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Energy Indicators
Demography	Wyoming	Share of U.S.		Period
Population	0.6 million	0.2%		2021
Civilian Labor Force	0.3 million	0.2%		Jan-23
Economy	Wyoming	U.S. Rank		Period
Gross Domestic Product	$ 41.6 billion	50		2021
Gross Domestic Product for the Manufacturing Sector	$ 2,699 million	48		2021
Per Capita Personal Income	$ 65,627	13		2021
Vehicle Miles Traveled	9,800 million miles	43		2020
Land in Farms	29.0 million acres	11		2017
Climate	Wyoming	U.S. Rank		Period
Average Temperature	41.9 degrees Fahrenheit	46		2022
Precipitation	14.7 inches	44		2022

Prices
Petroleum	Wyoming	U.S. Average		Period	find more
Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase	$ 74.84 /barrel	$ 76.45 /barrel		Dec-22
Natural Gas	Wyoming	U.S. Average		Period	find more
City Gate	$ 8.97 /thousand cu ft	$ 7.68 /thousand cu ft		Dec-22	find more
Residential	$ 13.67 /thousand cu ft	$ 14.75 /thousand cu ft		Dec-22	find more
Coal	Wyoming	U.S. Average		Period	find more
Average Sales Price	$ 12.76 /short ton	$ 36.50 /short ton		2021
Delivered to Electric Power Sector	W	$ 2.65 /million Btu		Dec-22
Electricity	Wyoming	U.S. Average		Period	find more
Residential	10.39 cents/kWh	14.96 cents/kWh		Dec-22	find more
Commercial	8.93 cents/kWh	12.42 cents/kWh		Dec-22	find more
Industrial	7.40 cents/kWh	8.63 cents/kWh		Dec-22	find more

Reserves
Reserves	Wyoming	Share of U.S.		Period	find more
Crude Oil (as of Dec. 31)	978 million barrels	2.4%		2021	find more
Expected Future Production of Dry Natural Gas (as of Dec. 31)	15,005 billion cu ft	2.5%		2021	find more
Expected Future Production of Natural Gas Plant Liquids	563 million barrels	2.2%		2021	find more
Recoverable Coal at Producing Mines	4,403 million short tons	35.8%		2021	find more
Rotary Rigs & Wells	Wyoming	Share of U.S.		Period	find more
Natural Gas Producing Wells	19,641 wells	4.1%		2020	find more
Capacity	Wyoming	Share of U.S.		Period
Crude Oil Refinery Capacity (as of Jan. 1)	125,850 barrels/calendar day	0.7%		2022
Electric Power Industry Net Summer Capacity	10,092 MW	0.9%		Dec-22

Supply & Distribution
Production	Wyoming	Share of U.S.		Period	find more
Total Energy	5,884 trillion Btu	6.1%		2020	find more
Crude Oil	244 thousand barrels per day	2.0%		Dec-22	find more
Natural Gas - Marketed	1,109,232 million cu ft	3.0%		2021	find more
Coal	238,773 thousand short tons	41.4%		2021	find more
Total Utility-Scale Net Electricity Generation	Wyoming	Share of U.S.		Period	find more
Total Net Electricity Generation	4,047 thousand MWh	1.1%		Dec-22
Utility-Scale Net Electricity Generation (share of total)	Wyoming	U.S. Average		Period
Petroleum-Fired	0.2 %	1.0 %		Dec-22	find more
Natural Gas-Fired	4.8 %	38.8 %		Dec-22	find more
Coal-Fired	64.3 %	20.1 %		Dec-22	find more
Nuclear	0 %	19.0 %		Dec-22	find more
Renewables	29.9 %	20.4 %		Dec-22
Stocks	Wyoming	Share of U.S.		Period	find more
Motor Gasoline (Excludes Pipelines)	505 thousand barrels	3.9%		Dec-22
Distillate Fuel Oil (Excludes Pipelines)	553 thousand barrels	0.6%		Dec-22	find more
Natural Gas in Underground Storage	109,057 million cu ft	1.5%		Dec-22	find more
Petroleum Stocks at Electric Power Producers	30 thousand barrels	0.1%		Dec-22	find more
Coal Stocks at Electric Power Producers	3,595 thousand tons	4.0%		Dec-22	find more
Fueling Stations	Wyoming	Share of U.S.		Period
Motor Gasoline	322 stations	0.3%		2019
Propane	16 stations	0.6%		2022
Electricity	85 stations	0.2%		2022
E85	8 stations	0.2%		2022
Compressed Natural Gas and Other Alternative Fuels	9 stations	0.3%		2022

