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Energy Indicators
Demography	Indiana	Share of U.S.		Period
Population	6.9 million	2.0%		2023
Civilian Labor Force	3.5 million	2.1%		Oct-24
Economy	Indiana	U.S. Rank		Period
Gross Domestic Product	$ 497.0 billion	19		2023
Gross Domestic Product for the Manufacturing Sector	$ 127,371 million	5		2023
Per Capita Personal Income	$ 60,038	39		2023
Vehicle Miles Traveled	95,684 million miles	11		2022
Land in Farms	14.6 million acres	18		2023
Climate	Indiana	U.S. Rank		Period
Average Temperature	54.4 degrees Fahrenheit	23		2023
Precipitation	37.0 inches	26		2023

Prices
Petroleum	Indiana	U.S. Average		Period	find more
Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase	$ 72.35 /barrel	$ 74.97 /barrel		Aug-24
Natural Gas	Indiana	U.S. Average		Period	find more
City Gate	$ 3.02 /thousand cu ft	$ 4.23 /thousand cu ft		Aug-24	find more
Residential	$ 21.52 /thousand cu ft	$ 23.40 /thousand cu ft		Aug-24	find more
Coal	Indiana	U.S. Average		Period	find more
Average Sales Price	$ 59.51 /short ton	$ 54.04 /short ton		2023
Delivered to Electric Power Sector	W	$ 2.44 /million Btu		Aug-24
Electricity	Indiana	U.S. Average		Period	find more
Residential	14.87 cents/kWh	16.63 cents/kWh		Aug-24	find more
Commercial	12.39 cents/kWh	13.39 cents/kWh		Aug-24	find more
Industrial	8.05 cents/kWh	8.72 cents/kWh		Aug-24	find more

Reserves
Reserves	Indiana	Share of U.S.		Period	find more
Crude Oil (as of Dec. 31)	--	--		2022	find more
Expected Future Production of Dry Natural Gas (as of Dec. 31)	--	--		2022	find more
Expected Future Production of Natural Gas Plant Liquids	--	--		2022	find more
Recoverable Coal at Producing Mines	271 million short tons	2.4%		2023	find more
Rotary Rigs & Wells	Indiana	Share of U.S.		Period	find more
Natural Gas Producing Wells	NA	NA		2020	find more
Capacity	Indiana	Share of U.S.		Period
Crude Oil Refinery Capacity (as of Jan. 1)	469,500 barrels/calendar day	2.6%		2024
Electric Power Industry Net Summer Capacity	27,184 MW	2.2%		Aug-24

Supply & Distribution
Production	Indiana	Share of U.S.		Period	find more
Total Energy	798 trillion Btu	0.8%		2022	find more
Crude Oil	4 thousand barrels per day	*		Aug-24	find more
Natural Gas - Marketed	3,826 million cu ft	*		2023	find more
Coal	23,782 thousand short tons	4.1%		2023	find more
Total Utility-Scale Net Electricity Generation	Indiana	Share of U.S.		Period	find more
Total Net Electricity Generation	9,001 thousand MWh	2.1%		Aug-24
Utility-Scale Net Electricity Generation (share of total)	Indiana	U.S. Average		Period
Petroleum-Fired	0.1 %	0.2 %		Aug-24	find more
Natural Gas-Fired	41.5 %	48.0 %		Aug-24	find more
Coal-Fired	46.3 %	16.3 %		Aug-24	find more
Nuclear	0.0 %	16.5 %		Aug-24	find more
Renewables	9.7 %	18.8 %		Aug-24
Stocks	Indiana	Share of U.S.		Period	find more
Motor Gasoline (Excludes Pipelines)	141 thousand barrels	1.3%		Aug-24
Distillate Fuel Oil (Excludes Pipelines)	3,561 thousand barrels	3.6%		Aug-24	find more
Natural Gas in Underground Storage	102,089 million cu ft	1.3%		Aug-24	find more
Petroleum Stocks at Electric Power Producers	88 thousand barrels	0.4%		Aug-24	find more
Coal Stocks at Electric Power Producers	8,704 thousand tons	7.1%		Aug-24	find more
Fueling Stations	Indiana	Share of U.S.		Period
Motor Gasoline	2,861 stations	2.6%		2022
Propane	46 stations	1.9%		Oct-24
Electric Vehicle Charging Locations	624 stations	0.9%		Oct-24
E85	234 stations	5.3%		Oct-24
Biodiesel, Compressed Natural Gas, and Other Alternative Fuels	54 stations	1.9%		Oct-24

