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Vermont   Vermont Profile

State Profile and Energy Estimates

Changes to the State Energy Data System (SEDS) Notice: In October 2023, we updated the way we calculate primary energy consumption of electricity generation from noncombustible renewable energy sources (solar, wind, hydroelectric, and geothermal). Visit our Changes to 1960—2022 conversion factor for renewable energy page to learn more.

Profile DataPrint State Energy Profile
(overview, data, & analysis)

Last Update: March 21, 2024 Next Update: April 18, 2024                                                                                                                                               See full record of updates

Data in this section highlight only a small number of the many series available for this state. Use the "more" links on this page or the "Find" tool to access EIA's additional state-level data.

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Energy Indicators  
Demography Vermont Share of U.S. Period
Population 0.6 million 0.2% 2022  
Civilian Labor Force 0.4 million 0.2% Jan-24  
Economy Vermont U.S. Rank Period
Gross Domestic Product $ 40.6 billion 51 2022  
Gross Domestic Product for the Manufacturing Sector $ 3,734 million 48 2022  
Per Capita Personal Income $ 63,206 22 2022  
Vehicle Miles Traveled 7,128 million miles 49 2022  
Land in Farms 1.2 million acres 42 2022  
Climate Vermont U.S. Rank Period
Average Temperature 45.8 degrees Fahrenheit 43 2023  
Precipitation 53.5 inches 7 2023  
Prices  
Petroleum Vermont U.S. Average Period find more
Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase -- $ 71.00 /barrel Dec-23  
Natural Gas Vermont U.S. Average Period find more
City Gate $ 5.08 /thousand cu ft $ 4.39 /thousand cu ft Dec-23 find more
Residential $ 15.67 /thousand cu ft $ 12.94 /thousand cu ft Dec-23 find more
Coal Vermont U.S. Average Period find more
Average Sales Price -- $ 54.46 /short ton 2022  
Delivered to Electric Power Sector -- $ 2.48 /million Btu Dec-23  
Electricity Vermont U.S. Average Period find more
Residential 21.09 cents/kWh 15.73 cents/kWh Dec-23 find more
Commercial 18.54 cents/kWh 12.39 cents/kWh Dec-23 find more
Industrial 12.11 cents/kWh 7.66 cents/kWh Dec-23 find more
Reserves  
Reserves Vermont Share of U.S. Period find more
Crude Oil (as of Dec. 31) -- -- 2021 find more
Expected Future Production of Dry Natural Gas (as of Dec. 31) -- -- 2021 find more
Expected Future Production of Natural Gas Plant Liquids -- -- 2021 find more
Recoverable Coal at Producing Mines -- -- 2022 find more
Rotary Rigs & Wells Vermont Share of U.S. Period find more
Natural Gas Producing Wells -- -- 2020 find more
Capacity Vermont Share of U.S. Period
Crude Oil Refinery Capacity (as of Jan. 1) -- -- 2023  
Electric Power Industry Net Summer Capacity 857 MW 0.1% Dec-23  
Supply & Distribution  
Production Vermont Share of U.S. Period find more
Total Energy 38 trillion Btu * 2021 find more
Crude Oil -- -- Dec-23 find more
Natural Gas - Marketed -- -- 2022 find more
Coal -- -- 2022 find more
Total Utility-Scale Net Electricity Generation Vermont Share of U.S. Period find more
Total Net Electricity Generation 173 thousand MWh * Dec-23  
Utility-Scale Net Electricity Generation (share of total) Vermont U.S. Average Period
Petroleum-Fired NM 0.3 % Dec-23 find more
Natural Gas-Fired 0.1 % 42.2 % Dec-23 find more
Coal-Fired 0.0 % 16.2 % Dec-23 find more
Nuclear 0.0 % 19.9 % Dec-23 find more
Renewables 99.4 % 20.9 % Dec-23  
Stocks Vermont Share of U.S. Period find more
Motor Gasoline (Excludes Pipelines) -- -- Dec-23  
Distillate Fuel Oil (Excludes Pipelines) 10 thousand barrels * Dec-23 find more
Natural Gas in Underground Storage -- -- Dec-23 find more
Petroleum Stocks at Electric Power Producers 27 thousand barrels 0.1% Dec-23 find more
Coal Stocks at Electric Power Producers 0 thousand tons 0.0% Dec-23 find more
