Puerto Rico Territory Energy Profile

Puerto Rico Quick Facts

In September 2017, Hurricanes Irma and Maria made landfall two weeks apart and destroyed much of Puerto Rico’s electricity transmission and distribution infrastructure.
More than nine-tenths of Puerto Rico’s petroleum imports are motor gasoline, distillate fuel oil, and residual fuel oil that serve the Commonwealth’s electric power and transportation sectors.
For fiscal year 2019, petroleum fueled 40% of Puerto Rico’s total electricity generation and natural gas accounted for 39%. Coal continued to fuel 18% of generation, while renewables supplied 2.3%.
Puerto Rico has 2 utility-scale wind farms that became operational in 2012: the 101.2-megawatt Santa Isabel facility on the southern coast and the 23.4-megawatt Punta Lima facility at Naguabo.
Under the Puerto Rico Energy Public Policy Act, which was signed into law in May 2019, PREPA has to obtain 40% of its electricity from renewable resources by 2025, 60% by 2040, and 100% by 2050.

Last Updated: November 21, 2019

Data

Last Update: October 15, 2020 | Next Update: November 19, 2020

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Economy
Population and Industry	Puerto Rico	United States	Period
Population	3.2 million	328.2 million	2019
Gross Domestic Product	$ 103 billion	$ 19,485 billion	2017

Prices
Electricity	Puerto Rico	United States	Period
Residential	20.06 cents/kWh	13.26 cents/kWh	Jul-20
Commercial	20.93 cents/kWh	10.89 cents/kWh	Jul-20
Industrial	19.14 cents/kWh	7.17 cents/kWh	Jul-20

Reserves
Reserves	Puerto Rico	United States	Period
Crude Oil	0 billion barrels	42 billion barrels	2019
Natural Gas	0 trillion cu ft	4,656 trillion cu ft	2020
Recoverable Coal	0 million short tons	253,455 million short tons	2017
Capacity	Puerto Rico	United States	Period
Total Electricity Installed Capacity	6 million kW	1,084 million kW	2017

Imports & Exports
Total Imports	Puerto Rico	United States	Period
Crude Oil Imports	0 thousand barrels/day	7,850 thousand barrels/day	2016
Natural Gas Imports	69 billion cu ft	2,742 billion cu ft	2019
Coal Imports	1,319 thousand short tons	5,954 thousand short tons	2018
Total Exports	Puerto Rico	United States	Period
Crude Oil Exports	0 thousand barrels/day	591 thousand barrels/day	2016
Natural Gas Exports	0 billion cu ft	4,656 billion cu ft	2019
Coal Exports	0 thousand short tons	115,632 thousand short tons	2018

Supply
Production	Puerto Rico	United States	Period
Total Energy	*	88 trillion Btu	2017
Crude Oil, NGPL, and Other Liquids	0 thousand barrels/day	17,936 thousand barrels/day	2020
Natural Gas - Gross	0 billion cu ft	32,915 billion cu ft	2015
Coal	0 thousand short tons	756,167 thousand short tons	2018
Total Utility-Scale Net Electricity Generation	Puerto Rico	United States	Period
Total Net Electricity Generation	17 billion kWh	4,034 billion kWh	2017
Petroleum, Natural Gas, and Coal Net Electricity Generation	16 billion kWh	2,536 billion kWh	2017
Total Electricity Generation from Renewable Sources	*	700 billion kWh	2017
» Hydroelectric	*	300 billion kWh	2017
» Other Renewables	*	399 billion kWh	2017

Consumption
by Source	Puerto Rico	United States	Period
Total Energy	*	98 trillion Btu	2017
Total Petroleum Products	97 thousand barrels/day	19,958 thousand barrels/day	2017
» Motor Gasoline	54 thousand barrels/day	9,327 thousand barrels/day	2017
» Distillate Fuel	22 thousand barrels/day	3,932 thousand barrels/day	2017
» Liquefied Refinery Gases	4 thousand barrels/day	1,299 thousand barrels/day	2017
» Jet Fuel	2 thousand barrels/day	1,682 thousand barrels/day	2017
» Kerosene	*	5 thousand barrels/day	2017
» Residual Fuel	14 thousand barrels/day	342 thousand barrels/day	2017
» Other Petroleum Products	1 thousand barrels/day	3,371 thousand barrels/day	2017
Natural Gas	69 billion cu ft	31,099 billion cu ft	2019
Coal	1,319 thousand short tons	688,105 thousand short tons	2018