Consumption & Expenditures
Summary	Indiana	U.S. Rank		Period
Total Consumption	2,619 trillion Btu	11		2022	find more
Total Consumption per Capita	383 million Btu	10		2022	find more
Total Expenditures	$ 39,628 million	14		2022	find more
Total Expenditures per Capita	$ 5,800	18		2022	find more
by End-Use Sector	Indiana	Share of U.S.		Period
Consumption
»  Residential	514 trillion Btu	2.6%		2022	find more
»  Commercial	357 trillion Btu	2.2%		2022	find more
»  Industrial	1,180 trillion Btu	3.8%		2022	find more
»  Transportation	569 trillion Btu	2.1%		2022	find more
Expenditures
»  Residential	$ 7,046 million	2.1%		2022	find more
»  Commercial	$ 4,414 million	1.8%		2022	find more
»  Industrial	$ 9,932 million	3.5%		2022	find more
»  Transportation	$ 18,235 million	2.1%		2022	find more
by Source	Indiana	Share of U.S.		Period
Consumption
»  Petroleum	136 million barrels	1.9%		2022	find more
»  Natural Gas	871 billion cu ft	2.7%		2022	find more
»  Coal	31,851 thousand short tons	6.2%		2022	find more
Expenditures
»  Petroleum	$ 21,393 million	2.0%		2022	find more
»  Natural Gas	$ 7,228 million	2.7%		2022	find more
»  Coal	$ 2,560 million	9.6%		2022	find more
Consumption for Electricity Generation	Indiana	Share of U.S.		Period	find more
Petroleum	23 thousand barrels	1.2%		Aug-24	find more
Natural Gas	28,495 million cu ft	1.9%		Aug-24	find more
Coal	2,118 thousand tons	5.4%		Aug-24	find more
Energy Source Used for Home Heating (share of households)	Indiana	U.S. Average		Period
Natural Gas	58.4 %	46.2 %		2022
Fuel Oil	0.6 %	3.9 %		2022
Electricity	31.1 %	41.3 %		2022
Propane	7.6 %	5.0 %		2022
Other/None	2.4 %	3.5 %		2022

Environment
Renewable Energy Capacity	Indiana	Share of U.S.		Period	find more
Total Renewable Energy Electricity Net Summer Capacity	5,394 MW	1.5%		Aug-24
Ethanol Plant Nameplate Capacity	1,375 million gal/year	7.6%		2024
Renewable Energy Production	Indiana	Share of U.S.		Period	find more
Utility-Scale Hydroelectric Net Electricity Generation	38 thousand MWh	0.2%		Aug-24
Utility-Scale Solar, Wind, and Geothermal Net Electricity Generation	811 thousand MWh	1.5%		Aug-24
Utility-Scale Biomass Net Electricity Generation	20 thousand MWh	0.5%		Aug-24
Small-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Generation	42 thousand MWh	0.5%		Aug-24
Fuel Ethanol Production	28,820 thousand barrels	7.9%		2022
Renewable Energy Consumption	Indiana	U.S. Rank		Period	find more
Renewable Energy Consumption as a Share of State Total	6.5 %	33		2022
Fuel Ethanol Consumption	7,253 thousand barrels	17		2022
Total Emissions	Indiana	Share of U.S.		Period	find more
Carbon Dioxide	163.2 million metric tons	3.3%		2022
Electric Power Industry Emissions	Indiana	Share of U.S.		Period	find more
Carbon Dioxide	61,252 thousand metric tons	4.0%		2023
Sulfur Dioxide	23 thousand metric tons	2.7%		2023
Nitrogen Oxide	43 thousand metric tons	3.8%		2023

Analysis

Last Updated: October 17, 2024

Overview

Indiana, a Great Lakes state, extends 270 miles south from Lake Michigan to the Ohio River at its southern border. The state is almost twice as long as it is wide, but, with the exception of Hawaii, it is the smallest state west of the Appalachians.¹ Sediments deposited over millions of years, when much of the state was covered by inland seas and later by lush swamps, became the geologic layers that contain Indiana's fossil fuel resources, predominantly coal but also crude oil and some natural gas.^2,3,4,5 The slightly rolling terrain in the northern two-thirds of the state is the result of the 2,000-foot-thick glacier that covered much of the state during the most recent Ice Age. The retreat of the glaciers more than 10,000 years ago left behind the fertile topsoil that supports Indiana's agriculture.^6,7 Ample rainfall and rich prairie soils allow Indiana farmers to produce the abundant corn and soybean crops that are the feedstock for the state's ethanol and biodiesel industries.^8,9,10 Indiana's open prairie also has abundant wind energy resources, and there are many large wind farms in west-central Indiana.^11,12