Consumption & Expenditures
Summary	Wyoming	U.S. Rank		Period
Total Consumption	504 trillion Btu	42		2020	find more
Total Consumption per Capita	874 million Btu	3		2020	find more
Total Expenditures	$ 3,869 million	46		2020	find more
Total Expenditures per Capita	$ 6,703	1		2020	find more
by End-Use Sector	Wyoming	Share of U.S.		Period
Consumption
»  Residential	52 trillion Btu	0.3%		2020	find more
»  Commercial	53 trillion Btu	0.3%		2020	find more
»  Industrial	292 trillion Btu	0.9%		2020	find more
»  Transportation	107 trillion Btu	0.4%		2020	find more
Expenditures
»  Residential	$ 506 million	0.2%		2020	find more
»  Commercial	$ 443 million	0.3%		2020	find more
»  Industrial	$ 1,221 million	0.7%		2020	find more
»  Transportation	$ 1,699 million	0.4%		2020	find more
by Source	Wyoming	Share of U.S.		Period
Consumption
»  Petroleum	26 million barrels	0.4%		2020	find more
»  Natural Gas	153 billion cu ft	0.5%		2021	find more
»  Coal	21 million short tons	3.9%		2021	find more
Expenditures
»  Petroleum	$ 2,154 million	0.4%		2020	find more
»  Natural Gas	$ 522 million	0.3%		2021	find more
»  Coal	$ 661 million	2.8%		2021	find more
Consumption for Electricity Generation	Wyoming	Share of U.S.		Period	find more
Petroleum	14 thousand barrels	0.2%		Dec-22	find more
Natural Gas	1,699 million cu ft	0.2%		Dec-22	find more
Coal	1,640 thousand short tons	4.0%		Dec-22	find more
Energy Source Used for Home Heating (share of households)	Wyoming	U.S. Average		Period
Natural Gas	59.6 %	46.5 %		2021
Fuel Oil	0.1 %	4.1 %		2021
Electricity	23.8 %	41.0 %		2021
Propane	10.9 %	5.0 %		2021
Other/None	5.7 %	3.5 %		2021

Environment
Renewable Energy Capacity	Wyoming	Share of U.S.		Period	find more
Total Renewable Energy Electricity Net Summer Capacity	3,406 MW	1.1%		Dec-22
Ethanol Plant Nameplate Capacity	--	--		2022
Renewable Energy Production	Wyoming	Share of U.S.		Period	find more
Utility-Scale Hydroelectric Net Electricity Generation	61 thousand MWh	0.3%		Dec-22
Utility-Scale Solar, Wind, and Geothermal Net Electricity Generation	1,149 thousand MWh	2.4%		Dec-22
Utility-Scale Biomass Net Electricity Generation	0 thousand MWh	0.0%		Dec-22
Small-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Generation	1 thousand MWh	*		Dec-22
Fuel Ethanol Production	0 thousand barrels	0.0%		2020
Renewable Energy Consumption	Wyoming	U.S. Rank		Period	find more
Renewable Energy Consumption as a Share of State Total	13.6 %	20		2020
Fuel Ethanol Consumption	779 thousand barrels	48		2020
Total Emissions	Wyoming	Share of U.S.		Period	find more
Carbon Dioxide	59.1 million metric tons	1.1%		2019
Electric Power Industry Emissions	Wyoming	Share of U.S.		Period	find more
Carbon Dioxide	36,701 thousand metric tons	2.2%		2021
Sulfur Dioxide	23 thousand metric tons	2.0%		2021
Nitrogen Oxide	29 thousand metric tons	2.3%		2021

