Wyoming State Energy Profile



Wyoming Quick Facts

  • Wyoming produces 13 times more energy than it consumes, and it is the second-biggest net energy supplier among the states, after Texas.
  • Wyoming has been the top coal-producing state since 1986, accounting for about two-fifths of all coal mined in the United States in 2020. The state holds nearly two-fifths of U.S. coal reserves at producing mines.
  • Wyoming was the eighth-largest crude oil-producing state in the nation in 2021, accounting for slightly more than 2% of U.S. total crude oil output. The state was the ninth-largest natural gas producer, and accounted for about 3% of U.S. marketed gas production.
  • Wyoming’s large energy-producing sector and small population help make the state have the highest per capita energy consumption and the second-most energy-intensive state economy, after Louisiana.
  • Wind power in Wyoming has more than doubled since 2019 and accounted for 19% of the state's electricity net generation in 2021. The amount of installed wind power-generating capacity in the state nearly doubled to just over 3,000 megawatts during 2020 and 2021.

Last Updated: April 21, 2022



Data

Last Update: March 16, 2023 | Next Update: April 20, 2023

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Energy Indicators  
Demography Wyoming Share of U.S. Period
Population 0.6 million 0.2% 2021  
Civilian Labor Force 0.3 million 0.2% Jan-23  
Economy Wyoming U.S. Rank Period
Gross Domestic Product $ 41.6 billion 50 2021  
Gross Domestic Product for the Manufacturing Sector $ 2,699 million 48 2021  
Per Capita Personal Income $ 65,627 13 2021  
Vehicle Miles Traveled 9,800 million miles 43 2020  
Land in Farms 29.0 million acres 11 2017  
Climate Wyoming U.S. Rank Period
Average Temperature 41.9 degrees Fahrenheit 46 2022  
Precipitation 14.7 inches 44 2022  
Prices  
Petroleum Wyoming U.S. Average Period find more
Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase $ 74.84 /barrel $ 76.45 /barrel Dec-22  
Natural Gas Wyoming U.S. Average Period find more
City Gate $ 8.97 /thousand cu ft $ 7.68 /thousand cu ft Dec-22 find more
Residential $ 13.67 /thousand cu ft $ 14.75 /thousand cu ft Dec-22 find more
Coal Wyoming U.S. Average Period find more
Average Sales Price $ 12.76 /short ton $ 36.50 /short ton 2021  
Delivered to Electric Power Sector W $ 2.65 /million Btu Dec-22  
Electricity Wyoming U.S. Average Period find more
Residential 10.39 cents/kWh 14.96 cents/kWh Dec-22 find more
Commercial 8.93 cents/kWh 12.42 cents/kWh Dec-22 find more
Industrial 7.40 cents/kWh 8.63 cents/kWh Dec-22 find more
Reserves  
Reserves Wyoming Share of U.S. Period find more
Crude Oil (as of Dec. 31) 978 million barrels 2.4% 2021 find more
Expected Future Production of Dry Natural Gas (as of Dec. 31) 15,005 billion cu ft 2.5% 2021 find more
Expected Future Production of Natural Gas Plant Liquids 563 million barrels 2.2% 2021 find more
Recoverable Coal at Producing Mines 4,403 million short tons 35.8% 2021 find more
Rotary Rigs & Wells Wyoming Share of U.S. Period find more
Natural Gas Producing Wells 19,641 wells 4.1% 2020 find more
Capacity Wyoming Share of U.S. Period
Crude Oil Refinery Capacity (as of Jan. 1) 125,850 barrels/calendar day 0.7% 2022  
Electric Power Industry Net Summer Capacity 10,092 MW 0.9% Dec-22  
Supply & Distribution  
Production Wyoming Share of U.S. Period find more
Total Energy 5,884 trillion Btu 6.1% 2020 find more
Crude Oil 244 thousand barrels per day 2.0% Dec-22 find more
Natural Gas - Marketed 1,109,232 million cu ft 3.0% 2021 find more
Coal 238,773 thousand short tons 41.4% 2021 find more
Total Utility-Scale Net Electricity Generation Wyoming Share of U.S. Period find more
Total Net Electricity Generation 4,047 thousand MWh 1.1% Dec-22  