Although Indiana is not a large state, it has a varied climate. In the north, Indiana experiences lake-effect snows and winds off Lake Michigan. In the south, the hilly terrain creates localized weather variations. The interplay of polar air moving south from Canada and warm, moist air moving north from the Gulf of Mexico influence the weather statewide. Indiana's winters can be bitterly cold, spring weather often includes tornadoes, and some summer days are very hot with high humidity.¹³ In part because of those weather extremes, Indiana ranks 10th among the states in total energy use per capita.¹⁴ The industrial sector is the state's largest energy-consuming sector and accounted for almost half of the state's total energy use.¹⁵ In addition to manufacturing about 84% of the recreational vehicles sold in the nation, Indiana's industries include energy-intensive chemical and primary metal manufacturing, as well as petroleum refining.^16,17 The transportation sector is the second-largest energy consumer in Indiana, followed closely by the residential sector. Those two sectors each account for about one-fifth of the state's energy use. The commercial sector accounts for about one-seventh.¹⁸ Overall, Indiana consumes about three times more energy than the state produces.¹⁹

Coal

Indiana has about 1.4% of U.S. economically recoverable coal reserves, and it is the seventh-largest coal-producing state.²⁰ Indiana mines yield almost 24 million tons of coal, which is about 4% of the nation's total production.²¹ All of the state's coal mines are in southwestern Indiana within the coal-rich Illinois Basin.²² Indiana uses about four-fifths of its mined coal in-state and ships most of the rest to almost a dozen other states by rail, barge, and truck.²³ Indiana also exports about 5% of its mined coal to other countries.²⁴

In 2023, Indiana was the nation's second-largest coal consumer, after Texas. Indiana consumed about 26 million tons of coal, and most of it was used for electric power generation.²⁵ Even though Indiana is one of the nation's top coal producers, the coal mined in the state does not meet state demand.^26,27 Almost all of the additional coal used in Indiana arrives by rail and barge from mines in Kentucky, West Virginia, Illinois, and Wyoming.²⁸ In 2023, Indiana consumed about 21 million tons of coal for electricity generation. Only Texas and Missouri used more coal for power generation. The industrial sector, which includes coke plants and other industrial users, accounted for most of the rest of the coal consumed in the state. Indiana ranks second in the nation in industrial sector coal use, after Pennsylvania.^29,30 The state is a leader in steel manufacturing, and some of the coal used in Indiana goes to coking plants that supply the state's steel industry.^31,32,33 However, the Indiana industrial sector's coal consumption has declined since 2010, and in 2023 it was about two-thirds of what it was in 2013. The commercial sector uses a small amount of coal.³⁴

Electricity

Coal fuels the largest share of Indiana's total in-state utility-scale (1 megawatt or larger) electricity generation.³⁵ In 2023, coal's share of Indiana's net generation was greater than in all but six other states.³⁶ Eight of Indiana's 10 largest power plants by capacity and 7 of its 10 largest by annual generation are coal-fired.³⁷ However, coal-fired electricity generation in the state declined from 84% of total generation in 2013 to 45% in 2023.³⁸ About 5,000 megawatts of coal-fired capacity in Indiana have retired since 2013, and another almost 3,900 megawatts of coal-fired capacity are scheduled for retirement by the end of 2028.³⁹ At the same time, natural gas-fired generation has offset most of the decline in coal-fired generation. The share of the state's total net generation from natural gas increased from 8% in 2013 to 39% in 2023.⁴⁰ Renewable resources, primarily wind, supplied 14% of the state's total electricity net generation in 2023. About 2% of Indiana's total net generation came from other gases used to fuel power generation at industrial facilities.⁴¹

In 2023, Indiana ranked 14th in the nation in total electricity sales, but the state was sixth in electricity sales to the industrial sector, which accounted for 43% of Indiana's electricity consumption.^42,43 The residential sector, where 3 in 10 households use electricity as their primary energy source for home heating, accounted for 33% of state power use.^44,45 The commercial sector consumed 24%.⁴⁶ In part because of the retirement of several large coal-fired power plants, since 2012 Indiana consumers used more electricity than in-state generators could provide. In 2022, 13% of Indiana's electricity supply came from other states.⁴⁷