Analysis

Last Updated: April 21, 2022

Overview

Wyoming is a major producer of coal, crude oil, and natural gas—the fossil fuels that were created from the remains of life in the ancient seas that covered the state many millions of years ago.^1,2,3 Wyoming has the smallest population of any state, and only Alaska has fewer residents per square mile.⁴ Wyoming produces 13 times more energy than it consumes, making it the second-biggest net energy supplier among the states after Texas.⁵ Wyoming is the nation's largest coal-producing state. It also produces more natural gas from federal leases than any other state and the second-highest amount of crude oil from onshore federal leases.^6,7

Wyoming's lowest elevation is more than half a mile above sea level, and its mountain peaks are more than two miles high. The state's mountains, which form part of the Continental Divide, channel weather—and often fierce winds—across wide plains. The high elevations give Wyoming a cool climate overall, but temperatures can be extreme. The state's record high is 114°F in the Big Horn Basin in 1900, and the record low is 66°F below zero in Yellowstone National Park in 1933.⁸ National parks, including Yellowstone and Grand Teton, and national monuments like Devils Tower and Fossil Butte, as well as the Wind River and Bighorn mountain ranges, help make tourism one of Wyoming's major industries.⁹

Mining and oil and natural gas extraction are major contributors to Wyoming's gross domestic product (GDP) and tax revenue.^10,11 Coal is mined primarily in the northeastern part of the state in the Powder River Basin.¹² Crude oil and natural gas production is spread across the state, and each fossil fuel is produced alone or together in 21 of Wyoming's 23 counties.¹³ Mineral royalties, severance payments, and related taxes typically provide a substantial portion of state revenues.¹⁴ Although less than one-tenth of the energy produced in Wyoming is consumed there, the state's small population and energy-intensive fossil fuel production help make Wyoming first in the nation in per capita energy consumption and give it the second-most energy-intensive state economy, after Louisiana.^15,16,17 Wyoming's industrial sector accounts for about three-fifths of the total end-use sector energy consumed in the state, the transportation sector consumes about one-fifth, and the commercial and residential sectors each account for about one-tenth.¹⁸

Coal

Wyoming holds almost two-fifths of U.S. recoverable coal reserves at producing mines.¹⁹ The state has led the nation in coal production since 1986, and accounts for two-fifths of all coal mined in the United States.^20,21,22 Wyoming's coal production declined by about 40% from 2015 to 2020, as U.S. coal-fired power plants shut down and natural gas-fired and renewable-sourced electricity generation increased.^23,24,25 In 2021, however, Wyoming's annual coal production increased, as did many coal-producing states' output, after U.S. annual coal-fired generation increased for the first time since 2014 as a result of significantly higher natural gas prices and relatively stable coal prices.^26,27

Wyoming has 10 major coal fields and 8 of the 10 largest coal mines in the nation.^28,29 Seams of low-sulfur subbituminous coal, some more than 100 feet thick, lie at shallow depths, allowing large-scale mechanized surface mining.³⁰ Nearly all of the coal mined in Wyoming is subbituminous, and the state accounts for almost nine-tenths of all U.S. subbituminous coal production. Subbituminous coal has a lower heating value than other types of coal.^31,32 Wyoming also produces some bituminous coal.³³ Coal mining began in the state in the mid-1860s when the Union Pacific Railroad arrived.³⁴ Today, most of the mined coal in Wyoming is loaded onto unit trains, which can stretch up to a mile-and-a-half long with about 130 coal cars.³⁵ Wyoming's coal is shipped to 28 states, and power plants in Texas, Missouri, Wyoming, and Illinois are the biggest users of Wyoming's coal.³⁶ Very little of the state's coal is exported to other countries.³⁷