Utility-Scale Net Electricity Generation (share of total) Wyoming U.S. Average Period
Petroleum-Fired 0.2 % 1.0 % Dec-22 find more
Natural Gas-Fired 4.8 % 38.8 % Dec-22 find more
Coal-Fired 64.3 % 20.1 % Dec-22 find more
Nuclear 0 % 19.0 % Dec-22 find more
Renewables 29.9 % 20.4 % Dec-22  
Stocks Wyoming Share of U.S. Period find more
Motor Gasoline (Excludes Pipelines) 505 thousand barrels 3.9% Dec-22  
Distillate Fuel Oil (Excludes Pipelines) 553 thousand barrels 0.6% Dec-22 find more
Natural Gas in Underground Storage 109,057 million cu ft 1.5% Dec-22 find more
Petroleum Stocks at Electric Power Producers 30 thousand barrels 0.1% Dec-22 find more
Coal Stocks at Electric Power Producers 3,595 thousand tons 4.0% Dec-22 find more
Fueling Stations Wyoming Share of U.S. Period
Motor Gasoline 322 stations 0.3% 2019  
Propane 16 stations 0.6% 2022  
Electricity 85 stations 0.2% 2022  
E85 8 stations 0.2% 2022  
Compressed Natural Gas and Other Alternative Fuels 9 stations 0.3% 2022  
Consumption & Expenditures  
Summary Wyoming U.S. Rank Period
Total Consumption 504 trillion Btu 42 2020 find more
Total Consumption per Capita 874 million Btu 3 2020 find more
Total Expenditures $ 3,869 million 46 2020 find more
Total Expenditures per Capita $ 6,703 1 2020 find more
by End-Use Sector Wyoming Share of U.S. Period
Consumption
    »  Residential 52 trillion Btu 0.3% 2020 find more
    »  Commercial 53 trillion Btu 0.3% 2020 find more
    »  Industrial 292 trillion Btu 0.9% 2020 find more
    »  Transportation 107 trillion Btu 0.4% 2020 find more
Expenditures
    »  Residential $ 506 million 0.2% 2020 find more
    »  Commercial $ 443 million 0.3% 2020 find more
    »  Industrial $ 1,221 million 0.7% 2020 find more
    »  Transportation $ 1,699 million 0.4% 2020 find more
by Source Wyoming Share of U.S. Period
Consumption
    »  Petroleum 26 million barrels 0.4% 2020 find more
    »  Natural Gas 153 billion cu ft 0.5% 2021 find more
    »  Coal 21 million short tons 3.9% 2021 find more
Expenditures
    »  Petroleum $ 2,154 million 0.4% 2020 find more
    »  Natural Gas $ 522 million 0.3% 2021 find more
    »  Coal $ 661 million 2.8% 2021 find more
Consumption for Electricity Generation Wyoming Share of U.S. Period find more
Petroleum 14 thousand barrels 0.2% Dec-22 find more
Natural Gas 1,699 million cu ft 0.2% Dec-22 find more
Coal 1,640 thousand short tons 4.0% Dec-22 find more
Energy Source Used for Home Heating (share of households) Wyoming U.S. Average Period
Natural Gas 59.6 % 46.5 % 2021  
Fuel Oil 0.1 % 4.1 % 2021  
Electricity 23.8 % 41.0 % 2021  
Propane 10.9 % 5.0 % 2021  
Other/None 5.7 % 3.5 % 2021  
Environment  
Renewable Energy Capacity Wyoming Share of U.S. Period find more
Total Renewable Energy Electricity Net Summer Capacity 3,406 MW 1.1% Dec-22  
Ethanol Plant Nameplate Capacity -- -- 2022  
Renewable Energy Production Wyoming Share of U.S. Period find more
Utility-Scale Hydroelectric Net Electricity Generation 61 thousand MWh 0.3% Dec-22  
Utility-Scale Solar, Wind, and Geothermal Net Electricity Generation 1,149 thousand MWh 2.4% Dec-22  
Utility-Scale Biomass Net Electricity Generation 0 thousand MWh 0.0% Dec-22  
Small-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Generation 1 thousand MWh * Dec-22  
Fuel Ethanol Production 0 thousand barrels 0.0% 2020  
Renewable Energy Consumption Wyoming U.S. Rank Period find more
Renewable Energy Consumption as a Share of State Total 13.6 % 20 2020  
Fuel Ethanol Consumption 779 thousand barrels 48 2020  
Total Emissions Wyoming Share of U.S. Period find more
Carbon Dioxide 59.1 million metric tons 1.1% 2019  
Electric Power Industry Emissions Wyoming Share of U.S. Period find more
Carbon Dioxide 36,701 thousand metric tons 2.2% 2021  
Sulfur Dioxide 23 thousand metric tons 2.0% 2021  
Nitrogen Oxide 29 thousand metric tons 2.3% 2021  