Indiana had about 600 public electric vehicle charging locations in mid-2024. Most of these charging locations are in and around Indiana's large cities of Indianapolis, Fort Wayne, and Gary.^48,49 The state plans to invest almost $100 million to build charging locations throughout the state along its designated Alternative Fuel Corridors, spaced no more than 50 miles apart and within one mile off the exits of Indiana's interstate routes.^50,51

Renewable energy

In 2023, renewable resources generated 14% of Indiana's total in-state electricity. Wind energy contributed the largest share at about 10% of the state's total generation.⁵² Indiana's largest utility-scale wind project came online in several phases with almost 600 megawatts of capacity.⁵³ Today, wind turbines can be seen across central Indiana, and the state had about 3,400 megawatts of wind capacity as of mid-2024.^54,55

Indiana also generates electricity with solar, hydroelectric, and biomass facilities. Southwestern Indiana has the state's best solar energy resources, but solar arrays are found statewide.⁵⁶ Utility-scale (1 megawatt or larger) solar power facilities provide over four-fifths of the electricity generated from solar resources in Indiana. The rest comes from small-scale (less than 1 megawatt) customer-sited installations like rooftop solar panels. Solar energy from all sources supplied about 2.5% of the state's total electricity net generation in 2023.⁵⁷ Hydropower and biomass provided the rest of the state's renewable-sourced net generation. In part because of its relatively level terrain, Indiana has only six utility-scale hydroelectric facilities. A 54-megawatt hydroelectric plant on the Ohio River at Indiana's southeastern boundary is the state's largest.^58,59,60 Most of Indiana's biomass power plants are fueled with landfill gas, but other biomass resources, including animal waste and municipal solid waste, are used to generate electricity.^61,62,63 Indiana has two wood pellet plants that use woody biomass to manufacture up to 7,000 tons of pellets each year, which can be used for electricity generation and space heating.⁶⁴

Part of Indiana's abundant corn crop provides the feedstock for biofuels production.^65,66 The state has 14 fuel ethanol plants with a combined production capacity of nearly 1.4 billion gallons per year.⁶⁷ Indiana is the sixth-largest producer of fuel ethanol in the nation. In 2022, the state produced about 1.2 billion gallons of fuel ethanol, which accounted for about 8% of U.S. total production.⁶⁸ In 2022, Indiana consumed almost 305 million gallons of fuel ethanol, about one-fourth as much as the state produced.⁶⁹ Indiana is also the nation's fifth-largest producer of biodiesel. The state's two biodiesel plants have a combined production capacity of 102 million gallons per year.^70,71 In 2022, Indiana produced about 87 million gallons of biodiesel, accounting for about 5% of the nation's total output.⁷² The state consumed about 39 million gallons of biodiesel.⁷³

Although Indiana's legislature created a voluntary clean energy portfolio standard in 2011, no Indiana utility has chosen to participate. If an electric utility elects to participate, it agrees to acquire 10% of the electricity it sells from clean energy sources by 2025. In return, the utility receives financial incentives.^74,75 However, Indiana utilities must offer net metering to all customer-sited renewable generating facilities with less than 1 megawatt of capacity unless net metering exceeds 1% of a utility's most recent peak summer load.⁷⁶

Petroleum

Indiana's proved crude oil reserves and production are small.^77,78 Crude oil deposits were discovered in east-central Indiana in 1886. However, reserves were depleted, and production declined sharply in the early 20th century. As a result, the center of the state's crude oil production shifted to the Illinois Basin in southwestern Indiana. The state's crude oil output peaked at almost 13 million barrels per year in 1956.^79,80 In 2023, the state's annual crude oil production dropped to 1.5 million barrels, accounting for about 0.03% of the nation's total crude oil output.⁸¹

Indiana has two petroleum refineries that together can process about 470,000 barrels of crude oil per calendar day, or almost 3% of the U.S. total.⁸² The Whiting refinery, located in northwestern Indiana, is the eighth-largest U.S. refinery and can process about 435,000 barrels of crude oil per calendar day. That refinery produces large quantities of motor gasoline, diesel fuel, and jet fuel, as well as about 7% of the nation's asphalt.^83,84 A second, small refinery, located in Mount Vernon at the southern tip of Indiana, processes crude oil from southern Indiana, southern Illinois, and western Kentucky. Its refined products include motor gasoline, diesel fuel, and lubricants that are delivered to customers in the region.⁸⁵

