Profile AnalysisPrint State Energy Profile
(overview, data, & analysis)
Last Updated: April 20, 2023
Overview
Utah has both fossil and renewable energy resources and is a net energy supplier to neighboring states.
Utah is a state of contrasts, from flat salt desert to rugged canyons, and from mountains soaring more than 13,000 feet above sea level in the northeast to the desert floor 9,000 feet lower in the southwest.1 The state has a variety of energy resources, including crude oil, natural gas, coal, and several forms of renewable energy.2 An arid state with abundant sunshine, Utah is among the states with the greatest solar resources.3,4 Wind, hydropower, and geothermal resources are also major contributors to the state's electricity generation from renewables.5 About 80% of Utah's residents live in Salt Lake City and other communities along the Wasatch Front in the north-central part of the state.6 Although Utah was the fastest-growing state by population between 2010 and 2020, most of the state is sparsely populated.7
The energy industry is an important component of Utah's economy and royalties from energy development on extensive state trust lands typically are the largest source of income for Utah's public-school trust fund.8 About 63% of Utah's land is owned by the federal government, the second-highest share after Nevada's 80%.9 Utah has the fourth-highest number of producing crude oil and natural gas leases on federal lands, after New Mexico, Wyoming, and Colorado.10
The transportation sector leads Utah's energy consumption, accounting for three-tenths of the state's total, followed by the industrial sector at slightly more than one-fourth. The residential sector and the commercial sector each account for about one-fifth of the state's total end-use sector energy consumption.11 Despite temperatures that vary greatly with season and altitude, ranging from well above 100°F in the south in the summer to well below 0°F in winter at higher elevations in the north, per capita energy consumption in Utah is below the national average and less than in two-thirds of the states. Utah ranks among the 10 states with the lowest per capita energy consumption in the residential sector.12,13 The state's economy is largely service-oriented with finance, insurance, and real estate as the biggest contributors, followed by government spending, professional and business services, and the manufacturing sector. Utah's energy intensity—the amount of energy needed to produce each dollar of state gross domestic product (GDP)—is less than in two-thirds of the states.14,15
Petroleum
Utah has 1% of the nation's proved crude oil reserves.16 In addition to conventional crude oil reservoirs, northeastern Utah overlays part of the Green River oil shale, a potential oil resource. Eastern Utah also has the largest U.S. deposit of oil sands.17 However, extraction technology for the state's oil shale and oil sand resources is water-intensive and uneconomic.18,19
Utah accounts for 15 of every 100 barrels of crude oil produced in the Rocky Mountain region.
Utah accounts for almost 1 in every 100 barrels of crude oil produced in the United States and 15 of every 100 barrels produced in the Rocky Mountain region.20 Oil drilling operations and producing wells are concentrated in the Uinta Basin in northeastern Utah and the Paradox Basin of southeastern Utah.21,22 Utah's crude oil production declined sharply in 2020 following the drop in petroleum demand and oil prices at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, but the state's output recovered in 2022 and reached a new high.23
Utah's 5 oil refineries, all located in the Salt Lake City area, process about 206,000 barrels of crude oil per calendar day. Much of the oil processed by the refineries arrives by pipeline from Utah, Colorado, Wyoming, and Canada.24,25 Utah's refineries, which account for almost one-third of the refining capacity in the Rocky Mountain region, produce mostly motor gasoline, diesel fuel, and jet fuel.26,27 Pipelines carry refined products from Salt Lake City's refineries to markets in Utah, Idaho, Nevada, Wyoming, eastern Washington, and Oregon. Petroleum products also enter Utah by pipeline from refineries in Wyoming and Montana.28,29,30