Analysis

Last Updated: April 21, 2022

Overview

Wyoming produces 13 times more energy than it consumes, making it the second-biggest net energy supplier among the states.

Wyoming is a major producer of coal, crude oil, and natural gas—the fossil fuels that were created from the remains of life in the ancient seas that covered the state many millions of years ago.1,2,3 Wyoming has the smallest population of any state, and only Alaska has fewer residents per square mile.4 Wyoming produces 13 times more energy than it consumes, making it the second-biggest net energy supplier among the states after Texas.5 Wyoming is the nation's largest coal-producing state. It also produces more natural gas from federal leases than any other state and the second-highest amount of crude oil from onshore federal leases.6,7

Wyoming's lowest elevation is more than half a mile above sea level, and its mountain peaks are more than two miles high. The state's mountains, which form part of the Continental Divide, channel weather—and often fierce winds—across wide plains. The high elevations give Wyoming a cool climate overall, but temperatures can be extreme. The state's record high is 114°F in the Big Horn Basin in 1900, and the record low is 66°F below zero in Yellowstone National Park in 1933.8 National parks, including Yellowstone and Grand Teton, and national monuments like Devils Tower and Fossil Butte, as well as the Wind River and Bighorn mountain ranges, help make tourism one of Wyoming's major industries.9

Mining and oil and natural gas extraction are major contributors to Wyoming's gross domestic product (GDP) and tax revenue.10,11 Coal is mined primarily in the northeastern part of the state in the Powder River Basin.12 Crude oil and natural gas production is spread across the state, and each fossil fuel is produced alone or together in 21 of Wyoming's 23 counties.13 Mineral royalties, severance payments, and related taxes typically provide a substantial portion of state revenues.14 Although less than one-tenth of the energy produced in Wyoming is consumed there, the state's small population and energy-intensive fossil fuel production help make Wyoming first in the nation in per capita energy consumption and give it the second-most energy-intensive state economy, after Louisiana.15,16,17 Wyoming's industrial sector accounts for about three-fifths of the total end-use sector energy consumed in the state, the transportation sector consumes about one-fifth, and the commercial and residential sectors each account for about one-tenth.18

Coal

Wyoming has led the nation in coal production since 1986.

