| Key Terms |
Definition |
| Adjusted Sales |
Distillate fuel oil sales estimates have been adjusted at the PADD district level to equal
published EIA volume estimates of petroleum products supplied in the U.S. marketplace.
The kerosene and residual fuel oil sales estimates have been adjusted at the national
level. The products supplied estimates can be found in the
Petroleum Supply Annual
for the appropriate year.
In addition, electric power generation data and on-highway diesel data are used in lieu of
adjusted survey results. For details, see
Technical Note 3 in the Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales report.
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| All Other |
Sales for all other energy-consuming sectors not included elsewhere.
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| Commercial |
An energy-consuming sector that consists of service-providing facilities and equipment
of nonmanufacturing businesses; Federal, State, and local governments; and other private
and public organizations, such as religious, social, or fraternal groups. The commercial
sector includes institutional living quarters. Common uses of energy associated with
this sector include space heating, water heating, air conditioning, lighting, refrigeration, cooking
and running a wide variety of other equipment.
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| Distillate Fuel Oil |
A general classification for one of the petroleum fractions produced in conventional distillation
operations. It includes diesel fuels and fuel oils. Products known as No. 1, No. 2, and
No. 4 diesel fuel are used in on-highway diesel engines, such as those in trucks and automobiles,
as well as off-highway engines, such as those in railroad locomotives and agricultural machinery.
Products known as No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4 fuel oils are used primarily for space heating and
electric power generation.
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| Electric Power |
An energy-consuming sector that consists of electricity only and combined heat and
power (CHP) plants whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and
heat, to the public -- i.e., NAICS 22 plants. Volumes directly imported and used by
the electric power companies are included.
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| Farm |
An energy-consuming sector that consists of establishments where the primary activity
is growing crops and/or raising animals. Energy use by all facilities and
equipment at these establishments is included,
whether or not it is directly associated with growing crops and/or raising animals.
Common types of energy-using equipment include tractors, irrigation pumps, crop dryers,
smudge pots, and milking machines. Facility energy use encompasses all structures at
the establishment, including the farm house.
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| Industrial |
An energy-consuming sector that consists of all facilities and equipment used for
producing, processing, or assembling goods. The industrial sector encompasses the
following types of activity: manufacturing and mining. Overall energy use in this
sector is largely for process heat and cooling and powering machinery, with lesser
amounts used for facility heating, air conditioning, and lighting. Fossil fuels are
also used as raw material inputs to manufactured products.
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| Military |
An energy-consuming sector that consists of the U.S. Armed Forces, Defense Energy
Support Center (DESC), and all branches of the Department of Defense (DOD).
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| No. 1 Distillate |
A light petroleum distillate that can be used as either a diesel fuel (see No. 1 Diesel Fuel)
or a fuel oil.
No. 1 Diesel Fuel: A light distillate fuel oil that has distillation temperatures of
550 degrees Fahrenheit at the 90-percent point and meets the specifications defined in ASTM
Specification D 975. It is used in high-speed diesel engines generally operated under frequent
speed and load changes, such as those in city buses and similar vehicles.
No. 1 Fuel Oil: A light distillate fuel oil that has distillation temperatures of 400 degrees Fahrenheit
at the 10-percent recovery point and 550 degrees Fahrenheit at the 90-percent point and
meets the specifications defined in ASTM Specification D 396. It is used primarily as fuel
for portable outdoor stoves and portable outdoor heaters.
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| No. 2 Diesel Fuel |
A fuel that has distillation temperatures of 500 degrees Fahrenheit at the 10-percent
recovery point and 640 degrees Fahrenheit at the 90-percent recovery point and meets the
specifications defined in ASTM Specification D 975. It is used in high-speed diesel engines
that are generally operated under uniform speed and load conditions,
such as those in railroad locomotives, trucks, and automobiles.
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| No. 2 Diesel Fuel, High Sulfur |
No. 2 diesel fuel that has a sulfur level above 500 ppm.