Utah's per capita petroleum consumption ranks among the lowest one-third of the states.31 The transportation sector uses about four-fifths of the petroleum consumed in the state.32 To help reduce ground-level ozone during the summer months, Utah, under the Clean Air Act, requires the use of motor gasoline blended with ethanol in the two densely-populated counties in the north central part of the state, which includes the Salt Lake City metropolitan area. The rest of the state can use conventional motor gasoline that is not blended with ethanol.33,34,35,36 Utah does not have any ethanol production facilities, and ethanol is brought in from other states to be blended with motor gasoline at Utah's fuel terminals.37 About 3 in 100 Utah households use propane, fuel oil, or kerosene for home heating. Total petroleum consumption in the state's residential sector is lower than in all other states but Hawaii.38,39
Natural gas
Although Utah holds less than 1% of the nation's proved natural gas reserves, the state has 3 of the 100 largest U.S. natural gas fields.40,41 Utah's marketed natural gas production, most of which is in Uintah County in the northeastern corner of the state, accounted for about 1% of U.S. natural gas output in 2022.42,43 The state's natural gas production rose steadily for three decades starting in the mid-1980s, and it peaked in 2012. Annual production levels have remained below the peak in response to lower natural gas prices and reduction in the number of producing wells. However, natural gas production increased in 2022 for the time since 2012.44,45,46 Utah's coalbed methane production, which is natural gas produced from coal seams, peaked in 2007, when it accounted for almost one-fifth of the state's natural gas output. Coalbed methane production has gradually declined since then and in 2021 fell to less than half its peak output.47,48,49
Utah has the largest underground natural gas storage reservoir in the Rocky Mountain region.
Utah is crossed by several interstate pipelines that transport natural gas from the Opal Hub in Wyoming, from the Piceance Basin in western Colorado, and from Utah's in-state production to markets in Nevada, Idaho, and Colorado.50,51 Utah has 3 natural gas storage facilities with a combined storage capacity of almost 125 billion cubic feet, equal to about 1% of the nation's total natural gas storage capacity.52 The Clay Basin facility, on the Utah-Wyoming border near Colorado, is the largest underground storage reservoir in the Rocky Mountain region and the 14th-largest in the nation. It can hold 120 billion cubic feet of gas.53,54
In 2021, Utah's electric power sector became the state's largest consumer of natural gas for the first time and this continued in 2022, when it accounted for one-third of the state's natural gas use. The residential sector accounted for just over three-tenths of gas deliveries. Almost 9 out of 10 Utah households use natural gas as their primary heating fuel, the highest share of natural gas home heating use for any state.55 The commercial sector accounted for about one-fifth and the industrial sector for about one-sixth of natural gas consumption.56,57
Coal
Utah has about 1% of the nation's estimated recoverable coal reserves and accounts for about 2% of U.S. coal production.58 Utah had six active coal mines in 2021, the fewest number since mining operations began in Utah about 150 years ago.59 Most active mines in the state are underground operations in central Utah. The only active surface coal mine is in the south near the Arizona border.60 About four-fifths of the coal mined in Utah is consumed in the state, mostly for electricity generation. About one-fifth of Utah's mined coal is exported to other countries or sent to other states, primarily to California and Nevada where the coal is used mostly at industrial facilities and some power plants. Utah receives coal by rail from Colorado for electricity generation.61
After Utah's coal production increased in 2019 because of higher demand from the overseas export market, the state's coal output declined in 2020 and dropped again in 2022 to the lowest level in 44 years.62,63,64 The state's coal output fell and mines shut down because of decreased demand for coal from the U.S. electric power sector.65,66,67,68
Electricity
Solar energy powers about 93% of Utah’s new electric generating capacity added since 2015.