The transportation sector uses about three-fourths of the petroleum consumed in Indiana. Almost half of that is in the form of motor gasoline and three-tenths is distillate fuel oil, mostly diesel fuel.^86,87 Motor gasoline without ethanol can be sold in most of Indiana, but reformulated motor gasoline blended with ethanol is required in the state's northwestern corner near Chicago. Additionally, motor gasoline formulated to reduce the emissions that contribute to ground-level ozone is required during the summer months in southeastern Indiana counties across the river from Louisville, Kentucky.^88,89 The industrial sector is the state's second-largest petroleum consumer and accounts for about 17% of the petroleum used in the state. The commercial and residential sectors consume nearly all the rest in almost equal amounts of 2.6% each.⁹⁰ About 7 out of 100 Indiana's homes heat with petroleum products, mainly propane.⁹¹ The electric power sector accounts for about 0.2% of the state's petroleum consumption.⁹²

Natural gas

Indiana does not have significant natural gas reserves, but the state does produce some natural gas.⁹³ The number of wells completed using hydraulic fracturing increased the state's natural gas production, which peaked at 9.1 billion cubic feet in 2011. However, the state's annual output declined every year, except one, since then and was only about 3.8 billion cubic feet in 2023, which was about 0.01% of the U.S. total.^94,95 Many of the state's natural gas fields are in east-central Indiana, where natural gas was first discovered in the mid-1870s, and the availability of advanced drilling technologies has renewed interest in a shallow natural gas play in the New Albany Shale in southwestern Indiana. Shallow coalbed methane resources also are found in southwestern Indiana.⁹⁶

Many interstate natural gas pipeline systems cross Indiana, bringing natural gas into the state primarily through Ohio and Illinois.^97,98 In 2023, Indiana consumed or stored about one-third of the natural gas that entered the state. Most of the rest continued on to Illinois, Ohio, Michigan, and Kentucky.⁹⁹ Some of the natural gas that entered Indiana was placed in underground natural gas storage reservoirs for later use. The state has 23 natural gas underground storage fields whose combined total storage capacity of nearly 114 billion cubic feet is about 1% of the nation's total.^100,101

Indiana is one of the top 10 natural gas-consuming states, and it ranks 14th in per capita natural gas use.¹⁰² The industrial sector is the state's largest natural gas user, accounting for 46% of the natural gas delivered to Indiana consumers in 2023. As generation from the state's natural gas-fired power plants increased in recent years, consumption of natural gas by the state's electric power sector has risen.^103,104 In 2023, natural gas use for electricity generation reached a record high and accounted for 30% of state consumption. About three times more natural gas was used for power generation in 2023 than a decade earlier. The Indiana electric power sector's natural gas consumption has exceeded that of the state's residential sector since 2016.^105,106 In 2023, the residential sector, where almost three-fifths of state households use natural gas for space heating, received about 14% of the natural gas delivered to Indiana consumers. The commercial sector accounted for about 10% of the state's natural gas, and a small amount of natural gas was delivered to the transportation sector.^107,108