Petroleum

Wyoming holds about 2% of U.S. proved crude oil reserves, and the state is the eighth-largest crude oil producer, accounting for just over 2% of the nation's total crude oil output.^38,39 Wyoming is a crossroads for pipelines bringing Canadian and Rocky Mountain crude oil to refineries in the Rocky Mountain and Midwest regions and for pipelines shipping refined petroleum products to markets in those regions.^40,41,42 The state has four operating petroleum refineries that can process 129,000 barrels of crude oil per calendar day, providing one-fifth of the refining capacity in the Rocky Mountain region that includes Colorado, Montana, and Utah.⁴³ Wyoming's refineries produce motor gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel, and other petroleum products, and can process Canadian heavy sour crude oils. Those refineries deliver most of their petroleum products to neighboring states.^{44,45 46,47,48} In 2020, the owners of the 48,000 barrel-per-day refinery in Cheyenne shut down the petroleum facility to convert it to produce renewable diesel.⁴⁹

Wyoming has the sixth-lowest petroleum consumption among the states. However, because of its small population, high vehicle miles traveled, and large energy-intensive fossil fuel extraction industries, Wyoming ranks as the third-highest state in per capita petroleum consumption, after Louisiana and Alaska.⁵⁰ The transportation sector consumes nearly two-thirds of the petroleum used in Wyoming. The industrial sector accounts for most of the rest, except for a small amount used in the state's residential and commercial sectors.⁵¹ Wyoming drivers have the second-highest per capita gasoline expenditures of any state, after North Dakota, which reflects Wyoming's small population, less access to alternative forms of transportation, and high vehicle miles traveled by state residents.⁵² Wyoming does not require ethanol to be blended into its gasoline, although most gasoline sold throughout the state and the rest of the United States contains at least 10% ethanol.^53,54

After reaching its highest level in 30 years in 2019, Wyoming's crude oil production fell sharply in 2020 in response to the drop in petroleum demand and crude oil prices during the COVID-19 pandemic. The state's crude oil production continued to decline in 2021, dropping to the lowest output level since 2017.^55,56 Most of the state's recent crude oil production comes from two regions in eastern Wyoming: the Niobrara Shale in the southeastern corner of the state and the Powder River Basin in the northeastern corner.^{57,58 59} Southwestern Wyoming overlies part of the Green River oil shale, which is a formation rich in kerogen-an organic material found in some sedimentary rocks that can be converted into petroleum liquids when heated. Green River, by some estimates, could be a large source of petroleum if technology were developed to extract the petroleum economically.^60,61,62

Natural gas

Wyoming ranks among the top 10 states in both natural gas reserves and marketed natural gas production.^63,64 Most of the state's natural gas production is on federal lands leased by energy companies.^65,66 Production takes place throughout the state, but most of Wyoming's natural gas has come from fields in the Green River Basin, located in the state's southwest corner.^67,68,69 Wyoming has 16 of the nation's 100 largest natural gas fields, including the Pinedale and Jonah fields that rank among the top 10.⁷⁰ Although natural gas exploration has expanded across the state, including into the Powder River Basin, Wyoming's marketed gas production has decreased by almost half from its 2009 peak, due in part to lower natural gas prices. In 2021, the state's natural gas output was the lowest in 21 years, despite a rise in natural gas prices.^71,72,73,74 In 2018, the federal government approved a large natural gas project in the basin that would drill 3,500 wells over 10 years.^75,76,77 The state imposed requirements to control the emissions from drilling to help improve air quality.^78,79,80

Wyoming is the third-largest producer of natural gas from coal beds, behind Colorado and New Mexico, but the state's production steadily declined during the past decade.^81,82 Low natural gas prices made some coalbed methane wells uneconomical.^83,84 Coalbed methane accounts for about 6% of the state's natural gas production.⁸⁵