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| No. 2 Diesel Fuel, Low Sulfur |
No. 2 diesel fuel that has a sulfur level between 15 ppm and 500 ppm (inclusive).
It is used primarily in motor vehicle diesel engines for on-highway use.
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| No. 2 Distillate |
A petroleum distillate that can be used as either a diesel fuel (see No. 2 Diesel Fuel) or a fuel oil
(see No. 2 Fuel Oil).
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| No. 2 Fuel Oil (Heating Oil) |
A distillate fuel oil that has a distillation temperature of 640 degrees Fahrenheit
at the 90-percent recovery point and meets the specifications defined in ASTM
Specification D 396. It is used in atomizing type burners for domestic heating
or for moderate capacity commercial/industrial burner units.
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| No. 4 Fuel Oil |
A distillate fuel oil made by blending distillate fuel oil and residual fuel oil stocks.
It conforms with ASTM Specification D 396 or Federal Specification VV-F-815C and is used
extensively in industrial plants and in commercial burner installations that are not
equipped with preheating facilities. It also includes No. 4 diesel fuel used for low-
and medium-speed diesel engines and conforms to ASTM Specification D 975.
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| Off-Highway |
An energy-consuming sector that consists of:
Construction: Facilities and equipment including earthmoving equipment, cranes,
stationary generators, air compressors, etc.
Other: All off-highway uses other than construction. Includes logging, scrap and
junk yards, and refrigeration units on trucks.
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| Oil Company |
An energy-consuming sector that consists of drilling companies, pipelines or other
related oil companies not engaged in the selling of petroleum products. Includes
fuel oil that was purchased or produced and used by company facilities for operation
of drilling equipment, other field or refinery operations, and space heating at
petroleum refineries, pipeline companies, and oil-drilling companies. Sales to
other oil companies for field use are included, but sales for use as refinery
charging stocks are excluded.
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| On-Highway (Diesel) |
An energy-consuming sector that consists of motor vehicles: automobiles, trucks,
and buses. Vehicles used in the marketing and distribution of petroleum products is
also included.
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| Petroleum Administration for Defense District (PADD): |
PADD 1 (East Coast):
PADD 1A (New England): Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont.
PADD 1B (Central Atlantic): Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania.
PADD 1C (Lower Atlantic): Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia.
PADD 2 (Midwest): Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee, Wisconsin.
PADD 3 (Gulf Coast): Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Mexico, Texas.
PADD 4 (Rocky Mountain): Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Utah, Wyoming.
PADD 5 (West Coast): Alaska (North Slope and Other Mainland), Arizona, California,
Hawaii, Nevada, Oregon, Washington.
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| Railroad |
An energy-consuming sector that consists of all railroads for any use, including that
used for heating buildings operated by railroads.
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| Residential |
An energy-consuming sector that consists of living quarters for private households. Common uses
of energy associated with this sector include space heating, water heating, air conditioning,
lighting, refrigeration, cooking, and running a variety of other appliances. Sales to
farmhouses are reported under "Farm" and sales to apartment buildings are reported
under "Commercial."
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| United States |
The 50 States and the District of Columbia.
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| Vessel Bunkering |
An energy-consuming sector that consists of commercial or private boats,
such as pleasure craft,
fishing boats, tugboats, and ocean-going vessels, including vessels operated by oil
companies. Excluded are volumes sold to the U.S. Armed Forces.
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Sales of distillate fuel oil have been adjusted at the PAD District level. For further detail,
see
Technical Note 3 in the Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales report.
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From 1984 to 1990 distillate data are adjusted at the PAD District level to equal product
supplied data as published in the "Petroleum Supply Annual," Volume 1. Allocations
at the State level were based on the EIA-821 survey, except for on-highway diesel,
electric power, and railroad uses
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Beginning in 1991 distillate data are adjusted at the PAD District level to equal
product supplied data as published in the "Petroleum Supply Annual," Volume 1.
Allocations at the State level were based on the EIA-821 survey, except for
on-highway diesel, and electric power uses.
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Electric Power:
National-level distillate and residual fuel oil electric power sales were calculated from
annual aggregations of data collected on other forms.