Endnotes

¹ NETSTATE, Indiana, The Geography of Indiana, accessed September 19, 2024.
² Gray, Henry H., Nautiloids: Shelled Marauders of Indiana's Ordovician Seas, Indiana Geological and Water Survey, accessed September 19, 2024.
³ U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Annual Coal Report (October 3, 2023), Table 15, Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines, Estimated Recoverable Reserves, and Demonstrated Reserve Base by Mining Method, 2022.
⁴ U.S. EIA, Crude Oil Production, Annual, 2018-23.
⁵ U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Production, Gross Withdrawals, Annual, 2018-23.
⁶ NETSTATE, Indiana, The Geography of Indiana, accessed September 19, 2024.
⁷ City-Data, Indiana, Topography, accessed September 19, 2024.
⁸ Scheeringa, Ken, Indiana: "Don't like the weather? Just wait a few minutes and it will change," Indiana's Climate, The CoCoRaHS ‘State Climates' Series, accessed September 19, 2024.
⁹ U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2023 State Agriculture Overview, Indiana.
¹⁰ U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table P4B, Primary Energy Production Estimates, Biofuels in Thousand Barrels, Ranked by State, 2022.
¹¹ U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, WINDExchange, Maps & Data, Indiana Land-Based Wind Speed at 100 meters (December 11, 2020).
¹² U.S. EIA, Interactive GIS Data Viewer, Layer List: State Mask Indiana, Wind Power Plants, accessed September 19, 2024.
¹³ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, State Climate Summaries 2022, Indiana, Narrative.
¹⁴ U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C14, Total Energy Consumption Estimates per Capita by End-Use Sector, Ranked by State, 2022.
¹⁵ U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F35, Total Energy Consumption, Price, and Expenditure Estimates, 2022.
¹⁶ RV Industry Association, 2023 RV Industry Profile, accessed September 19, 2024.
¹⁷ U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Interactive Data, Regional Data, GDP & Personal Income, Annual Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by State, SAGDP2 GDP in Current Dollars, Indiana, All statistics in the table, 2022.
¹⁸ U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F35, Total Energy Consumption, Price, and Expenditure Estimates, 2022.
¹⁹ U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table P3, Total Primary Energy Production and Total Energy Consumption Estimates in Trillion Btu, 2022.
²⁰ U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report (October 3, 2023), Table 15, Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines, Estimated Recoverable Reserves, and Demonstrated Reserve Base by Mining Method, 2022.
²¹ U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report (October 3, 2023), Table 6, Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Coal Rank, 2022.
²² U.S. EIA, Interactive GIS Data Viewer, Layer List: State Mask Indiana, Wind Power Plants, accessed September 20, 2024.
²³ U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Distribution Report (October 3, 2023), Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal, by Coal Origin State, Table OS-6, Domestic Coal Distribution, by Origin State, 2022, Indiana.
²⁴ U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Distribution Report (October 3, 2023), U.S. Domestic and Foreign Coal Distribution by State of Origin, 2022.
²⁵ U.S. EIA, Coal Data Browser, Total Consumption (Short tons), All states, Electric power (total), Commercial and institutional, Coke plants, Other industrial, Annual, 2023.
²⁶ U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report (October 3, 2023), Table 6, Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Coal Rank, 2022.
²⁷ U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report (October 3, 2023), Table 26, U.S. Coal Consumption by End Use Sector, Census Division, and State, 2022 and 2021.
²⁸ U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Distribution Report (October 3, 2023), Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal, By Coal Destination State, Indiana, Table DS-12, Domestic Coal Distribution, by Destination State, 2022.
²⁹ U.S. EIA, Coal Data Browser, Total Consumption (Short tons), All states, Electric power (total), Commercial and institutional, Coke plants, Other industrial, Annual, 2023.
³⁰ U.S. EIA, Coal Data Browser, Total Consumption (Short tons), All states, Coke plants, Other industrial, Annual, 2023.
³¹ U.S. Geological Survey, Annual Publications, Iron and Steel, 2024.
³² U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Distribution Report (October 3, 2023), Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal, By Coal Destination State, Indiana, Table DS-12, Domestic Coal Distribution, by Destination State, 2022.
³³ "How does coke and coal play into steel making?," Federal Steel Supply Inc. (June 22, 2016).
³⁴ U.S. EIA, Coal Data Browser, Total Consumption (Short tons), Indiana, Electric power, Commercial and institutional, Coke plants, Other industrial, Annual, 2000-23.
³⁵ U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, Indiana, Annual, 2001-23.
³⁶ U.S. EIA, Electric Power Monthly (February 2024), Tables 1.3.B, 1.4.B.
³⁷ U.S. EIA, State Electricity Profiles, Indiana Electricity Profile 2022, Tables 2A, 2B.
³⁸ U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, Indiana, Annual, 2001-23.
³⁹ U.S. EIA, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of August 2024, and Inventory of Retired Generators as of August 2024.
⁴⁰ U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, Indiana, Annual, 2001-23.
⁴¹ U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, Indiana, Annual, 2001-23.
⁴² U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Retail sales of electricity, All states, All sectors, Annual, 2023.
⁴³ U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Retail sales of electricity, All states, Industrial sector, Annual, 2023.
⁴⁴ U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, House Heating Fuel, Table 25040, Home Heating Fuel, 2023 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Indiana.
⁴⁵ U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Retail sales of electricity, Indiana, Annual, 2023.
⁴⁶ U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Retail sales of electricity, Indiana, Annual, 2023.
⁴⁷ U.S. EIA, Indiana Electricity Profile 2022, Table 10, Supply and disposition of electricity, 1990 through 2022.
⁴⁸ U.S. EIA, Monthly Energy Review (September 2024), Appendix F monthly state file, XLS, Public ports only, Pubic & private ports.