Wyoming holds almost two-fifths of U.S. recoverable coal reserves at producing mines.19 The state has led the nation in coal production since 1986, and accounts for two-fifths of all coal mined in the United States.20,21,22 Wyoming's coal production declined by about 40% from 2015 to 2020, as U.S. coal-fired power plants shut down and natural gas-fired and renewable-sourced electricity generation increased.23,24,25 In 2021, however, Wyoming's annual coal production increased, as did many coal-producing states' output, after U.S. annual coal-fired generation increased for the first time since 2014 as a result of significantly higher natural gas prices and relatively stable coal prices.26,27

Wyoming has 10 major coal fields and 8 of the 10 largest coal mines in the nation.28,29 Seams of low-sulfur subbituminous coal, some more than 100 feet thick, lie at shallow depths, allowing large-scale mechanized surface mining.30 Nearly all of the coal mined in Wyoming is subbituminous, and the state accounts for almost nine-tenths of all U.S. subbituminous coal production. Subbituminous coal has a lower heating value than other types of coal.31,32 Wyoming also produces some bituminous coal.33 Coal mining began in the state in the mid-1860s when the Union Pacific Railroad arrived.34 Today, most of the mined coal in Wyoming is loaded onto unit trains, which can stretch up to a mile-and-a-half long with about 130 coal cars.35 Wyoming's coal is shipped to 28 states, and power plants in Texas, Missouri, Wyoming, and Illinois are the biggest users of Wyoming's coal.36 Very little of the state's coal is exported to other countries.37

Petroleum

Wyoming holds about 2% of U.S. proved crude oil reserves, and the state is the eighth-largest crude oil producer, accounting for just over 2% of the nation's total crude oil output.38,39 Wyoming is a crossroads for pipelines bringing Canadian and Rocky Mountain crude oil to refineries in the Rocky Mountain and Midwest regions and for pipelines shipping refined petroleum products to markets in those regions.40,41,42 The state has four operating petroleum refineries that can process 129,000 barrels of crude oil per calendar day, providing one-fifth of the refining capacity in the Rocky Mountain region that includes Colorado, Montana, and Utah.43 Wyoming's refineries produce motor gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel, and other petroleum products, and can process Canadian heavy sour crude oils. Those refineries deliver most of their petroleum products to neighboring states.44,45 46,47,48 In 2020, the owners of the 48,000 barrel-per-day refinery in Cheyenne shut down the petroleum facility to convert it to produce renewable diesel.49

Wyoming’s per capita consumption of petroleum is the third-highest among the states.

Wyoming has the sixth-lowest petroleum consumption among the states. However, because of its small population, high vehicle miles traveled, and large energy-intensive fossil fuel extraction industries, Wyoming ranks as the third-highest state in per capita petroleum consumption, after Louisiana and Alaska.50 The transportation sector consumes nearly two-thirds of the petroleum used in Wyoming. The industrial sector accounts for most of the rest, except for a small amount used in the state's residential and commercial sectors.51 Wyoming drivers have the second-highest per capita gasoline expenditures of any state, after North Dakota, which reflects Wyoming's small population, less access to alternative forms of transportation, and high vehicle miles traveled by state residents.52 Wyoming does not require ethanol to be blended into its gasoline, although most gasoline sold throughout the state and the rest of the United States contains at least 10% ethanol.53,54

After reaching its highest level in 30 years in 2019, Wyoming's crude oil production fell sharply in 2020 in response to the drop in petroleum demand and crude oil prices during the COVID-19 pandemic. The state's crude oil production continued to decline in 2021, dropping to the lowest output level since 2017.55,56 Most of the state's recent crude oil production comes from two regions in eastern Wyoming: the Niobrara Shale in the southeastern corner of the state and the Powder River Basin in the northeastern corner.57,58 59 Southwestern Wyoming overlies part of the Green River oil shale, which is a formation rich in kerogen-an organic material found in some sedimentary rocks that can be converted into petroleum liquids when heated. Green River, by some estimates, could be a large source of petroleum if technology were developed to extract the petroleum economically.60,61,62

Natural gas

Wyoming’s natural gas reserves and marketed production are among the top 10 states.