Carbon Dioxide Emissions
by Source	Puerto Rico	United States	Period
Total Fossil Fuels	18 million metric tons	5,133 million metric tons	2017
Petroleum	14 million metric tons	2,343 million metric tons	2017
Natural Gas	3 million metric tons	1,474 million metric tons	2017
Coal	2 million metric tons	1,316 million metric tons	2017

Analysis

Last Updated: November 21, 2019

Overview

The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico consists of the easternmost islands of the Greater Antilles in the Caribbean Sea, southeast of Florida. Puerto Rico has no proved reserves or production of fossil fuels. The Commonwealth has some renewable resources in the form of solar, wind, hydropower, and biomass but relies primarily on imported fossil fuels to meet its energy needs.^1,2,3

The population is concentrated on the main island of Puerto Rico, with the highest population density around the capital city of San Juan on the northern coast. There are smaller populations on the islands of Vieques and Culebra, as well as small, uninhabited islands scattered around the main island.⁴ Puerto Rico has coastal plains, sandy beaches, and a forested and mountainous interior, with the highest peak exceeding 4,000 feet.⁵ The tropical marine climate has little seasonal variation, and rain occurs year round. The Caribbean hurricane season, from June to November, sometimes brings destructive storms. Most recently, Hurricanes Irma and Maria devastated much of the Commonwealth's electricity infrastructure in September 2017 and left most of the island's residents without public power, in some cases for months.^6,7

The Commonwealth's population reached 3.8 million in 2000, but it has declined over the last two decades.⁸ Puerto Ricans are U.S. citizens, and some have chosen to move to the U.S. mainland in part because of an ongoing recession that began in 2006.⁹ The Commonwealth's population has declined by 14%, or more than 520,000 people, since 2010, and estimates are that up to 100,000 of those who left after Hurricane Maria will not return, further complicating Puerto Rico's economic situation and hurricane recovery.^10,11

Energy use per capita is typically one-third as much in Puerto Rico as it is in the 50 U.S. states.

Agriculture, mainly sugar cane, dominated Puerto Rico's economy until the middle of the 20th century.¹² Although rum is still produced, sugar cane production ceased until a recent government program reintroduced it. ¹³ However, agriculture, including the production of coffee, pineapples, plantains, bananas, and livestock, still remains a relatively small part of the Puerto Rican economy.^14,15 Private sector investment has been concentrated in the manufacturing sector, especially in pharmaceuticals and medical devices, electronics, aviation, information technology, and renewable energy.^16,17 However, as federal tax incentives were phased out in 1996, investments in the manufacturing sector began contracting.^18,19 Employment in the Commonwealth government has declined since 2009, but the public sector still employs one in five workers.²⁰ In 2016, with the Commonwealth facing more than $100 billion in debt and unfunded liabilities, Congress established a financial oversight board through the Puerto Rico Oversight, Management, and Economic Stability Act (PROMESA) to restructure the island's debt and stabilize its economy.^21,22

On average, the Commonwealth's residents use much less energy than is used by consumers in the 50 U.S. states. Puerto Rico's energy consumption per capita in recent years has been about one-third of the states' level. However, consumers in Puerto Rico pay one of the highest U.S. electricity rates.^23,24

Electricity

In recent years, Puerto Rico’s public electric utility has served more customers than any other public electric utility in the United States.

Puerto Rico's electricity is supplied by the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority (PREPA, also known as Autoridad de Energía Eléctrica, or AEE), a government agency that owns the electricity transmission and distribution systems for the main island, Vieques, and Culebra, as well as 80% of the electricity generating capacity.²⁵ Founded in the 1920s as a water resource agency, PREPA's responsibilities grew over the years to encompass island electrification.²⁶ In recent years, it has served more customers than any other public electric utility in the United States.²⁷ Until 2012, Puerto Rico obtained two-thirds of its electricity from petroleum, generated mainly at six PREPA power stations. The other one-third of PREPA's power supply was almost evenly divided between natural gas and coal-fired generation, provided by two independent power producers, plus a small amount of power supplied from hydroelectric generators.²⁸