In 2022, coal fueled 53% of Utah's total electricity net generation, down from 75% in 2015, and natural gas accounted for 26%. Almost all of the rest of Utah's in-state electricity generation came from renewable energy sources, primarily solar power.69 Solar energy powers about 93% of Utah's new electric generating capacity since 2015.70 While the state does not generate any electricity from nuclear energy, plans for a nuclear power plant near Green River, Utah have been proposed since 2007.71,72 A Utah municipal electric cooperative also plans to build a nuclear power station with six small reactors in Idaho to supply power to its Utah customers by 2030.73,74
Utah has the nation's only operating uranium production mill.75,76,77 The state experienced several booms in uranium mining—in the 1950s during the Cold War, in the 1970s with the growth in the U.S. nuclear power industry, and in the mid-2000s when uranium prices increased. Mine closures followed when uranium demand and prices fell. There has been no uranium mine production in Utah since 2012. The Utah mill processes uranium ore from mines in other states and from radioactive waste.78,79,80,81,82
Utah generates about one-fifth more electricity than it consumes, and the state is a net supplier of power to other states.83 Utah's Strategic Energy Plan expects natural gas-fired generation will replace coal and will back up intermittent generation from renewables like wind and solar power. The state updated its long-term energy plan in 2022.84,85,86 No new coal-fired generators have been built in the state since 1993, but about 60 natural gas-fired units have been put into service since then.87 High-capacity transmission lines are being constructed to bring renewable power from Wyoming and Utah to Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, and Oregon, as well as to enhance reliability of electricity delivery within Utah.88,89
Utah's total per capita electricity consumption is lower than in four-fifths of the states.90 The commercial sector consumes the most electricity—almost two-fifths of the state's total. Electricity consumption in the residential sector consumes one-third and industrial sector almost three-tenths.91 Utah's average electricity price is among the lowest five states.92,93 Electricity is the primary energy source for home heating in about one in five Utah households.94 Utah is creating an electric vehicle charging network that will have electric vehicle charging stations at least every 50 miles along the state's interstate highway system by the end of 2025. The state currently has 751 public access charging stations, with the majority clustered around Salt Lake City.95,96
Renewable energy
In 2022, about 16% of Utah's total electricity generation came from renewable energy sources. Solar energy generated more electricity than any other renewable resource in the state. Electricity generation from all solar facilities, both small-scale (less than 1 megawatt) customer-site solar panel systems and utility-scale (1-megawatt or larger) photovoltaic and thermal solar array farms, accounted for about three-fourths of the state's renewable generation and was nearly 50 times greater than in 2015.97 At the end of 2022, Utah ranked ninth among the states in the amount of solar power generating capacity, with 1,537 megawatts. Another 330 megawatts of utility-scale solar capacity is scheduled to come online in 2023.98,99 The state requires investor-owned electric utilities and most electric cooperatives to offer net metering, which encourages installation of solar panels on residential rooftops.100 In 2022, 83% of the state's solar power came from utility-scale solar generating facilities and 17% from small-scale generating systems.101
Wind energy produced 11% of Utah's renewable electricity in 2022, surpassing in-state hydropower for the second time since 2016.102 Utah has five wind farms operating with nearly 400 megawatts of generating capacity.103 The state's two largest wind farms send power to southern California.104 There is commercial wind power potential in the Wasatch and Uinta mountain ranges in Utah's north-central region and on the mesas in western Utah.105
Hydropower made up about 9% of the state's renewable generation in 2022.106 The annual amount of hydropower generation depends on water availability from seasonal rains and melting snow.107 The state has 29 utility-scale hydroelectric plants. Half of those plants' generating units are more than 60 years old. The 1.2-megawatt Granite hydroelectric power station located southwest of Salt Lake City is the oldest one, built in 1896 to provide electricity to the city's streetcar system.108,109
Utah is one of seven states with utility-scale electricity generation from geothermal sources. In 2022, three geothermal facilities in southwestern Utah provided about 7% of the state's renewable electricity generation.110,111,112,113 The state has some of the best geothermal potential in the nation, and more geothermal projects are in development.114,115,116,117,118 In April 2022, the U.S. Interior Department offered 11 geothermal lease sale parcels totaling about 32,500 acres in the southeastern corner of Utah, to encourage the development of geothermal electricity generation.119 In 2021, the U.S. Department of Energy granted $220 million for a project in southwestern Utah to improve drilling technologies for developing underground geothermal reservoirs.120,121
Biomass, primarily in the form of landfill gas at facilities in the population centers on the Wasatch Front in north-central Utah, provided the remaining 1% of the state's renewable electricity generation in 2022.122,123 A 3-megawatt biogas generating plant in Beaver County, Utah uses methane gas from pig manure to produce electricity.124,125 Utah's wood biomass resources also provide feedstock for the state's one small wood pellet manufacturing plant, which has an annual production capacity of 9,000 tons.126
Utah seeks to have 20% of the electricity sold to state consumers generated from renewable sources by 2025.