Wyoming ranks among the top 10 states in both natural gas reserves and marketed natural gas production.63,64 Most of the state's natural gas production is on federal lands leased by energy companies.65,66 Production takes place throughout the state, but most of Wyoming's natural gas has come from fields in the Green River Basin, located in the state's southwest corner.67,68,69 Wyoming has 16 of the nation's 100 largest natural gas fields, including the Pinedale and Jonah fields that rank among the top 10.70 Although natural gas exploration has expanded across the state, including into the Powder River Basin, Wyoming's marketed gas production has decreased by almost half from its 2009 peak, due in part to lower natural gas prices. In 2021, the state's natural gas output was the lowest in 21 years, despite a rise in natural gas prices.71,72,73,74 In 2018, the federal government approved a large natural gas project in the basin that would drill 3,500 wells over 10 years.75,76,77 The state imposed requirements to control the emissions from drilling to help improve air quality.78,79,80

Wyoming is the third-largest producer of natural gas from coal beds, behind Colorado and New Mexico, but the state's production steadily declined during the past decade.81,82 Low natural gas prices made some coalbed methane wells uneconomical.83,84 Coalbed methane accounts for about 6% of the state's natural gas production.85

Most natural gas produced in Wyoming leaves the state through interstate pipelines that cross into Utah, Nebraska, Colorado, and Montana, on its way to both Midwest and West Coast markets.86,87 Several interstate pipelines converge at Opal, Wyoming, a major interstate natural gas trading hub.88,89 Some of the natural gas that remains in the state is placed in underground storage. Wyoming has nine natural gas underground storage sites that can hold a combined 156 billion cubic feet of gas, which is about 1.7% of U.S. total storage capacity.90,91

Wyoming consumes about one-tenth of the natural gas it produces. Two-fifths of the state's natural gas consumption is used in the production, processing, and distribution of natural gas. The state's industrial sector accounts for another two-fifths of natural gas use, and the residential, commercial, and electric power sectors together account for the remaining one-fifth.92,93 Natural gas is Wyoming's most widely used home heating fuel, found in 6 out of 10 households.94

Electricity

In 2021, coal-fired power plants produced about 73% of Wyoming's electricity net generation, down from its peak of 97% in 2003. Wind power more than doubled since 2019 and provided 19% of the state's generation in 2021. Natural gas-fired generating units and hydroelectric facilities accounted for most of the rest of Wyoming's in-state electricity supply.95

Wyoming's small population contributes to it being among the 10 states with the lowest total electricity demand, but it has the highest per capita electricity use.96 Wyoming sends almost three-fifths of the electricity it generates out of state.97 Several major interstate transmission line projects are in development to carry more electricity supplies from Wyoming to western population centers.98 Within Wyoming, the industrial sector was the largest electricity consumer in 2021, and accounted for three-fifths of the electricity used in the state. The commercial sector was second and consumed just over one-fifth of the state's electricity, and the residential sector accounted for slightly less than one-fifth of power demand.99 One out of five Wyoming households relies on electricity as the primary heating source.100 In 2021, Wyoming ranked among the five states with the lowest average electricity retail price.101

The largest uranium mining operations in the nation are located in Wyoming.

Wyoming does not have any nuclear power generation, but the state has the largest reserves of uranium ore that provides the fuel used by nuclear power plants.102,103,104 While there is no conventional uranium mining in Wyoming, the state has three operating in-situ recovery plants that extract uranium from underground by dissolving the ore with a solution and pumping it to the surface where the uranium is recovered.105,106,107,108 In 2021, U.S. uranium production fell to an all-time low, as most utility companies bought uranium from other countries.109,110

Renewable energy

Wyoming ranked third among the states in the amount of wind power capacity under construction at the end of 2021.