Most natural gas produced in Wyoming leaves the state through interstate pipelines that cross into Utah, Nebraska, Colorado, and Montana, on its way to both Midwest and West Coast markets.^86,87 Several interstate pipelines converge at Opal, Wyoming, a major interstate natural gas trading hub.^88,89 Some of the natural gas that remains in the state is placed in underground storage. Wyoming has nine natural gas underground storage sites that can hold a combined 156 billion cubic feet of gas, which is about 1.7% of U.S. total storage capacity.^90,91

Wyoming consumes about one-tenth of the natural gas it produces. Two-fifths of the state's natural gas consumption is used in the production, processing, and distribution of natural gas. The state's industrial sector accounts for another two-fifths of natural gas use, and the residential, commercial, and electric power sectors together account for the remaining one-fifth.^92,93 Natural gas is Wyoming's most widely used home heating fuel, found in 6 out of 10 households.⁹⁴

Electricity

In 2021, coal-fired power plants produced about 73% of Wyoming's electricity net generation, down from its peak of 97% in 2003. Wind power more than doubled since 2019 and provided 19% of the state's generation in 2021. Natural gas-fired generating units and hydroelectric facilities accounted for most of the rest of Wyoming's in-state electricity supply.⁹⁵

Wyoming's small population contributes to it being among the 10 states with the lowest total electricity demand, but it has the highest per capita electricity use.⁹⁶ Wyoming sends almost three-fifths of the electricity it generates out of state.⁹⁷ Several major interstate transmission line projects are in development to carry more electricity supplies from Wyoming to western population centers.⁹⁸ Within Wyoming, the industrial sector was the largest electricity consumer in 2021, and accounted for three-fifths of the electricity used in the state. The commercial sector was second and consumed just over one-fifth of the state's electricity, and the residential sector accounted for slightly less than one-fifth of power demand.⁹⁹ One out of five Wyoming households relies on electricity as the primary heating source.¹⁰⁰ In 2021, Wyoming ranked among the five states with the lowest average electricity retail price.¹⁰¹

Wyoming does not have any nuclear power generation, but the state has the largest reserves of uranium ore that provides the fuel used by nuclear power plants.^102,103,104 While there is no conventional uranium mining in Wyoming, the state has three operating in-situ recovery plants that extract uranium from underground by dissolving the ore with a solution and pumping it to the surface where the uranium is recovered.^{105,106,107,108} In 2021, U.S. uranium production fell to an all-time low, as most utility companies bought uranium from other countries.^109,110

Renewable energy

In 2021, renewable energy sources generated 22% of the electricity in Wyoming, with wind power accounting for more than four-fifths of the state's renewable electricity.¹¹¹ Wyoming has some of the greatest wind resources in the nation, especially in the southeastern corner of the state.¹¹² Sustained winds are funneled through the state's mountain passes and out across the high prairie, which enables Wyoming wind farms to operate at high capacity levels.^113,114 In 2020 and 2021, the amount of wind powered-generating capacity installed in Wyoming nearly doubled to just over 3,000 megawatts.^{115,116 117} Several more large wind projects are in development or under construction, including the 3,000-megawatt Chokecherry-Sierra Madre project with about 900 turbines in south-central Wyoming. Wyoming ranked third, after Texas and California, in the amount of wind powered-generating capacity under construction at the end of 2021.^{118,119 120,121,122} There are several large transmission projects in Wyoming to transport the state's wind-generated electricity to other states, including California, that have significant renewable energy requirements.^123,124,125

Hydroelectric power is the fourth-largest source of Wyoming's generation, accounting for slightly more than 2% of the state's total generation and almost one-tenth of the state's renewable generation in 2021.¹²⁶ The state has 16 hydropower dams. Most of Wyoming's hydroelectric generating units are relatively small, more than 70 years old, and owned by the federal government.¹²⁷

Wyoming has significant solar resources, but there was little solar generation in the state until 2019. Almost all of the state's solar generation comes from the 92-megawatt Sweetwater Solar farm, which came online at the end of 2018 and is the state's only utility-scale solar power facility.¹²⁸ The large solar power farm and small-scale solar panels on residential rooftops together provided about 2% of the state's renewable generation in 2021.^129,130