Utah has a renewable portfolio goal that requires all electric utilities to pursue renewable energy when it is cost-effective. Each utility has a goal for 20% of its adjusted electricity retail sales to be generated from qualifying renewable sources by 2025. Renewable energy sources that meet this goal include: solar, wind, geothermal, hydropower, hydrogen, municipal solid waste, landfill gas, and farm animal manure.127
In June 2022, the Advanced Clean Energy Storage project in Utah received a $504 million loan guarantee from the U.S. Department of Energy. The loan guarantee will help finance the construction of the world's largest clean hydrogen storage facility, which would be capable of providing long-term low-cost, seasonal energy storage.128 The project will use renewable energy sources to produce hydrogen and store it in underground salt dome caverns. The hydrogen will then power an 840-megawatt hydrogen-capable gas turbine combined cycle power plant, which is expected to be operational in 2025.129
Endnotes
1 Davies, Robert, "Climate Utah—Cathedral Peaks, Monument Valleys, Ancient Lakes and the Greatest Snow on Earth," Utah's Climate, The Community Collaborative Rain, Hail and Snow Network, ‘State Climate Series,' accessed March 7, 2023.
2 Utah Governor's Office of Energy Development, Utah's Energy Resources, accessed March 7, 2023.
3 Current Results, Average Annual Sunshine by State, accessed March 7, 2023.
4 National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Direct Normal Solar Irradiance (February 22, 2018).
5 U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors (thousand megawatthours), Utah, Annual 2001-22.
6 U.S. EIA, Utah Profile Overview, Map, Layers/Legend: Biomass Power Plant, population density, accessed March 14, 2022.
7 U.S. Census Bureau, Utah: 2020 Census, Utah Was Fastest-Growing State From 2010 to 2020, August 25, 2021.
8 State of Utah School and Institutional Trust Lands Administration, Fiscal Year 2020 Annual Report, p. 20.
9 Vincent, Carol H., et al., Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data, Congressional Research Service (February 21, 2020), p. 7-8.
10 U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Public Land Statistics 2021 (June 2022), Table 3-17, Continuing Oil, Gas, and Geothermal Activities on Federal Lands as of September 30, 2021, p. 107-108.
11 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C11, Energy Consumption Estimates by End-Use Sector, Ranked by State, 2019.
12 Davies, Robert, "Climate Utah—Cathedral Peaks, Monument Valleys, Ancient Lakes and the Greatest Snow on Earth," Utah's Climate, The Community Collaborative Rain, Hail and Snow Network, ‘State Climate Series,' accessed March 7, 2023.
13 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C14, Total Energy Consumption Estimates per Capita by End-Use Sector, Ranked by State, 2020.
14 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C10, Total Energy Consumption Estimates, Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Energy Consumption Estimates per Real Dollar of GDP, Ranked by State, 2020.
15 U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Interactive Data, Regional Data, GDP and Personal Income, Annual Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by State, GDP in current dollars, NAICS, Utah, All statistics in table, Utah, 2021.
16 U.S. EIA, Crude Oil Proved Reserves, Reserves Changes, and Production, Proved reserves as of 12/31, 2015-21.
17 Utah Geological Survey, Energy & Minerals, Oils Sand/Tar Sands, accessed March 13, 2023.
18 Vanden Berg, Michael, Utah's Energy Landscape, Circular 127, Utah Geological Survey (2020), p. 37.
19 Krauss, Clifford, "A Plan to Unlock Billions of Barrels of Oil from Utah's Sands," The New York Times (August 21, 2018).