⁴⁹ U.S. Department of Energy, Alternative Fuels Data Center, Alternative Fueling Station Locator, Indiana, accessed September 20, 2024.
⁵⁰ Indiana Department of Transportation, Indiana EV, Charging the Crossroads, accessed September 20, 2024.
⁵¹ Indiana Department of Transportation, Indiana EV, Awarded Sites, accessed September 20, 2024.
⁵² U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation all sectors, Indiana, Annual, 2001-23.
⁵³ U.S. EIA, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of August 2024.
⁵⁴ U.S. EIA, Interactive GIS Data Viewer, Layer List: State Mask Indiana, Wind Power Plants, accessed September 23, 2024.
⁵⁵ U.S. EIA, Electric Power Monthly (September 2024), Table 6.2.B.
⁵⁶ U.S. EIA, Interactive GIS Data Viewer, Layer List: State Mask Indiana, Solar Power Plants, accessed September 23, 2024.
⁵⁷ U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation all sectors, Indiana, Annual, 2001-23.
⁵⁸ NETSTATE, Indiana, The Geography of Indiana, The Land, accessed September 23, 2024.
⁵⁹ U.S. EIA, Interactive GIS Data Viewer, Layer List: State Mask Indiana, Hydroelectric Power Plants, accessed September 23, 2024.
⁶⁰ U.S. EIA, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of August 2024.
⁶¹ U.S. EIA, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of August 2024.
⁶² U.S. EIA, Interactive GIS Data Viewer, Layer List: State Mask Indiana, Biomass Power Plants, accessed September 23, 2024.
⁶³ Bio Town Ag, Our Operation, accessed September 23, 2024.
⁶⁴ U.S. EIA, Monthly Densified Biomass Fuel Report (October 1, 2024), Table 1, Densified biomass fuel manufacturing facilities in the United States by state, region, and capacity, July 2024.
⁶⁵ U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2023 State Agriculture Overview, Indiana.
⁶⁶ Ethanol Producer Magazine, Ethanol Plant List, accessed September 23, 2024.
⁶⁷ U.S. EIA, U.S. Fuel Ethanol Plant Production Capacity (August 15, 2024), Detailed annual production capacity by plant is available in XLSX.
⁶⁸ U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table P4B, Primary Energy Production Estimates, Biofuels in Thousand Barrels, Ranked by State, 2022.
⁶⁹ U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F29, Fuel ethanol consumption estimates, 2022.
⁷⁰ U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table P4B, Primary Energy Production Estimates, Biofuels, in Thousand Barrels, Ranked by State, 2022.
⁷¹ U.S. EIA, U.S. Biodiesel Plant Production Capacity (August 15, 2024), Detailed annual production capacity by plant is available in XLSX.
⁷² U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table P4B, Primary Energy Production Estimates, Biofuels, in Thousand Barrels, Ranked by State, 2022.
⁷³ U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F30, Biodiesel Consumption Estimates, 2022.
⁷⁴ Indiana Utility Regulatory Commission, 2021 Annual Report, p. 36-37.
⁷⁵ NC Clean Energy Technology Center, DSIRE, Indiana, Clean Energy Portfolio Standard, updated November 7, 2023.
⁷⁶ NC Clean Energy Technology Center, DSIRE, Indiana, Net Metering, updated March 7, 2024.
⁷⁷ U.S. EIA, Indiana Crude Oil Proved Reserves, Annual, 1977-2019.
⁷⁸ U.S. EIA, Crude Oil Production, Annual, 2018-23.
⁷⁹ Indiana Geological and Water Survey, Indiana Geology, A Brief Overview of the History of the Petroleum Industry In Indiana, Trenton Field, accessed September 24, 2024.
⁸⁰ U.S. EIA, Indiana Field Production of Crude Oil, Annual, 1981-2023.
⁸¹ U.S. EIA, Crude Oil Production, Annual, 2018-23.
⁸² U.S. EIA, Number and Capacity of Petroleum Refineries, Indiana, and United States, 2019-2024.
⁸³ U.S. EIA, Oil and Petroleum Products Explained, Refining Crude Oil, Top 10 U.S. refineries operable capacity, as of January 1, 2024.
⁸⁴ BP plc, Indiana, BP's Economic Investment, updated September 2024.
⁸⁵ CountryMark Cooperative Holding Corporation, About Us, Refinery, accessed September 24, 2024.
⁸⁶ U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F16, Total Petroleum Consumption Estimates, 2022.
⁸⁷ U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C3, Primary Energy Consumption Estimates, 2022.
⁸⁸ U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gasoline Standards, State Fuels, updated August 13, 2024.
⁸⁹ Southern States Energy Board, Gardner, K. W., U.S. Gasoline Requirements, (January 2018).
⁹⁰ U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F16, Total Petroleum Consumption Estimates, 2022.
⁹¹ U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, House Heating Fuel, Table 25040, Home Heating Fuel, 2023 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Indiana.
⁹² U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F16, Total Petroleum Consumption Estimates, 2022.
⁹³ U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Reserves Summary as of December 31, Dry Natural Gas, Annual, 2016-21.
⁹⁴ U.S. EIA, Indiana Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals, 1967-2023.
⁹⁵ U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Production, Gross Withdrawals, Annual, U.S. and Indiana, 2018-23.
⁹⁶ Indiana Geological and Water Survey, A Brief Overview of the History of the Petroleum Industry in Indiana, accessed September 25, 2024.
⁹⁷ U.S. EIA, International & Interstate Movements of Natural Gas by State, Indiana, Annual, 2018-23.
⁹⁸ U.S. EIA Interactive GIS Data Viewer, Layer List: State Mask Indiana, Natural Gas Pipelines, accessed September 25, 2024.
⁹⁹ U.S. EIA, International & Interstate Movements of Natural Gas by State, Indiana, Annual, 2018-23.
¹⁰⁰ U.S. EIA, Underground Natural Gas Storage Capacity, Total Number of Existing Fields, Annual, 2018-23.
¹⁰¹ U.S. EIA, Underground Natural Gas Storage Capacity, Total Storage Capacity, Annual, 2018-23.
¹⁰² U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C16, Natural Gas Consumption Estimates, Total and per Capita, Ranked by State, 2022.
¹⁰³ U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Consumption by End Use, Indiana, Annual, 2018-23.
¹⁰⁴ U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, Indiana, Annual, 2001-23.
¹⁰⁵ U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Consumption by End Use, Indiana, Annual, 2018-23.
¹⁰⁶ U.S. EIA, Indiana Natural Gas Deliveries to Electric Power Consumers, 1997-2023.
¹⁰⁷ U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, House Heating Fuel, Table 25040, Home Heating Fuel, 2023 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Indiana.
¹⁰⁸ U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Consumption by End Use, Indiana, Annual, 2018-23.