Wyoming's geothermal resources are used for direct heating applications, mainly in Yellowstone National Park and Hot Springs State Park. Geothermal energy is also used in the state to heat buildings, water, and some roadways.^131,132 Wyoming does not have adequate geothermal resources for commercial electricity generation, but the state does have buildings heated by geothermal heat pumps.¹³³

Wyoming does not have a renewable portfolio standard (RPS) or other requirement or goal to generate a certain amount of the state's electricity from renewable energy.¹³⁴ However, the state provides net metering for residential, commercial, and industrial customers with renewable energy generating systems smaller than 25 kilowatts. Eligible renewable generating systems include solar panels, wind turbines, biomass-fueled generators, and small hydroelectric generators.¹³⁵

Energy on tribal lands

Wyoming's Wind River Reservation, home to both the Northern Arapahoe and the Eastern Shoshone tribes, is the third-largest Native American reservation in the United States at more than 3,500 square miles.^136,137 It is Wyoming's only reservation and occupies most of the Wind River Basin in the west-central area of the state.^138,139 The Wind River Reservation has produced crude oil and natural gas for well over a century.¹⁴⁰

The state's first oil well was drilled in the Wind River Basin in 1884, south of the reservation's boundary.¹⁴¹ About a half century later, several oil seeps were discovered within the reservation, and crude oil and natural gas production on tribal lands followed.¹⁴² Most current crude oil production occurs in the western half of the reservation while most natural gas production occurs in the eastern half.¹⁴³ In 2012, the Wyoming tribes and the federal government reached a settlement to resolve underpayment of royalties owed on crude oil and natural gas production from reservation land. The settlement included a $157 million payment to the tribes.^144,145

There are two utility-scale electricity generating facilities on the reservation. Both are hydroelectric dams; one has a generation capacity of 17 megawatts and the other has 1.6 megawatts. They are owned and operated by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation.¹⁴⁶

The Wind River Reservation has significant wind energy resources for potential electricity generation, especially along the mountain ridges that border the reservation.^147,148 Several areas of the reservation were evaluated for wind projects that could give the two tribes additional sources of energy.¹⁴⁹ The Wind River reservation is also one of the top 15 reservations in the nation with the best potential to generate electricity from solar energy resources.¹⁵⁰