20 U.S. EIA, Crude Oil Production, Annual-Thousand Barrels, 2016-22.
21 Utah Governor's Office of Energy Development, Utah's Energy Resources, Petroleum, accessed March 13, 2023.
22 American Geosciences Institute, Interactive map of oil and gas resources in Utah, accessed March 13, 2023.
23 U.S. EIA, Utah Field Production of Crude Oil, Annual, Thousand Barrels, 1981-2022.
24 U.S. EIA, Refinery Capacity 2021, Table 3, Capacity of Operable Petroleum Refineries by State as of January 1, 2022
25 Vanden Berg, Michael, Utah's Energy Landscape, Circular 127, Utah Geological Survey (2020), p. 24.
26 Vanden Berg, Michael, Utah's Energy Landscape, Circular 127, Utah Geological Survey (2020), p. 24.
27 U.S. EIA, Refinery Capacity 2022, Table 1, Number and Capacity of Operable Petroleum Refineries by PAD District and State as of January 1, 2022.
28 Utah Rails.net, Utah's Oil Industry and Utah's Railroads, updated February 4, 2020.
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31 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C15, Petroleum Consumption, Total and per Capita, Ranked by State, 2020.
32 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F16, Total Petroleum Consumption Estimates, 2020.
33 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gasoline Reid Vapor Pressure, State by State RVP Table, accessed March 13, 2023.
34 Utah State Bulletin, Utah Administrative Code, Rule R307-301. Utah and Weber Counties: Oxygenated Gasoline Program as a Contingency Measure (February 15, 2017), p. 63.
35 American Petroleum Institute, U.S. Gasoline Requirements (January 2018).
36 Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Air Quality Laws and Rules, updated December 16, 2022.
37 U.S. EIA, U.S. Fuel Ethanol Plant Production Capacity (August 8, 2022), Detailed nameplate capacity of fuel ethanol plants by Petroleum Administration for Defense District (PAD District) are available in XLS.
38 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C5, Residential Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, 2020.
39 U.S. Census Bureau, House Heating Fuel, Table B25040, 2021 ACS 1-Year Estimates Detailed Tables, Utah.
40 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Proved Reserves, Wet After Lease Separation, Proved Reserves as of Dec. 31, 2015-21.
41 U.S. EIA, Top 100 U.S. Oil & Gas Fields (March 2015), p. 8-10.
42 Vanden Berg, Michael D., Utah's Energy Landscape, Circular 127, Utah Geological Survey (2020), p. 32, 34.
43 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Production, Marketed Production, Annual-Million Cubic Feet, 2017-22.
44 U.S. EIA, Utah Natural Gas Marketed Production, 1967-2022.
45 Lin, John C. and Ryan Bares, "Declining methane emissions and steady, high leakage rates observed over multiple years in a western U.S. oil/gas production basin," Nature (November 16, 2021), p.6.
46 Vanden Berg, Michael D., Utah's Energy Landscape, Circular 127, Utah Geological Survey (2020), p. 34, 36.
47 U.S. EIA, Utah Natural Gas Marketed Production, 1967-2022.
48 U.S. EIA, Utah Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals from Coalbed Wells, 2002-21.
49 U.S. EIA, Glossary, Coalbed Methane, accessed March 15, 2023.
50 U.S. EIA, International and Interstate Movements of Natural Gas by State, Utah, 2015-21.
51 American Petroleum Institute, Where are the Pipelines? Natural Gas Pipelines, Pipeline 101, accessed March 15, 2023.
52 U.S. EIA, Underground Natural Gas Storage Capacity, Total Storage Capacity and Total Number of Existing Fields, 2015-21.
53 MountainWest Pipeline, Clay Basin Storage, accessed March 15, 2023.
54 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Annual Respondent Query System, 191 Field Level Storage Data, 2021.
55 U.S. EIA, Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS), Highlights for space heating fuel in U.S. homes by state, 2020.
56 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Consumption by End Use, Utah, 2015-22.
57 U.S. Census Bureau, House Heating Fuel, Table B25040, 2021 ACS 1-Year Estimates Detailed Tables, Utah.
58 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report 2021 (October 18, 2022), Table 1, Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Mine Type, 2021 and 2020; and Table 15, Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines, Estimated Recoverable Reserves, and Demonstrated Reserve Base by Mining Method, 2021.