For the fiscal year 2019, petroleum fueled 40% of the island's total electricity generation, and natural gas 39%. Coal continued to fuel 18% of generation, while renewables supplied 2.3%.²⁹ In September 2017, Hurricanes Irma and Maria made landfall two weeks apart and destroyed much of Puerto Rico's electricity transmission and distribution infrastructure.³⁰ In general, generating facilities were not as badly damaged as the electric grid. Still, PREPA's largest generating plants are in the south, while the largest population concentrations are in the north, making the system dependent on its 2,400 miles of transmission and 30,000 miles of distribution lines.^31,32 The hurricanes caused near total loss of power on the island. Eight months later, 93% of power had been restored by PREPA, with the help of the Federal Emergency Management Agency and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.^33,34 To make Puerto Rico's electricity grid more resilient to future storms, PREPA is considering establishing mini- and micro-grids, adding more renewable power generation, and increasing battery storage capacity.³⁵ These targets are included in PREPA's Integrated Resource Plan.³⁶

The commercial sector consumes nearly half of the island's electricity, and the residential sector consumes just above one-third. The industrial sector, including agriculture, accounts for slightly more than one-eighth of power consumption, with the balance consumed for public uses like street lighting.³⁷ Per capita, Puerto Rico's electricity consumption is typically less than half of the average in the 50 states.^38,39 PREPA's heavy reliance on petroleum means that Puerto Rican power prices fluctuate along with international petroleum prices and vary monthly with fuel and purchased power costs.⁴⁰ Average rates across all sectors in Puerto Rico are higher than rates in 48 of the 50 states. ⁴¹ Only Hawaii and Alaska have higher average rates.⁴²

PREPA had to not only re-build its electricity infrastructure after the hurricanes, but also restructure its business after operating in bankruptcy protection since 2017. ⁴³ As part of the restructuring plan, the Puerto Rico legislature approved privatizing parts of PREPA in 2018.⁴⁴ Under the plan, the utility is expected to sell off some of its generation assets and plans to have its transmission and distribution system operated by a private company.⁴⁵ In May 2019, the Governor of Puerto Rico signed into law the Puerto Rico Energy Public Policy Act. The Act outlines numerous energy goals, including that 100% of the island's power should be generated from renewable resources by 2050 and that coal-fired generation power should be phased out by 2028.⁴⁶

Petroleum

A recent U.S. Geological Survey assessment identified the potential for undiscovered crude oil resources in a subsea formation south of the island, but Puerto Rico has no proved petroleum reserves, and the island neither produces nor currently refines crude oil.⁴⁷ About three-fourths of the energy used in Puerto Rico comes from petroleum products, which are all imported, principally through the ports of San Juan, Guayanilla, and Ponce.^48,49,50 The last of Puerto Rico's five petroleum refineries, located at Yabucoa, was shut down in 2009, joining four other island refineries that were closed between 1992 and 2005.^51,52 Storage and shipping facilities on the Yabucoa site continue to be used as a refined products terminal.⁵³

More than nine-tenths of Puerto Rico's petroleum imports are motor gasoline, distillate fuel oil, and residual fuel oil that serve the Commonwealth's electric power and transportation sectors.⁵⁴ Puerto Rico allows use of conventional motor gasoline, which makes up more than one-third of annual petroleum product imports.⁵⁵ For the June to July fiscal year 2019, two-fifths of Puerto Rico's total electricity generating capacity was fired by petroleum products.⁵⁶ To reduce both costs of and emissions from petroleum products, the Commonwealth's electric utility, PREPA is considering substituting fuel oil for propane or natural gas at several generating plants.⁵⁷ However, the relatively low price of crude oil in 2015 and 2016, combined with PREPA's bankruptcy in July 2017 and structural impacts from Hurricanes Irma and Maria, slowed conversion planning.^58,59 Other petroleum products imported include jet fuel and small amounts of liquefied petroleum gases and kerosene.⁶⁰ Despite the Commonwealth's low per capita total energy consumption, Puerto Rico's per capita consumption of petroleum is about three-fourths of the average for the 50 states, primarily because of the Commonwealth's dependence on fuel oil for more than half of the island's electricity generated by PREPA. ^61,62,63