Endnotes

¹ U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), State Energy Data System, Table P4, Primary Energy Production Estimates in Physical Units, Ranked by State, 2019.
² Wyoming State Geological Survey, Wyoming's Energy Resources, accessed March 21, 2022.
³ Wyoming State Geological Survey, Geologic History of Wyoming, accessed March 21, 2022.
⁴ World Population Review, U.S. States-Ranked by Population 2022.
⁵ U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Production, Table P3, Total Primary Energy Production and Total Energy Consumption Estimates in Trillion Btu, 2019.
⁶ U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report 2020 (October 4, 2021), Table 1, Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Mine Type, 2020 and 2019.
⁷ U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Wyoming Oil and Gas Lease Sales, accessed March 21, 2022.
⁸ Gray, Steve, "Wicked Wind, Raging Blizzards and Bitter Cold—and That's Just Summer in Wyoming," Community Collaborative Rain, Hail & Snow Network, State Climate Series, accessed March 21, 2022.
⁹ Forbes, Best States for Business, Wyoming (December 2019).
¹⁰ U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Interactive Data, Regional Data, GDP and Personal Income, Annual Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by State, GDP in current dollars, NAICS, Wyoming, All statistics in table, 2020.
¹¹ Petroleum Association of Wyoming, Oil and Gas Facts & Figures 2021, Gross Domestic Production (GDP) by Industry (in millions).
¹² Wyoming State Geological Survey, Coal Production & Mining, accessed March 22, 2022.
¹³ Petroleum Association of Wyoming, Oil and Gas Facts & Figures 2021, Production.
¹⁴ State of Wyoming, Department of Revenue, DOR Annual Reports, 2021 Annual Report, Mineral Tax Division, p. 4, 40, 53.
¹⁵ U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Production, Table P3, Total Primary Energy Production and Total Energy Consumption Estimates in Trillion Btu, 2019.
¹⁶ U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C14, Total Energy Consumption Estimates per Capita by End-Use Sector, Ranked by State, 2019.
¹⁷ U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C10, Total Energy Consumption Estimates, Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Energy Consumption Estimates per Real Dollar of GDP, Ranked by State, 2019.
¹⁸ U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C11, Energy Consumption Estimates by End Use Sector, Ranked by State, 2019.
¹⁹ U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report 2020 (October 4, 2021), Table 14, Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Mines by State, 2020 and 2019.
²⁰ U.S. EIA, Quarterly Coal Report (April 1, 2022), Table 2, Coal production by state.
²¹ U.S. EIA, Coal Data Browser, Aggregate coal mine production for all coal (short tons), United States, 2001-20.
²² U.S. EIA, State Energy Data Systems, Table PT1, Primary Energy Production Estimates in Physical Units, Wyoming, 1960-2019.
²³ U.S. EIA, Coal Data Browser, Aggregate coal mine production for all coal (short tons), Wyoming, 2015-20.
²⁴ U.S. EIA, "New electric generating capacity in 2020 will come primarily from wind and solar," Today in Energy (January 14, 2020).
²⁵ U.S. EIA, "More power generation came from natural gas in first half of 2020 than first half of 2019," Today in Energy (August 12, 2020).
²⁶ U.S. EIA, Quarterly Coal Report (April 1, 2022), Table 2, Coal production by state.
²⁷ U.S. EIA, "Annual U.S. coal-fired electricity generation will increase for the first time since 2014," Today in Energy (December 21, 2021).
²⁸ Wyoming State Geological Survey, Wyoming Coal, accessed March 22, 2022.
²⁹ U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report 2020 (October 4, 2021), Table 9, Major U.S. Coal Mines, 2020.
³⁰ Wyoming Mining Association, Coal, Origin, accessed March 22, 2022.
³¹ U.S. EIA, Coal Data Browser, Aggregate coal mine production for subbituminous (short tons), U.S. and Wyoming, 2020.
³² U.S. EIA, Energy Explained, Coal Explained, updated October 19, 2021.
³³ U.S. EIA, Coal Data Browser, Aggregate coal mine production for bituminous (short tons), U.S. and Wyoming, 2020.
³⁴ Wyoming State Geological Survey, Wyoming Coal, accessed March 22, 2022.
³⁵ Trainfanatics.com, Wyoming Coal Trains Keep Moving Day and Night!, accessed March 22, 2022.
³⁶ U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Distribution Report 2020 (October 4, 2021), Domestic distribution of U.S. coal by origin state, consumer, destination, and method of transportation, Wyoming, Table OS-28, Domestic Coal Distribution, by Origin State, 2020.
³⁷ U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Distribution Report 2020 (October 4, 2021), Domestic and foreign distribution of U.S. coal by origin state, 2020.
³⁸ U.S. EIA, U.S. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Proved Reserves, Year-end 2020 (January 13, 2022), Table 6, Crude oil plus lease condensate proved reserves, reserves changes, and production, 2020.
³⁹ U.S. EIA, Crude Oil Production, Annual-Thousand Barrels, 2016-21.
⁴⁰ American Petroleum Institute, Where are the Pipelines? Liquid Pipelines, accessed March 23, 2022.
⁴¹ Jeffries, Brian, Update on Natural Gas, NGLs and Crude, Wyoming Pipeline Authority (August 25, 2015), slides 24, 31-33.
⁴² Wyoming State Geological Survey, Oil & Natural Gas Resources in Wyoming (January 2022), p. 1-2.
⁴³ U.S. EIA, Refinery Capacity Report 2021 (June 25, 2021), Table 1, Number and Capacity of Operable Petroleum Refineries by PAD District and State as of January 1, 2021.
⁴⁴ U.S. EIA, Refinery Capacity Report 2021 (June 25, 2021), Table 3, Capacity of Operable Petroleum Refineries by State as of January 1, 2021.
⁴⁵ Silver Eagle Refining, Evanston, Wyoming—Silver Eagle Refining Plant, accessed March 23, 2022.
⁴⁶ Par Pacific, Wyoming Refining Company, accessed March 23, 2022.
⁴⁷ Sinclair Oil, Refineries, Sinclair Wyoming Refining Company and Sinclair Casper Wyoming Refining Company, accessed March 23, 2022.
⁴⁸ HF Sinclair, Renewable Diesel, accessed March 23, 2022.
⁴⁹ U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C15, Petroleum Consumption, Total and per Capita, Ranked by State, 2019.
⁵⁰ U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F16, Total Petroleum Consumption Estimates, 2019.
⁵¹ U.S. EIA, Table E20, Motor Gasoline Price and Expenditure Estimates, Ranked by State, 2019.
⁵² American Petroleum Institute, U.S. Gasoline Requirements (January 2018).
⁵³ U.S. EIA, "New EPA ruling expands sale of 15% ethanol blended motor gasoline," Today in Energy (July 16, 2019).
⁵⁴ U.S. EIA, Wyoming Field Production of Crude Oil, Annual, 1981-2021.
⁵⁵ Erickson, Camille, "Wyoming's economy slammed by pandemic, new report shows," Casper Star-Tribune (September 28, 2020).
⁵⁶ U.S. EIA, State Profile and Energy Estimates, Wyoming, Map, Layers/Legend: Oil and Gas Wells, Tight Oil/Shale Gas Play, accessed March 23, 2022.
⁵⁷ "New wells boost Wyoming's oil production to highest level in 25 years," World Oil (June 6, 2019).
⁵⁸ U.S. Government Accountability Office, Opportunities and Challenges of Oil Shale Development, GAO-12-740T (May 10, 2012).
⁵⁹ Maffly, Brian, "Company Wants to Run Utility Corridor Through Public Land for Oil-Shale Mine in Uinta Basin," The Salt Lake Tribune (April 7, 2016).
⁶⁰ Maffly, Brian, "Major Utah oil-shale project clears ‘tremendous milestone,' but at what cost to the environment?" The Salt Lake Tribune (October 2, 2018).
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¹⁰⁰ U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Operating Nuclear Power Reactors by Location or Name, updated October 1, 2021.
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Other Resources