59 Utah Economic Council, 2022 Economic Report to the Governor, p. 119.
60 Vanden Berg, Michael, Utah's Energy Landscape, Circular 127, Utah Geological Survey (2020), p. 18.
61 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Distribution Report 2021 (October 18, 2022), Domestic distribution of U.S. coal by: Domestic and foreign distribution of U.S. coal by origin state, Utah; Origin State, consumer, destination and method of transportation, Utah Table 0S-23; and Destination State, consumer, destination and method of transportation, Utah Table DS-39.
62 U.S. EIA, Coal Data Browser, Aggregate coal mine production for all coal (short tons), Utah, 2001-21.
63 U.S. EIA, Quarterly Coal Report (April 3, 2023), Table 2, Coal production by state.
64 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, State Energy Production Estimates 1960 Through 2020, Table PT1, Primary Energy Production Estimates in Physical Units, Utah 1960-2020.
65 Mills, Stephanie E. and Andrew Rupke, Utah Mining 2021, Circular 134, Utah Geological Survey (2022), p. 28-36.
66 Vanden Berg, Michael, Utah's Energy Landscape, Circular 127, Utah Geological Survey (2020), p. 22-23.
67 Utah Economic Council, 2022 Economic Report to the Governor, p. 119, 123.
68 U.S. EIA, "In 2020, U.S. coal production fell to its lowest level since 1965," Today in Energy (July 14, 2021).
69 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors (thousand megawatthours), Utah, 2001-22.
70 U.S. EIA, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of January 2023, Plant State: Utah, Technology: Select All.
71 Power Technology, Green River (Blue Castle) 1, US, December 17, 2021.
72 Webb, Dennis, "Green River nuke project's prospects questioned after loss of water source," The Daily Sentinel (November 29, 2021).
73 "Eastern Idaho nuclear project to be built by Utah co-op goes from 12 to 6 reactors," Associated Press (July 19, 2021).
74 NuScale, "NuScale Reaches Key Milestone in the Development of the Carbon Free Power Project," Press Release (January 9, 2023).
75 U.S. EIA, Domestic Uranium Production Report-Annual (May 18, 2022), Table 4, U.S. uranium mills by owner, location, capacity, and operating status at end of the year, 2017-21.
76 Energy Fuels, White Mesa Mill, accessed March 13. 2023.
77 Vanden Berg, Michael, Utah's Energy Landscape, Circular 127, Utah Geological Survey (2020), p. 38.
78 Vanden Berg, Michael, Utah's Energy Landscape, Circular 127, Utah Geological Survey (2020), p. 38-39.
79 World Nuclear Association, US Uranium Mining and Exploration, updated November 2021.
80 Mills, Stephanie, et al., Utah Mining 2021, Circular 134, Utah Geological Survey (2022), p. 26-27.
81 Utah Economic Council, 2022 Economic Report to the Governor, p. 146.
82 Watson, Stephen, "Critics blast Utah mill that accepted 300,000 tons of Tonawanda's radioactive waste," The Buffalo News (March 16, 2022).
83 U.S. EIA, Utah Electricity Profile 2021, Table 10, Supply and disposition of electricity, 1990 through 2021.
84 Utah Governor's Office, Energy Initiatives and Imperatives: Utah's 10-Year Strategic Energy Plan 2.0, updated February 2014, p. 7.
85 Utah Governor's Office of Energy Development, Utah's Energy Action Plan Through 2020 (May 2018), p. 4.
86 Utah Office of Energy Development, Utah Energy and Innovation Plan, accessed March 20, 2023.
87 U.S. EIA, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of January 2023, Plant State: Utah, Technology: Natural Gas.
88 TransWest Express LLC, Critical grid infrastructure to connect the West, accessed March 20, 2023.
89 PacifiCorp, Gateway South, accessed March 20, 2023.
90 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C17, Electricity Retail Sales, Total and Residential, Total and per Capita, Ranked by State, 2020.
91 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F20, Electricity Consumption Estimates, 2021.