Natural gas

The U.S. Geological Survey assessment also identified the potential for undiscovered natural gas resources in a subsea formation south of Puerto Rico, but the Commonwealth has no proved natural gas reserves and does not produce natural gas.⁶⁴ Nearly all natural gas is imported as liquefied natural gas (LNG) through the Peñuelas terminal in Ponce and regasification facility at Guayanilla Bay on the southwestern coast and is used solely for electricity generation.^65,66,67,68 The regasification facility was built to supply the adjacent 507-megawatt EcoEléctrica electricity generating plant.⁶⁹ LNG is imported mostly from Trinidad and Tobago.⁷⁰ Beginning in 2012, LNG imports through Peñuelas increased to support PREPA's conversion of the nearby oil-fired Costa Sur (South Coast) generating station to dual-fuel capability with natural gas and more recently, the conversion of the San Juan oil-fired generating station to natural gas.^71,72 In August 2017, the U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) approved expansion of the Peñuelas regasification capacity so it could meet the increased need for natural gas, but this was delayed by the impact of the hurricanes and came online in May 2018.⁷³ Small amounts of LNG from the U.S. mainland also enter Puerto Rico in standardized cryogenic containers to supply fuel to some industrial customers and meet bunkering needs.^74,75 Puerto Rico's typical per capita natural gas consumption is about one-fifth of the average in the 50 states.^76,77,78

PREPA has long planned to add more natural gas-fired generating capability.⁷⁹ However, building a pipeline (Via Verde Project) to transport natural gas from the regasification plant on the southern coast to the north coast met public opposition and was dropped in 2012.⁸⁰ In 2015, PREPA received FERC approval to build a floating LNG terminal with regasification capabilities offshore from the Aguirre generating station on the southern coast.⁸¹ However, the project never received regulatory approval from the Puerto Rico Energy Bureau (PREB) and the developer asked FERC to vacate the authorization in November 2018.⁸² PREPA is now considering other options, including construction of a land-based LNG terminal on the north coast, addition of smaller turbines that use natural gas, and conversion of existing peaking resources to natural gas, but will need to obtain approval from the PREB to proceed.^83,84

Coal

Puerto Rico is mandated to phase out coal-fired electricity generation by 2028.

Puerto Rico has no coal resources and produces no coal.⁸⁵ The Commonwealth has one coal-fired electricity generating plant, at Guayama, which began operations in 2002.⁸⁶ Typically, about 1.6 million tons of coal are imported annually from Colombia to supply the 454-megawatt plant.^87,88 In 2017, Hurricane Maria damaged the generating plant and transmission grid, but the plant resumed generating electricity in February 2018.⁸⁹ Ash from coal combustion is recycled on site into a partially solidified aggregate that is used in asphalt and concrete for road construction and other applications.⁹⁰ The Commonwealth's per capita coal consumption is typically about one-fifth of per capita coal consumption in the 50 states.^91,92,93 The Puerto Rico Energy Policy Act mandates the phasing out of coal-fired electricity generation by 2028.⁹⁴

Renewable energy

Under the Puerto Rico Energy Public Policy Act, PREPA has to obtain 40% of its electricity from renewable resources by 2025, 60% by 2040, and 100% by 2050.⁹⁵ The island's renewable resources include wind, hydropower, and solar energy. For the fiscal year 2019, 2.3% of PREPA's electricity came from renewable energy, with wind and solar each accounting for about two-fifths of total renewable generation. The remainder came from hydroelectric and landfill gas facilities.⁹⁶ Puerto Rico is home to both the largest solar photovoltaic facility and the largest wind farm in the Caribbean.^97,98

Most renewable generating facilities survived Hurricane Maria with modest amounts of damage, but a solar energy farm at Humacao and a wind farm at Naguabo—both on Puerto Rico's east coast where the eye of the storm came ashore—were badly damaged.^99,100 The island's other renewable facilities were able to fully re-connect to the grid in early 2018.¹⁰¹

Puerto Rico is home to both the largest wind farm and the largest solar farm in the Caribbean.