In 2021, renewable energy sources generated 22% of the electricity in Wyoming, with wind power accounting for more than four-fifths of the state's renewable electricity.111 Wyoming has some of the greatest wind resources in the nation, especially in the southeastern corner of the state.112 Sustained winds are funneled through the state's mountain passes and out across the high prairie, which enables Wyoming wind farms to operate at high capacity levels.113,114 In 2020 and 2021, the amount of wind powered-generating capacity installed in Wyoming nearly doubled to just over 3,000 megawatts.115,116 117 Several more large wind projects are in development or under construction, including the 3,000-megawatt Chokecherry-Sierra Madre project with about 900 turbines in south-central Wyoming. Wyoming ranked third, after Texas and California, in the amount of wind powered-generating capacity under construction at the end of 2021.118,119 120,121,122 There are several large transmission projects in Wyoming to transport the state's wind-generated electricity to other states, including California, that have significant renewable energy requirements.123,124,125

Hydroelectric power is the fourth-largest source of Wyoming's generation, accounting for slightly more than 2% of the state's total generation and almost one-tenth of the state's renewable generation in 2021.126 The state has 16 hydropower dams. Most of Wyoming's hydroelectric generating units are relatively small, more than 70 years old, and owned by the federal government.127

Wyoming has significant solar resources, but there was little solar generation in the state until 2019. Almost all of the state's solar generation comes from the 92-megawatt Sweetwater Solar farm, which came online at the end of 2018 and is the state's only utility-scale solar power facility.128 The large solar power farm and small-scale solar panels on residential rooftops together provided about 2% of the state's renewable generation in 2021.129,130

Wyoming's geothermal resources are used for direct heating applications, mainly in Yellowstone National Park and Hot Springs State Park. Geothermal energy is also used in the state to heat buildings, water, and some roadways.131,132 Wyoming does not have adequate geothermal resources for commercial electricity generation, but the state does have buildings heated by geothermal heat pumps.133

Wyoming does not have a renewable portfolio standard (RPS) or other requirement or goal to generate a certain amount of the state's electricity from renewable energy.134 However, the state provides net metering for residential, commercial, and industrial customers with renewable energy generating systems smaller than 25 kilowatts. Eligible renewable generating systems include solar panels, wind turbines, biomass-fueled generators, and small hydroelectric generators.135

Energy on tribal lands

The Wind River Reservation has produced crude oil and natural gas for over a century.

Wyoming's Wind River Reservation, home to both the Northern Arapahoe and the Eastern Shoshone tribes, is the third-largest Native American reservation in the United States at more than 3,500 square miles.136,137 It is Wyoming's only reservation and occupies most of the Wind River Basin in the west-central area of the state.138,139 The Wind River Reservation has produced crude oil and natural gas for well over a century.140

The state's first oil well was drilled in the Wind River Basin in 1884, south of the reservation's boundary.141 About a half century later, several oil seeps were discovered within the reservation, and crude oil and natural gas production on tribal lands followed.142 Most current crude oil production occurs in the western half of the reservation while most natural gas production occurs in the eastern half.143 In 2012, the Wyoming tribes and the federal government reached a settlement to resolve underpayment of royalties owed on crude oil and natural gas production from reservation land. The settlement included a $157 million payment to the tribes.144,145

There are two utility-scale electricity generating facilities on the reservation. Both are hydroelectric dams; one has a generation capacity of 17 megawatts and the other has 1.6 megawatts. They are owned and operated by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation.146

The Wind River Reservation has significant wind energy resources for potential electricity generation, especially along the mountain ridges that border the reservation.147,148 Several areas of the reservation were evaluated for wind projects that could give the two tribes additional sources of energy.149 The Wind River reservation is also one of the top 15 reservations in the nation with the best potential to generate electricity from solar energy resources.150