92 U.S. EIA, Electric Power Monthly (December 2022), Table 5.6.B.
93 U.S. EIA, "U.S. residential electricity expenditures increased by $5 per month in 2021," Today in Energy (April 7, 2022).
94 U.S. Census Bureau, House Heating Fuel, Table B25040, 2021 ACS 1-Year Estimates Detailed Tables, Utah.
95 State of Utah Electric Vehicle Master Plan, Second Edition (2020), p. 6.
96 U.S. DOE, Alternative Fuels Data Center, Electric Vehicle Charging Station Locations, Utah, accessed March 20, 2023.
97 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors (thousand megawatthours), Utah, 2001-22.
98 U.S. EIA, Electric Power Monthly (February 2023), Table 6.2.B.
99 U.S. EIA, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Planned Generators as of January 2023, Plant State: Utah, Technology: Solar Photovoltaic.
100 NC Clean Energy Technology Center, DSIRE, Utah, Net Billing, updated February 22, 2023.
101 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors (thousand megawatthours), Utah, 2001-22.
102 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors (thousand megawatthours), Utah, 2001-22.
103 U.S. EIA, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of January 2023, Plant State: Utah, Technology: Onshore Wind Turbine.
104 Southern California Public Power Authority, Milford Wind Corridor Phase I and II, accessed March 20, 2023.
105 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, WINDExchange, Wind Energy in Utah, Maps & Data, Utah 80-Meter Wind Resource Map, accessed March 20, 2023.
106 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors (thousand megawatthours), Utah, 2001-22.
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108 U.S. EIA, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of January 2023, Plant State: Utah, Technology: Conventional Hydroelectric.
109 TrekZone, Granite Hydroelectric Power Plant Historic District, Salt Lake City, History, accessed March 20, 2023.
110 U.S. EIA, Electric Power Monthly (February 2023), Table 1.16.B.
111 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors (thousand megawatthours), Utah, 2001-22.
112 U.S. EIA, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of January 2023, Plant State: Utah, Technology: Geothermal.
113 Vanden Berg, Michael, Utah's Energy Landscape, Circular 127, Utah Geological Survey (2020), p. 12.
114 National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Geothermal Resource of the United States (February 22, 2018).
115 University of Utah, Kem C. Gardner Institute, Economic Impacts of Utah's Energy Industry, 2017, (February 2020), p. 22-23.
116 U.S. Department of Energy, "U.S. Department of Energy Selects University of Utah for $140 million Geothermal Research and Development," Press release (June 14, 2018).
117 National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Sedimentary Geothermal Resources in Nevada, Utah, Colorado, and Texas (August 2020), p. 20.
118 Hardwick, Christian, "Energy News: Geothermal in Utah and the USA: Is a Sleeping Energy Giant Awakening?" Utah Geological Survey (September 13, 2021).
119 U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, "BLM Will Hold Geothermal Lease Sale in Southwest," Press release (February 8, 2022).
120 Dalrymple, Rachel, "Milford, Utah could become the world's next geothermal hub," Utah Business (November 19, 2021).
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122 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors (thousand megawatthours), Utah, 2001-22.
123 American Biogas Council, Biogas State Profile: Utah, February 2019.
124 U.S. EIA, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860), Inventory of Operating Generators as of January 2023, Plant State: Utah, Technology: Landfill Gas, Other Waste Biomass.
125 Orchard, Bryan, ""Blue Mountain Biogas Plant Turns Pig Manure into Power," Pollution Solutions Online (January 14, 2014).
126 U.S. EIA, Monthly Densified Biomass Fuel Report (March 16, 2022), Table 1. Densified biomass fuel manufacturing facilities in the United States by state, region, and capacity, December 2022.
127 NC Clean Energy Technology Center, DSIRE, Utah, Renewable Portfolio Goal, updated July 3, 2018.
128 U.S. DOE, DOE Announces First Loan Guarantee for a Clean Energy Project in Nearly a Decade, Press Release, June 8, 2022.
129 ACES Delta, Advanced Clean Energy Storage Hub, accessed March 20, 2023.