,936 91 325 21,487 5,473 11,061 1,836 778 15,446 34,594 1,699 61,951 45,402 107,353
1996 1,507 2,322 3,829 88 244 26,167 6,857 14,347 1,965 913 17,038 41,121 1,432 72,705 46,102 118,807
1997 1,453 2,322 3,775 83 253 28,411 6,512 13,235 2,077 732 18,031 40,587 1,435 74,379 45,610 119,990
1998 1,304 2,151 3,455 104 292 24,515 5,084 9,646 1,681 425 15,761 32,597 1,600 62,355 45,634 107,989
1999 1,306 2,037 3,344 86 226 24,079 5,823 12,290 1,400 447 18,222 38,182 1,786 67,530 45,429 112,960
2000 1,327 2,061 3,389 103 249 34,624 9,158 18,555 1,785 867 22,692 53,058 1,888 93,104 47,859 140,963
2001 1,247 2,220 3,467 109 191 38,596 9,055 15,757 3,343 629 19,349 48,133 2,216 92,495 48,519 141,013
2002 1,258 2,160 3,418 64 244 31,199 7,586 14,627 3,302 619 20,407 46,541 2,592 83,930 46,606 130,535
2003 1,283 2,128 3,411 70 239 41,168 8,879 17,928 3,978 966 23,113 54,863 1,943 101,555 49,962 151,517
2004 1,499 2,437 3,936 107 1,232 47,463 12,167 23,385 5,431 1,163 29,029 71,176 1,926 125,626 51,491 177,117
2005 1,964 2,861 4,824 147 780 55,299 17,945 26,248 6,354 1,867 35,366 87,780 3,458 151,995 56,229 208,225
2006 2,132 3,068 5,200 128 636 52,570 20,647 32,858 7,608 1,849 43,322 106,283 3,514 168,076 59,764 227,840
2007 2,175 3,078 5,253 131 478 51,126 22,573 36,735 6,739 1,700 45,612 113,358 3,190 173,275 62,934 236,209
2008 2,606 3,444 6,050 210 1,676 61,877 33,201 39,333 6,367 2,408 52,810 134,118 3,408 206,920 67,102 274,022
2009 2,192 2,945 5,136 135 93 36,304 15,810 26,802 4,490 1,134 36,280 84,516 2,303 128,218 59,816 188,034
2010 3,239 3,150 6,389 245 403 38,533 21,331 38,128 5,895 1,365 43,931 110,651 [R ] 3,160 158,891 62,767 221,657
2011 3,885 3,246 7,131 210 552 37,972 30,583 46,383 7,287 2,086 51,534 137,873 3,418 186,736 [R ] 64,566 251,302 [R ]
2012 3,916 3,042 6,958 209 384 32,173 32,153 36,262 7,457 1,164 47,685 124,722 [R ] 3,320 167,347 62,937 230,284
2013 3,346 2,990 6,336 186 29 36,513 31,311 37,429 7,542 793 48,781 125,856 [R ] 3,410 171,957 64,944 236,902 [R ]
2014 2,796 2,920 5,716 233 9 44,291 31,997 35,737 [R ] 5,793 634 46,939 121,100 [R ] 4,135 175,017 67,630 242,648 [R ]
2015 2,340 2,523 4,863 197 20 33,579 17,377 22,133 [R ] 5,260 310 34,366 79,445 3,946 121,657 [R ] 65,169 186,825
2016 1,678 2,117 3,795 217 33 30,300 14,239 21,062 4,753 375 28,528 [R ] 68,957 [R ] 3,766 106,633 [R ] 63,126 169,759 [R ]
2017 2,069 1,960 4,029 280 10 35,344 17,866 27,886 [R ] 5,382 475 31,659 [R ] 83,268 [R ] 3,571 125,942 [R ] 64,590 190,533 [R ]
2018 2,306 1,853 4,159 301 31 37,727 22,469 36,253 [R ] 6,111 466 37,159 [R ] 102,458 [R ] 3,363 147,437 [R ] 66,147 213,584 [R ]
2019 2,578 1,771 4,349 271 35 35,674 20,065 26,981 [R ] 5,824 453 36,004 [R ] 89,327 [R ] 3,276 132,391 [R ] 65,321 197,712 [R ]
2020 1,830 1,465 3,296 179 41 30,578 [R ] 12,735 23,528 [R ] 4,933 262 28,326 [R ] 69,783 [R ] 2,577 106,097 [R ] 61,250 167,346 [R ]
2021 2,103 1,493 3,597 526 [R ] 31 44,915 [R ] 20,626 46,424 [R ] 6,642 566 37,135 [R ] 111,393 [R ] 3,284 [R ] 162,694 [R ] 68,816 231,510 [R ]
2022 3,132 1,897 5,028 793 34 63,628 33,869 41,768 9,085 916 46,924 132,562 3,378 203,838 81,403 285,241
aIncludes supplemental gaseous fuels that are commingled with natural gas. hFor 1981 through 1992, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline that is not included in the motor gasoline column.
bHydrocarbon gas liquids, include natural gas liquids and refinery olefins. iElectricity sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other energy service providers.
cBeginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline. There is a discontinuity in the expenditure series
between 2014 and 2015 because of changes in consumption estimates from the source. See Consumption Technical Notes,
Section 4.		 Where shown, R = Revised data.
dIncludes asphalt and road oil, kerosene, lubricants, petroleum coke, and the “other petroleum products” category. See
Technical Notes, Section 4.		 Notes: · Expenditure totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. · The industrial sector includes
industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.
eWood, wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste. Prior to 2001, includes non-biomass waste. Web Page: All data are available at https://www.eia.gov/state/seds/seds-data-complete.php.
fThere is a discontinuity in this time series between 1988 and 1989 due to the expanded coverage of the use of wood and
biomass waste beginning in 1989.		 Data Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, State Energy Data System. See Technical Notes.
http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/
gThere are no direct fuel costs for hydroelectric, geothermal, solar, or wind energy.