Endnotes

1 U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), State Energy Data System, Table P4, Primary Energy Production Estimates in Physical Units, Ranked by State, 2019.
2 Wyoming State Geological Survey, Wyoming's Energy Resources, accessed March 21, 2022.
3 Wyoming State Geological Survey, Geologic History of Wyoming, accessed March 21, 2022.
4 World Population Review, U.S. States-Ranked by Population 2022.
5 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Production, Table P3, Total Primary Energy Production and Total Energy Consumption Estimates in Trillion Btu, 2019.
6 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report 2020 (October 4, 2021), Table 1, Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Mine Type, 2020 and 2019.
7 U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Wyoming Oil and Gas Lease Sales, accessed March 21, 2022.
8 Gray, Steve, "Wicked Wind, Raging Blizzards and Bitter Cold—and That's Just Summer in Wyoming," Community Collaborative Rain, Hail & Snow Network, State Climate Series, accessed March 21, 2022.
9 Forbes, Best States for Business, Wyoming (December 2019).
10 U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Interactive Data, Regional Data, GDP and Personal Income, Annual Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by State, GDP in current dollars, NAICS, Wyoming, All statistics in table, 2020.
11 Petroleum Association of Wyoming, Oil and Gas Facts & Figures 2021, Gross Domestic Production (GDP) by Industry (in millions).
12 Wyoming State Geological Survey, Coal Production & Mining, accessed March 22, 2022.
13 Petroleum Association of Wyoming, Oil and Gas Facts & Figures 2021, Production.
14 State of Wyoming, Department of Revenue, DOR Annual Reports, 2021 Annual Report, Mineral Tax Division, p. 4, 40, 53.
15 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Production, Table P3, Total Primary Energy Production and Total Energy Consumption Estimates in Trillion Btu, 2019.
16 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C14, Total Energy Consumption Estimates per Capita by End-Use Sector, Ranked by State, 2019.
17 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C10, Total Energy Consumption Estimates, Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Energy Consumption Estimates per Real Dollar of GDP, Ranked by State, 2019.
18 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C11, Energy Consumption Estimates by End Use Sector, Ranked by State, 2019.
19 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report 2020 (October 4, 2021), Table 14, Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Mines by State, 2020 and 2019.
20 U.S. EIA, Quarterly Coal Report (April 1, 2022), Table 2, Coal production by state.
21 U.S. EIA, Coal Data Browser, Aggregate coal mine production for all coal (short tons), United States, 2001-20.
22 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data Systems, Table PT1, Primary Energy Production Estimates in Physical Units, Wyoming, 1960-2019.
23 U.S. EIA, Coal Data Browser, Aggregate coal mine production for all coal (short tons), Wyoming, 2015-20.
24 U.S. EIA, "New electric generating capacity in 2020 will come primarily from wind and solar," Today in Energy (January 14, 2020).
25 U.S. EIA, "More power generation came from natural gas in first half of 2020 than first half of 2019," Today in Energy (August 12, 2020).
26 U.S. EIA, Quarterly Coal Report (April 1, 2022), Table 2, Coal production by state.
27 U.S. EIA, "Annual U.S. coal-fired electricity generation will increase for the first time since 2014," Today in Energy (December 21, 2021).
28 Wyoming State Geological Survey, Wyoming Coal, accessed March 22, 2022.
29 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report 2020 (October 4, 2021), Table 9, Major U.S. Coal Mines, 2020.
30 Wyoming Mining Association, Coal, Origin, accessed March 22, 2022.
31 U.S. EIA, Coal Data Browser, Aggregate coal mine production for subbituminous (short tons), U.S. and Wyoming, 2020.
32 U.S. EIA, Energy Explained, Coal Explained, updated October 19, 2021.
33 U.S. EIA, Coal Data Browser, Aggregate coal mine production for bituminous (short tons), U.S. and Wyoming, 2020.
34 Wyoming State Geological Survey, Wyoming Coal, accessed March 22, 2022.
