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Assumptions to the Annual Energy Outlook 2006
 

 

Transportation

[34]  U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic and Safety Administration, “Summary of Fuel Economy Performance”, (Washington, DC, March 2004). 

[35]  Goldberg, Pinelopi Koujianou, “Product Differentiation and Oligopoly In International Markets: The Case of The U.S. Automobile Industry,” Econometrica, Vol. 63, No.4 (July, 1995), 891-951. 

[36]  Decision Analysis Corporation of Virginia, Fuel Efficiency Degradation Fact, Final Report, Prepared for Energy Information Administration (EIA), (Vienna, VA, August 3, 1992); U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics 2003, (Washington, DC, December, 2004). 

[37]  Oak Ridge National Laboratory, “Fleet Characteristics And Data Issues,” Davis, Stacy C, Lorena Truett, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, (Oak Ridge, TN, january 2003). 

[38]  Energy Information Administration, Alternatives to Traditional Transportation Fuels 2000, http://www.eia.gov/cneaf/alternate/page/datatables/atf1-13_00.html. 

[39]  Final rule for the alternative fuels transportation programs, Federal Register, Vol. 61, p. 10622, March 14, 1996. 

[40]  State of California, Air Resources Board, Resolution 03-4, April 24, 2003; State of California, Air  Resources Board, Proposed 2003 Amendments to the California Zero Emission Vehicle Regulation, July  29, 2003. 

[41]  Oak Ridge National Laboratory, op. cit., Note 37. 

[42]  Oak Ridge National Laboratory, op. cit., Note 37. 

[43]  Davis, Stacy C., Lorena F. Truett, “Investigation of Class 2B Trucks (Vehicles of 8,500 to 10,000  LBS GVWR),” Oak Ridge National Laboratory, ORNL/TM-2002/49, March 2002. 

[44]  Davis, Stacy C., Lorena F. Truett, op.cit., Note 43. 

[45]  Greenspan, Alan, and Darrel Cohen, “Motor Vehicle Stocks, Scrappage, and Sales,” Federal  Reserve Board (Washington, DC, October 30, 1996). 

[46]  Davis, Stacy C., and Susan W. Diegel, Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 24, Center for Transportation Analysis, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Table 3.7, page 3-10, ORNL-6970, (Oak Ridge, TN, December, 2004). 

[47]  Davis, Stacy C., Lorena F. Truett, op.cit., Note 43. 

[48]  Greene, David L. and S.M. Chin, “Alternative Fuels and Vehicles (AFV) Model Changes,” Center for  Transportation Analysis, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, (Oak Ridge, TN, November 14, 2000). 

[49]  U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, prepared by Interlaboratory Working Group, Scenarios of U.S. Carbon Reductions: Potential Impacts of Energy Technologies by 2010 and Beyond, (Washington, DC, 1998). 

[50]  Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Updates to the Fuel Economy Model (FEM) and Advanced  Technology Vehicle (ATV) Module of the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) Transportation Model, Prepared for the Energy Information Administration (EIA), (Arlington, VA, October 23, 2000). 

[51]  Energy Information Administration, op.cit., Note 86. 

[52]  Energy Information Administration, State Energy Data 2001 Consumption,  http://www.eia.gov/emeu/states/_use_multistate.html#html_format. 

[53]  Decision Analysis Corporation of Virginia, “Re-estimation of Freight Adjustment Coefficients,” Report prepared for the Energy Information Administration (EIA), February 28, 1995). 

[54]  Reebie Associates, TRANSEARCH Freight Commodity Flow Database, (Greenwich, CT, 1992). 

[55]  U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census, Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey Data 1997, EC-97-TV-US, (Washington, DC, October 1999). 

[56]  Vyas, A., C. Saricks, and F. Stodolsky, “The Potential Effect of Future Energy Efficiency and Emissions Improving Technology on Fuel Consumption of Heavy Trucks,” Argonne National Laboratory, (Argonne, IL, 2002). 

[57]  Davis, Stacy C., “Memorandum on the Distribution of Trucks by Age and Weight: 2000 Truck Population,” Oak Ridge National Laboratory, (Oak Ridge, TN, November 2001) 

[58] Davis, Stacy C., op. cit., Note 57. 

[59]  Schmoyer, Rick, “Scrappage of Heavy Trucks – Estimates for the Year 2000,” Oak Ridge National  Laboratory, DRAFT, (Oak Ridge, TN, June 2001). 

[60]  Decision Analysis Corporation of Virginia, op. cit. Note 53. 

[61]  Reebie Associates, op. cit., Note 54. 

[62]  Argonne National Laboratory, Transportation Energy Demand Through 2010, (Argonne, IL, 1992). 

[63]  U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Railroad Administration, “1989 Carload Waybill Statistics; Territorial Distribution, Traffic and Revenue by Commodity Classes,” (September 1991 and Prior issues). 

[64]  Energy Information Administration, op. cit., Note 52. 

[65]  Army Corps of Engineers, Waterborne Commerce of the United States, (Waterborne Statistics  Center: New Orleans, LA, 1993). 

[66]  Energy Information Administration, op. cit., Note 52. 

[67]  Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Office of Airline Information, Air Carrier Summary Data (Form  41, Schedules T-1 and T-2), (2003). http://www.transtats.bts.gov/DataIndex.asp; link: Air Carrier  Summary Data (Form 41 and 298C Summary Data). 

[68]  Bureau of Transportation Statistics, op. cit., Note 67. 

[69]  U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, Airport Capacity Benchmark  Report 2004, (2004). 

[70]  Jet Information Services Inc., World Jet Inventory: Year-End 2004, (December 2004). 

[71]  Bureau of Transportation Statistics, op. cit., Note 67.

[72]  Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Energy Efficiency Improvement of Potential Commercial Aircraft to 2010, ORNL-6622, (Oak Ridge, TN, June 1990), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Air Transport Energy Use Model, Draft Report, (Oak Ridge, TN, April 1991). 

[73]  Oak Ridge National Laboratory, op. cit., Note 70. 

[74]  Energy Information Administration, op. cit., Note 52. 

[75]  Energy Information Administration, op. cit. Note 38 

[76]  Bobbit, The Fleet Fact Book, (Redondo Beach, California, 1995). 

[77]  U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census, 1992 Truck Inventory and Use Survey, Microdata File on CD, (Washington, DC, 1995). 

[78]  U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Policy, Assessment of Costs and Benefits of Flexible and Alternative Fuel Use in the U.S. Transportation Sector, Technical Report Fourteen: Market Potential and Impacts of Alternative-Fuel Use in Light-Duty Vehicles: A 2000/2010 Analysis, (Washington, DC, 1995). 

[79]  Ibid. 

[80]  Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., “Documentation of Technologies Included in the NEMS Fuel Economy Model for Passenger Cars and Light Trucks,” Prepared for the Energy Information Administration, (Arlington, VA, September 30, 2002). 

[81] Vyas, A., C. Saricks, and F. Stodolsky, “Projected Effect of Turture Efficiency and Emissions  Improving Technologies on Fuel Consumption of Heavy Trucks,” Argonne National Laboratory, (Argonne, IL, 2001).