Energy-Related Regions and Organizations

• Coal Region: Western
• Petroleum Administration for Defense District (PADD): 4
• North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) ERO Enterprise: Regional Entities: Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC)

Other Websites

• Wyoming Public Service Commission
• Wyoming Department of Family Services, Housing, Utilities, and Energy Assistance
• Wyoming Energy Authority
• Wyoming Oil and Gas Conservation Commission
• Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality, Land Quality Division
• University of Wyoming, School of Energy Resources
• Wyoming Enhanced Oil Recovery Commission
• Wyoming State Geological Survey
• Enhanced Oil Recovery Institute
• EIA Wyoming Flickr Album
• U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Wyoming Oil and Gas Lease Sales
• Western Area Power Administration
• Alternative Fuels Data Center, Federal and State Laws and Incentives
• Benefits.Gov, Housing and Public Utilities
• NC Clean Energy Technology Center, Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency (DSIRE)
• National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners (NARUC)
• National Association of State Energy Officials (NASEO)
• U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Indian Energy Policy and Programs
• National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL), Energy
• National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Geospatial Data Science Data and Tools
• U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Publications
• Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission
• Western Interstate Energy Board
• Bonneville Power Administration
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Community Services, Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP)
• U.S. Geological Survey, Maps
• Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Energy Flow Charts
• National Renewable Energy Laboratory, State and Local Planning for Energy (SLOPE)
• National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Tribal Energy Atlas
• EIA Natural Gas Storage Dashboard
• Western Governors Association
• EIA Energy Disruptions