35 Trainfanatics.com, Wyoming Coal Trains Keep Moving Day and Night!, accessed March 22, 2022.
36 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Distribution Report 2020 (October 4, 2021), Domestic distribution of U.S. coal by origin state, consumer, destination, and method of transportation, Wyoming, Table OS-28, Domestic Coal Distribution, by Origin State, 2020.
37 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Distribution Report 2020 (October 4, 2021), Domestic and foreign distribution of U.S. coal by origin state, 2020.
38 U.S. EIA, U.S. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Proved Reserves, Year-end 2020 (January 13, 2022), Table 6, Crude oil plus lease condensate proved reserves, reserves changes, and production, 2020.
39 U.S. EIA, Crude Oil Production, Annual-Thousand Barrels, 2016-21.
40 American Petroleum Institute, Where are the Pipelines? Liquid Pipelines, accessed March 23, 2022.
41 Jeffries, Brian, Update on Natural Gas, NGLs and Crude, Wyoming Pipeline Authority (August 25, 2015), slides 24, 31-33.
42 Wyoming State Geological Survey, Oil & Natural Gas Resources in Wyoming (January 2022), p. 1-2.
43 U.S. EIA, Refinery Capacity Report 2021 (June 25, 2021), Table 1, Number and Capacity of Operable Petroleum Refineries by PAD District and State as of January 1, 2021.
44 U.S. EIA, Refinery Capacity Report 2021 (June 25, 2021), Table 3, Capacity of Operable Petroleum Refineries by State as of January 1, 2021.
45 Silver Eagle Refining, Evanston, Wyoming—Silver Eagle Refining Plant, accessed March 23, 2022.
46 Par Pacific, Wyoming Refining Company, accessed March 23, 2022.
47 Sinclair Oil, Refineries, Sinclair Wyoming Refining Company and Sinclair Casper Wyoming Refining Company, accessed March 23, 2022.
48 HF Sinclair, Renewable Diesel, accessed March 23, 2022.
49 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C15, Petroleum Consumption, Total and per Capita, Ranked by State, 2019.
50 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F16, Total Petroleum Consumption Estimates, 2019.
51 U.S. EIA, Table E20, Motor Gasoline Price and Expenditure Estimates, Ranked by State, 2019.
52 American Petroleum Institute, U.S. Gasoline Requirements (January 2018).
53 U.S. EIA, "New EPA ruling expands sale of 15% ethanol blended motor gasoline," Today in Energy (July 16, 2019).
54 U.S. EIA, Wyoming Field Production of Crude Oil, Annual, 1981-2021.
55 Erickson, Camille, "Wyoming's economy slammed by pandemic, new report shows," Casper Star-Tribune (September 28, 2020).
56 U.S. EIA, State Profile and Energy Estimates, Wyoming, Map, Layers/Legend: Oil and Gas Wells, Tight Oil/Shale Gas Play, accessed March 23, 2022.
57 "New wells boost Wyoming's oil production to highest level in 25 years," World Oil (June 6, 2019).
58 U.S. Government Accountability Office, Opportunities and Challenges of Oil Shale Development, GAO-12-740T (May 10, 2012).
59 Maffly, Brian, "Company Wants to Run Utility Corridor Through Public Land for Oil-Shale Mine in Uinta Basin," The Salt Lake Tribune (April 7, 2016).
60 Maffly, Brian, "Major Utah oil-shale project clears ‘tremendous milestone,' but at what cost to the environment?" The Salt Lake Tribune (October 2, 2018).
61 U.S. EIA, U.S. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Proved Reserves, Year-end 2020 (January 13, 2022), Table 10, Proved reserves, reserves changes, and production of natural gas, wet after lease separation, 2020.
62 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Production, Marketed Production, Annual-Million Cubic Feet, 2016-21.
63 U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Wyoming Oil and Gas Lease Sales, accessed March 23, 2022.
64 U.S. Department of the Interior, Natural Resources Revenue Data, Wyoming, Production, Natural Gas, Oil, 2016-20.
65 Petroleum Association of Wyoming, Oil and Gas Facts & Figures 2021, Production.
66 Wyoming State Geological Survey, Greater Green River Basin, Past Production, updated January 31, 2017.
67 Wyoming State Geological Survey, Wyoming's Oil & Gas Basins, Greater Green River Basin Geology, accessed March 23, 2022.
68 U.S. EIA, Top 100 U.S. Oil and Gas Fields (March 2015), p. 8-10.
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