Solar power has been Puerto Rico's fastest growing renewable electricity generation, increasing from 0.3% of total generation in fiscal year 2015 to 1.1% in fiscal year 2019.¹⁰² The largest solar farm, the Oriana facility at Isabela, has 45 megawatts of capacity and came online in late 2016, almost doubling PREPA's solar generating capacity.¹⁰³ By the end of 2018, PREPA had signed 58 power purchase and operating agreements (PPOAs) with renewable generation, of which 8 were in commercial operation, with a total capacity of 201 megawatts: 97 megawatts from solar, 101 megawatts from wind, and 2.4 megawatts from landfill gas. PREPA is negotiating with developers about 14 additional solar energy projects.¹⁰⁴ PREPA also plans to add up to 1,800 megawatts of solar power and 920 megawatts of battery storage between 2019 and 2025.¹⁰⁵ Additionally, the Puerto Rico Energy Public Policy Act should make it easier for consumers to have net metering for small-scale solar power generation.¹⁰⁶

Puerto Rico has two utility-scale wind farms that became operational in 2012: the 101.2-megawatt Santa Isabel facility on the southern coast and the 23.4-megawatt Punta Lima facility at Naguabo.¹⁰⁷ Hurricane Maria caused significant damage to the Punta Lima wind farm, but the Santa Isabel wind farm was undamaged.¹⁰⁸ Other wind projects have been proposed, but Puerto Rico's onshore wind resource is limited.¹⁰⁹

Puerto Rico's 21 hydroelectric generating units, some of which are more than 100 years old, are sited on reservoirs that often supply drinking and irrigation water as well as electricity. ¹¹⁰ Output varies significantly, affected by rainfall and competing water uses, as well as lack of funds for maintenance. PREPA is exploring opportunities to sell or lease out these facilities to improve generation performance.^111,112

In the past, PREPA has encouraged development of municipal solid waste, landfill gas, and other waste-to-energy facilities, but proposed facilities have faced local opposition and been cancelled.¹¹³ Two landfill gas facilities, located at Fajardo and Toa Baja, have a combined capacity of 6 megawatts and began generating electricity in 2016.¹¹⁴ However, many of the island's landfills cannot be used for electricity generation because they violate federal standards and the Environmental Protection Agency has ordered some of them to close.¹¹⁵