For years 1984 to 1999: the EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and the
FERC-423, "Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants" were used.
Form EIA-759 consumption data for light oils include No 2. fuel oil, kerosene, and
jet fuel: the heavy oils include No. 4 fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and crude oil.
Using receipt data from Form FERC-423, No. 4 fuel oil receipts were deleted from the
heavy oil consumption data and added to the light oil consumption data. The resultant
distillate (light oils) and residual (heavy oils) consumption data were added to
the stock change of light oils and heavy oils, respectively, from Form EIA-759 to
obtain the estimate of sales.
For year 2000 data: the EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," FERC-423,
"Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants," EIA-860B,
"Annual Electric Generation Report - Nonutility," and the EIA-900, "Monthly
Nonutility Power Report" were used. Form EIA-759 collected consumption data for
light oils included No. 2 fuel oil, kerosene, and jet fuel; the heavy oils
include No. 4 fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and crude oil. Using receipt data
from Form FERC-423, the No. 4 fuel oil receipts were deleted from the heavy oil
consumption data and added to the light oil consumption data. The resultant
distillate and residual consumption data were added with Form EIA-860B distillate
and residual consumption data and the stock change of distillate and residual,
respectively, from Forms EIA-759 and EIA-900 to obtain the estimate.
For year 2001 data: the EIA-906, "Power Plant Report" and FERC-423, "Monthly Report
of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants" were used. Form EIA-906
consumption data for distillate and residual was added to the stock change of
distillate and residual, respectively. Using receipt data from Form FERC-423,
the No. 4 fuel oil receipts were deleted from the heavy oil consumption data and
added to the light oil consumption data.
For years 2002 to present: the EIA-906, "Power Plant Report" was and is used.
Form EIA-906 utility and nonutility, NAICS 22 companies, consumption data was added
to the stock change of distillate and residual, respectively. Allocations at the
State level were based on the EIA-821 survey.
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Military:
For years 1984 to 1990: residual fuel oil issued to defense installations
(Defense Fuel Supply Center's Defense Energy Information System (DFSC DEIS) Report)
was allocated at the State level were based on the EIA-821 survey. For years 1991
to present: survey results are used.
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Railroad:
For years 1984 to 1990: distillate fuel oil used by Class I railroads and Amtrak at
the U.S. level was obtained from the American Association of Railroads. Allocations
at the State level were based on the EIA-821 survey. For years 1991 to present:
survey results are used.
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Vessel Bunkering:
For years 1984 and 1985: residual fuel oil used for foreign trade vessel bunkering at
the PAD district level was obtained from the Bureau of the Census, United States
Foreign Trade, Bunker Fuels. To account for all vessel bunkering including coastal
trade, the historically established ratios of total vessel bunkering use to foreign
trade use was determined for each PAD District and used to inflate the foreign trade
bunkering value. Allocations at the State level were based on the EIA-821 survey
except for the States in PAD District 2. For this region, which includes the Great
Lakes, the EIA-821 survey results were used since the Census report, based on the
U.S. Custom Service's data, did not provide adequate coverage.
For years 1986 to present: survey results are used.
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Respondents to the EIA-821 survey were instructed to report all volumes in
accordance with what the product was sold as, regardless of the actual
specifications of that product. For example, if a No. 2 distillate was sold
as a heating oil or fuel oil, the volume would be reported in the category
"No. 2 Fuel Oil" even if the product conformed to the higher specification of
a diesel fuel.
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Beginning in 2001 "Electric Power" has replaced "Electric Utility" to ensure that
products sold to/used by both utility and nonutility power producers are included.
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Beginning in 1993 commercial and industrial "No. 2 Diesel" was broken down into
"No. 2 Low Sulfur Diesel" and "No. 2 High Sulfur Diesel."
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Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
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Due to updated program methodology and revised data, 2008 through 2011 Sales and Adjusted Sales numbers
have been revised since they were first published. We have created an excel file
Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales Data
that shows the differences between the original and revised published data for your convenience.
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Definitions