Other Resources

Energy-Related Regions and Organizations

• Coal Region: Interior
• Petroleum Administration for Defense District (PADD): 2
• Regional Transmission Organization (RTO) and Independent System Operator (ISO): Midcontinent Independent System Operator (MISO), PJM Interconnection (PJM)
• North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) ERO Enterprise: Regional Entities: Reliability First Corporation (RFC)

Other Websites

• Indiana Office of Energy Development
• Indiana Department of Environmental Management
• Indiana Utility Regulatory Commission
• Indiana Office of Utility Consumer Counselor
• Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Coal in Indiana
• Indiana Housing and Community Development Authority, Energy Assistance Program (EAP)
• Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Oil and Gas
• Indiana Natural Resources Commission
• Indiana Geological & Water Survey, Coal
• Indiana Geological & Water Survey, Oil and Gas
• Indiana Office of Energy Development, Energy Efficiency & Demand Response
• Go Electric Vehicle Indiana (GOEVIN), Programs and Incentives
• EIA Indiana Flickr Album
• U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Rural Development, Energy Programs
• U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Office of Community Services, An Office of the Administration for Children & Families, Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP)
• Alternative Fuels Data Center, Federal and State Laws and Incentives
• USA.Gov, Get help with energy bills
• NC Clean Energy Technology Center, Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency (DSIRE)
• National Association of State Energy Officials (NASEO)
• National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL), Energy
• National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners (NARUC)
• National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Geospatial Data Science Data and Tools
• U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Publications
• Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission (IOGCC)
• U.S. Geological Survey, Maps
• Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Energy Flow Charts
• National Renewable Energy Laboratory, SLOPE: State and Local Planning for Energy
• EIA Natural Gas Storage Dashboard
• U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Indiana
• EIA Energy Disruptions Maps