Fueling Stations Vermont Share of U.S. Period
Motor Gasoline 398 stations 0.4% 2021  
Propane 2 stations 0.1% Feb-24  
Electric Vehicle Charging Locations 363 stations 0.6% Feb-24  
E85 0 stations 0.0% Feb-24  
Biodiesel, Compressed Natural Gas, and Other Alternative Fuels 3 stations 0.1% Feb-24  
Consumption & Expenditures  
Summary Vermont U.S. Rank Period
Total Consumption 129 trillion Btu 51 2021 find more
Total Consumption per Capita 199 million Btu 44 2021 find more
Total Expenditures $ 2,814 million 50 2021 find more
Total Expenditures per Capita $ 4,349 19 2021 find more
by End-Use Sector Vermont Share of U.S. Period
Consumption
    »  Residential 43 trillion Btu 0.2% 2021 find more
    »  Commercial 26 trillion Btu 0.2% 2021 find more
    »  Industrial 17 trillion Btu 0.1% 2021 find more
    »  Transportation 43 trillion Btu 0.2% 2021 find more
Expenditures
    »  Residential $ 927 million 0.3% 2021 find more
    »  Commercial $ 517 million 0.3% 2021 find more
    »  Industrial $ 311 million 0.1% 2021 find more
    »  Transportation $ 1,059 million 0.2% 2021 find more
by Source Vermont Share of U.S. Period
Consumption
    »  Petroleum 15 million barrels 0.2% 2021 find more
    »  Natural Gas 13 billion cu ft * 2022 find more
    »  Coal 0 thousand short tons 0.0% 2022 find more
Expenditures
    »  Petroleum $ 1,759 million 0.2% 2021 find more
    »  Natural Gas $ 140 million 0.1% 2022 find more
    »  Coal -- -- 2022 find more
Consumption for Electricity Generation Vermont Share of U.S. Period find more
Petroleum NM NM Dec-23 find more
Natural Gas 1 million cu ft * Dec-23 find more
Coal 0 thousand tons 0.0% Dec-23 find more
Energy Source Used for Home Heating (share of households) Vermont U.S. Average Period
Natural Gas 18.1 % 46.2 % 2022  
Fuel Oil 38.2 % 3.9 % 2022  
Electricity 8.7 % 41.3 % 2022  
Propane 18.6 % 5.0 % 2022  
Other/None 16.4 % 3.5 % 2022  
Environment  
Renewable Energy Capacity Vermont Share of U.S. Period find more
Total Renewable Energy Electricity Net Summer Capacity 710 MW 0.2% Dec-23  
Ethanol Plant Nameplate Capacity -- -- 2023  
Renewable Energy Production Vermont Share of U.S. Period find more
Utility-Scale Hydroelectric Net Electricity Generation 104 thousand MWh 0.5% Dec-23  
Utility-Scale Solar, Wind, and Geothermal Net Electricity Generation 38 thousand MWh 0.1% Dec-23  
Utility-Scale Biomass Net Electricity Generation 30 thousand MWh 0.7% Dec-23  
Small-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Generation 11 thousand MWh 0.2% Dec-23  
Fuel Ethanol Production 0 thousand barrels 0.0% 2021  
Renewable Energy Consumption Vermont U.S. Rank Period find more
Renewable Energy Consumption as a Share of State Total 31.3 % 6 2021  
Fuel Ethanol Consumption 660 thousand barrels 49 2021  
Total Emissions Vermont Share of U.S. Period find more
Carbon Dioxide 5.6 million metric tons 0.1% 2021  
Electric Power Industry Emissions Vermont Share of U.S. Period find more
Carbon Dioxide 13 thousand metric tons * 2022  
Sulfur Dioxide 0 thousand metric tons 0.0% 2022  
Nitrogen Oxide 1 thousand metric tons 0.1% 2022  

Notes & Sources

-- = No data reported.
*  = Value is less than half of the smallest unit of measure (e.g., for values with no decimals, the smallest unit is 1 then values less than 0.5 are shown as *.)
NA = Not available.
NM = Not meaningful due to large relative standard error or excessive percentage change.
W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.
Note: Small differences between source data and values displayed here may be due to independent rounding.
Note: Components of "Utility-scale net electricity generation (share of total)" may not add to 100% because "Total utility-scale net electricity generation" includes net generation from petroleum coke, pumped storage hydroelectric, other gases, and other energy sources, which are not shown separately.
Note: Territory data may be estimates based on EIA's Short-Term Energy Outlook.