Endnotes

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² U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Puerto Rico Territory Energy Profile, Data, Reserves & Supply, and Imports & Exports, (updated July 19, 2018), accessed October 8, 2019.
³ National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Energy Transition Initiative, Energy Snapshot, Puerto Rico (March 2015), p. 1.
⁴ U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census, Puerto Rico Profile, accessed October 8, 2019.
⁵ Rivera, Magaly, Welcome to Puerto Rico, Geography of Puerto Rico, accessed October 8, 2019.
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⁷ Scott, Michon, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, "Hurricane Maria's Devastation of Puerto Rico," National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (August 1, 2018)
⁸ U.S. Census Bureau, State Population Totals Tables: 2010-2018, Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2018 (PEPANNRES).
⁹ Berridge, Scott, "Puerto Rico: A Study of Population Loss Amid Economic Decline," Monthly Labor Review, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (September 2015).
¹⁰ U.S. Census Bureau, State Population Totals Tables: 2010-2018, Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2018 (PEPANNRES).
¹¹ Bram, Jason, et al., "Puerto Rico Post-Maria: Twelve Months of Hardship," Federal Reserve Bank of New York (September 28, 2018).
¹² Bram, Jason, et al., Trends and Developments in the Economy of Puerto Rico, Federal Reserve Bank of New York (March 2008), p. 2-3.
¹³ Bridgman, Benjamin, et al., "What Ever Happened to the Puerto Rican Sugar Manufacturing Industry?" Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis (December 2012), p. 1.
¹⁴ Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Department of Labor and Human Resources, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Puerto Rico Economic Analysis Report 2015-16, p. 19, 34.
¹⁵ Central Intelligence Agency, World Factbook, Puerto Rico, (updated October 1, 2019).
¹⁶ Government of Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico Fiscal Agency and Financial Advisory Authority, Puerto Rico Annual Factsheet (October 2018).
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²⁵ Autoridad de Energía Eléctrica, 2019 Fiscal Plan for the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority, As certified by the Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico on June 27, 2019, p. 33-35.
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²⁷ Autoridad de Energía Eléctrica, 2019 Fiscal Plan for the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority, As certified by the Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico on June 27, 2019, p. 31.
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²⁹ Autoridad de Energía Eléctrica, indicadores.pr, Generación, consumo, costo, ingresos y clientes del sistema eléctrico de Puerto Rico (Generation, consumption, cost, income and customers of the Puerto Rico electrical system), updated September 20, 2019, accessed October 11, 2019.
³⁰ New York Power Authority, Build Back Better: Reimagining and Strengthening the Power Grid of Puerto Rico (December 2017), p. 10-11.
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³⁷ Autoridad de Energía Eléctrica, indicadores.pr, Generación, consumo, costo, ingresos y clientes del sistema eléctrico de Puerto Rico (Generation, consumption, cost, income and customers of the Puerto Rico electrical system), updated September 20, 2019, accessed October 11, 2019.
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⁴¹ U.S. EIA, Electric Power Monthly (July 2019), Table 8.4, accessed October 14, 2019.
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⁴⁴ Autoridad de Energía Eléctrica, 2019 Fiscal Plan for the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority, As certified by the Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico on June 27, 2019, p. 9, 13.
⁴⁵ Autoridad de Energía Eléctrica, 2019 Fiscal Plan for the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority, As certified by the Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico on June 27, 2019, p. 15-28.
⁴⁶ Autoridad de Energía Eléctrica, SB 1121 Puerto Rico Energy Public Policy Act, p. 18, 35.
⁴⁷ Schenk, Christopher J., et al., "Assessment of Undiscovered Technically Recoverable Oil and Gas Resources of Puerto Rico and the Puerto Rico-U.S. Virgin Islands Exclusive Economic Zone," U.S. Geological Survey, Fact Sheet 2013-3101 (November 2013).
⁴⁸ U.S. EIA, International Energy Statistics, Total Petroleum Consumption 2016, Puerto Rico, Quadrillion Btu, 2012-16.
⁴⁹ U.S. EIA, International Energy Statistics, Total Primary Energy Consumption 2016, Puerto Rico and United States, 2011-16.
⁵⁰ U.S. EIA, Puerto Rico Territory Energy Profile, Data, Reserves & Supply, and Imports & Exports, accessed October 9, 2019.
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⁵⁵ U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Fuels, Registration, Reporting, and Compliance Help, accessed October 28, 2019.
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⁶² U.S. Census Bureau, State Population Totals Tables: 2010-2018, Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2018 (PEPANNRES).
⁶³ Siemens Industry, Puerto Rico Integrated Resource Plan 2018-2019, Draft for the Review of the Puerto Rico Energy Bureau, prepared for Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority [Revision 2] (June 7, 2019), Chapter 4, p. 1-4.
⁶⁴ Schenk, Christopher J., et al., "Assessment of Undiscovered Technically Recoverable Oil and Gas Resources of Puerto Rico and the Puerto Rico-U.S. Virgin Islands Exclusive Economic Zone," U.S. Geological Survey, Fact Sheet 2013-3101 (November 2013).
⁶⁵ U.S. EIA, International Energy Statistics, Dry Natural Gas Production, Puerto Rico and United States, Production, 2012-17, accessed October 10, 2019.
⁶⁶ U.S. EIA, International Energy Statistics, Natural Gas, Consumption, Puerto Rico, 2012-17, accessed October 10, 2019.
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⁶⁸ U.S. EIA, Today in Energy, (April 8, 2019).
⁶⁹ Autoridad de Energía Eléctrica, 2019 Fiscal Plan for the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority, As certified by the Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico on June 27, 2019, p. 35.
⁷⁰ U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Regulation, Analysis, and Engagement, Division of Natural Gas Regulation, Natural Gas Imports and Exports, First Quarter Report 2019, DOE/FE-06147, p. 52.
⁷¹ U.S. EIA, International Energy Statistics, Imports of Dry Natural Gas 2014, Puerto Rico, Bcf, 2009-14.
⁷² Autoridad de Energía Eléctrica, 2019 Fiscal Plan for the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority, As certified by the Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico on June 27, 2019, p. 25.
⁷³ U.S. EIA, Today in Energy (April 8, 2019).
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⁷⁵ Crowley Maritime Corp., "Crowley, Pivotal Reach New Multi-Year LNG Supply Contract," Press Release (February 13, 2018).
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⁸⁰ Siemens Industry, Puerto Rico Integrated Resource Plan 2018-2019, Draft for the Review of the Puerto Rico Energy Bureau, prepared for Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority (February 12, 2019), Chapter 7, p. 13-14.
⁸¹ U.S. Federal Energy Regulation Commission, Final Environmental Impact State of Aguirre Offshore GasPort LLC's Aguirre Offshore GasPort Project (Docket No. CP13-193-000) (issued February 20, 2015).
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